montreal overview powerpoint june 2008
TRANSCRIPT
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© 2008 SAP AG
Introduction to SAP ERP
Abstract
This teaching material is intended to explain how the fundamental
business processes interact with SAP ERP in the functional areas
of Sales and Distribution, Materials Management, Production
Planning, Financial Accounting, Controlling, and Human Capital
Management.
SAP University Alliances
Version 1.0
Authors Stephen TracyBret Wagner Stefan Weidner
ProductSAP ERP 6.0Global Bike Inc.
LevelBeginner
FocusCross-functional integrationSD, MM, PP, FI, CO
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Course Content
Introduction to SAP Navigation
Sales & Distribution
Materials Management
Production Planning
Financial Accounting
Controlling
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Page 1-3© 2008 SAP AG
SAP
“Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing” Name of the Company
- SAP AG
- SAP America
- SAP UK
Name of the Software- SAP R/2
- SAP R/3
- SAP ERP
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Page 1-4© 2008 SAP AG
Who is SAP?
SAP AG- Founded in Walldorf, Germany in 1972
- World’s Largest Business Software Company
- World’s Third-largest Independent Software Provider
Company Statistics
- Over 40,000 employees in more then 50 countries- 1500 Business Partners
- 36,200 customers in more then 120 countries
- 12 million users
- 100,600 installationsSource: SAP AG website
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Integrated Business Solution Vendors
SAP (Systems, Applications, & Products in Data Processing)- SAP ERP, All-in-One, Business by Design, Business One
Oracle Applications- Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, Siebel, Retek
Microsoft Business Solutions- Dynamics: Great Plains, Navision, Axapta, Soloman
The Sage Group- Sage Software – Accpac ERP, PeachTree
SSA Global Technologies- BAAN
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SAP Architecture
World-wide usage Designed to satisfy the information needs for business sizes (small
local to large all international)- Multi-lingual
- Multi-currency
Designed to satisfy the information needs for all industries
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SAP ERP
Enables a company to link it’s business processes Ties together disparate business functions (integrated business
solution)
Helps the organization run smoothly
Real-time environment Scalable and flexible
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SAP Architecture
Client/Server Environment- Client – hardware/software environment that can make a request for services for a central repository of resources
- Server – hardware/software combination that can provide services to agroup of clients in a controlled environment
Three – Tier Structure- GUI
• Graphical User Interface or Web Interface
- Application Server
• One or more, help distribute work load- Database Server
• One single data repository
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SAP Architecture
Database
Application
Presentation
Browser ClientPCs, Laptops, etc.
Network
Application
Servers
InternetTransaction
Server
Web Server
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SAP ERP
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Page 1-10© 2008 SAP AG
SAP Business Suite
SAP NetWeaver
SAP SCM
SAP PLM
SAPSRM
SAPCRM
SAP
ERP ECC 6.0
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SAP ERP
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SAP Business Suite
SAP NetWeaver
SAP SCM
SAP PLM
SAPSRM
SAPCRM
SAP
ECC
SD
MM
PP
QM
PM
HR IS
WF
AM
CO
FI
PS
SAP R/3Client/Server
ABAPBasis
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SAP Software Applications
Solutions- SAP ERP
- SAP CRM
- SAP PLM
- SAP SCM
- SAP SRM- SAP Analytics
- SAP Manufacturing
- SAP Service
- SAP Mobile Solutions
- SAP xApps
Small & Medium Size Solutions- Business One
- Business by Design
- SAP All-in-One
Platforms- Enterprise Services Architecture
- SAP NetWeaver Platform
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SAP ERP Business Modules
Collections of logically related transactions within identifiablebusiness functions- MM (“Buy”)
- PP (“Make”)
- SD (“Sell”)
- FI and CO (“Track”)- HCM
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SAP ERP Core Applications
Logistics
- Sales & Distribution
- Plant Maintenance
- Materials Management
- Production Planning- Quality Management
Accounting- Financial Accounting
- Controlling
- Asset Management- Treasury
Human Resources- Personnel Management
- Benefits
- Payroll
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Page 1-15© 2008 SAP AG
SAP Industry Solutions
Aerospace & Defense
Automotive
Banking
Chemicals
Consumer Products
Defense & Security
Engineering, Const.
Healthcare
High Tech
Higher Education
Industrial Machinery
Insurance
Life Sciences
Logistics Service Prod.
Media Mill Products
Mining
Oil & Gas
Pharmaceuticals
Postal Services Professional Services
Public Sector
Railways
Retail
Telecommunications Utilities
Wholesale Distribution
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© 2008 SAP AG
Navigation
Abstract
This material explains how to navigate in SAP systems. It is aimed at
students at educational institutions, such as schools, universities of
cooperative education, universities of applied sciences, and other
universities, with no previous experience of SAP software. It can be used
in the classroom or for self-study.
On completion of the course, students will be able to navigate through the
user interface to deal with business processes and case studies.
SAP University Alliances
Version 1.0
Authors Stephen TracyBret Wagner Stefan Weidner
ProductAll
LevelBeginner
Focus
SAP ERP
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Content
User guidance
User specific settings
Navigation in SAP Easy Access Menu
Help
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Learning Targets
At the end of this chapter you can
Name the window elements
Navigate in an SAP system
Apply personal system settings
Effectively use Help
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Log on to an SAP system
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SAP Easy Access Menu
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SAP Easy Access Menu
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Role-based User Menu
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DYNPRO Elements
Radiobutton
Alternative 1 (nur eine Alternative möglich!)
ODER Alternative 2
oder .....
oder .....
oder .....
Anzeigen Ändern
Checkbox
Auswahl 1 (Mehrfachwahl möglich!)
Auswahl 4
Auswahl 2
Auswahl 3
Überblick
Check box
Radio buttons
Press buttons
Input fields
Tabs
System function bar Application function bar
Command field
(transaction code)
Status bar
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ENJOY Initiative – New Design
header data
position overview
positiondetails
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Help Functions
F1: Description of Input Fields
F4: value list
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Favorites
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Page 1-29© 2008 SAP AG
Transaction Codes
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Transaction SEARCH_SAP_MENU
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Transaction ICON
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SAP ERP
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User Profile Settings (local)
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User Profile Settings (SAP System)
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SAP U i it Alli
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Summary
You are now able to:- Name the window elements
- Navigate in an SAP system
- Apply personal system settings
- Effectively use help
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© 2008 SAP AG
Global Bike Inc.
Abstract
This material explains the company on which the introduction
material is based on. It describes its enterprise structure in detail.
