module 5th cycle

8/19/2019 Module 5th Cycle

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Tell me about your body

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A VOCABULARY: Write the name of each organ. Then do the crossword.

1 9 10

P 12 11

A

R 5

O 7

4 TI

D

G 8

L 3

A

N

D

2 S U B L I N G U A L G L A N D

6

1. PAROTID GLAND

2. SUBLINGUAL GLAND

3. ______________________________

4. ______________________________

5. ______________________________

6. ______________________________

7. ______________________________

8. ______________________________

9. ______________________________

10. ______________________________

11. ______________________________

12. ______________________________


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B WORD POWER: Complete the statements with one of the words from the picture.

1. ______________________________: It’s a large organ located above and in front of the stomach. It filters toxins

from the blood, and makes bile (which breaks down fats) and some blood proteins.

2. ______________________________: It’s a sack-like, muscular organ that is attached to the esophagus. When food

enters it, it is churned in an acid bath.

3. ______________________________: It’s a small, sac-like organ located by the duodenum. It stores and releases bile

(a digestive chemical which is produced in the liver) into the small intestine.

4. ______________________________: It’s an enzyme-producing gland located below the stomach and above the

intestines. Enzymes from it help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the small intestine. It

produces insulin.

5. ______________________________: It’s the first part of the digestive system, where food enters the body. Chewing

and salivary enzymes in it are the beginning of the digestive process (breaking down the food).

6. ______________________________: It’s the long tube between the mouth and the stomach. It uses rhythmic muscle

movements (called peristalsis) to force food from the throat into the stomach.

7. ______________________________: It’s the long, thin winding tube that food goes through after it leaves the

stomach. It absorbs nutrients.

8. ______________________________: It’s the long, wide tube that food goes through after it goes through the small

intestine. It absorbs water and salts.

9. ______________________________: It’s the opening at the end of the digestive system from which feces exit the

body.

10. ______________________________: I t’s the soft part in the mouth that moves around, used for tasting, swallowing,

speaking, etc.


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C READING CLOZE: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

wastetonguesystemswallowstomach

small intestinesaliva

rectumpharynxmouthliverliquids

large intestinefood

esophagusenergydigestionchewedacid

absorbed

All animals need to eat 1______________ to get 2____________ to live.

But in order to use this food, they have to break it down in a process

called 3__________________. And so, all animals have a group of

connected organs called the digestive 4__________________.

In humans, the process of digestion begins in the 5_____________

where food is 6________________ into small pieces by the teeth. The

7_______________ helps by moving these pieces around. These pieces

are covered by 8________________, or spit. The saliva makes the

food slippery so that it is easier to 9_______________. It also helps tobreak down the food.

Once the food is swallowed, it passes through the 10_______________, which is like a gate that sends

food into the 11______________ and air into the lungs. The food travels down the esophagus and into

the 12______________. Once in the stomach the food is mixed with 13_____________ and crushed

some more.

After spending some time in the stomach, the food is sent into the 14________________________

where nutrients are 15______________. The 16_____________ helps by producing some digestive

juices called bile. Next, the remaining food goes into the 17_________________________where the

18_______________are absorbed. The remaining food is called 19_________________ and it is pushed

into the 20________________ where it waits before leaving the body.


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URINARY SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Label the picture and then complete the statements with one of the words fromthe picture.

1. _______________________ It is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the genitals for removal out of the

body. In males, it travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, it is shorter and

emerges above the vaginal opening.

2. _______________________ It is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by

urination. It is a muscular and distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. It collects the urine via the

ureters and exits it via the urethra.

3. _______________________ They are an essential part of the urinary system. They regulate electrolytes,

maintain the acid-base balance, and regulate the blood pressure. They serve the body as a natural filter of the

blood, and remove wastes which are diverted to the urinary bladder. They excrete wastes such as urea and

ammonium. They also reabsorb water, glucose, and amino acids, and produce hormones including calcitriol,

renin, and erythropoietin.

4. _______________________ They are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder


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B WORD POWER: Write the number of each organ next to the correct word or words. Thenhighlight the words in the word search puzzle.

