Module 1

Module 1:

Foundation of health emergency response

operation

Module 1

Module descriptionThis module introduces the key concepts, principles

and frameworks of emergency management system, which serves as the foundation of health emergency response operation.

It covers the functional and organizational elements of Emergency Operation Center

It discusses the organizations, significant systems (ex. Coordination), resources and partners.

Describes how the functional elements of emergency management work together to produce a coherent, appropriately scaled response

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Module Objectives

At end of this module the participants will be able to:

Relate ERO in the overall Emergency Management Framework

Describe Emergency Response Operation

Discuss the elements of Emergency Operation Center

Apply the principles of an EOC ; and

Develop a plan to improve coordination in their own setting

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Module Content:1. Emergency Management Framework

2. Health Emergency Response

3. Emergency Operation Center and Health Emergency Operation Center

4. Coordination and Interoperability at different levels

Module 1Session 1: Emergency Management Framework

Session Objective:

At the end of the session, participants shall be able to describe Emergency Management Framework and Health Emergency Response Operation

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Q & AGive 3 examples of the following

terms:

Hazard Risk Vulnerability Emergency Disaster Community Capacity

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A Logical Framework of Terminology

Hazard

Any potential threat to public safety and/or public health

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Types of hazards

1. Natural hazards Examples: typhoons, flood, earthquake,

volcanic eruptions, tsunami, drought

2. Technological hazards Examples: fire, chemical spill, industrial

incidents, transportation accidents, radio-nuclear incidents

3. Biological hazards Examples: disease outbreaks, Red Tide

Phenomenon, Food poisoning, etc

4. Societal hazards Examples: Rallies, war, armed conflict,

Stampede

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RiskAnticipated consequences of specific hazard interacting with specific community (at specific time)

“Risk Management”

HazardCOMMUNITY (Vulnerable)

RISKS

EmergencyDisaster

Capacity

PeoplePropertyServicesEnvironmentLivelihood

A Logical Framework of Terminology

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Vulnerabilities Factors which increase the risks arising from

specific hazard in specific community Determinants of risks

HazardCOMMUNITY (Vulnerable)

RISKS

Emergency

Disaster

CapacityPeoplePropertyServicesEnvironmentLivelihood

A Logical Framework of Terminology

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“Vulnerable Groups”

• Those who because of constraints of an economic, social, ethnic, biological, physical or geographical nature, are less able to cope with the impact of hazards than other members of their community or society

• Vulnerabilities are:– Intrinsic - specific to the individual - age, sex, health

status, mobility, literacy, habits, behaviour etc– Extrinsic - shared by groups within a community -

location, environment, poverty, availability of services, culture etc.

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A Logical Framework of Terminology

Community is a legally constituted

administrative local government unit of a country

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Capacities

are determinants of risk

An assessment of ability to manage an emergency (risk modifier) – total capacity is measured as readiness

COMMUNITY (Vulnerable)

RISKS

EmergencyDisaster

Capacity

PeoplePropertyServicesEnvironmentLivelihood

PeoplePropertyServicesEnvironmentLivelihood

Hazard

A Logical Framework of Terminology

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“Risk Management”

Examples of Capacities

Laws, policies, plans, procedures Trained personnel; knowledge, skills and attitudes Code alert systems Institutional arrangements Management structures Facilities, material resources

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• Legal Framework

PoliciesProcedure

sGuidelines

PlansResourcesAuthority

KnowledgeSkillsAwareness

Ten key elements of preparedness

National, provincial, local, agency and National, provincial, local, agency and institutional levelinstitutional level

Personal and Personal and community levelcommunity level

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A Logical Framework of Terminology

Emergency

An actual threat to public safety and/or public health

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A Logical Framework of Terminology

Disaster

Any actual threat to public safety and/or public health where local government and the emergency services are unable to meet the immediate needs of the community

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EmergencyAn exceptional event of any magnitude that produces

damage and injury and potentially exceeds the capacity of normal resources to cope

Effects ranging from localized incidents with limited consequences to wide area disasters with catastrophic consequences

Often referred to as incidents or events, with the terms used interchangeably

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Emergency ManagementComprehensive strategy of building, utilizing and

restoring capacities employed in addressing the actual threat to public health and safety

A discipline dealing with the assessment, reduction and avoidance of excessive risk;

It is sometimes referred to as disaster management

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Emergency Management

Organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all aspects of emergencies, in particularly preparedness, response and rehabilitation

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Emergency Management

It involves plans, structures and arrangements established to engage the normal endeavors of government, voluntary and private agencies in a comprehensive and coordinated way to respond to the whole spectrum of emergency needs.