SAP University Alliances
Version 1.0
Authors Stephen TracyBret Wagner Stefan Weidner
ProductSAP ERP
LevelBeginner
Focus
Global Bike Inc.Integration
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Two Approaches of Learning
Standard Training- Level 1: Introductory
- Level 2: Business processes
- Level 3: Configuration
Business Process Integration Approach- Cross functional
- Understand business processes and their relationship to SAP'sorganizational structure
- Highlight integration/configuration
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Cross-functional integration
Source Unknown
SAP University Alliances
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Process Integration
Sales Order
Entry CheckAvailability
Procurement
Process
PickMaterials
PurchaseRequisition
PurchaseOrder
GoodsReceipt
InvoiceReceipt
Paymentto Vendor
Post GoodsIssueInvoice
Customer
Receipt of Payment
Run MRP
SAP University Alliances
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Process Integration
Sales Order Entry CheckAvailability
Procurement
Process
Pick
Materials
PurchaseRequisition
PurchaseOrder
GoodsReceipt
InvoiceReceipt
Paymentto Vendor
Post GoodsIssueInvoice
Customer
Receipt of Payment
Run MRP
SAP University Alliances
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Process Integration
GoodsIssue
Sales Order Entry
CheckAvailability
ProductionProcess
Run MPSw/MRP
Convert ProductionProposal Schedule
and ReleaseProcurement
Process
PickMaterials
PurchaseRequisition
PurchaseOrder
GoodsReceipt
InvoiceReceipt
Paymentto Vendor
CompletionConfirmation
GoodsReceipt
Quality
Inspection
Order Settlement
Post GoodsIssue
InvoiceCustomer
Receipt of Payment
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Process Integration
GoodsIssue
Sales Order Entry
CheckAvailability
ProductionProcess
Run MPSw/MRP
Convert ProductionProposal Schedule
and ReleaseProcurement
Process
PickMaterials
PurchaseRequisition
PurchaseOrder
GoodsReceipt
InvoiceReceipt
Paymentto Vendor
CompletionConfirmation
GoodsReceipt
Quality
Inspection
Order Settlement
Post GoodsIssue
InvoiceCustomer
Receipt of Payment
SAP University Alliances
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Enterprise Structure (Global Bike Inc.)
Plant
Client
Chart of Accounts
CompanyCode
Fiscal Year Variant
Credit ControlArea
PurchasingOrganization
PurchasingGroup
ShippingPoint
SalesOrganization
DistributionChannel
Division
Sales Area
ControllingArea
SL10 SL20
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SAP ERP
y
Page 1-47© 2008 SAP AG
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Page 1-48© 2008 SAP AG
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© 2008 SAP AG
Sales and Distribution (SD)
SAP University Alliances
Version 1.0
Authors Stephen TracyBret Wagner Stefan Weidner
ProductSAP ERP 6.0Global Bike Inc.
LevelBeginner
FocusCross-functional integrationSales and Distribution
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Chapter Overview
Sales and Distribution Org. Levels
Sales and Distribution Master Data
Sales Order Process- Order-to-Cash
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Organizational Structure
S&D Structure
Client
Company Code
Sales Area
- Sales Organization- Distribution Channel
- Division
Plant
Shipping Point
Loading Point
Internal Sales Structure
Sales Offices
Sales Groups Salesperson
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Structure for Sales Order Processing
Client 410
Company CodeC100
Plant P100 Plant P101
Sales Area
Sales OrgS100
DistributionChannel (RE)
Division(01)
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Internal Sales Structure
US Sales OfficeS100
Western SalesOffice
Northwest SalesGroup
Southwest SalesGroup
Salesperson 1
Eastern SalesOffice
Northwest SalesGroup
Southwest SalesGroup
Salesperson 2
Salesperson 3
Salesperson 4
Salesperson 5
Salesperson 6 Salesperson 7
Salesperson 8
Salesperson 9
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Structure for Distribution
Client 410
Company CodeC100
Plant P100 Plant P101
Shipping PointExpress Dock
Loading PointLP01
Shipping PointFreight Dock
Shipping PointRail Dock
Loading PointLP02
Loading PointLP03
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Customer Master Data
Customer Master
- Contains all of the informationnecessary for processing orders,deliveries, invoices and customer payment
- Every customer MUST have amaster record
Created by Sales Area- Sales Organization
- Distribution Channel
- Division
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Customer Master Data
The customer master information
is divided into 3 areas:- General Data
- Company Code Data
- Sales Area Data
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Customer Master
Company Code 102Company Code 101
Company Code 100
Client 410
Sales Org. 101
Sales Org. 100
General Information relevant for the entire organization:NameAddressCommunication
Company Code specific information:Acc. Mgmt
PaymentBank
Sales Area specific information:Sales Office
Currency
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Material Master Data
Material Master
- Contains all the information acompany needs to manage abouta material
- It is used by most componentswithin the SAP system
• Sales and Distribution
• Materials Management• Production
• Plant Maintenance
• Accounting/Controlling
• Quality Management
- Material master data is stored in
functional segments called Views
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Material Master Views
Material Master
Basic Data
Sales Data
Controlling Data
Forecasting Data
Purchasing Data
Mat. Plan. Data
Accounting Data
Storage Data
Quality Data
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Material Master
Sales Org 102Sales Org 101
Sales Org 100
Client 410
Storage Location 20Storage Location 10
General Information relevant for the entire organization:NameWeightU/M
Sales specific information: Delivery PlantLoading Grp
Storage Location specific information:Stock Qty
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Customer Material Information Record
Data on a material defined for a
specific customer is stored in aCustomer material info record.
Info Records contain:- Customer-specific material
number - Customer-specific material
description- Customer-specific data on
deliveries and delivery tolerances
You can also maintain default textto appear on sales orders for thatcustomer
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Condition Master (Pricing)
Condition master data includes:
- Prices- Surcharges
- Discounts
- Freights
- Taxes
You can define the conditionmaster to be dependent onvarious data:
- Material specific
- Customer specific
Conditions can be dependent onany document field
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Output
Output is information that is sent
to the customer using variousmedia, such as:
- EDI
- Fax
- XML
Output examples:- Quotation
- Confirmation
- Invoice
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Pre-Sales Activities (CRM Light)
Sales Support is a component of SD that assists in the sales,
distribution, and marketing of a companies products and servicesto its customers. It contains the following functionality:- Creating and tracking customer contacts and communications (sales
activity)• Phone call records
• On-site meeting• Letters
• Campaign communication
- Implementing and tracking direct mailing, internet, and trade fair campaigns based on customer attributes
Pre-sales documents need to be managed within the presalesactivities: Inquiries and Quotations. These documents help identifypossible sales related activity and determine sales probability.
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Pre-Sales Activities (CRM Light)
The ultimate goal of all pre-
sales activities is to equip thesales technician with all theinformation necessary tonegotiate and complete thepotential sale.
Information needed:- Past sales activity
- Past communication
- Contact information
- General Company info
- Credit limits and usage
- Current backorders
360º view of your customer
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Inquiry
An inquiry is a customer’s request to a company for information or
quotation in respect to their products or services without obligationto purchase.- How much will it cost
- Material/Service availability
- May contain specific quantities and dates
The inquiry is maintained in the system and a quotation is createdto address questions for the potential customer.
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Quotation
The quotation presents the
customer with a legally bindingoffer to deliver specific productsor a selection of a certain amountof products in a specifiedtimeframe at a pre-defined price.
Quotation
DATE February 25, 2008
123 Any Street Quotation # 20000001Battle Creek, MI 49015 Customer ID
Phone (605) 555-1212 Fax (605) 555-1414
Bill To: Quotation valid until: June 4, 2008Prepared by: S. Tracy
1234 North MainKansas City, MO 64118(123) 555-1212
Comments or special instructions:
Quantity Description Unit Price AMOUNT
10 185.00 1,850.00
(5.00) (50.00)
5 269.00 1,345.00
- -
5.00% (157.25)
TOTAL 2,987.75$
If you have any questions concerning this quotation, contact:Steve Tracy(605) [email protected]
KB-0013-00
Discount
TB-0014-00
Discount
Total Discount
Heartland Bike Company
GBI
THANK YOU FOR YOUR BUSINESS!