R E N R E N A L P E L V I S A L S O S

E A D R E N A L I N E K Y D N Y O S ID D R E N A L L A M A U R I R N A R V

D R E N A L A R T E R Y R E N O L A L

A E S T U L A R G E I N T E S T I N E

L N A A R T H E R Y U R E N A R E N P

B A N A L I Z A W O A D R I N A L O I

Y L T A R T H E E C U A D O R Q U I S

R G O R I R E R A D A U R E T H R A A

A L S I N E V I L L Y E H E M E N O T

N A E C A V L O R O T R U J I L L O R

I N F E R I O R V E N A C A V A O S OR D R L I L A S R E N A C E R E N L A

U E A V I L L U D E L P A D R E E N L

R N N I S E I E X I L O P H O N E S A

Y T C D A S N I E V C A I L I O T E N

N I I A N O S A K M U C H A C H A S I

A H U M A N U R I N A R Y S Y S T E M

R S A I N U W R D L E D S O R G E N O

I T D S E E R T N C O N G O E N E L D

B S A C A S A R E N A L V E I N E I B

L A D D E R U R Y N O R Y B L O D E A

Adrenal Gland

Human Urinary System

Inferior Vena Cava

Kidney

Renal Artery and Renal Vein

Renal Pelvis

Ureter

Urethra

Abdominal Aorta

Iliac Artery and Iliac Vein

Large Intestine

Liver

Pelvis

Urinary Bladder

1

9

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Urinary_system.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Urinary_system.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Urinary_system.svg


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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Write the name of each organ. Then do the crossword.

9 7

5 11

3

1

10

4

2

8

6

1 ………………………………………………..

2………………………………………………..

3………………………………………………..

4………………………………………………..

5………………………………………………..

6………………………………………………..

7………………………………………………..

8………………………………………………..

9………………………………………………..

10………………………………………………..

11………………………………………………..

3


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Pharynx Ribs Trachea

Larynx Lungs Nose

Bronchi Diaphragm Heart

B WORD POWER: Complete the statements with one of the words below.

1. _________________________They’re the essential respiration organ in an organism. They are located

in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the

atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the

atmosphere.

2. _________________________They’re any of the curved bones that are connected to the spine and

surround the chest.

3. _________________________It’s the soft area at the top of the throat where the passages to the nose

and mouth connect with the throat.

4. _________________________It’s the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. Its shape is

determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which

separates the nostrils.

5. _________________________It’s the primary muscle of inspiration. It is a thin, dome-shaped sheet of

muscle that inserts into the lower ribs. When it contracts, it pushes downward and spreads out,

increasing the vertical dimension of the chest cavity and driving up abdominal pressure.

6. _________________________It’s the organ in the left side of the chest that pumps blood around the

body.

7. _________________________It’s the bony tube that connects the nose and mouth to the lungs, and

flows air into the lungs.

8. _________________________It’s commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of an organism

involved in protecting the trachea and sound production. It manipulates pitch and volume. It houses

the vocal folds, which are an essential component of phonation.

9. _________________________It’s a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the

lungs. It branches into smaller tubes which in turn become bronchioles. No gas exchange takes place

in this part of the lungs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_tracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_tract


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trachea vapor yawn bronchi

pharynx respiratory sneeze inhale

lungs mouth oxygen nose

carbon dioxide cough diaphragm hiccup

air blood exhale

C READING CLOZE: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

All animals need 1________________ to make energy from food.

We get this oxygen from the 2_____________ that we breathe.

In order to get the oxygen into the blood where it can be

transported to the rest of the body, the air travels through a

system of organs called the 3_______________ system.

When you 4________________, air enters the body through the

5_______________ or the 6____________. From there it passes

through the 7______________, which forces air into the

8_______________ and food into the esophagus. The air travels down the trachea into two branching

tubes called 9________________ and then on into the 10________________.

In the lungs oxygen from the air enters the 11_______________. At the same time, the waste gas

12____________________ leaves the blood and then leaves the body when you 13___________________.

Some 14__________________ also leaves the body when you exhale, which is why mirrors get foggy

when you breathe on them. The 15______________ is the muscle that controls the lungs.

It is important to keep the respiratory system clear so oxygen can keep flowing into your body. If

something gets in your nose and irritates it, you 16___________________. If something gets in your

trachea or bronchi and irritates it, you 17_________________. If something irritates your diaphragm,

you 18_________________. Finally, if the brain thinks you are not getting enough oxygen, then it forces

you to 19_________________.


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Lic. Iván Cerna Reyes 10

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Write the number of each organ next to the correct word or

words.

____Jugular Vein

____Carotid Artery

____ Superior Vena Cava

____ Renal Vein

____ Renal Artery

____ Pulmonary Vein

____ Pulmonary Artery

____ Mesenteric Arteries

____ Inferior Vena Cava

____ Iliac Vein

____ Iliac Artery

____ Hepatic Vein

____ Hepatic Portal Vein

____ Aorta

4


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11 Lic. Iván Cerna Reyes

B WORD POWER - THE HEART: Label the human heart.

