months of service away from home months of service away from home inadequate food and shelter...
TRANSCRIPT
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Civil War Conclusions, Effects and
Reconstruction
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Life of a Civil War SoldierMonths of service away from home
Inadequate food and shelterFrequently ate “hardtack”Coffee was the most valuable supply
Disease and unsanitary conditionsMore men died of disease than in battle
Many days spent marching with equipment
Boredom
Sheer terror fighting on the battlefield
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Anocanda PlanFully blockade all the coasts and cut off the
South from all supplies.
Control the Mississippi River and separate confederate states.
Capture the capital city of Richmond Virginia.
Destroy civilian morale by capturing and destroying the cities of Atlanta and Savannah.
The North will use it’s advantage in numbers of troops to fight the South everywhere and break the spirits of the Confederacy.
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Emancipation ProclamationActually applied only to the Southern states
that were in rebellion.
The Union victory at Antietam provided the timing for Lincoln to issue the Proclamation.
Changed the focus of the war from preserving the Union to fighting to get rid of the institution of slavery.
Prevented foreign intervention from Britain and France.
Paved the way for total abolition of slavery.
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Massachusetts 54th
First military unit to be raised during the Civil War consisting of all black soldiers.
After the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1862, many freed black men signed up to fight.
Massachusetts was the first state to put together an all black regiment.
Controversy in that many people wondered if black men could and should fight a “white man’s war”.
Controversy continued with the idea of having black officers lead the troops.
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1st Battle of Bull RunManassas Virginia
July 21st, 1861
1st official battle of the Civil War, fought just a few miles from Washington DC.
People had a picnic and gathered to watch what they assumed would be the only battle of the Civil War.
General McDowell vs. Generals Johnston and Beauregard
Confederate victory
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AntietamSharpsburg, Maryland
September 16-18, 1862
September 17th is the single bloodiest day in American military history
General McClellan vs. General Lee
Inconclusive victory
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ShilohPittsburgh Landing, Tennessee
April 6-7, 1862
Attack on the Union on a piece of land along the Tennessee River
Generals Buell and Grant vs. Generals Johnston and Beauregard
Union victory
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FredricksburgVirginia
December 11-15, 1862
Largest and deadliest of the Civil War, over 200,000 people fought.
General Burnside vs. General Lee
Confederate Victory
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VicksburgMississippi
May 18th-July 4th 1863
Battle to control a strategic location along the Mississippi River
General Grant vs. General Pemberton
Union victory
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GettysburgPennsylvania
July 1-3, 1863
General Lee’s second attempt to invade the North will fail and is considered to be a true turning point in the war.
The North defends against Pickett’s Charge to claim victory
General Meade vs. General Lee
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Gettysburg AddressGiven by President Lincoln on
November 19, 1863 to dedicate the Soldier’s Cemetery at the Gettysburg battle site.
Lincoln spoke for just over 2 minutes and gave one of his most famous speeches in 272 words.
“Four score and seven years ago……”
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Sherman’s March to the SeaGeorgia
November 15-December 21, 1864
Following the siege and victory in Atlanta, General Sherman marched his troops across Georgia to capture the city and port of Savannah
Changed military tactics by operating deep within enemy territory
Often criticized for burning and pillaging Southern land
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Surrender at Appomattox CourthouseAppomattox County, Virginia
April 9, 1865
General Lee found his troops to be completely surrounded and decided to surrender the army of Northern Virginia.
Fighting still continued after this and no official document would ever be signed to end the war.
Confederate soldiers were allowed to return home and Union soldiers were not allowed to outwardly celebrate their victory.
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Robert E Lee:
Commander of the Confederate Troops
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Ulysses S Grant:
Commander of the Union Troops and 18th President of the U.S
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Lincoln is assassinatedOn April 15th, 1865 at Ford’s Theater in
Washington DC while watching “Our American Cousin”
By John Wilkes Booth-an actor and Southern sympathizer.
Only 5 days after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
Lincoln is carried across the street and dies during the night from gun shot wounds.
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John Wilkes Booth
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Reconstruction Designed by Lincoln to bring the South back to the Union
to as normal as possible.
Lincoln would issue a pardon to any Southern state that would swear an oath to the Constitution and the Union
Lincoln dies and Vice President Andrew Johnson takes control of Reconstruction Plans.
Constitutional Reconstruction: 1863-1869
Radical Reconstruction: 1869-1877 Controlled by the Radical Republicans Believed in the equality of Freedmen and wanted to punish
the Confederacy
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Impeached for his role in Reconstruction and almost removed from office.
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Carpetbaggers:
Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War
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Freedman’s BureauFormed to protect the newly freed blacks in
the South after the Civil War.
The Southern states were divided into 10 districts in which military occupation would occur and the Bureau would work within these districts to distribute aid.
“40 acres and a mule”
In many cases, the Bureau worked as a political machine and as a way to organize the new black voters to vote for Republicans.
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Black CodesGranted basic rights to newly freed
blacks (the right to marry, own property)
Allowed for the segregation of public facilities
Placed incredible restrictions on the freedman’s status as a laborer
This would also allow an organization such as the KKK to rise and become powerful
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New Amendments13th Amendment: Abolishes the
institution of slavery.
14th Amendment: Grants citizenship to newly freed slaves.
15th Amendment: Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color or previous condition of servitude.
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Total cost of warApproximately 2.5 million troops on
both sides fought in the war
620,000 men died during the war
375,000 soldiers were wounded
Overall, the war cost $8 billion.$6 billion was spent by the NorthApprox. $2.5 million was spent each day
during the war.
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Effects of the WarSouthern economy is destroyed-many
Southerners live in poverty.
Most African Americans still live in poverty, although the Constitution is changed to provide equality.
Northern carpetbaggers “help” rebuild the South
Violence and racism continues-rise of the KKK.