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Sales Order
Sales order processing can originate from a variety of documents
and activities- Customer contacts us for order: phone, internet, email
- Existing Contract
- Quotations
The electronic document that is created should contain thefollowing basic information:- Customer Information
- Material/service and quantity
- Pricing (conditions)- Specific delivery dates and quantities
- Shipping information
- Billing Information
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Sales Order
The sales document is made up
of three primary areas:- Header • Data relevant for the entire sales
order: Ex: customer data, totalcost of the order
- Line Item• Information about the specific
product: Ex: material andquantity, cost of an individual line
- Schedule Lines• Uniquely belongs to a Line Item,
contains delivery quantities anddates for partial deliveries
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Sales Order
The sales order contains all of the information needed to process
your customers request, the following information is determined for each sales order:- Delivering Schedule
- Shipping point and route determination
- Availability Check
- Transfer of requirements to MRP- Pricing
- Credit limit check
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Delivery Scheduling
When an order is created the you must enter a requested delivery
date for the order or each line item.
The system will then determine a delivery timeline, this will beused when determining our material availability, or ATP (Availability
to Promise) date.
The system will determine this date using forward and backwardscheduling rules you have defined.
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Backward Scheduling
RequestedDelv. Date
GoodsIssueLoading
MaterialAvailability
Order Date
Transp.Sched.
TransitTime
(2 days)
LoadingTime
(1 day)
Pick & PackTime
(2 days)
Transp.Sched.Time
(1 day)
2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th1st
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Forward Scheduling
TransitTime
(2 days)
LoadingTime
(1 day)
Transp.Sched.Time
(1 day)
NewDelv.Date
1st 3rd 4th 5th 6th2nd
Pick & PackTime (2 days)
7th
RequestedDelv.Date
GoodsIssueLoading
MaterialAvailability
Order Date
Transp.Sched.
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Shipping & Route Determination
During the creation of the sales order the system must determine
the shipping point from which the material will be shipped and theroute the material will take to get from your warehouse to your customers location.
A shipping point is determined for each line item within the order.
The route determination will is used to define the transit time of thematerial that we used in scheduling.
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Transfer to Planning
The order is transferred to
Material Requirements Planningas an (CIR) Customer Independent Requirement. If adeficit is found the system willpropose a Purchase Req. or Order to fulfill the shortage.
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Pricing
The system displays pricing information for all sales documents on
the pricing screens at both the header and the line item level.- Header pricing is valid for the whole order it is the cumulative of all line
items within the order
- Line item pricing is for each specific material.
The system will automatically search for price, discounts,surcharges, calculate taxes and freight. You have the ability tomanually manipulate the pricing at both the header and line itemlevel within the sales order by entering a condition type andamount.
- Taxes and freight can be set-up so we can’t manually enter
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Credit Check
Allows your company to manage its credit exposure and risk for
each customer by specifying credit limits. During the sales order process the system will alert the sales rep
about the customers credit situation that arises, if necessary thesystem can be configured to block orders and deliveries.
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Shipping & Transportation
The shipping process begins when you create the delivery
document for the sales order. This document controls, supports,and monitors numerous sub-processes for shipping processing:- Picking
- Packing
- Post Goods Issue
Integrated with the Material Management (MM) and Finance (FI)modules
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Shipping
Order Combination
Sales Order 1
Sales Order 2
Sales Order 3
Delivery 8…12
PartialDelivery
Sales Order 4
Delivery 8…13
Delivery 8…14
Delivery 8…15
CompleteDelivery
Sales Order 5
Delivery 8…16
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Delivery Creation
Checks order and materials to determine if a delivery is possible
— delivery block (hold), completeness Confirms availability
Confirms export/foreign trade requirements
Determines total weight & volume
S
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D li C ti
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Delivery Creation
Generates packing proposal
Calculates weight and volume
Checks scheduling
Considers partial deliveries
Updates route assignment Assigns picking location
Updates sales order
Determines batches
Quality check (if needed)
Updates sales order
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D li D t
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Delivery Document
The Delivery Document initiates the delivery process and is the
control mechanism for this process- Picking
- Packing
- Loading
- Posting Goods Issue
Changes to delivery are allowable - products, quantities
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Pi ki
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Picking
Quantities based on delivery note
Assigned date when picking should begin
Automated storage location assignment
Supports serial number/lot number tracking and batchmanagement
Integrated with Warehouse Management (WM)
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G d i
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Goods issue
Event that indicates the legal change in ownership of the products
Reduces inventory and enters Cost of Goods Sold
Automatically updates the General Ledger (G/L) accounts
Ends the shipping process and updates the status of the shippingdocuments
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Billing
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Billing
The billing document is created by coping data from the sales
order and/or delivery document.- Order-based billing
- Delivery-based billing
The billing process is used to generate the customer invoice.
It will update the customer’s credit status.
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Billing Documents
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Billing Documents
The billing document will
automatically create a debitposting to your customer sub-ledger account and credityour revenue account.
It is at this point that the sales
process is passed over toFinancial Accounting to awaitpayment.
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Billing Methods
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Billing Methods
CollectiveInvoicing
Delivery basedInvoicing
Delivery 8…34
Delivery 8…33
Order 14
Order 9
Delivery 8…56
Invoice 9…68
Order 6Delivery 8…20
Delivery 8…21
Invoice 9…45
Invoice 9…46
SplitInvoicing
Order 32 Delivery 8…86
Invoice 9…92
Invoice 9…91
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Payment
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Payment
Payment is the final step in the sales order process, this step is
managed by the Financial Accounting department. Final payment includes:
- Posting payments against invoices.
- Reconciling differences between payment and invoice.
Payment will create a posting clearing the liability in the A/Raccount and increases your bank account.
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Document Flow
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Document Flow
The document flow and order
status feature allows you to findthe status of an order at any pointin time. The SAP updates theorder status every time a changeis made to any document createdin the customer order
management cycle(Order-to-Cash).
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Sales Order Process Debugging
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Sales Order Process Debugging
“Never again did I learn so much insuch a short time, because twentyparticipants made mistakes for me!
You cannot make so many mistakesall alone”
SAP Co-founder Klaus Tschira, on his experiences teaching
COBOL to clients at IBM.