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Exercise 1

Roles Difficulties met in past response activities

Describe your roles as Health Emergency Manager?

Module 1Emergency Management Framework

Disaster Impact

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Prevention

Mitigation

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Successful Emergency Management System

Focus decisions and resources on priority objectives

Support sustained, high levels of collaboration and communication

Provide systemic accountability mechanisms

Designed to address a number of principles

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Emergency management systems Principles

Based on an all-hazard approach

Modular, scalable or adaptable organization

Support for joint engagement of multiple organizations in management decisions

Clear lines of accountability

Clearly defined roles and responsibilities

Clear procedures for activation, escalation, and demobilization of emergency capacities

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Emergency management systems Principles

Common functional groupings and consistent terminology

Integrated with stakeholder agencies

Mechanisms involving all stakeholders and users of EOC in its design, operational planning and evaluation

Provision of capacity to manage public communications opportunities as part of the response to emergencies

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Risk Management

is a comprehensive strategy for reducing threats and consequences to public health and safety of communities by:

preventing exposure to hazards (target = hazards)

reducing vulnerabilities (target group = community)

developing response and recovery capacities

(target group = response agencies)

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Risk Management

In Risk Management, the primary concern is to manage the risks.

The manager has to identify the possible risks that can result if a hazard interacts with a community, and efforts must be directed towards building community capacities to manage these risks.

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Risk Management Framework

HazardVulnerableCommunity Risks

EmergencyDisaster

Capacity

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Relationship of Risk Management Terms

RISK = HAZARD x VULNERABILITY CAPACITY

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HazardTechnologicalBiologicalNaturalSocietal

CommunityPeoplePropertyServicesLivelihoodEnvironment

+

Threat toPublicSafety

Non-Disaster Emergency

Local capacities can copeSurge in demandLocal services intactServices may or may not be sufficient

Disaster EmergencyInternational, national, and

local response needed

Surge in DemandLocal services cannot function normallyResources damaged, destroyed, inadequate or insufficient

Module 1 Risks and vulnerabilities are specific to the five elements of

the community

Elements of the community

Risks Vulnerabilities

1. People Deaths Untrained staff on BLS/ACLS

2. Properties Collapsed structure Hospital located on a fault line

3 Environment Water pollution Poor waste management

4. Services Disrupted OR services

No back up electrical power

5. Livelihood Loss of income No alternative job

Hazard: Earthquake

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Hazard

NaturalTechnologicalBiologicalSocietal

VulnerableHospital

Environment

Poor Access to safe water

Poor Access to sanitation

RisksEnvironmen

t

Diarrhea outbreakDeath

EmergencyDisaster

(ERO) Capacity

Risk Management

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Risks Assessment Process

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Risks Assessment Process

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Risks Management Process

Hospital Emergency Awareness and Response Training ‘09

“Risk Management”

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Risks Reduction

“Risk Management”

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Emergency Response Operation

Measures undertaken in responding to emergenciesIncludes operationalization of appropriate systems and

procedures emergencies

Emergency Response Operation involvesresponsibilitiesmanagement structuresresource and information managementSOPs

ERO focus on protecting life, property, essential services delivery and the environment

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Exercise

In the first week of operations for emergency response, what are the priority activities you have to organize as a health emergency manager?

Activities/Areas of Work Requirements to undertake activity

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Synthesis of the Session:

Demonstration and Return Demonstration of the seven terms of Risk Management.

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“All disasters are emergencies but not all emergencies are disasters”

Module 1Session 1: Emergency Management Framework

Session Objective:

At the end of the session, participants shall be able to describe Emergency Management Framework and Health Emergency Response Operation

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THANK YOU!