CHAPTER 11: COORDINATION AND RESPONSE 1

1. Diagram below shows a cross section of the spinal cord. Name the parts of the spinal cord labelled as P, Q, R and S.

2. Diagram below shows two types of neurones.

(a) Identify P and Q.

P :____________________________ Q :___________________________

(b) Label P with the following terms :

Receptor cell cell body axon

(c) Label Q with the following terms :

Dendrite synaptic terminals myelin sheath

(d) Show the direction of flow of an impulse in P and Q during the transmission of an impulse from a receptor.

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3. Diagram below shows a synapse.

(a) (i) What is the role of mitochondria in a synapse?

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(ii) State two neurodegenerative diseases that are associated with the decrease in secretion of neurotransmitters.

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(b) Describe the transmission of information across a synapse.

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4. Match the following hormones to their functions.

Hormone FunctionAntidiuretic

hormone (ADH)Stimulate development of male secondary sexual characteristics and spermatogenesis.

Insulin Stimulates development of the uterine lining and formation of the placenta.

Androgens Decreases blood glucose levels and promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen.

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Prolactin Stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys.

Growth hormone Stimulates milk production and secretion from mammary glands.

Progesterone Stimulates growth, protein synthesis and fat metabolism.

5.

Diagram above shows the position of the major endocrine organs in the human body. Label the main glands of the endocrine system.

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6. The schematic diagram above shows the regulation of blood glucose level. Choose the correct answers for the empty boxes labelled as A, B, C, D and E.

Insulin also stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver and muscle cells, for storage.

Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose.

Glucagon also promotes lipid breakdown, which releases fatty acids that can be metabolized for energy.

The adipose cells use the breakdown of glucose to form fats.

Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose by liver, muscle and adipose cells, for respiration.

Normal blood glucose level

Normal blood glucose level

Blood glucose rises

Blood glucose drops

Islet cells in pancreas stimulated to secrete insulin

Islet cells in pancreas stimulated to secrete glucagon

A B C

D E

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7. Diagram above shows a part of nephron. Name the processes that occur in parts P, Q and R

P :________________________________________

Q :________________________________________

R :________________________________________

8. The diagram below shows the structure of a synapse.

(a) Name the parts labelled P-U.

P : ____________________________________

Q : ____________________________________

R : ____________________________________

S : ____________________________________

T : ____________________________________

U : ____________________________________

P

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(b) Name the chemical substances found in Q

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(c) State the importance of organelle R existing in large number in structure P.

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(d) Describe briefly how a nerve impulse crosses a synaptic cleft.

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(e) Explain why a nerve impulse is transmitted in only one direction from one neurone to the next neurone.

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9. Diagram below shows the position of some endocrine glands in a human body.

(a) Name the endocrine glands labelled L, M, N and O.

L : _______________________________________

M : _______________________________________

N : _______________________________________

O : _______________________________________

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(b) Name an endocrine gland in the human male that controls his sexual characteristics.

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(c) (i) Name the main gland in the body that controls the activities of many other endocrine glands.

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(ii) Name a hormone that is produced by the main gland that controls the secretion of gland M.

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(d) (i) Name a hormone that is secreted by gland M.

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(ii) State two functions of hormone in (d)(i)._________________________________________________________

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(e) Explain what would happen if a diet for a young child is deficient in iodine.

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10. Diagram below shows the structure of a kidney nephron.

(a) Formation of urine involves three main processes. Name these processes.

(i) ___________________________________________

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(ii) ___________________________________________

(iii) ___________________________________________

(b) (i) Name the process that occurs between the glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule.

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(ii) Describe briefly how process in (b)(i) occurs.

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(c) (i) Name two blood components found in the glomerulus but not in the filtrate.

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(ii) Suggest a reason for the component difference in (c) (i).

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(d) Why is there a difference in the chemical composition of the filtrate in the Bowman’s capsule and the filtrate in the loop of Henle? Explain your answer.

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(e) Name the organ in the human body where urea is produced.

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ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. Diagram 1(a) shows a reflex arc and Diagram 1(b) shows the regulation of glucose in the blood. Both figures illustrate coordination systems in the human body.

(i) Describe the reflex action in Diagram 1(a)

(ii) Compare the coordination system shown in Diagram1(a) and 1(b).

Diagram 1(a)

Diagram 1(b)

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2. Diagram 2 shows a ball and socket joint with tissues P, Q , R and S which are responsible for locomotion in a human.

DIAGRAM 12

Diagram 2

Based on Diagram 2 discuss how the structure and organization of P,Q,R and S produced movement at the joints.

3. A doctor is going to do a test to examine a patient’s nervous system.

S

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Diagram 3

Based on Diagram 3, describe the pathway transmission of nerve impulses to

show whether the patient’s nervous system is normal or not.

4. Diagram 4 shows the organs and glands involved in regulating the human temperature.

A student skates on an ice skating.

Based on Diagram 4, explain how regulation of the student’s body temperature occurs.

Diagram 4