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Sales Order Process Debugging
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Sales Order Process Debugging
Document Flow
- Gives Order Process Status
List of Sales Orders (VA05)- Tool to Find Order
- Need student’s user id/data set number
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Sales Order Process Debugging
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Sales Order Process Debugging
SD1SD2SD3
SD4SD5
SD6
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Chapter Overview
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Chapter Overview
Organization Structure
Master Data
Procurement Process- Procure-to-Pay Process
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Organizational Structure for Procurement
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Organizational Structure for Procurement
Client
- An independent environment in the system
Company Code- Smallest org unit for which you can maintain a legal set of books
Plant
- Operating area or branch within a company• i.e. manufacturing facility or distribution facility
Purchasing Organization- The buying activity for a plant takes place at the purchasing
organization
Purchasing Group- Key that represents the buyer or group of buyers
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Purchasing Specific Structure
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Purchasing Specific Structure
Purchasing Organization
- Organization unit responsible for procuring services and materials- Negotiates conditions of the purchase with the vendors
Purchasing Group- Buyer or group of buyers who are responsible for certain purchasing
activities
- Channel of communication for vendors
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Structure for Procurement
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Structure for Procurement
Client 410
Company CodeC100
Plant P100 Plant P101
Purchasing OrgP100
Purchasing
Group 100
Purchasing OrgP101
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MM Master Data
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MM Master Data
Vendor Master Data
Material Master Data
Purchasing Info Record
Output Master Data
Condition Master Data
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Vendor Master Data
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Vendor Master
- Contains all the necessaryinformation needed to businesswith an external supplier
- Used and maintained primarily bythe Purchasing and AccountingDepartments
- Every vendor MUST have amaster record
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Vendor Master Views
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Client Level
- Address- Vendor Number
- Preferred Communication
Company Code Data- Reconciliation Account
- Terms of Payment
- Bank Account
Purchase Org Data- Purchasing Currency
- Salesman’s Name- Vendor Partners
General Data
Company Code DataFinancial Accounting (FI)
Purchasing DataMaterials Mgmt (MM)
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Vendor Master
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Company Code 102Company Code 101
Company Code 100
Client 410
Purchasing Org. 101Purchasing Org. 100
General Information relevant for the entire organization:NameAddressCommunication
Company Code specific information:Acc. Mgmt
PaymentBank
Purchasing Org. specific information:Incoterms
Currency
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Material Master Data
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Material Master
- Contains all the information acompany needs to manage abouta material
- It is used by most componentswithin the SAP system
• Sales and Distribution
• Materials Management
• Production
• Plant Maintenance
• Accounting/Controlling
• Quality Management
- Material master data is stored infunctional segments called Views
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Material Master Views
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Material Master
Basic Data
Sales Data
Controlling Data
Forecasting Data
Purchasing Data
Mat. Plan. Data
Accounting Data
Storage Data
Quality Data
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Material Master
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Plant 102Plant 101
Plant 100
Client 410
Storage Location 20Storage Location 10
General Information relevant for the entire organization:NameWeightU/M
Plant specific information: Purchasing DataWork Sch.
MRP
Storage Location specific information:Stock Qty
Picking
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Purchasing Information Record
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Framework for Purchase
Order - Contains the relationship
between a vendor and amaterial
Can be created:
- Manually- Automatically – Quotations
- Automatically – Pur Orders
Reporting
- Vendor EvaluationMaterial Master Vendor Master
Purchasing
Information Record
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Purchasing Information Record
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Allows buyers to quickly
determine:- Which vendors have offered or supplied specific materials
Info Records contain:- Data on pricing and conditions
- Last purchase order
- Tolerance limits for deliveries
- Specific lead times
- Availability periods
- Vendor Evaluation data
Serves as default information for Purchase Orders
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Master Data in Use
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Purchase
Order
45......01
Material Master Vendor Master
PurchasingInformation Record
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Procurement Process
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PurchaseRequisition
Paymentto Vendor
NotifyVendor
Vendor ShipmentInvoiceReceipt
GoodsReceipt
PurchaseOrder
Vendor
Selection
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Purchase Requisition
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Internal Document instructing the purchasing department to
request a specific good or service for a specified time Requisitions can be created two ways:
- Directly - Manually• person creating determines: what, how much, and when
- Indirectly - Automatically
• MRP, Production Orders, Maintenance Orders, Sales Orders
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Requisition Sourcing
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Once the requisition has been assigned a source of supply it can
be released for processing There are a variety of ways that a purchasing department can
process a requisition to determine the appropriate Source of Supply:- Internal Sourcing Requirements
- Source List- Outlined Agreement
- RFQ
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Internal Sourcing
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The requisition for materials could be satisfied by sources within
our company.- It is possible that a plant within your firm could represent a potential
source of supply for the material needed (centralized warehouse)
- If an internal source is identified the requirement is covered by aninternal procurement transaction (stock transport order)
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Source List
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A source list is a record that specifies the allowed means for
procuring a material for a certain plant within a given time period.- If the list contains a sole source the system will assign the vendor to
the requisition.
- If several options exist the system will display a list of vendors for youto choose from.
- If no source has been established the system will revert to searchinformation records and outline agreements.
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Outline Agreement
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Requisitions can be satisfied through existing longer-term
purchasing agreement These agreements are subdivided into:
- Contracts• Consists of items defining the individual materials, material groups, or
services with prices and in many cases quantities
– Quantity– Value
- Scheduling Agreements• Total quantity of material is spread over a certain period in a delivery
schedule, consisting of line items indicating quantities and their planneddelivery date
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Request for Quotation
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If nothing exist in the system we may need to submit a request for
quotation to our vendors. An RFQ is an invitation to a vendor by aPurchasing Organization to submit a bid for the supply of materialsor services- The accepted quotations will generate Purchasing Information Records
- Perform Quotation Price Comparisons
- Finally Select a Quotation
Pur Req. generate
RFQ Vendor 1
Vendor 2
Vendor 3
Quote
Quote
Quote
P.O.45…12
RejectLetter
Eval.
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Quotation from Vendor
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The quotation received by your company is a legally binding offer,
should decide to do business with the vendor, containing price’sand conditions for the materials specified in the RFQ for apredefined period of time.- In SAP the RFQ and the Quotation will be become a single document,
you will enter the vendor’s response in the RFQ you created.
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Vendor Evaluation once Identified
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Vendor evaluation helps purchasing evaluate vendors for sourcing while
also enabling the company to monitor vendor relationships throughperformance scores and criteria you put in place.- Supports a maximum of 99 main criteria and 20 subcriteria for each main:
• Price– Price Level
– Price History
• Quality– Goods Receipt– Quality Audit
– Complaints/Rejection level
• Delivery– On-time delivery performance
– Quantity reliability
– Compliance with shipping instructions
– Confirmation Date
- You then must establish a scoring range (1 -100) and determine the weightfactors of scores for each.
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Purchase Order
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A purchase order is a formal request to a vendor for a specific
material or service under the stated conditions Purchase Orders can be created manually
- Reference a Purchase Order
- Reference a Purchase Requisition
- Reference a RFQ/Quotation
- Without Reference
Purchase Orders can be create automatically
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Purchase Order
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A purchase order can be used for
a variety of purposes, the itemcategory (procurement type)defined in the PO will dictate theuse of the order and the processthat the order will follow:
- Standard
• Stock or Consumption- Services
- Subcontracting
- Third-Party
- Consignment
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Purchase Order Structure
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Header Vendor DateDoc. Number CurrencyTerms of Payment PO Price
Item Overview
Materials Price/UofMQuantitiesDelivery Date
Line Item
PO History TolerancesLine PriceDelivery Schedule
PurchaseOrder
45......01
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Purchase Order Output
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Once a Purchase Order has been created the vendor needs to be
notified- Printed
- EDI
- Fax
- XML There are a variety of forms that aid in the purchasing process and
are generated from the Purchase Order - Purchase Order Output
- Order Acknowledgement Forms
- Reminders
- Schedule Agreements
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Goods Receipt
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Purchase
Order 45......01
Vendor
Notify Vendor
ShipmentGoodsReceipt
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Goods Receipt
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Goods movement in which we accept goods into our system
If materials are delivered against a Purchase Order we willreference that Order - Determine if we got what we ordered
- System can purpose data for us from the PO• Material, quantity
- Purchase Order History is update with the receipt- Updates Physical Inventory
- Updates Inventory G/L Account
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Material Movements
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When a goods movement takes place it is represented by a
Movement Type- Movement types are three-digit keys used to represent a movement of goods
• 101 – goods receipt into warehouse
• 103 – goods receipt into GR blocked stock
• 122 – return delivery to vendor
• 231 – consumption for a sales order
• 561 – initial entry of stock
Destinations for Receipt of Goods
- Warehouse – Unrestricted, Quality, Blocked- Quality
- Goods Receipt Blocked Stock
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Effects of a Goods Receipt
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When a Goods Movement for the receipt of goods takes place a
series of events occur - Material Document is Created
- Accounting Document is Created
- Stock Quantities are Updated
- Stock Values are Updated
- Purchase Order is Updated- Output can be generated (GR slip / pallet label)
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Invoice Processing
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Incoming Invoices are reference against a Purchase Order to verify
their content, prices, and arithmetic. If discrepancies arise between the purchase order or goods receipt
and the invoice the system with generate a warning or an error - Depending on system configuration the difference could cause the
system to Block the Invoice
Purchase order - Target quantity -
- Target price -
Goods receipt- Actual quantity -
Invoice receipt- Actual price -
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Payment to Vendor
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Can be done automatically or manually
- Post Outgoing Payment vs. Payment Program
Elements of the Payment Transaction:- Payment Method
- Bank from which they get paid
- Items to be Paid
- Calculate Payment Amount
- Print Payment Medium
Process will create a financial accounting document to record thetransaction
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Vendor Payment
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Amount owed is paid tovendor and account payable
is reducedBank
Dr Cr
Vendor A/P
$100
Dr Cr
Bank
$100
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
FI – MM Integration Point
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InvoiceReceipt
PaymentProgram
GoodsReceipt
AP
(Vendor)Dr Cr
GR / IR
$100
BankDr Cr
Inventory
$100 $100 $100
Dr Cr Dr Cr
$100 $100
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
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Page 1-139© 2008 SAP AG
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© 2008 SAP AG
Production Planning & Execution
(PP)
SAP University Alliances
Version 1.0
Authors Stephen TracyBret Wagner Stefan Weidner
ProductSAP ERP 6.0Global Bike Inc.
