OUT OF ISOLATIONMr. Argall

Isolationisma policy of remaining apart from the affairs or

interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

This was the main Foreign Policy pursued by the United States for much of it’s early history.

Imperialisma policy of extending

a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Many of the nations of Europe had already been pursuing this type of policy.

We were late to the party….Nations pursued imperialism because of

national pride or a feeling of cultural superiority (feeling that your way of life is better, and you need to spread it to other peoples) A good example of this was Social Darwinism.

The United States still feels the pull of Manifest Destiny (The belief that the United States was destined to expand Westward). This leads the country to continue looking westward.

Branching outHawaii

Actually explored in 1778 by the British

Was a monarchy (King Kamehameha)

Population decimated by disease Many US businesses sprang up

there (Sugar), they wanted control over the islands.

These business owners (Led by Dole) used their resources to overthrow the monarchy and take over.

Hawaii eventually becomes a territory in 1898, and a State in 1959

So far West we went Far EastUS pushes for influence in China

Since we were late to the game, we were shut out of China.

Sec of State pushes what was called the “Open Door Policy”. This would give equal trading rights to all nations in China

US influences in JapanWe sent a fleet(uninvited) to TokyoThis bullying tactic worked, and Japan opened

its ports to the US

The Spanish American WarThere was unrest in Cuba in the

late 1800s. Spain attempted to put down the rebels, but the treatment of the Cubans by the Spanish horrified many Americans. Newspapers, like Pulitzer’s, made sure the word got out to fan the flames of war.

Feb 15th, 1898 The Maine, a US ship sent to Havana mysteriously blew up. A Spanish mine was blamed. When President McKinley demanded Cuba’s independence, Spain refused and war was declared by Congress.

A war in two placesCuba The PhillipinesWe were unprepared for this

conflict Woolen outfits Old equipment Bad food

The war is fought by US Regulars, Rough Riders, and Buffalo Soldiers

The Americans eventually take Santiago after the Battle of San Juan Hill and the sinking of the Spanish Fleet at Santiago

There was a Spanish Fleet there. Admiral Dewey was put in charge of taking it out.

May 1st 1898 The Battle of Manilla Bay. The newer, steel US

ships tear the older, wooden Spanish ships apart

The ResultsThe Spanish are forced to give up Cuba, cede Puerto

Rico and Guam to the United States. Also given to the United States are the Phillipines in exchange for $20 million. The Phillipines is annexed, but fighting continues, as

the Filipinos expected freedom like Cuba. Does not end until 1902. Independence is given on July 4th, 1946

War cost about $250 million2,000 soldiers die (yellow fever)1 year later the US adds the island of SamoaNow the US is considered an Imperialist nation

The US “Empire”

Our own SphereSPHERE OF INFLUENCE - a country or area in which

another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.

The Western Hemisphere Diplomacy

The Roosevelt Corollary – Adds to the Monroe Doctrine. The main addition is the threat to use military force to keep other countries out of the Western Hemisphere. This is also known as “Big Stick Diplomacy”, from Roosevelt’s

famous quote “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” Dollar Diplomacy

Taft introduces this. He promotes US economic interests in Latin America, then uses this economic might to achieve American Policy goals.

Panama Has the smallest land area between the Atlantic and

Pacific Oceans. Ideal place for a canal. Started in the 1880s by the French, because of disease,

climate and geography, they went bankrupt. The US bought them out in 1902. Encouraged a revolt

against the Columbians who ruled Panama at the time, and got control of a 10 mile wide strip of land for the canal.

Disease was a HUGE problem. Malaria and mosquitoes were the culprits.

Canal completed in 1914.

Mexico During this time, Mexico was a dictatorship, under the rule of Profirio

Diaz. He got US investors to come in and modernize the country, but only the

wealthy saw the benefits. He also rigged elections so that he would win (in 1910 he actually jailed

Madero, his opponent) This sparks a revolution.

Actually a series of rebellions. Emiliano Zapata in the South Pancho Villa and Pascual Orozco in the North

Diaz resigns, shaky leadership follows along with a military coup This threatens US business interests, so the US government steps in. The Battle of Vera Cruz follows and the US tries to control the upcoming election

Villa reacts by attacking the USA. USA responds by sending John J Pershing to catch him, he never does.

A new government arises in 1917, backed by the US. But because of the resentment towards Americans, things remain shaky