C READING COMPREHENSION: Read the following text and then answer the

questions that follow.

The heart is the organ that helps supply blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. It is divided by a

partition or septum into two halves, and the halves are in turn divided into four chambers. The heart is

situated within the chest cavity and surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the pericardium. This amazing

muscle produces electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract, pumping blood throughout the body.

The heart and the circulatory system together form the cardiovascular system.

- The heart has four chambers two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers).

- The heart wall is made up of the Epicardium (the outer layer), Myocardium (the muscular middle

layer) and the Endocardium (the inner layer).

_____Aorta _____Aortic Valve

_____Inferior Vena Cava _____Left Atrium

_____Left Ventricle _____Mitral Valve

_____Pulmonary Artery _____Pulmonary Valve

_____Pulmonary Vein _____Right Atrium

_____Right Ventricle _____Superior Vena Cava

_____Tricuspid Valve


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- The Cardiac Conduction is the rate at which the heart conducts electrical impulses. The following

structures play an important role in causing the heart to contract: Atrioventricular Bundle (bundle

of fibers that carry cardiac impulses), Atrioventricular Node (a section of nodal tissue that delays

and relays cardiac impulses), Purkinje Fibers (fiber branches that extend from the atrioventricular

bundle) and Sinoatrial Node (a section of nodal tissue that sets the rate of contraction for the heart).

- The Cardiac Cycle is the sequence of events that occurs when the heart beats. Below are the two

phases of the cardiac cycle: Diastole Phase (the heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills withblood) and Systole Phase (the ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries).

- The heart also has four valves, which are flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one

direction. Below are the four valves of the heart: Aortic Valve (prevents the back flow of blood as it

is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta), Mitral Valve (prevents the back flow of blood as it is

pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle), Pulmonary Valve (prevents the back flow of

blood as it is pumped from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery) and Tricuspid Valve

(prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle).

1. How many chambers does the human heart contain?

a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5

2. The fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart is called the…

a) Myocardium b) Pericardium c) Ventricle d) Septum

3. The audible sounds referred as the ‘lub-dupp’ sounds) that can be heard from the heart are made

by the heart.

a) Nodes b) Ventricles c) Atria d) Valves

4. Which of the following is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart?

a) Sinoatrial Node b) Purkinje Fibers c) Endocardium d) Atrioventricular Node

5. It helps supply blood and oxygen to all parts of the body.

a) Heart b) Coronary Artery c) Endocardium d) Pericardium

6. It happens when the heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood.

a) Systole b) Diastole c) Circulation d) Pumping

7. It prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

a) Aortic Valve b) Tricuspid Valve c) Mitral Valve d) Pulmonary Valve

8. It prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

a) Aortic Valve b) Tricuspid Valve c) Mitral Valve d) Pulmonary Valve


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SKELETAL SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Use the words from each list to label the bones on the diagram.

______Carpals

______Cervical Vertebra

______Clavicle

______Coccyx

______Cranium

______Femur

______Fibula

______Humerus

______Mandible

______Maxilla

______Metacarpals

______Metatarsals

______Patella

______Pelvic Girdle

______Phalanges

______Phalanges

______Radius

______Rib

______Sternun

______Tarsals

______Tibia

______Ulna

5


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B READING CLOZE: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

tendon

skeleton

skeletal

shape

ribcage

protect

move

minerals

marrow

ligaments

jellyfish

cranium

bones

blood

There are around 206 1________________ in the

adult human body. These bones plus the connecting

tissue make up the 2_______________ system.

The skeletal system is very important for many

reasons. Some bones help 3_____________ our

organs. The 4_____________, for example, protects

our brains and the 5________________ protects

our lungs.

The skeletal system also gives us our 6_______________. Without a 7______________,

we would be shapeless blobs like a 8______________ or an earthworm. Our bones, which

are connected by 9______________, provide a frame for the rest of the organs, giving us

our unique body shape.

The skeletal system also helps us 10______________. Muscles, which are attached to

bones by 11_______________, cause the bones to move, which makes our bodies move.

Bones also help your body store 12________________ such as calcium. If there is too

much calcium in the blood, some of it becomes bone. If there is not enough calcium, then

the bones give some to the blood.

Finally, another important function of bones is to produce 13________________. Inside

bones there is a soft substance called 14________________, which is used to make blood

cells.


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C WORD POWER: Find the skeletal system words below in the grid to the

left.

Across

4. The place where two bones meet.

5. The triangle shaped bone in your upper back.

8. The bone that holds your lower teeth.

10. The substance inside a bone that makes

blood cells.