LevelBeginner
Focus
Cross-functional integrationProduction PlanningProduction Execution
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Production Planning
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SAP Divides Production into multiple processes
- Production Planning
- Manufacturing Execution• Discrete Manufacturing
• Repetitive Manufacturing
• KANBAN
- Production – Process Industries• Integrated planning tool for batch-orientated process manufacturing
• Design primarily for chemical, pharmaceutical, food and beverage
industries along with batch-oriented electronics
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Structure
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Client
Company Code
Plants
Storage Locations
Work Center Locations
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
PP Master Data
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Materials
Bill of Materials (BOM)
Routings
Work Centers
Product Groups
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Material Master Record
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Bill of Materials (BOM)
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List of components that make up a product or assembly
Frame
Pedal
Break Kit
Front Wheel- Front Rim
- Front Tire
- Front Tube
Rear Wheel
- Rear Rim- Rear Tire
- Rear Tube
- Gear
Saddle- Post
- Seat
- Clip
Handle Bar - Bell
- Clasp
- Handle
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Bill of Materials (BOM)
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Single-Level
Single-Level
Finished Bike
Front WheelFrame
Rear WheelPedal Kit
SaddleBrake Kit
Handle Bars
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Bill of Materials (BOM)
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Single-Level vs. Multi-Level
Single-LevelFinished Bike
FrontWheel
Rear Wheel
Rear Rim
Multi-Level BOM
Frame Pedal BrakeHandleBars
Saddle
Rear Tire
Tube
Gear
FrontRim
FrontTire
Tube
Single-Level
Bell
Clasp
HandleBar
Bell
Clasp
HandleBar
Single-LevelSingle-Level Single-Level
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Bill of Materials (BOM)
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Variant Bill of Material (BOM)
- Several products with a large proportion of identical parts.
Single-Level
Finished Bike
Front WheelGraphite Frame
Rear WheelPedal Kit
SaddleBrake Kit
Handle Bars
Single-Level
Finished Bike
Front WheelTubular Frame
Rear WheelPedal Kit
SaddleBrake Kit
Handle Bars
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
BOM – Item Categories
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Item Category
- Stock Item- Non-stock Item
- Variable Material – Sheet of steel
- Intra Item – Phantom material – process industry
- Class Item – place holder
- Document Item- Text Item
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Routings
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Routings enable you to plan the production of materials (products).
Routings are used as a template for production orders and runschedules
Routing are also used as a basis for product costing.
Series of sequential steps (operations) that must be carried out to
produce a given product Routings contain:
- What, Where, When, How
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Routings
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Routing – Operation 10
- Explains the steps involved in this operation BOM – Front Wheel, Rear Wheel and Frame
- Outlines the components that will be consumed in the routing
Work Center – 00WC1
- Identifies were the operations will take place and identifies thebusiness transaction to be carried
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Routings
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Routing for Finished Bike
Operation
Work Center
Plant
Control Key
Description
Time and Unit of Measure
Activity Type
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Routing and BOM
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Routing
Material Master – Finished Bike
BOM
Oper. 10
Oper. 20Oper. 30
Front Wheel
Rear Wheel
Frame
Saddle
Handle Bars
Pedals
Component assignment in routing
Time
Op.
10
Op.
20
Op.
30
FrontWheel
Rear Wheel
Frame
HandleBars
Saddle
Products arrive at thebeginning of the operationto which they are assigned
Oper. 40
Oper. 50Pedals
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Work Center
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A location within a plant where value-added work (operations or activities) areperformed
- Work Centers can represent• People or Groups of People– Johnny Storm, Day Shift 1
• Machines or Groups of Machines– Ink Mixer, Ink Injection Machine
• Assembly Lines– Pen Assembly Line 2
Work center used to define capacities- Labor - Machine- Output- Emissions
Capacities used in- Capacity requirements planning (CRP)
Detailed scheduling
Costing
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Work Center
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Work centers capture and use the following Resource Related data
- Basic Data• Person Responsible, Location of Work Center
- Scheduling Information• Queues and Move Times (interoperation), Formula Keys
- Costing Data• Cost Center, Activity Types
- Personnel Data• People, Positions, Qualifications
- Capacity Planning• Available Capacity, Formulas, Operating Time
- Default Data• Control Key, Standard Text Key
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Product Group
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Aggregate planning that group together materials or other product
groups (Product Families) Multi- or Single- Level Product Groups
- The lowest level must always consist of materials
BikesTouringMountain
24 Speed18 Speed 18 Speed 24 Speed
Red 24T Blue 24TRed 24M Blue 24M
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Material Planning
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SOP provides a method for Sales Planning, Production Planning,Feasibility
Sales, Production, Inventory
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
Jan
ua
Februa
Marc
A
pri
M
ay
June
July
Au
gu
Septem
Octob
Novem
b
Dece
mb
Uni
Sales
Production
Inventory
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Production Planning & Execution
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DemandManagement
Forecasting
Sales & OperationsPlanning
SIS CO/PA
MPS
MRP
ManufacturingExecution
Order Settlement
ProcurementProcess
Strategic Planning
Detailed Planning
Manufacturing Execution
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Production Planning & Execution
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Players in the Game
- Strategic Planning• CEO, COO, CIO,CFO, Controller,MarketingDirector
- Detailed Planning
• Line Managers,ProductionScheduler, MRPController,CapacityPlanners
- Execution• Line Workers,Shop Floor Supervisors
DemandManagement
Forecasting
Sales & OperationsPlanning
SIS CO/PA
MPS
MRP
ManufacturingExecution
Order Settlement
ProcurementProcess
StrategicPlanning
DetailedPlanning
ManufacturingExecution
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Forecasting
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Forecasting is the foundation
of a reliable SOP Accurate forecasts are
essential in the manufacturingsector
Overstocked & understockedwarehouses result in the samething: a loss in profits.
