modern world history: prologue
TRANSCRIPT
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Modern World
History
2014
SECTION 1:
THE LEGACY OF
ANCIENT GREECE AND
ROME
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Athens
Builds a
Democracy
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TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
M
o
n
a
r
c
h
y
Aristocracy
Oligarchy Democracy
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Athens = largest city-state
Citizens (adult male residents) help in government
Economic troubles cause many poor farmers to sell themselves into slavery
BUILDING A DEMOCRACY
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Solon- 594 BC
Outlawed debtors’ slavery
Canceled farmers’ debts
Citizenship based on wealth
Council of 400
Still a limited democracy 1/10 th
could participate
REFORMS OF SOLON
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Cleisthenes, 508 BC
“Found of democracy in Athens”
Balanced power of rich and poor
Council of 500
Council members chosen at random
Limited Democracy1/5 th are citizens
REFORMS OF CLEISTHENES
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Pericles – 461-429 BC
Pays jurors
Creates a more direct democracy
Citizens rule and make laws directly (not through representatives)
PERICLES STRENGTHENS DEMOCRACY
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Standards in government and philosophy
1st to develop three branches of government
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
LEGACY OF GREECE
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Republic – form of gov.where citizens can elect people who make decisions for them
Political Struggles
Plebians – commoners
Patricians – inherited power and social status
ROME DEVELOPS A REPUBLIC
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Twelve Tables (written legal code)
Roman rule expands, and problems follow
Civil war
Rule of dictators
27 BC, Rome falls under rule of Emperor
ROMAN GOVERNMENT DEVELOPS
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Emperor Justinian
528 AD
Compiled all Roman law into four books
Became a guide for modern European governments
EMPEROR JUSTINIAN
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Judaism (Israelites/Jews/Hebrews) began in a corner of Southeast Asia
Christianity emerges from Judaism in approx. 20 AD Spreads through the
Roman Empire
SECTION 2
JUDAISM & CHRISTIANITY
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Christianity spreads
through the Roman
Empire
Exiled (“Christ the
King” is a dangerous
term)
All roads lead to Rome
(common
language/trade
routes/large area of
control)
SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY
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Emperors, starting
with Constantine,
adopted the religion
around 300 AD
“Holy Roman Empire”
“Roman Catholic
Church”
CHRISTIANITY IS ACCEPTED IN EUROPE
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1. Duty of the
individual and
community to
combat oppression
2. Worth of the
individual
3. Equality of people
before God
PRINCIPLES THAT
LATER AFFECT GOV.
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Key Term Meaning
Renaissance
Individualism
Reformation
RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION
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LEGACY OF THE REFORMATION &
RENAISSANCE
Challenged the authority of monarchs &
popes
Indirectly helped the growth of democracy
Calling believers to read Bible for
themselves
Increased literacy
Exposed to more than just
religious ideas
Placed more importance on the
individual
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Democracy
Develops in
England
SECTION 3
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England develops
democratic
institutions that
limit monarchy
SECTION 3: MAIN IDEA
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Battle of Hastings (1066)
Normans + Anglo-Saxons
Henry II
Ruled from 1154-1189
Jury trials
Jury answered questions
about the accused
Decisions set precedents
Common Law – customs and
principles over time
REFORMS IN ENGLAND
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ENGLISH MONARCHY BEFORE THE
MAGNA CARTA
King Henry II
1154-1189
King Richard
(The Lion Heart)
1189-1199
King John
1199-1216
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THE MAGNA CARTA
King John
Demands money for
war with France
Raises taxes
Abuses power
1215 nobles rebel
and demand a
written contract
Magna Carta
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63 Clauses
2 “Basic Rights”
Popular consent before
taxation
Due Process of the Law
Parliament
England’s national
legislature
THE MAGNA CARTA
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King Edward I (John’s grandson) calls the Model Parliament
Knights, nobles, and burgesses
Leads to the House of Commons & the House of Lords
THE MODEL PARLIAMENT
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PARLIAMENT VS MONARCHY
ROUND 1. DING-DING.
“Power of the Purse”
Esp. House of the
Common
Monarchy declares
divine right
Chosen by God,
answerable only to
God
Absolutism
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Queen Elizabeth I
dies in 1603
The Stuarts, a
Scottish royal family,
is the next in line
Believe in divine right
King James VI King
James I (1603-1625)
Clashes with English
Parliament (see next
slide)
THE STUART KINGS
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1. Puritans want
change
2. Uses the Star
Chamber (royal vs.
common law)
3. Money troubles
(Elizabeth’s debts,
wars, and a lavish
court)
KING JAMES I VS. PARLIAMENT
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King James’ son, King Charles I, reign begins in 1625
1628 – signs the Petition of Rights in exchange for money
Ignores documents and dismisses Parliament until 1640
KING CHARLES I AGGRAVATES
PARLIAMENT
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Charles I loses his head in 1649
Oliver Cromwell founds the “Commonwealth of England”
1653 – Lord Protector.
Basically, a dictatorship
Dies in 1658
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR - 1642
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1660 – Parliament
asks Charles I’s son
to take the throne
King Charles II
(1660-d.1685)
1679 – Habeas Corpus
Arrested person must be
presented in court, know
what they’re accused of,
and have a trial
THE RESTORATION
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King James II (1685-
1689)
Catholic, divine right
Parliament fears Catholic
rule, asks Mary and her
husband, William of
Orange, to overthrow her
father
Establish a
Constitutional
Monarchy
English Bill of Rights
(1689)
THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
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The
Enl ightenment
and Democrat ic
Revolut ions
SECTION 4
• Enlightenment
• Social contract
• Natural rights
• Separation of powers
• Representative government
• Federal system
• United Nations
Create a word/concept map for these
key terms and names