13. The bone that protects your brains.

15. The bone in your shoulders.

16. One of the lower leg bones.

17. Your backbone.

18. The upper arm bone, your funny bone.

Down

1. Something that joins muscles to bone.

2. One of the bones in your spine.

3. Something that joins bone to bone.

6. One of the lower leg bones.

7. The largest bone in the human body.

9. The bone in the center of the chest between

the ribs.

11. The collection of bones that protect your

lungs.

12. One of the forearm bones.

14. One of the forearm bones.

1 2

3

4

5

6 7

8 9

10 11

12 13 14

15

16

17 18


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MUSCULAR SYSTEM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A READING COMPREHENSION: Read the text.

The muscular system produces movement. There are over 600 different muscles in your body. Muscles

cover the skeleton. They also line the walls of some organs, such as the heart and stomach. Tendons attach

muscles to bone.

Muscles can be voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are the ones that you can control. You can

tell them when to move. Most voluntary muscles are attached to bones. Involuntary muscles, like those of

the heart, move without your having to think about them. The muscles that control your eyelids may

seem like voluntary muscles. You can blink your eyes when you want to. However, you cannot keep your

eyes from blinking when they need to! You do not have complete control over them.

Muscles cause movement by contracting or getting shorter and firmer. This action pulls on the bones or

other body structures. Muscles move the blood through your body.

They also move food and wastes through your body. Muscle tone is achieved through exercise. If a person

has good muscle tone, the muscles do not completely relax. They are always slightly contracted. For you

to have good muscle tone, plenty of blood needs to reach the muscle cells. This requires exercise.

There are three types of muscles in the body. Each type of muscle cell looks different. The smooth muscles

are long and thin and pointed at each end. The stomach has smooth muscle cells. Cardiac muscles make

up the heart. They branch out and weave together. Skeletal muscles are long and shaped like cylinders

(similar to straws). Unlike the other muscle cells, the skeletal muscle cells have many nuclei. The tongue

and lips are skeletal muscles, as are the biceps and triceps in your arms.

B MUSCULAR SYSTEM: Match each description with the correct word.

______ 1. Muscles that make up the heart. A. Tendons

______ 2. Muscles over which you have complete control. B. Involuntary

______ 3. What muscles do to cause movement? C. Contract

______ 4. Necessary for muscle tone. D. Cardiac

______ 5. Muscle cells with many nuclei. E. Exercise

______ 6. Attach muscles to bone. F. Skeletal

______ 7. Muscles that move without conscious effort. G. Voluntary

6


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C VOCABULARY: Identify and label each letter with the correct muscle group.

_______Sternocleidomastoid

_______Rectus femoris

_______Sartorius

_______Tibialis anterior

_______Deltoid

_______Soleus

_______Trapezius

_______Rectus abdominis

_______Gastrocnemius

_______Biceps brachii

_______Pectoralis major

_______Semitendinosus

_______Gluteus maximus

_______Biceps femoris

_______Latissimus dorsi

_______Triceps

_______Achilles tendon

_______Gastrocnemius

_______Trapezius

_______Deltoid

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I


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Vagina Wrist Palm Penis

Shin Toe Mouth Navel

Neck Nose Head Heel

Knee Leg Eyes Finger

Foot Groin Cheek Chest

Ears Elbow Abdomen Arm

Breast Calf

I feel really sick! HUMAN BODY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Label the parts of the human body. Use the words from the box.

1 ----------------------------

2 ----------------------------

3 ----------------------------

4 ----------------------------

5----------------------------

6----------------------------

7----------------------------

8----------------------------

9----------------------------

10--------------------------

11--------------------------

12--------------------------

13--------------------------

14--------------------------

15--------------------------

16-------------------------

17-------------------------

18-------------------------

19-------------------------

20-------------------------

21-------------------------

22-------------------------

23-------------------------

24-------------------------

25-------------------------

26-------------------------


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AILMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Match the signs or symptoms to the correct picture .

1 …………………………………………………………….. 2 ……………………………………….. 3 …………………………………………………

4 …………………………………………. 5 ………………………………………………………………………. 6 …………………………………….

B WRITING: Now write a sentence for each picture. Remember to use a capital letter and a full stop.

1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………

2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………

3 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………

4 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………

5 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………

6 ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………

A headache Head lice A rash

A sore throat A temperature A stomach ache

2


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C WORD POWER: Answer the questions. Work with a partner.

A: What’s wrong? A: What’s wrong? A: What’s wrong? B: He has a backache. B: ___________________. B: __________________.

A: What’s wrong? A: What’s wrong? A: What’s wrong? B: __________________. B: _________________. B: _________________________.