Forecasts are ALWAYSWRONG
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Forecasting
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Forecasting Models
- Trend- Seasonal
- Trend and Seasonal
- Constant
Selecting a Model- Automatically
- Manually
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Planning Levels
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Bikes
55%
Touring45%
Mountain
70%
24 Speed30%
18 Speed40%
18 Speed60%
24 Speed
50%
Red 24T
50%
Blue 24T
40%
Red 24M
60%
Blue 24M
Planning atProduct
Group Level
Planning at Material Level
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Sales and Operations Planning (SOP)
I f ti O i i ti
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Information Origination
- Sales- Marketing
- Manufacturing
- Accounting
- Human Resources
- Purchasing Intra-firm Collaboration
- Institutional CommonSense
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Sales and Operations Planning (SOP)
Fl ibl f ti d
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Flexible forecasting andplanning tool
Usually consists of threesteps:- Sales Plan
- Production Plan
- Rough Cut Capacity Plan
Planned at an aggregatelevel in time buckets
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Demand Management
Li k b t St t i Pl i (SOP) & D t il d Pl i
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Link between Strategic Planning (SOP) & Detailed Planning(MPS/MRP)
The results of Demand Mgmt is called the Demand Program, it isgenerated from our independent requirements - PIR and CIR
Bikes
55%
Touring45%
Mountain
70%
24 Speed30%
18 Speed40%
18 Speed60%
24 Speed
50%
Red 24T50%
Blue 24T40%
Red 24M60%
Blue 24M
D i s a g g r e g a
t i o n
Product Groups
Material
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Demand Management
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PlannedIndependent
Requirements
Customer Independent
Requirements
SalesForecast
DemandProgram
MPS / MRP
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Transfer from High Level to Detailed Planning
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Bikes55%
Touring45%
Mountain
70%
24 Speed30%
18 Speed40%
18 Speed60%
24 Speed
50%
Red 24T50%
Blue 24T40%
Red 24M60%
Blue 24M
DemandPlanningData
Planning atMaterial Level
D i s a g g r e g a t i o n
Planned Independent Requirements
At Material and Plant Level
Transfer
OperativePlanning
Data
Planning atGroup Level
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Planning Strategy for Make-to-Stock
Planning takes place using Independent Requirements
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Planning takes place using Independent Requirements-
Sales are covered by make-to-stock inventory Strategies
- 10 – Net Requirements Planning
- 11 – Gross Requirements Planning
- 30 – Production by Lot Size
- 40 – Planning with Final Assembly
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Planning Strategy for Make-to-Order
Planning takes place using Customer Orders
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Planning takes place using Customer Orders-
Sales are covered by make-to-order production Strategies
- 20 – Make to Order Production
- 50 – Planning without Final Assembly
- 60 – Planning with Planning Material
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Master Production Scheduling (MPS)
MPS allows a company to distinguish planning methods between
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MPS allows a company to distinguish planning methods betweenmaterials that have a strong influence on profit or use criticalresources and those that do not
Bike Set
FG-0010-00 GlovesHelmet
SaddleFrame Etc.Handle Bars
MPS run MPS Items
Non-MPS Items
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Material Requirement Planning (MRP)
In MRP the system calculates the net requirements while
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In MRP, the system calculates the net requirements whileconsidering available warehouse stock and scheduled receiptsfrom purchasing and production
During MRP, all levels of the bill of material are planned
The output of MRP is a detailed production and/or purchasing plan
Detailed planning level- Primary Functions
- Monitor inventory stocks
- Determine material needs• Quantity
• Timing- Generate purchase or production orders
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Demand-Independent vs. Dependent
Independent Demand Original source of the demand
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Independent Demand – Original source of the demand.
Dependent Demand – Source of demand resides at another level.
MPSBike Set
Planned Order
MPSFG-0010-00
MRPHelmet
Planned Order Purchase Order
MRPBrake Kit
Purchase Order
Dep Dep
Dep
Indep
S i ngl e-L ev el
Mul t i -L ev el
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Material Requirement Planning (MRP)
MRP is used to ensure the availability of materials based on the
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MRP is used to ensure the availability of materials based on theneed generated by MPS or the Demand Program- 5 Logical Steps
• Net Requirements Calculation
• Lot Size Calculation
• Procurement Type
• Scheduling
• BOM Explosion
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Net Requirements
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ProcurementProposal
Firmed Receipts
Firmed Ordersor PurchaseRequisitions
Requirements –Planned Ind. Req.,
ReservationsSales Orders,
Etc.
StockSafety Stock
Shortage
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Lot sizing
Static
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Static- Based on fixed values in the Material Master
Periodic- Groups net requirements together from multiple periods
Optimum- Calculates the optimum lot size for a several periods of net
requirements
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Procurement Type
External Procurement
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External Procurement- Purchase Requisition
- Purchase Order
- Schedule Line
Internal Procurement- Planned Order
- Production Order - Process Order
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Multi-Level Scheduling
Requirements
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Time
Finished Product
Assembly 1
Semi-Finished Good
Raw Material
Component
RequirementsDatePlanned Order
Purchase Requisition
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
MRP vs. Consumption-Based
Whether or not a material is planned using MRP or Consumption
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Whether or not a material is planned using MRP or ConsumptionBased is determined by the MRP Type on the MRP1 screen of theMaterial Master
MRP
VB – Reorder-Point
Consumption Based
VV – Forecast Based
RP – Replenishment
PD – MRP
VSD – Seasonal MRP
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Orders, orders, orders
Planned Order (planning)
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Planned Order (planning)- A request created in the planning run for a material in the future
(converts to either a production or purchase order)
Production Order (execution)- A request or instruction internally to produce a specific product at a
specific time
Purchase Order (execution)- A request or instruction to a vendor for a material or service at a
specific time
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Manufacturing Execution Process
Capacity
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Scheduleand Release
Shop Floor
Documents
GoodsReceipt
Order Settlement
GoodsIssue
ProductionProposal(Planning/Other)
CompletionConfirmation
Capacity
Planning
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Production Order
Production orders are used to control production operations and
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p passociated costs- Production Orders define the following
• Material produced
• Quantity
• Location
• Time line
• Work involved• Resources used
• How to costs are settled
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Release
Two release processes
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p- Header Level
• Entire order and all operations are released for processing, order is given aREL status
- Operation Level• Individual operations within an order are released, not until the last
operation is released does the order obtains a REL status until then it is in a
PREL status Automatic vs. Manual
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Availability Check
Automatic check to determine whether the component, production
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p presource tools, or capacities in an order are available- Can be automatic or manually executed
- Determines availability on the required date
Generates an availability log- Displays results of the check
- Missing parts list- Reservations that could not be verified
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Schedule & Release
The time between scheduling and releasing an order is used for
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g gcompany checks and any preparation needed for the processing of the order
Once an order has been released it is ready for execution, we canat this time- Print shop floor documents
- Execute goods movements- Accept confirmations against the order
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Shop Floor Documents
Shop Floor Documents are printed upon release of the Production
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Order, examples would be:- Operation-based Lists
• Time Tickets, Confirmation Slips
- Component-based Lists• Material Withdrawal Slips, Pull List (consumption list)
- PRT Lists
• Overview of PRT’s used and in which operations
- Multi-Purpose Lists• Operation Control Ticket, Object Overview
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Material Withdrawal
When a production order is created it references a BOM to
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determine the necessary components to produce the material, itthen places a reservation on each of the components
Upon release of the order (or operation) you can withdraw thereserved materials from inventory- Reservation is updated
- Inventory is updated- Costs are assigned to the order as actual costs
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Confirmations
Confirmations are used to monitor and track the progression of and th h it d ti l
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order through its production cycle
- Confirmation can be done at the operation or order level
Exact confirmation shortly after completion of an operation isessential for realistic production planning and control
Data that needs confirmation include
- Quantities – yield, scrap, rework- Activity data – setup time, machine time- Dates – setup, processing, teardown started or finished- Personnel data – employee who carried out the operation, number of
employee involved in the operation- Work center
- Goods movements – planned and unplanned- Variance reasons- PRT usage
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Confirmations
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Goods Receipt
Acceptance of the confirmed quantity of output from the production
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order into stock- Effects of the Goods Receipt
• Updates stock quantity
• Updates stock value
• Price stored for future valuation changes
• Production order is updated
- Three documents are created• Material document
• Accounting document
• Controlling document
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Order Settlement
Consists of settling the actual costs incurred in the order to one or i t bj t
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more receiver cost objects
- Receivers could include: a material, a cost center, an internal order, asales order, a project, a network, a fixed asset
Parameters for Order Settlement- Settlement Profile
• Specifics the receivers, distributions rules and method
- Settlement Structure• Determines how the debit cost elements are assigned to the settlement
cost elements
Settlement Rule- Automatically assigned on creation of order, the parameters are used
to define this rule• Has one or more distribution rules assigned to it• Distribution rules defines: cost receiver, settlement share, settlement type
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Order Settlement
Settling a Production Order to Stock
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- Debt posting is made to the Production Order with the value of thematerial
- Difference between the debt posting and credit posting is posted to aprice difference account
Material Prod. Order Price Diff.
