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What is motivation?• Motivation is the force that makes us do things:• the result of our individual needs being satisfied (or met) so that

we have the inspiration, energy and will to complete tasks at or above standards.

• A Stimulus to Action• Drawing force for activity towards goal• Reason behind a movement for change in action, state or position

MacGregor’s Theories X & Y

Theory X1. People are naturally lazy,

they prefer doing nothing

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Theory Y1. People are naturally active;

they set goals and enjoy striving

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MacGregor’s Theories X & YTheory X2. People work mostly for money and status rewards

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Theory Y 2. People seek many satisfactions in

work• Pride in achievement• Enjoyment of process• Sense of contribution• Pleasure in association• Stimulation of new challenges

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MacGregor’s Theories X & Y

Theory X3. The main focus keeping people productive in their work is fear of being demoted or fired!

Theory Y

3. The main force keeping people productive in their work is desire to achieve their personal and social goalstvkyfjudK;pm;wm tvkyf+yKwfrSm

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MacGregor’s Theories X & YTheory X4. People remain children grown larger; they are naturally dependent on leaders

Theory Y

4. People normally mature beyond childhood; they aspire to independence, self fulfillment and responsibility

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MacGregor’s Theories X & Y

Theory X5. People expect and depend upon direction from above; they do not want to think by themselves

Theory Y

5. People close to the situation see and feel what is needed and are capable of self direction

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MacGregor’s Theories X & Y

Theory X6. People need supervisors who watch them closely enough to be able to praise good work and correct errors

Theory Y6. People need a sense that

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MacGregor’s Theories X & YTheory X7. People are naturally compartmentalized; work demands are entirely different from leisure activities

Theory Y

7. People are naturally integrating work and play;

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Maslow’s Theory for MotivationAssumed that behavior is directed towards the satisfaction of certain needs

The attempt to satisfy these needs was the basis of motivation

Motivation could be explained by this “hierarchy of needs”

Maslow’s Theory for Motivation

Herzberg’s Theory for Motivation

Satisfiers and Dis-satisfiers(Job content-motivators) (Environmental factors)

1. Achievement2. Recognition3. Work itself4. Responsibility5. Advancement6. Growth

1. Company policy and administration

2. Supervision3. Working conditions4. Interpersonal relations5. Salary6. Status7. Job security8. Personal life

Sources of Motivation:

• Intrinsically Motivation: is behavior that is performed for its own sake;

• Employees who are intrinsically motivated often remark that their work gives them a sense of accomplishment and achievement

• They feel they are doing something worthwhile.• Motives are intrinsic when an independent third party cannot easily verify them• (rdrdbmom rdrdvkyf7yftay:

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Sources of Motivation:

Extrinsic Motivation: is behavior that is performed to acquire material or social rewards or to avoid punishment.

• The behavior is not performed for its own sake but rather for its consequences.

• This form of motivation may be linked to operant conditioning.• Motives are extrinsic when they can easily be verified by an

independent third party.

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The Power of Praise • Sincere and meaningful praise is a powerful and important

motivator. Praise builds interpersonal connections, strengthens teamwork, and encourages others to do their best.

• Praise must be sincere—mean it. • The best praise is specific to a specific individual • Praise does not have to be elaborate or lengthy or chatty • Praise regularly but don’t overdo it so it loses its impact. • Avoid “manufactured” praise. It must come from your genuine self. • Use both written and verbal praise. • Don’t attach added work or other “conditions” or expectations to

your praise. • Praise an individual to a third person. Third party praise is very

meaningful. • Sometimes a non-verbal praise is just as effective as verbal praise: a

pat on the back, a nod, a handshake, etc.