A: What’s wrong? A: What’s wrong? A: What’s wrong? B: _______________________. B: ___________________________. B: _________________________.

A: What’s wrong? A: What’s wrong? A: What’s wrong? B: ___________________________. B: __________________. B: ___________________________


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D VOCABULARY: Match the ailments to the correct pictures. Then write sentences.

___Bruise ___ Toothache ___Backache ___Earache

___Burn ___Stomach ache ___Cut ___Sore throat

___Fever ___Cough ___High blood pressure ___Cold

___Sprained ankle ___Dizziness ___Rash ___Headache

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16


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E WORD POWER: Find out the right answers. Then do the crossword .

1. It’s a blue, brown or purple mark that appears on the skin after somebody has fallen, been hit, etc.

2. It’s a common illness that affects the nose and/or throat; making you cough, sneeze, etc.

3. It’s a continuous pain in the back.

4. It’s a continuous pain in the head.

5. It’s a medical condition in which a person has a temperature that is higher than normal.

6. It’s a pain in or near your stomach.

7. It’s a pain in your teeth or in one tooth.

8. It’s a pain in your throat, especially very painful, red and swollen.

1

15

3

13 4 10

12

8

5

2 16 11

14

7

9

6

9. It’s a pain inside the ear.

10. It’s an area of red spots on a person's skin, caused by an illness or a reaction to something.

11. It’s an illness or infection that makes you force out air suddenly and noisily through your throat.

12. It’s an injured joint in your body, especially your ankle, by suddenly twisting it.

13. It’s an injury or a mark caused by fire, heat or acid.

14. It’s an opening or a wound, especially with a sharp tool such as a knife or scissors.

15. It’s the blood pressure that is higher than is normal.

16. It’s the feeling as if everything is spinning around you and that you are not able to balance.


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AILMENTS AND REMEDIES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A LISTENING: Listen and circle what the medical condition is. Then match them to theright remedies.

1. What’s wrong?

Sore hands Sore Feet Sore throat

2. What’s wrong?

Stomachache Headache Backache

3. What’s wrong?

Heart attack Insomnia Anorexia

4. What’s wrong?

Burned face Burned arm Burned hand

________He should drink some herbal tea.________He should put on some ointment.________She should put on some cream and place a bandage over it.________She should take some pills.

3


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MALARIA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A PRE-READING: Identify and name the pictures. Use the words below.

1………………………………… 2 …………………………………… 3 …………………………………

4………………………………… 5 …………………………………… 6 …………………………………

7………………………………… 8 …………………………………… 9 …………………………………

Anti-malaria drugs Headache High fever

Liver Malaria victim Profuse perspiration

Red blood cells Repeated attacks of shaking The Anopheles mosquito

4


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Malaria, though not getting as much publicity as cancer or AIDS, is nonetheless the world's major infectious

disease. There are about a hundred million cases of malaria each year and more than two million die of the

disease.

The disease is caused by a parasite known as Plasmodium which is carried by the female anopheles mosquito.

When the infected mosquito bites a person, the parasite enters the bloodstream and quickly invades the liver.

There it begins to divide. It then goes into the red blood cells and multiplies quickly. The symptoms of the

disease are then felt by the victim. Such symptoms include repeated attacks of shaking, high fever, headache

and profuse perspiration. Travelers to malaria infected countries are required to take anti-malaria drugs to

safeguard themselves.

Our government is very concerned with the problem of mosquito-breeding in Singapore. Mosquitoes not only

spread malaria but also cause dengue fever, another dangerous disease that has claimed many lives in the past

few years.

We must do our part to get rid of mosquitoes to minimize the risk of being infected with such diseases.

Mosquitoes need only a little stagnant water to lay and develop their eggs. Water left standing in our plant pot

holders, flower vases and pails; roof gutters and drains clogged with leaves all serve as ideal breeding grounds

for them.

Unless and until all of us make a conscious effort to solve the problem of mosquito breeding, the danger of

contacting malaria or dengue fever will always be present.

B

POST-READING: Read the text and answer the questions:

1. What is malaria?

2. How is it spread?

3. What happens when an infected mosquito bites a person?

4. When does the parasite multiply?

5. Which word used in the passage means the same as signs ?

6. What are some of the symptoms of malaria?

7. What must tourists do before they visit malaria infected countries?

8. Why are mosquitoes regarded as pests?

9. What is an ideal mosquito breeding ground?

10. How can we help to prevent mosquitoes from breeding?


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CHLAMYDIA INFECTION -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A READING COMPREHENSION: Read the text.

