module seven alcohol’s abuse and other substances’ lesson 1: alcohol (2 training hours) lesson...
TRANSCRIPT
Module SevenALCOHOL’S ABUSE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES’
Lesson 1: Alcohol (2 training hours) Lesson 2: Other substances (2 training hours) Lesson 3: Social issues (2 training
hours)
TOTAL TIME: 6 TRAINING HOURS OF 45 MINUTES
Step 1: Discussion (10΄)
Alcohol is the most popular toxic substance to man. Most of us use it for pleasure, but in some cases alcohol drinking might end to be a serious problem.
what is the secure alcohol consumption ?Specialized organizations have determined that The
limit of safe consumption is 21 degrees per week for men and 14 for women. One degree corresponds to half a pint of beer , a glass of wine, or a small glass of ouzo, liqueur or whisky.
Step 2: Slide projection (10΄)Slide 7.1.1: Some terms
Exceeding alcohol consumption
The regular consumption on daily or weekly basis that exceeds the recommended limit.
Step 2 (continued)
Disorder caused by alcohol
Any psychological, physical or social damage that derives from exceeding consumption.
Step 2 (continued)
Problematic alcohol consumption
Consumption that causes any disorders that can derive from alcohol drinking, but has not yet caused dependence on it.
Step 2 (continued)
Dependence on alcohol
A situation in which physical and mental disorders develop, when alcohol use is stopped.
Step 2 (continued)
Toxicosis Τοξίκωση
Is the intoxication, that is the situation that follows when alcohol levels in the blood exceed a certain limit.
Step 3: Brainstorming and slide projection (15΄)
What are the characteristics of a person addicted to alcohol ?
Step 3 (continued)
Slide 7.1.2: Characteristics of the dependence in alcohol
Withdrawal syndrome Trembling hands, tongue and eyelids Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Intense heart beat, perspiration, high blood pressure Fever Headache Irritability, excitement, anxiety, insomnia Temporary hallucinations or delusions
Step 3 (continued)
Tolerance
Need for increasing quantity to achieve the same outcome
Furthermore : Pressurizing need to drink Standard manner of drinking regularly Priority to drinking than to other activities Failures to quit
Step 5: Group Discussion (20΄)
Pen and paper
Which are the damages for the person from exceeding alcohol use, concerning:
His physical health, His mental health, His social life?
Step 6: Slide projection (5΄)Slide 7.1.3: Damages from alcohol abuse PhysicalIt can be an immediate effect of alcohol drinking, or an
indirect effect from malnutrition (lack of vitamins), accidents and general neglecting of oneself.
Gastric ulcer, hepatic damage Brain damage (and dementia) Peripheral neuritis with loss of sensing Anemia, heart failure In women that abuse alcohol during pregnancy, the infant
might have low weight and other abnormalities.
Step 6 (continued)
Psychiatric Anxiety Depression Aggression High possibility of committing suicide Psychosis with delusions or jealousy ideationSocial Family problems (quarrels, violence, divorce) Professional problems Illegal actions Accidents (car accidents or others)
Step 7: Theory presentation (10΄)It is essential to recognize persons that abuse
alcohol, as they tend not to reveal their alcohol problems.
The therapy is recommended to: Treatment of withdrawal syndrome Psychotherapies :
Recognizing and admitting the problem Try to quit drinking habit Keeping up the effort when it starts to give results
The existence of support groups (like Alcoholic Anonymous) has been proved efficient.
Step 1: Introduction (5΄)
The issue of other substances must be examined in a similar way to alcohol. The most extreme effects and problems are related to the dependence on these substances. There are of course a lot of addictive substances and the problems and dangers differs from one to another.
Step 2: Brainstorming (10΄)
Which substances do you know?
Opiates, f. ex. Heroine, morphine Stimulants, f ex amphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine Hallucinogens, f ex. LSD Drugs, f ex benzodiazepines, barbiturates Solutions, f ex glue and aerosol Cannabis Nicotine Caffeine
Step 3: Discussion (15΄)
Give examples of “dependence”, “tolerance”, “privation”, “toxicosis” from cases you have come across yourselves, heard or read somewhere.
