monday 10-21-13 objective: understand that cells have specialized parts called organelles with...
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Monday 10-21-13Objective: understand that cells have specialized parts called organelles with specific functions; Be able to identify the structure and explain the function of each cell organelle; distinguish between plant, animal and bacteria cellsAgenda:1. Bell Ringer 11 (35R)2. Continue with cell notes ( ch.7)- (36L)3. Finish Cell/Microscope Station Rotation (32R-34R)
Reminders: Extra credit due tomorrow at the START of class; you will have a cell organelle, prokaryote/eukaryote quiz TOMORROW ( so hopefully you have been studying); vocabulary due tomorrow ( side board or todays notes)- (36R-37L); Test this Thursday ( Cell Organelles, Pro/Eu/ Homeostasis)
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Chapter 7 Unit Vocab ( due 10/22)Homeostasis, osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, positive and negative feedback loop, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, endocytosis, exocytosis, selectively permeable, passive transport, active transport
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CELL THEORY1. All living things are ________________________.
2. Cells are the basic unit of ____________ & _____________ in an organism. (cell = basic unit of _____________)
3. Cells come from the reproduction of ____________ cells
Cell image: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1a.htm
MADE OF CELLS
existing
lifeSTRUCTURE FUNCTION
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Margulis
1970-American Biologist _____________________provides evidence forthe idea thatcertain organelles within cells were oncefree-living cells themselves.
= _________________________
Lynn Margulis
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
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Evidence for Endosymbiotic theory1. Mitochondia and chloroplasts have circular_______ similar to bacteria.
2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ______________ whose size and structure resemble bacterial
ribosomes.
3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicated using _________________ like bacteria.
4. _______________________ of mitochondria and chloroplasts have a composition similar to bacterial membranes.
DNA
Binary fission
RIBOSOMES
http://www.cytochemistry.net/cell-biology/mitochondria_lifecycle_graduate.htm
INNER MEMBRANES
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All living things made of cells BUT… organisms can be very different.
UNICELLULAR
MULTICELLULAR
Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF
http://www.angelbabygifts.com/http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
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CELL SIZE
Typical cells range from: 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter
http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/gdavis/links%20100.htm
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How big is a micron ( µ ) ?http://www.talentteacher.com/pics/005cb.jpg
1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns
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MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS.
Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg
They have different kinds of cells doing different jobs
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Cells in a multi-cellular organism become SPECIALIZED by turning different genes on and off Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg
Cell Specialization =DIFFERENTIATION
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SPECIALIZED ANIMAL CELLSMuscle
cellsRed blood cells
http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/images/bloodcells3D.jpg
http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ajohnson/Cells.html
Cheek cells
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Specialized Plant cells
Guard cells
Xylem cells
Pollen
Guard cells: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/img/Botany_130/Diversity/Bryophytes/Anthoceros/Guard_cells.jpgXylem: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Secondary_Growth/Woody_Stems/Tilia_Stem/Secondary_Growth/One_Year_Stem/Primary_xylem_MC.jpgPollen: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/pollen.jpg
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________ __________ ___________ATOMS MOLECULES ORGANELLES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
Levels of Organization
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____________ ____________ CELLS TISSUES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
Similar cells working together
Levels of Organization
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___________ __________ ___________ORGANS
ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
Different tissuesworking together
Different organsworking together
Levels of Organization
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Tuesday 10-22-13
Objective: understand that cells have specialized parts called organelles with specific functions; Be able to identify the structure and explain the function of each cell organelle; distinguish between plant, animal and bacteria cells; understand how cells maintain a state of homeostasis Agenda:1. Quiz: Pro/Eukaryotes; Cell OrganellesDue: Extra Credit, Unit Vocabulary Reminder: Cell Analogy Project Due Friday; There will be a test Thursday over: cell organelle structures/functions; pro/eukaryotes; and homeostasis notes`( tomorrow). Last day to retest is Thursday 10-24
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Wednesday 10-23-13
Objective: Describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis.Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis and transport of molecules.Agenda:1. Homeostasis Notes (37R)2. Homeostasis Demonstration/Mini Lab (38L)3. Door Ticket ( 38R)-10 min- Positive and Negative Feedback Loop ExamplesReminder: Cell Analogy Project Due Friday; There will be a test Thursday over: cell organelle structures/functions; pro/eukaryotes; and homeostasis notes;
