List all the instruments you hear

Pennylane Beatles

1.2.3.4.5.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIX_XVji9UA

Brandenburg Concerto No 2

What is the texture?

Melodic dictation

Rhythmic dictation

Harmonic dictation (see level 2 stuff)

I Isus4 ii V V7 vi

V to V7

ii – V – I progression

Modulation

Modulation is a powerful tool for taking your music from a single key center on

to a more interesting tonal journey.

Listening Examples of Modulation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPjBnBdq5Os

Here is Fawkes the Phoenix from John Williams. Rather than give you all the

answers, listen for yourself and see if you can hear when the music modulates to

a new key. What is the effect? At what moments does the music feel like it soars

into new places?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FlQCtg96SQ

Modulation means “change of key”o Major to Majoro Major to Minor (vice versa)

Most common modulations occur between “related keys” rather than “distant keys”

Sam Smith

As you can see C major and G major are only one sharp different; they are considered closely related. Similarly, C major and F major have all notes in common except for one flat, and share four chords in common: C, Dm, F, and Am.

http://music.tutsplus.com/tutorials/how-and-why-to-modulate-to-new-keys--audio-23025

C major and G major ( 1 sharp difference) closely related: Dominant major

C major and D major ( 2 sharp difference) more distant key

C major and Eb major ( 3 flat difference) distant key

e.g. C major has no sharps or flats. If there is a key change, it will either gain a sharp (#) in the key signature, or lose a sharp (or gain a flat).

Related Keys

F major C major G major

D minor A minor E minor(Subdominant minor) (Relative minor) ( Dominant minor)

Use of Dominant 7th

To change keys, you need a dominant 7th (V7) chord of the key you are going to.

e.g. from C major (Tonic) to G major (Dominant major), there must be a Chord V7 in the key of G major.

Using V7 chord to change keys.

Subdominant Tonic Dominant

In the key of C major, there are no sharps or flats. Remember whenever there is a key change, there must be a dominant 7th of the new key, e.g. G major.

The presence of accidentals (new sharps or flats or natural signs), you have to be suspicious of modulation.

The V7 chord in the key of G is D F# A C, contains F#. This note cannot be found in C major, there has been a key change.

Summary

To identify modulation you must

1. look for accidentals2. Identify the key you are in3. Find the new key by establishing the V7 of the new key.

Tonic (C major)C E G

Dominant (G major)G B D

Chord V7 (Dominant 7th)

D F# A C

Exercise

Original key: ______ Modulated key: _________ Relationship: ____________________

Cadences

perfect

V - I

plagal

IV - I

Interrupted

V - vi

Imperfect

I - V(any chord

to V

Understanding Elements and Compositional Devices

Elements are basic “ingredients” that make up music – building blocksCompositional devices are like subset of the elements. These are specific techniques that composers use to develop and the piece of music.

DR SMITH

Performance Directions

Metre:

Transposition

E.g. piano part to clarinet in Bb

The transposing instrument is the clarinet.

Rhythm

ostinato repetition syncopation diminution augmentation

Melody

sequence ostinato (riffs) conjunct imitation canon

Clarinet’s “C” sounds like a “Bb” ( in Bb), therefore it sounds major 2nd lower.

So If you are transposing the piano part to clarinet, you must rewrite the clarinet part 1