100 2080
**Material Price determine by the quantity produced times the Standard Price in the MaterialMaster.
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Order Settlement
Costs analyzed
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- Primary• Materials
• External Processing
- Secondary• Production, Material, and Administrative Overhead
• Labor
Cost Analysis Reporting- Calculate and analyze planned costs, target costs, and actual costs of
the production order.
- Calculate and analyze variances
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Order Status
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© 2008 SAP AG
Financial Accounting (FI)
SAP University Alliances
Version 1.0
Authors Stephen TracyBret Wagner Stefan Weidner
ProductSAP ERP 6.0Global Bike Inc.
LevelBeginner
FocusCross-functional integration
Financial Accounting
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Goal of FI
Financial accounting is designed to collect the transactional datath t id f d ti f i th t d d tf li f
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that provides a foundation for preparing the standard portfolio of
reports
In general, these reports are primarily, but not exclusively, directedat external parties
Standard reports include:
- Balance Sheet- Income Statement
- Statement of Cash Flows
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Target Audience
Internal External
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- Executives
- Senior Management
- Administrative Staff
- Employees
- Legal Authorities
- Banks
- Auditors
- Shareholders
- Insurance
- Taxing Authorities
- Media
- Financial Analysts
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Organizational Objects
These represent the legal and/or organizational views of ant i
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enterprise
They form a framework that supports the activities of a business inthe manner desired by management
Permit the accurate and organized collection of businessinformation
Support the development and presentation of relevant informationin order to enable and support business decisions
Organizational Objects:- Company Code
- Chart of Accounts
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Company Code
Represents an independent legal accounting unit
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Balanced set of books, as required by law, are prepared at thislevel
A client may have more than one company code- United States
- United Kingdom
- South America- Canada
- GermanyLiabilities &
Owners Equity Assets
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
General Ledger (G/L) Accounts
The unique combination of Company Code and Chart of Accountcreates a data storage area called a General Ledger
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creates a data storage area called a General Ledger
The General Ledger contains a listing of the transactions effectingeach account in the Chart of Accounts and the respective accountbalance
It is utilized in the preparation of financial accounting statements
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Posting a G/L Entry
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
G/L Account Summary
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Account number 100100 Bank AccountCompany code 00A1
Period Debit Credit DC bal. BalanceC/f bal. 750,000.00Period 1 5,250.00 3,540.00 1,710.00 751,710.00Period 2 25,000.00 15,000.00 10,000.00 761,710.00
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Balance Sheet
Presentation of an organization’s Assets, Liabilities, and Equity ata point in time
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a point in time
Assets: What the company owns
Liabilities: What the company owes
Equity: The difference between Assets and Liabilities
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Balance Sheet – Sample
Assets Liabilities
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Assets
Cash 1,000Accounts Receivable 3,000Equipment 500
Total Assets 4,500
Liabilities
Accounts Payable 750Taxes Payable 250
Total Liabilities 1,250
EquityCommon Stock 2,000
Retained Earnings 250Total Equity 2,250
Total Liabilitiesand Equity 4,500
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Income Statement
Presentation of an organization’s Revenues and Expenses for agiven period of time (e g monthly quarterly or yearly)
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given period of time (e.g., monthly, quarterly, or yearly)
Revenues, in a simple sense, are inflows of cash as a result of selling activities or the disposal of company assets
Expenses, in a simple sense, are outflows of cash or the creationof liabilities to support company operations
Revenues - Expenses = Net Income
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Statement of Cash Flows
Considers the associated changes, both inflows and outflows, that haveoccurred in cash – arguably the most important of all assets – over a given
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g y p g
period of time (e.g., monthly, quarterly, or annually)
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Customer and Vendor Accounts
Customer and Vendor account balances are maintained in FI through fullyintegrated accounts receivable and accounts payable sub-modules
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g p y
Financial postings for Customers and Vendors are made directly to their respective individual accounts and accompanied by a concurrent automaticposting to the General Ledger
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Customer Accounts
Accounts Receivable Sub-Module- Information with respect to Customers who purchase the enterprise’s goods and
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Information with respect to Customers who purchase the enterprise s goods and
services such as sales and payments made- Substantive and important integration between Sales and Distribution (SD) and
FI
- Billings in SD generate FI journal entries for sales activity
Accounts Receivable(General Ledger)
950
300
Customer 142
150
Customer 123
400
Customer 135
100
Customer 189
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Accountants and Audit Trails
Audit trails allow an auditor to begin with an account balance on a financialstatement and trace through the accounting records to the transactions
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g g
that support the account balance Audit trails enable an auditor to trace individual transactions to the effected
account balance(s) on a financial statement
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
SAP Document Principle
Each business transaction impacting FI writes data to the SAP databasecreating a uniquely numbered electronic document
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The document number can be used to recall the transaction at a later date
It contains, for example, such critical and necessary information as:- Responsible person
- Date and time of the transaction
- Commercial content
Once written to the SAP database, a financial document (one impacting thefinancial position of the company) can not be deleted from the database
It can be changed to some degree
The SAP document principle provides a solid and important framework for
a strong internal control system – a requirement of law for companies thatoperate in the United States
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
SAP Document Principle
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Period 1Doc. no. DT Doc.date Currency Amount1500000013 KZ 01/05/04 USD 1,800.00 -1500000014 KZ 01/06/04 USD 990.00 -
100000012 SA 01/08/04 USD 750.00 -1400000342 DZ 01/14/04 USD 5,250.00 -
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
SAP FI Module
Fully integrated with other SAP modules including, but not limited to:- Sales and Distribution (SD)
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( )
- Materials Management (MM)- Production Planning and Execution (PP)
- Managerial Accounting (CO)
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Summary
Purpose
SAP FI Organizational Objects
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SAP FI Organizational Objects
Financial Statements
Customer/Vendor Accounts
Audit Trails
Document Principle Integration
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
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© 2008 SAP AG
Controlling (CO)
SAP University Alliances
Version 1.0
Authors Stephen TracyBret Wagner Stefan Weidner
ProductSAP ERP 6.0Global Bike Inc.