It comes from the Greek word, χλαμύδα meaning "cloak". It is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in

humans caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The term Chlamydia infection can also refer toinfection caused by any species belonging to the bacterial family Chlamydiaceae. C. trachomatis is found only in

humans. Chlamydia is a major infectious cause of human genital and eye disease. Chlamydia infection is one of

the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide.

C. trachomatis is naturally found living only inside human cells. Chlamydia can be transmitted during vaginal,

anal, or oral sex, and can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. Between half

and three-quarters of all women who have a chlamydia infection of the neck of the womb (cervicitis) have no

symptoms and do not know that they are infected. In men, infection of the urethra (urethritis) is usually

symptomatic, causing a white discharge from the penis with or without pain on urinating (dysuria).

Occasionally, the condition spreads to the upper genital tract in women (causing pelvic inflammatory disease) or

to the epididymis in men (causing epididymitis). If untreated, chlamydial infections can cause serious

reproductive and other health problems with both short-term and long-term consequences.

Chlamydia conjunctivitis or trachoma is a common cause of blindness.

B CHLAMYDIA INFECTION: Check whether the statements are true or false.

1. Chlamydia Infection isn’t found in human beings. T F

2. It is a contagious disease. T F

3. It is a major infectious cause of the whole human body. T F

4. It can’t be transmitted if you have safe sex. T F

5. It can’t be transmitted during childbirth. T F

6. 95 % of women don’t know that they have Chlamydia Infection. T F

7. Chlamydia in men is asymptomatic. T F

8. Chlamydia Conjunctivitis can cause blindness. T F

9. Urethritis is the inflammation of the ureters. T F

C CHLAMYDIA INFECTION: Complete with a right word from the text:

1. It is when you cannot see. ________________

2. It is the inflammation of the epididymis. ________________

3. It is a kind of pain when you urinate. ________________

4. It is the inflammation of the urethra. ________________

5. It is the inflammation of the cervix. ________________

6. It is the process of giving birth to a child. ________________

4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydiaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydiaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydiaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_intercoursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_intercoursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_intercoursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervicitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervicitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervicitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysuriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysuriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysuriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_inflammatory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_inflammatory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_inflammatory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctivitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctivitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctivitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindnesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctivitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_inflammatory_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysuriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervicitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_intercoursehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydiaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek


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MEDICAL CONDITIONS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A READING: Match the disease to the correct definitions.

1. _____________________It is a disease of the liver. There are several kinds of it, the most common are A, B and

C. Most cases of it are caused by viruses. It can also be caused by alcohol. About one in four people who drink

more than three alcoholic drinks a day, (over a period of 10-15 days) will have some form of it caused by

alcohol. Various drugs and chemicals can also cause it, most notably Paracetamol (overdose), yellow

phosphorous, and others. It may also be caused by other diseases.

2. _____________________It is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either

because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is

produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia

(increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger). There are three main types of it: Type 1, Type 2 andGestational.

3. _____________________It is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal

increase of white blood cells. It is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases. In turn, it is part of the even

broader group of diseases called hematological neoplasms. Clinically and pathologically, it is subdivided into a

variety of large groups.

4. _____________________It is also known as TB (short for tubercles bacillus). It is a common and often deadly

infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium TB in humans. It usually

attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have

the disease cough, sneeze, or spit. The classic symptoms are a chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum, fever,

night sweats, and weight loss.

5. _____________________It is commonly known as a heart attack, is the interruption of blood supply to a part of

the heart, causing heart cells to die. This is most commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery

following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable collection of lipids (fatty

acids) and white blood cells (especially macrophages) in the wall of an artery. The resulting ischemia (restriction

in blood supply) and oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficient period of time, can cause damage or death

(infarction) of heart muscle tissue (myocardium).

6. _____________________It is generally defined as inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood flow to meet

the body's needs. Common causes of it include myocardial infarction (heart attacks) and other forms of ischemic

heart disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. It can cause a number of symptoms

including shortness of breath (typically worse when lying flat, which is called orthopnea), coughing, chronic

venous congestion, ankle swelling, and exercise intolerance.

Hepatitis Diabetes Myocardial InfarctionHeart Failure Tuberculosis Leukemia

5

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_Chttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virushttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drughttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemicalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamolhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdosehttp://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phosphorous&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coughhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_sweatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_sweatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coughhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacteriumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_diseasehttp://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phosphorous&action=edit&redlink=1http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdosehttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamolhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemicalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drughttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virushttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_Chttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver


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B

WORD POWER: Match the picture to the correct disease from the previous exercise.