Step 4: Slide projection (15΄)Slide 7.2.1: Characteristics of the most common substancesOpiates (heroine, morphine)WAY OF TAKING : ingestion, intramuscularly, intravenously,
subcutaneouslyPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT: euphoria, relaxation, dizziness,
personality change, hypo activity, loss of appetite, low libidoPHYSICAL EFFECT: constricted pupils (pinpoint), low heart rate,
itching, nausea, constipationWITHDRAWAL SYNDROME : intense desire for the substance,
uneasiness, rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, sweating/perspiration, yawning, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydrated skin
DEPENDENCE: YES
Step 4 (continued)
CocaineWAY OF TAKING : chewing, inhale through nose, smoking,
intravenous injectionPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT: Euphoria, enthusiasm,
Confusion, Paranoid psychosisPHYSICAL EFFECT: dilated pupils(constricted pupils
(pinpoint)), fear, increase heart rate,, runny nose (rhinorrhea), fever, heart respiratory attack
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME : intense desire for the substance, depression, insomnia, agitation.
DEPENDENCE: YES
Step 4 (continued)
AmphetaminesWAY OF TAKING : ingestion, intravenous injectionPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT: Euphoria,
enthusiasm, hyperactivity, irritability, hostility, Paranoid ideation, Delusions
PHYSICAL EFFECT: constricted pupils, increase heart rate, increase of reflexes
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME : sadness, unemployment
DEPENDENCE: YES
Step 4 (continued)
Hallucinogens (LSD)WAY OF TAKING : ingestionPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT: Depersonalization,
Deobjectivation, Overestimation of abilities, Anxiety, Effect ideas, low judgment ability, Psychotic characteristics, Mood swings
PHYSICAL EFFECT: red eyes, constricted pupils, ataxia, increased heart rate
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME : None
DEPENDENCE: NO
Step 4 (continued)
Cannabis (hashish, marijuana)WAY OF TAKING : smokingPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT: euphoria, relaxation, acute
perception PHYSICAL EFFECT: red eyes, dry mouth, increased heart
rate, respiratory problemsWITHDRAWAL SYNDROME : noneDEPENDENCE: YES
Step 4 (continued)
BarbituratesWAY OF TAKING : ingestionPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT: Anxiety reduce
PHYSICAL EFFECT: Repression of respiratory system, Repression of Central Nervous System
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME : Uneasiness, Insomnia, Nausea, Spasms, Delirium
DEPENDENCE: YES
Step 4 (continued)
BenzodiazepinesWAY OF TAKING : Intramuscularly, intravenously,
ingestingPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT: Anxiety reduce,
Disturbances in concentration, judgment, memoryPHYSICAL EFFECT: ataxia, Nausea, CNS repression WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME : Uneasiness, Insomnia, FearDEPENDENCE: YES
Step 4 (continued)
EcstasyWAY OF TAKING : ingestionPSYCHOLOCICAL EFFECT: Euphoria, increased
perceptions, Anxiety, Psychotic characteristicsPHYSICAL EFFECT: anorexia, increased heart
rate, jaw tension, sweating, High temperature , blood vessel thrombosis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME : NoneDEPENDENCE: NO / YES
Step 4 (continued)
Solutions (glues, aerosol)WAY OF TAKING : inhalingPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT: Euphoria followed
by apathy, rejection of Inhibitions, poor judgmentPHYSICAL EFFECT: : Sore eyes, sore throat,
rushes breathing difficulty, CNS repression, ataxia, sleepiness, peripheral neuropathy, multiple kidney failure, arrhythmias, liver and kidney damage, kidney damage, aplastic anaemia
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME : NoneDEPENDENCE : RARE
Step 5: Group Discussion (20΄)
Pen and paper
Which is the treatment to the problem of substance use and what are its results?
Step 6: Slide projection (15΄)
Slide 7.2.2: Treatment of substance usePharmacotherapies:(Methadone, Naltrexone, Klonidine, etc ) Psychotherapies. Have as a target to: Intervene in possible psychological, social,
environmental factors that persist. Increase person’s awareness. Develop alternative mechanisms of treating the
problems. Inform for the strategies of treatment of intense
desire for substance use.
Step 1: Group Conversation (20΄)
Leaflet 7.3.1: Social case
Who has the responsibility in this case?
Step 2: Role play (25΄)
Leaflet 7.3.2: Role Play
Play the roles of the father, the mother and the son.
Step 2 (continued)
How did each of the three members participated in the play role feel?
What were the thoughts made during the exercise?
Step 3: Discussion of Clinical Cases (15΄)
Leaflet 7.3.3: Clinical cases
Express your opinion for the factors that worsen the situation of the person mentioned.
Step 4: Group Discussion (20΄)Pen and paper
What can society do to face the severe problem of substance use?