LevelBeginner
FocusCross-functional integration
Controlling
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Goal of CO
Managerial accounting – termed controlling – is designed to collectthe transactional data that provides a foundation for preparing
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internal reports that support decision-making within the enterprise These reports are exclusively for use within the enterprise and
include:- Cost center performance
- Profit center performance
- Budgets analyses
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Target Audience
Executives
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Senior Management Department Managers
Controllers
Cost Accountants
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Organizational Objects
These represent the legal and/or organizational views of anenterprise
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They form a framework that supports the activities of a business inthe manner desired by management
Permit the accurate and organized collection of businessinformation
Support the development and presentation of relevant informationin order to enable and support business decisions
Organizational Objects:- Company Code - Cost Center
- Chart of Accounts - Internal Order - Controlling Area - Profit Center
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Company Code
Represents an independent legal accounting unit
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Balanced set of books, as required by law, are prepared at thislevel
A client may have more than one company code- United States
- United Kingdom
- South America- Canada
- GermanyLiabilities &
Owners Equity Assets
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Chart of Accounts & Controlling Area
Chart of Accounts- A complete listing of the accounts that exist in the General Ledger for
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a company- Since a given enterprise (e.g., General Motors) can consist of several
separate legal entities (e.g., Cadillac, Chevrolet), separate companycodes can be created for each entity while each uses the same chartof accounts so that consolidated statements can be prepared.
Controlling Area- A self-contained, organizational element for which the management of
revenues and expenses can be performed
- A controlling area may include one or more company codes; therefore,an enterprise can perform management accounting analyses and
reports across several companies- A way to identify and track where revenues and costs are incurred for
evaluation purposes
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Profit Center & Cost Center
Profit Center - Responsible for revenue generation and cost containment
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- Evaluated on profit or return on investment- Enterprises are commonly divided into profit centers based on
• Region• Function• Product
Cost Center - Responsible for cost containment, not responsible for revenuegeneration
• One or more value-added activities are performed within each cost center • Unit that is distinguished, for example, by area of responsibility, location, or
type of activity
• Copy center • Security department• Maintenance department
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Internal Order
Temporary cost center responsible for cost containment, notresponsible for revenue generation
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It is used to plan, collect, and monitor the costs associated with adistinct short-term event, activity, or project- Company picnic
- Trade show
-Recruiting campaign
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Revenue Elements
A one-to-one linkage (mapping) between General Ledger revenueaccounts and CO revenue elements is established to permit the
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transfer of FI revenue information to CO Posting in FI that impact revenue accounts lead to an posting in
CO to a revenue element
In other words, revenue account = revenue element – just different
words depending on whether FI object or CO object
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Cost Elements
A one-to-one linkage (mapping) between General Ledger expenseaccounts and CO cost elements is established to permit the transfer of FI
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expense information to CO Postings in FI that impact cost accounts lead to an posting in CO to a cost
element
In other words, expense account = cost element – just different wordsdepending on whether FI object or CO object
Primary Cost Element- Originate in the General Ledger within FI and are automatically transferred to
CO when an FI transaction is recorded in the General Ledger
Secondary Cost Element- Used exclusively in CO for allocations and settlements between and amongstcost centers
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Primary and Secondary Cost Elements
FinancialManagerial
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Accounting(FI)
General Ledger Accounts
RevenueAccounts
BalanceSheet
IncomeStatement
Expense
Accounts
Accounting(CO)
Aggregate Cost Elements
Primary Cost
Elements
Secondary Cost
Elements
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Posting Primary Cost Element
Financial Accounting (FI)
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Primary Cost
Element
Debit Credit
1,500
Cost
Center A
Debit Credit
1,500
Supplies Expense Cash
Managerial Accounting (CO)
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Posting Primary Cost Element
Financial Accounting (FI)
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(FI) TransactionDocument
AmountG/L Account #Cost Center
1900012432
(CO) TransactionDocument
Cost Center Cost Element
20000657
1,5001,500
CashDebit Credit
Supplies ExpenseDebit Credit
Cost Center
1,500
Managerial Accounting (CO)
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SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Statistical Key Figures
Provide the foundation for accurate and effective cost allocationsbetween cost objects
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Utilized to support internal cost allocations involving allocations,assessments, and distributions
Examples: number of employees, square footage, minutes of computer usage
CopyCenter Activity
(20 Hours)
10 Hours
6 Hours
4 Hours
Executive Offices
MaintenanceDepartment
Information ServicesDepartment
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Posting Secondary Cost Element
Rent Expense
Executive Offices
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Debit Credit
1,500
Debit Credit
2,500
Supplies Expense
Debit Credit
2,000
Labor Expense
1,5002,500
2,000
1,800
3,000
1,200
P r i m a r y C o s t E l e m e n t
Primary Cost Elem
ent
Primary
Cost El
emen
t
Sec. Cos
t Elemen
t
Sec. Cost Element
S e c . C o s t E l e m e n t
CopyCenter
Information Services
MaintenanceDepartment
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Types of Allocation
Distributions – primary cost elements
Assessments – combination of primary and/or secondary cost elements
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Distribution- Method for periodically allocating primary cost elements- Primary cost elements maintain their identities in both the sending and receiving
objects
- Sender and receiver cost centers are fully documented in a unique Controlling(CO) document
Assessment- A method of allocating both primary and secondary cost elements- Primary and/or secondary cost elements are grouped together and transferred
to receiver cost centers through use of a secondary cost element- Sender and receiver cost centers are fully documented in a unique Controlling
(CO) document
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Distributions
Receivingcost centers
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A010 – 600
sq ft
A005 – 400
sq ftD010 – 550
sq ft
D005 – 900sq ft
S010 – 100
sq ft
S005 – 200
sq ft
A020 – 100
sq ft
A015 – 150
sq ft
Sendingcost center Primary costelementmaintains its
identity
A010 – AdministrationRent Expense
$1,500Distribution
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Distributions
Receivingcost centers
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A015
$75A020
$50S005 –
$100S010 – $50
A010 –$300
D005 –
$450
D010 –
$275
A005 –
$200
A010 – AdministrationRent Expense
$1,500Distribution
Sendingcost center
Primary costelement
maintains itsidentity
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Assessments
Receivingcost center
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A020 – 0%
A005 – 15%
A010 – 5%
A015 – 10%
S005 – 30%S010 – 10%
D005 – 20%
D010 – 10%
A020 – ITSoftware Expense
$4,200
A020 – ITSupplies Expense
$500
Assessment
Sendingcost center Primary and
secondarycost elements
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Assessments
Receiving
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S010 – $470
D010 – $470A005 – $705
A010 – $235
A015 – $470
A020 –$0
S005 – $1,410
D005 – $940
A020 – ITSoftware Expense
$4,200
A020 – ITSupplies Expense
$500
Sendingcost center Primary andsecondary
cost elements
cost center
Assessment
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
SAP CO Module
Fully integrated with other SAP modules including, but not limited to:- Financial Accounting (FI)
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- Materials Management (MM)- Sales and Distribution (SD)
- Production Planning and Execution (PP)
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
Summary
Purpose
SAP CO Organizational Objects
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Revenue Elements
Cost Elements
Statistical Key Figures
Allocations
Integration
SAP ERP
SAP University Alliances
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The End