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I am a healthy person! HEALTH ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Label the pictures.

1……………….………. 2 ………………….……………… 3 …………………………………………………. 4 ……………………..……………….

5 ………………………………………..………… 6 ………………………………….…… 7 ……………………….……………….………………….

8 …………………………………….…… 9 ……………………..……………………..………………… 10 ………………..……………………

11 ……………….………………………………………. 12 ………………………..………..……………………


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B WORD POWER - FOOD ITEMS: Give examples related to the items.

C WORD POWER: Classify the words in two groups.

Salad Hamburguer

Beer Yogourt

Wheat Candies

Rum Milk

Toast Icecream

Soda Rice

Chocolate Cheese

Wine Bananas

Strawberries French fries

Carrots Vodka

Cereals Dairy Products Desserts Alcoholic Beverages

Beverages Fish & Seafood FruitVegetables

Healthy Food

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

Unhealthy Food

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….

…………………….


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HEALTHY EATING DURING PREGNANCY -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A READING COMPREHENSION: Scan the reading passage, and then answer the questions that follow.

FOLIC ACID is also called: Folacin, Folate, Pteroylglutamic acid, Vitamin B9. Folic acid is a B vitamin. It helps the

body make healthy new cells. Everyone needs folic acid. For women who may get pregnant, it is really

important. When a woman has enough folic acid in her body before and during pregnancy, it can prevent majorbirth defects of her baby's brain or spine.

Foods with folic acid in them include leafy green vegetables, fruits (bananas, pineapples, grapefruit and

oranges), dried beans, pulses, peas, lentils and nuts. Enriched breads, cereals (whole grains) and other grain

products also contain folic acid as well as milk, yogurt, yeast (marmite) and malt extracts. If you don't get enough folic acid from the foods

you eat, you can also take it as a dietary supplement.

B VOCABULARY: Which ones contain folic acid? Cross the foods with folic acid.

C QUESTIONNAIRE: Answer the following questions.

a. What is folic acid?

b. Who is it really important for?

c. What does it prevent?

d. Where can you find it?

e. How can you take it if you don’t get it in your diet?

2

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/neuraltubedefects.htmlhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dietarysupplements.htmlhttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.fondospantallagratis.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/racimo_de_bananas.jpghttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dietarysupplements.htmlhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/neuraltubedefects.html


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HEALTHY CHECKS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A VOCABULARY: Match the correct words to the correct picture.

1. ………………………………….……………… 2. ………………………………………………… 3. ………………………………………

4. ………………………………………………… 5. ……………………………………….………… 6. ………………….……………………

B WORD POWER: Complete the sentences with one of the words from exercise A.

1. ___________________________The process of cutting open a part of a person's body in order to remove or repair a damaged

part.

2. ___________________________A close look at somebody, especially to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a

problem.

3. ___________________________To get an image of a part of somebody's body on a computer by passing a beam of X-RAYS,

ULTRASOUND waves or ELECTROMAGNETIC waves over it in a special machine.

4. ___________________________A photograph made by X-rays, especially one showing bones or organs in the body.

5. ___________________________An examination of a small amount of your blood by doctors in order to make judgments about

your medical condition.

Blood test X-ray ScanOperation Eyes test Examination

3


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MEDICINES TO BE HEALTHY -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A WORD POWER: Everyone knows what medicines are for - to make you feel better when you are sick.

B READING: Complete the paragraphs below with ‘The Brand Name’ or ‘The Generic Name’.

Each medicine has an approved name called ___________________. These names do not change. A group of medicines that

work in a similar way often have similar sounding this name. For example, penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin are the names

for a group of antibiotics.

Many medicines also have one or more _________________________. These names are chosen by the company that makes it.Several companies may make the same medicine, each with their own name. A product from the same company may also be

called by different names in different countries.

C VOCABULARY Complete the table below.

GENERIC MEDICINES WHAT IS IT FOR? BRAND MEDICINES

4


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D READING CLOZE: Complete the paragraphs with the words in bold.

There are three broad categories of medicines Prescription Medicines, Complementary Medicines and Over-The-Counter Medicines.

___________________________You can only purchase them if you have them from your doctor. Examples of these include contraceptive pills,antibiotics and s trong painkillers.

___________________________They include cough and cold products, mouthwash and sunscreen. You don’t need a prescription to obtain theseproducts. Some of them can only be purchased from a pharmacy, and many are also available from supermarkets and health food shops.

___________________________They (also known as 'traditional' or 'alternative' medicines) include vitamin, mineral, herbal, aromatherapy,hydrotherapy, acupuncture, physiotherapy and homoeopathic products. These products are available without a prescription.