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Homeostasis
1. What does the term feedback mean?
2. What does it mean when a teacher or coach gives you feedback?
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Homeostasis• Homeostasis– maintaining internal balance in the body• organism must keep internal conditions stable even
if environment changes• also called “dynamic equilibrium”
– example: body temperature• humans:
– too cold = shiver– too warm = sweat
• lizard: – too cold = bask in sun – too warm = hide in shade
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Regulation• How we maintain homeostasis– nervous system• nerve signals control body functions
– endocrine system• hormones• chemical signals control body functions
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What mechanisms are there to cool the body down?
1. Sweating• When your body is hot, sweat glands are
stimulated to release sweat.• The liquid sweat turns into a gas (it
evaporates)• To do this, it needs heat.• It gets that heat from your skin.• As your skin loses heat, it cools down.
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What mechanisms are there to cool the body down?
2. Vasodilation Your blood carries most of the heat
energy around your body. There are capillaries underneath
your skin that can be filled with blood if you get too hot.
This brings the blood closer to the surface of the skin so more heat can be lost.
This is why you look red when you are hot!
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What mechanisms are there to warm the body up?
1. Vasoconstriction This is the opposite of vasodilation The capillaries underneath your
skin get constricted (shut off). This takes the blood away from the
surface of the skin so less heat can be lost.
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What mechanisms are there to warm the body up?
2. Piloerection This is when the hairs on your skin
“stand up” . It is sometimes called “goose
bumps” or “chicken skin”! The hairs trap a layer of air next to
the skin which is then warmed by the body heat
The air becomes an insulating layer.
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Controlling water levels
• The control of water levels is carried out by the KIDNEYS.
• It is closely linked to the excretion of urea.• Urea is a waste product that is made when the
LIVER breaks down proteins that are not needed by the body.
• Urea contains the element Nitrogen.
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Controlling Glucose levels
• Your cells also need an exact level of glucose in the blood.
• Excess glucose gets turned into glycogen in the liver
• This is regulated by 2 hormones (chemicals) from the pancreas called:
InsulinGlucagon
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2 types of feedback loops
1. Negative feedback system-correct the error2. Positive feedback system-keeps pushing error
in same direction.
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Negative Feedback• Response to changed body condition– if body is high or low from normal level • signal tells body to make changes that will bring body
back to normal level
– once body is back to normal level, signal is turned off
high
hormone 1
lowersbody condition
gland
specific body condition
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Controlling Body Temperature
high
low
nerve signals
sweat
nerve signals
brain
body temperature
shiver brain
dilates surfaceblood vessels
constricts surfaceblood vessels
Nervous System Control Feedback
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liver
pancreas
liver
Regulation of Blood Sugar
blood sugar level(90mg/100ml)
insulin
body cells takeup sugar from blood
liver storessugar
reducesappetite
glucagon
pancreas
liver releasessugar
triggershunger
high
low
FeedbackEndocrine System Control
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Positive feedback loop
• Does not reverse the situation but increases the change in the system.
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Positive feedback system
• During labor the muscle contractions push the baby through the birth canal becoming stronger by secreting the hormone oxytocin.
• Oxytocin is produced continously until the baby is delivered.
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Thursday 10-24-13Objective: Describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis; understand that cells have specialized parts called organelles with specific functions; Be able to identify the structure and explain the function of each cell organelle; distinguish between plant, animal and bacteria cells; understand how cells maintain a state of homeostasis .
Agenda1. Exam Day 2. Add: Isotonic, Hypertonic, and Hypotonic to
page 37L
Reminders: Cell Analogy Project Due TOMRROW!.
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Friday 10-25-13Objective: Describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis.Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis and transport of molecules.Agenda:1. Bell Ringer 12 (40L)- 5 min2. Notes (computer): Cellular Transport 25 min (39L)3. Summary of Notes – 10min. ( Fryer)- (39R)4. Closure: Explain how osmosis differs from diffusion. Explain what they have in common? (5 min)- Journal page (39R) under fryer model
Due: Cell Analogy Projects! Homework: Cut outs for cell membrane ( lipid bilayer) need to be done for class on Monday