mrs klos’s super 100 greatest american history facts colonization through the civil war

Mrs Klos’s Super 100 Greatest American History Facts

Colonization Through the Civil WarColonization Through the Civil War

“It’s cooler than ICE!”1. Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent

English settlement, was founded in 1607.Jamestown

Mrs. Klos’s Super 100 Greatest American History Facts


“It’s cooler than ICE!”2.The Declaration of Independence was signed

July 4, 1776 (Written by Thomas Jefferson).Declaration of Independence



“It’s cooler than ICE!”3. The Constitution of the United States was

written in 1787- James Madison is the “Father”Constitution



“It’s cooler than ICE!”4. President Thomas Jefferson purchased the

Louisiana Territory from France in 1803.Louisiana Territory

Sold!

To the United

States for $15

million!



“It’s cooler than ICE!”5. The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865.Civil War

Conf

eder

ates

Union



“It’s cooler than ICE!”6. The ___House of Burgesses was the first

representative assembly in the new world.VA

Are you reading COMIC BOOKS?!?



“It’s cooler than ICE!”7. The first battle of the American Revolution was

at Lexington and Concord in April 1775. Lexington and Concord

That’s good stuff!

Hey Ralph! I bet they hear this shot ‘round the world!



“It’s cooler than ICE!”8. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the

American Revolution (French entered the war).Saratoga



“It’s cooler than ICE!”9. The British defeat in 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia by George Washington’s troops signaled the end of the American

Revolution.

http://www.britishbattles.com/battle-yorktown.htm

Yorktown



“It’s cooler than ICE!”10. Mercantilism is an economic system in which the

mother country controls the trade of its colonies.Mercantilism



“It’s cooler than ICE!”11. A tariff is a tax on goods brought into a country (designed to protect home industries).

Foreign Merchant

tariff



“It’s cooler than ICE!”12. Republicanism is a system of representative

government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them.

Republicanism



“It’s cooler than ICE!”13. The Three Branches of Government are the

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Branches. Legislative, Executive and Judicial



“It’s cooler than ICE!”14. Checks and Balances is a system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power

to check, or control, the actions of the other branches.

Checks and Balances



“It’s cooler than ICE!”15. Federalism is the sharing of power between

the states and the national government.Federalism



“It’s cooler than ICE!”16. The Legislative Branch makes the laws.

The Executive Branch enforces the laws. The Judicial Branch interprets the

meaning of the laws.My name

is Bill Lawmaker

.

I veto you You are

SO guilty!!!

LegislativeExecutive

Judicial



“It’s cooler than ICE!”

Magna Carta, 1215“No freeman shall be seized … except by the lawful judgment

of his peers (equals), or by the law of the

land.”

17. The Magna Carta, signed in 1215 by King John, was the first document that limited power of the ruler.

Magna Carta



“It’s cooler than ICE!”18. The - an agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims in Plymouth. It

is the 1st representative government in America.

Mayflower Compact



“It’s cooler than ICE!”19. The Proclamation

of 1763 limited the colonies from

expanding west of the Appalachian

Mountains

Do not walk this way, by order of the British

Proclamation



“It’s cooler than ICE!”20. The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the

French and Indian War. The debt from the war led to increased British taxation of the colonies.

Your Coercive Acts are

Intolerable!

‘Ere’s your tea, MATE!

Treaty of Paris of 1763



“It’s cooler than ICE!”21. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the

American Bill of Rights.“That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king”

William & Mary

King James II

English Bill of Rights




Sugar1764

Stamp1765

Townshend1767

Intolerable or Coercive1774

Tea1773

Quebec1774

22. These acts following the French & Indian War ticked off the Colonies and

eventually led to the Revolution!

Quartering Act1765



“It’s cooler than ICE!”23. Common Sense - a pamphlet by Thomas Paine that convinced many colonists to support

independence from Great Britain.It is “Paine-ful” to not use Common

Sense.

Get it?

Ha ha!

Common Sense



“It’s cooler than ICE!”24. Thomas Paine wrote pamphlets like Common

Sense and The Crisis to encourage American independence and resolve.

Common

SenseThe

CrisisThese are the times that try men’s souls

Thomas Paine



“It’s cooler than ICE!”25. Ben Franklin wrote the Albany Plan of Union – “Join

or Die!” He also signed the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

An investment in knowledge always pays

the best interest.

