Write reflection notes all day

Empty your mind of thoughts all the day

One reflection for each paper

Anderson, H. H. (1959). Creativity in perspective. In H. H. Anderson (Eds.), Creativity and its cultivation, New York, Harper

Motivation

Avoid external evaluation (1/6)

External evaluation is power OVER the innovator...

Power over another is the ultimate achievement of conformity by the individual to external

standards

Anderson, H. H. (1959). Creativity in perspective. In H. H. Anderson (Eds.), Creativity and its cultivation, New York, Harper

Avoid external evaluation (2/6)

Extrinsic motives can cause a person to divide his/her attention

between extrinsic goals and the task at hand

Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York, Springer-Verlag

Avoid external evaluation (3/6)

Contracting for a reward leads to lower levels of creativity

Hennesey, B. A. (1989). The effect of extrinsic constraints on children’s creativity while using a computer. Creativity Research Journal, 2, 151-168

Kruglanski, A. W., Friedman, I., & Zeevi, G. (1971). The effects of intrinsic incentives on some qualitative aspects of performance. Journal of Personality, 39, 606-617

McGraw, K. O, & McCullers, J. C. (1979). Evidence of a detrimental effect of extrinsic incentives on breaking a mental set. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15, 285-294

Avoid external evaluation (4/6)

Reward and recognition that confirm competence (creative performance)

are synergistic to intrinsic factors- and therefore increase creativity

No reward/recognition for output

Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, Plenum

Eisenberger, R., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Incremental effects of reward on creativity, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 728-741

Avoid external evaluation (5/6)

Positive evaluation prior to a performance

has negative effects on creativity

Bartis, S., Szymanski, K., & Harkins, S. G. (1988). Evaluation and performance: A two-edged knife. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 242-251Berglas, S., Amabile, T. M., & Handel, M. (1981). Effects of evaluation on children’s artistic creativity. Unpublished manuscript, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA

Amabile, T. M., Goldfarb, P., & Brackfield, S. (1990). Social influences on creativity: Evaluation, coaction, and surveillance. Creativity Research Journal, 3, 6-21

Avoid external evaluation (6/6)

Gain reward (winning) diminishes creativity

Non-gain (avoid losing) increases creativity

Friedman, R. S. (2009). Reinvestigating the effects of promised reward on creativity, Creativity Research Journal, 21, 258-264

Avoid person focus

Factors that are work/task focused rather than person-focused

are positively related to creativity

Runco, M. A., & Chand, I. (1995). Cognition and creativity. Educational Psychology Review, 7, 243-267

Sternberg, R. J. and Lubart, T. I. (1996). Investing in creativity, American Psychologist, 51, 677-688

Create task focus

Creative insights arise when people are focused on a particular problem,

thus not focused on themselvesor any other factor around

Kaplan, C. A. & Simon, H. A. (1990). In search for insight. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 374-419

Bowers, K. S., Regehr, G., Balthazard, C., & Parker, K. (1990). Intuition in the context of discovery. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 72-109

Sleep, thirst, food...

Self-actualized creativity is the spontaneous expression of the person

whose basic needs have been satisfied

Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ, Van Nostrand Reinhold

Keep it simple and short

A highly intrinsically motivated state is achieved when

people are engaged in an activity where the challenges match their level of skills

Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Csikszentmihalyi, I. S. (Eds.). (1988). Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness. Cambridge University Press

Tools formotivation

Please sit down

Task focus

No personal introduction- but replaced by other kinds of introduction

Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University

Task focus

Never focus on the participants...

- background- education

- work experience- personal preferences

etc.

Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg

university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University

Task focus

Never focus on the participants...

NEVER SAY: “You are an economist, so...”NEVER SAY: “You are a sailor, so...”

NEVER SAY: “You have tried this before, so...”

Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg

university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University

Task focus

Make the task at hand fill as much as possible

- Put it on the wall- Write it down in front of you (leave it on the

table)

Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University

Task focus

Make the task at hand fill as much as possible

- Remove any artifact that reminds of previous tasks

- Only bring in artifacts WHEN they are needed

Byrge, C. (2010). Conceptualisation of creativity practices through action research: The case of the creative platform at aalborg

university, PhD thesis, Aalborg University