MOTIVATIOMOTIVATIONN

A PROCESS OF INSPIRING A PROCESS OF INSPIRING

OTHERS FOR DOING OTHERS FOR DOING

SOMETHINGSOMETHING

NEED DRIVE EFFORTS

SUCCESS

FAILURE

DEFENSE MECHANISM

--FRUSTRATION--AGGRESSION--DEPRESSION

--DELUSION--WITHDRAWL

MODELS

EARLYTHEORIES

CONTEMPORARYTHEORIES

SCIENTIFICMANAGEMENT

HUMANRELATIONS

MODEL

CONTENT THEORIES

PROCESSTHEORIES

MASLOW’S NEED

HIERARCHYTHEORY

HERZBERG’STWO FACTOR

THEORY

ALDERFER’SERG

THEORY

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

THEORY

GOALSETTINGTHEORY

VROOM’SEXPECTANCY

MODEL

ADAM’S EQUITYTHEORY

PORTERLAWLER’S

MODEL

CONTENT THEORIESCONTENT THEORIES

MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORYMASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY

HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORYHERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY

(A) HYGIENE FACTORS(A) HYGIENE FACTORS

WORKING CONDITIONS, SALARY, WORKING CONDITIONS, SALARY,

HARMONIOUS RELATIONS ETC.HARMONIOUS RELATIONS ETC.

(B) MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS(B) MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS

INCENTIVES, RECOGNITION, INCENTIVES, RECOGNITION,

PRAISE, AFFILIATION ETC.PRAISE, AFFILIATION ETC.

ALDERFER’S ERG THEORYALDERFER’S ERG THEORY

(1)(1) EXISTENCEEXISTENCE : BASIC AND : BASIC AND

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDSPHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

(2)(2) RELATEDNESSRELATEDNESS : SOCIAL AND : SOCIAL AND

AFFILIATION NEEDAFFILIATION NEED

(3)(3) GROWTHGROWTH : NEED TO GROW AND : NEED TO GROW AND

DEVELOPDEVELOP

Mc CLELLAND’S NEED Mc CLELLAND’S NEED ACHIEVEMENT THEORYACHIEVEMENT THEORY

(1)(1) NEED FOR POWER (NEED FOR POWER (nPow nPow ))

(2)(2) NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT

((nAch nAch ))

(3)(3) NEED FOR AFFILIATION (NEED FOR AFFILIATION (nAff nAff ))

PROCESS THEORIESPROCESS THEORIES

GOAL SETTING THEORYGOAL SETTING THEORY

GOAL GOAL COMMITMENT

TASKPERFORMANCE

MEETINGTHE

GOAL

DESIRETO MEETTHE GOAL

SELF-EFFICACYBELIEF

VROOM’S EXPECTANCY MODELVROOM’S EXPECTANCY MODEL

EXPECTANCY : The belief that particular level of effort will be EXPECTANCY : The belief that particular level of effort will be

followed by particular level of performance. Range from 0 to +1.followed by particular level of performance. Range from 0 to +1.

INTRUMENTALITY : Perception of an individual that first level INTRUMENTALITY : Perception of an individual that first level

outcomes are associated with second level outcomes. Range outcomes are associated with second level outcomes. Range

from -1 to +1.from -1 to +1.

VALENCE : Individuals preference for second level outcomes.VALENCE : Individuals preference for second level outcomes.

Outcome of Positive Valence : Eager to achieveOutcome of Positive Valence : Eager to achieve

Outcome of Negative Valence : Eager to avoid or resist. Outcome of Negative Valence : Eager to avoid or resist.

(In both the cases the person will be motivated to put effort)(In both the cases the person will be motivated to put effort)

ADAM’S EQUITY THEORYADAM’S EQUITY THEORY

Based on social comparison Based on social comparison

(1)(1) PersonPerson

(2)(2) Comparison otherComparison other

(3)(3) InputsInputs

(4)(4) OutcomesOutcomes Comparisonof self with

others

Inequity Equity

-Change input-Leaving field-Alter things

Motivation

PORTER LAWLER MODELPORTER LAWLER MODEL

VALUE OF REWARDS

ABILITIES AND

TRAITS

PERCIEVEDEQUITABLE REWARDS

SATISFACTION

INTRINSICREWARDS

EXTRINSICREWARDS

ROLE PERCEPTION

PERCIEVEDEFFORT-REWARD

PROBABILITY

EFFORTS PERFORMANCEACCOMPLISHMENT