E VOCABULARY - DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDICINES: Label the pictures.

Medicine looks like:

1. ……………………………………..

2. ……………………………………..

3. ……………………………………..

4. ……………………………………..

5. ……………………………………..

6. ……………………………………..

7. ……………………………………..

8. ……………………………………..

9. ……………………………………..

10. ……………………………………..

11. …………………………………….

12. …………………………………….

13. …………………………………….

14. …………………………………….

15. ..…………………………………..

1 2

4

6


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F READING CLOZE: 5 Complete the paragraphs with a proper word.

1. ____________________This is the most common way of taking medicines. The medicine is swallowed and passes from

the stomach or intestine into the bloodstream and is carried to all parts of the body.

2. ____________________Medicines may be put into a person using a syringe to produce an effect on the entire

body. Medicines are often put in this way when people are unable to take medicines by mouth (or other routes into

the body are inconvenient or inappropriate), when a very rapid effect is needed or for medicines that aren't

absorbed well when given orally.

There are several ways of injecting medicines: Intramuscular (IM), Intravenous (IV) and Subcutaneous (SC)

___________________: the medicine is injected directly into the bloodstream, usually via a vein near the surface of the body

(e.g. in the hand). Medicines injected in this way enter the bloodstream directly and reach their site of action almost

immediately (e.g. anesthetics).

___________________: the medicine is injected just beneath the skin. Medicines that are inactivated by the stomach acid or

medicines that need to be absorbed slowly may be injected in this way (e.g. insulin).

___________________: the medicine is injected into muscle, usually the thigh, upper arm or the buttock. These kinds of

injections provide a very steady level of absorption and are used, for example, for antibiotics such as penicillin.

3. ____________________: the lower end of the large intestine (rectum) that leads to the anus will

absorb many medicines. The medicine passes through the cells lining the rectum and into the bloodstream.

This method is useful for people who are unable to take medicines by mouth, such as those suffering from

nausea and vomiting. Suppositories and enemas are given in this way.

4. ____________________: medicines that are applied directly to the part of the body which is being treated, e.g.

the skin, eyes, ears or nose are called topical medicines. Various types of these preparations are available,

including:

- creams - ointments

- lotions - suppositories- ear, eye & nasal drops - sticky patches, e.g. hormone & nicotine patches

1. ____________________: medicines may be breathed in through the mouth or nose to produce a rapid

effect on the lungs and airways (e.g. asthma inhalers and nebulizer solutions for chronic airway disease). Some

medicines which have an effect on the whole body (e.g. general anesthetics) may also be inhaled. Migraine

medicines and medicines used to relieve nasal congestion may also be given by a nasal spray, to provide rapid

relief of symptoms.

To icall – Rectall – B in ection – B inhalation – B mouth


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COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINES -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A READING COMPREHENSION: Do you see a doctor or do you try other healing forms when you are ill?Why / Why not? Match the pictures to the correct healing forms.

B READING: Read and find out what the text is about.

C QUESTIONNAIRE: Which of the healing forms above?

1. Involves the injection of needles into the body at various points? ................................................................2. Can help someone who has headaches and chronic sinusitis? ................................................................3. Gives small quantities of a substance? ................................................................4. Uses the sense of touch? ................................................................5. Focuses on the balance between the body and the mind? ................................................................6. Requires plants as medicine? ................................................................7. Is used for problems with nervous system? ................................................................

Many people use alternative healing forms of health care and believe strongly that they are as effective as the system of medicalpractice. Here are some examples:

A. Acupuncture: It’s a 3000-year-old Chinese medical system. Acupuncturists insert hair-thin needles at certain points in the body totreat various diseases or to relieve pain.

B. Reflexology: It is similar to acupuncture but focuses on treating certain disorders through massage of the soles of the feet.C. Herbalism: It is the world’s oldest and most widely used healing form. Herbal ists use herbs to treat illnesses such as depression,anxiety and hypertension.D. Ayurveda: It takes a preventive approach and focuses on the whole person. It is effective especially in treating headaches and chronicsinusitis.E. Naturopathy: Proponents of naturopathy believe that the mind and body are in balance. With a healthy diet, adequate rest and minimalstress, the body’s own vital forces are sufficient to fight off diseases. F. Homeopathy: It uses doses of herbs, minerals or even poisons to stimulate the body’s curative powers. Homeopathy is based on thetheory that if large doses of a substance can cause a problem, tiny doses can help healing of that same problem.

5


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HOME CARE KIT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A PROJECT: Prepare and present an HCK.

6

module 5th cycle

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