morals, ethics, and leadership tara collins jodie mitchell terri panich
TRANSCRIPT
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Morals, Ethics, and Leadership
Tara CollinsJodie MitchellTerri Panich
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Overview
The five principles of ethical power Ethical systems Ethical systems and leadership Cultural differences in
management styles
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The Five Principles of Ethical Power
Purpose Pride Patience Persistence Perspective
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Purpose
Purpose vs. Goal
The mirror test
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Pride
Pride is the sense of satisfaction that you get from accomplishments
People sometimes have too much or too little pride
False pride and self doubt
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Patience
One reason that people are impatient is a lack of faith
What is faith?
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Persistence
Winston Churchill
Being an ethical person means behaving ethically all the time – not only when it is convenient
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Perspective
Perspective is the capacity to see what is really important in any given situation
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The Interrelationship Between the 5 P’s
Perspect-
ive
Persist-ence
Patience
Pride
PurposePurpose
Pride
Patience
Persistence
Perspective
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Balance of the 5 P’s
There has to be balance between these 5 principles of ethical power
How does one find this balance?
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Ethical Systems Ethical System: set of ground rules for
making a right decision (Hitt 98)
There are 4 ethical systems:1. End-result ethics2. Rule ethics3. Social contract ethics4. Personalistic ethics
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End-result Ethics
Moral rightness of action is determined by consequences (Hitt 100)
Action is (im)moral depending on the happiness it promotes
Highest good is a life of pleasure
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Rule Ethics
Moral rightness of action is determined by laws (Hitt 100)
Rules provide standards people can judge their actions on
Highest good is a life of virtue
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Social Contract Ethics
Moral rightness of action is determined by the customs of a community (Hitt 100)
People act according to a common authority
Benefits are reciprocated between the members and community
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Personalistic Ethics
Moral rightness of action is determined by one’s conscience (Hitt 100)
Actions are judged on personal convictions
Beliefs change with time = actions in a situation will also change with time
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Leadership Styles
Four leadership styles correspond to the above ethical systems:1. Manipulator2. Bureaucratic administrator3. Professional manager4. Transforming leader
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Manipulator
Corresponds to end-result ethics
Primary function of leadership is to use deception to further one’s own end
(Hitt 137)
“End justifies the means”
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Bureaucratic Administrator
Corresponds to rule ethics
Primary function of leadership is to enforce rules (Hitt 137)
Control shifts from the leader to the rules
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Professional Manager
Corresponds to social contract ethics
Primary function of leadership is to accomplish things (Hitt 137)
Social contract arises because the organization establish rules and leader agrees to abide by them
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Transforming Leader
Corresponds to personalistic ethics
Primary function of leadership is to life followers to better selves (Hitt 137)
Leader views people in terms of potential not actualities
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Cultural Differences in Ethics
Ethical decision processes vary from culture to culture
Examples:• Bribery study done with Nigerian and
American Business Students (Tsalikis and Nwachukwu, 1991)
• Interest of managers in US, France, and Germany (Becker and Fritzche, 1987)
• Business relations in China
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Understanding Cultural Differences
Four Management Styles: 1. The Family2. The Eiffel Tower3. The Guided Missile4. The Incubator
Trompenaars, 1993
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The Family
Hierarchical power-oriented corporate culture
Used in Japan, India, Italy, and Spain
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The Eiffel Tower
Rule Driven
Used in France, Germany, and Holland
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The Guided Missile
Do whatever it takes
Used in America and the UK
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The Incubator
Fulfilling the employees’ needs and aspirations
Used in Sweden
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Final Note
Trompenaars believes: “In every culture, authority, bureaucracy,
creativity, empowerment, verification, and accountability are experienced in different ways”. (Shackleton, 162)
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Conclusion Management Systems are influenced
by:• Ethical systems
• Leadership styles
• Management styles
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Works Cited and Consulted
Blanchard, Kenneth and Norman Vincent Peale, The Power of Ethical Management. New York, New York: Willow Marrow and Co, Inc, 1988.
Hitt, William D. Ethics and Leadership: Putting Theory into Practice. Columbus, Ohio: Battleford Press, 1990.
Rittenburg, Terri L. and Valentine, Sean R. “Spanish and American Executives’ Ethical Judgments and Intentions.” Journal of Business Ethics 38 (2002): 291-306.
Shackleton, Viv. Business Leadership. New York, New York: Routledge, 1995.