mosith02 systems&models

8/7/2019 MOSITH02 Systems&Models

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INSTRUCTOR: EL JIREH P.BIBANGCO

Systems and ModelsSystems and ModelsChapter 2Chapter 2 El Jireh P. BibangcoEl Jireh P. Bibangco


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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

In this chapter you will learn about:In this chapter you will learn about:

System: Characteristics and CompositionSystem: Characteristics and Composition

Models and CategoryModels and Category Simulation Life CycleSimulation Life Cycle


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SystemSystem

Definition:Definition: a group of objects that area group of objects that arejoined together in some regularjoined together in some regularintersection or interdependenceintersection or interdependencetowards the accomplishment of sometowards the accomplishment of some

purpose.purpose. A system has three characteristics:A system has three characteristics:

A system has more than one elementA system has more than one element

All elements of a system are logicallyAll elements of a system are logicallyrelatedrelated

All elements of a system are controlled inAll elements of a system are controlled ina manner to achieve the system goal(s)a manner to achieve the system goal(s)


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SystemSystem (cont.)(cont.)

System environmentSystem environment everythingeverythingoutside the system and has influenceoutside the system and has influenceon it behavioron it behavior

BoundaryBoundary line that separates a systemline that separates a systemfrom its environmentfrom its environment

EntityEntity object of interest in a systemobject of interest in a system AttributeAttribute a characteristic of an entitya characteristic of an entity

BehaviorBehavior an action that an entity isan action that an entity iscapable of performingcapable of performing

ActivityActivity represents a time period ofrepresents a time period ofspecified lengthspecified length


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Entity On FocusEntity On Focus

Example Entity:Example Entity: Bank CustomerBank Customer

Attribute:Attribute: balance in their accounts, name,balance in their accounts, name,addressaddress

Behavior:Behavior: deposit, withdraw, sitdeposit, withdraw, sit Activity:Activity: making deposits, withdrawingmaking deposits, withdrawing


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SystemSystem (cont.)(cont.)

StateState(state variable)(state variable) collection ofcollection ofvariables necessary to describe avariables necessary to describe asystemsystem EndogenousEndogenous value determined by othervalue determined by other

variablesvariables ExogenousExogenous unaffected valuesunaffected values

EventEvent instantaneous occurinstantaneous occurrrence thatence thatmay change that state of the systemmay change that state of the system EndogenousEndogenous occuring within a systemoccuring within a system

ExogenousExogenous in the environment thatin the environment thataffect the systemaffect the system


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S Y S T E MActual System System Model

Physical ModelMathematical

Model

Analytical Solution Simulation

Studying a SystemStudying a System


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Great teacherMany situationsDeal with the unexpectedThorough understanding of

processes

Broader knowledge

ExpensiveNot always practicalTime consumingImpossible for all situationsCan be complex

ConsPros

Experience

Experience On FocusExperience On Focus

INSTRUCTOR EL JIREH P


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ConsPros

Experience

MorePros


CheapFlexibleFastAdaptableSimplifying

Simulation

ProvidesVirtualExperience

Great teacherMany situationsDeal with the unexpectedThorough understanding of

processes

Broader knowledge

Why Model?Why Model?



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ImplementationSituation Decision Payoff

Should the software company developsimulation software in addition to

game software?

Owner has been a programmer for 25 yearsand thinks the simulation software will sell:

Well & Good!

The company spends P500,000 on newsoftware and advertising.

The simulation software sell well!But fewer game software can be developed

Net profit falls

Relying solely on intuition is riskyNo feedback until the final outcome

An Approach to DecisionAn Approach to Decision

MakingMaking



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Situation Decisions

Symbolic World

Real World

Model

Abstrac

tion

Interpre

tation

ResultsAnalysis

Intuition

Judgment

Decision Making Using aDecision Making Using a

ModelModel



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ImplementationDecision Payoff

Interpretation of model results

Intuition of situation

Decision Making Using aDecision Making Using a

ModelModel



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Models and TypesModels and Types

ModelModel representation of a systemrepresentation of a system Types of Models:Types of Models:

Static or DynamicStatic or Dynamic in static models,in static models,time plays no role while dynamic modelstime plays no role while dynamic models

evolve over timeevolve over time Deterministic or StochasticDeterministic or Stochastic

deterministic model does not containdeterministic model does not containany probabilistic components, whileany probabilistic components, while

stochastic models incorporate randomstochastic models incorporate randominputsinputs

Discrete or ContinuousDiscrete or Continuous in discretein discretemodel, state variables changemodel, state variables changeinstantaneously, while in continuousinstantaneously, while in continuous

model, state variables changemodel, state variables change



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Simulation Life CycleSimulation Life Cycle

n te llig e n ce P h a se M a n a g e ria l P h a se

lity Assurance Phase Developmental Phase Implementation Phase, ,Operations Maintenance and Arc

INSTRUCTOR: EL JIREH P


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Intelligence PhaseIntelligence Phase

Definition:Definition: involves understanding theinvolves understanding theenvironment and determining problemenvironment and determining problemto be solved.to be solved. Problem DefinitionProblem Definition definition ofdefinition of

objectives, and understanding of theobjectives, and understanding of theunderlying problem.underlying problem.

General FeasibilityGeneral Feasibility conductconductpreliminary feasibility study (TELOSpreliminary feasibility study (TELOS

technical, econimical, legal, operational,technical, econimical, legal, operational,and schedule feasibility)and schedule feasibility)



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Managerial PhaseManagerial Phase

Definition:Definition: overall project plan; team,overall project plan; team,budget, and time managementbudget, and time management Development of proposalsDevelopment of proposals used toused to

organized effort and ensure allorganized effort and ensure all

participants are working toward aparticipants are working toward acommon goalcommon goal

Securing a budgetSecuring a budget

Acquiring managerial supportAcquiring managerial support

FForming a project teamorming a project team



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Developmental PhaseDevelopmental Phase

Definition:Definition: includes creation ofincludes creation ofsimulation models and broke it intosimulation models and broke it intosubmodels.submodels. ModelModel Scaling (prototype)Scaling (prototype)

Model ScopeModel Scope determining the portiondetermining the portionof the system to be representedof the system to be represented(partitioning)(partitioning)

Modeling ViewsModeling Views event orientation,event orientation,

process orientation, or activityprocess orientation, or activityorientationorientation

Data Collection and AnalysisData Collection and Analysis



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Quality Assurance PhaseQuality Assurance Phase

Definition:Definition: an ongoing activity toan ongoing activity toensure a high quality simulationensure a high quality simulationemerges during developmentemerges during development System ValidationSystem Validation accuracy of theaccuracy of the

simulation model as representation ofsimulation model as representation ofthe real-world systemthe real-world system

Input Data ValidationInput Data Validation qualitative andqualitative andquantitative input formatquantitative input format

Simulation Output ValidationSimulation Output Validation comparison with data from similarcomparison with data from similarsystem; expert opinion; and calculatedsystem; expert opinion; and calculatedexpectations.expectations.



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Implementation PhaseImplementation Phase

Definition:Definition: model use begins andmodel use begins anddecision support activities take placedecision support activities take place Documentation and ReportingDocumentation and Reporting

progress and program documentationprogress and program documentation

System Model DeploymentSystem Model Deployment



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INSTRUCTOR: EL JIREH P.BIBANGCOOperations, Maintenance, &Operations, Maintenance, &

ArchivalArchival Definition:Definition: involves storing of theinvolves storing of the

model with consideration of itsmodel with consideration of itspotential future usepotential future use



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ENDENDThank YouThank You

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