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,

wealthy, and wise.

Energy and persistence conquer all things.

He that falls in love with himself will have no rivals.

He that is good for making excuses is seldom good for

anything else.

Never leave that till tomorrow which you can

do today.

I am in the prime of senility.

Well done is better than well said.

Creditors have better memories than debtors.

Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve

neither liberty nor safety.

Albany Plan of Union



“It’s cooler than ICE!”26. Sam Adams, a member of the Sons of Liberty and

leader of the Boston Tea Party, stirred public support for American independence.

Sons of Liberty




“Give me liberty or give

me death!”

27. The fiery orator, patriot and Anti-Federalist Patrick Henry called for American independence and later opposed the Constitution because it did not protect individual liberties.

Patrick Henry



“It’s cooler than ICE!”28. George Washington was the leader of the

Continental Army who later became the first President of the United States .

George Washington




29. A patriot is someone who supported American independence during the Revolution.

patriot

I’m a Patriot, too!

TOUCHDOWN!



“It’s cooler than ICE!”30. A loyalist is

someone who supported

maintaining British rule

over the colonies

during the Revolution.

loyalist



“It’s cooler than ICE!”31. King George III of England: He offended the colonies with his taxes and abuses of our rights as Englishman.

King George III – Statue being pulled down

King George III



“It’s cooler than ICE!”32. The Declaration of Independence - a list of grievances against King George III - was written by

Thomas Jefferson-July 4, 1776. It declared the colonies independent from England.

Dear Georgie,You stink.Love, Tom

Declaration of Independence




Grrrrr… My Rights are God-given, natural rights and you can’t take them from me!!

Woof!

Arf!I am the King of this

kennel, and I will take them If I want!

Bark!!

33. Unalienable rights are rights that cannot be given up, taken away or transferred. Life, liberty and the

pursuit of happiness, are some of those rights.

Unalienable Rights



“It’s cooler than ICE!”34. The Articles of Confederation –

Our 1st National government with one branch (legislative). The states have most of the power. It would be replaced by the Constitution in 1787.

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

•No executive branch•No levying of taxes•No judicial branch

•No regulation of trade

Articles of Confederation



“It’s cooler than ICE!”35. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established the procedures for the expansion of the United States and explains that new

states are admitted to the Union equal to existing states.

Congress appoints governorTo rule territory

With 5,000 free adult males, elect a territorial legislature

60,000 total free population, write a constitution

Congressional approval ofConstitution means statehood

IL IN OH

MI

WI

Northwest Ordinance

MN



“It’s cooler than ICE!”36. The Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an

independent nation.

Treaty of Paris of 1783



“It’s cooler than ICE!”37. Shays’ Rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation & convinced many Founders of the need for a stronger national government.

Shays’ Rebellion



“It’s cooler than ICE!”38. Alexander Hamilton: a leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of the United States, and creator of the Bank of the

U.S. - killed in a duel by the V. P. of the U. S.

Alexander Hamilton

39. The Great Compromise created a bi-cameral (2

House) Legislature we call Congress.

Representation in the House of

Representatives: population; the Senate:

each state gets 2.




Senate -2 for each state

House of Representatives (435)

Great Compromise



“It’s cooler than ICE!”40. The Constitution (our written plan of government) - Created: Philadelphia, 1787. Provides a strong national government with

power balanced between the 3 branches.

Legislative

Executive

Judicial

Power

Power

Power

Constitution




41. James Madison is

considered to be the “Father

of the Constitution”.

I should win

“Father of the Year” for this.

Baby Constitution

#1 Dad!

Madison



“It’s cooler than ICE!”42. Separation of Powers: system in which each

branch of government has its own powers.

Legislative Executive Judicial

Makes Laws Executes LawsInterprets

Laws

Separation of Powers



“It’s cooler than ICE!”43. Ratify means to approve by vote.

Great. Now that we have all signed the Constitution, will the

states vote for it?

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

Sweet! Now the Constitution is RATIFIED!



“It’s cooler than ICE!”44. Amend means to

change. As in amend the Constitution so it works

better. Amendment = change to

the Constitution

I can amend the

Amendments!

2/3

Amend

amend

Amendment

3/4



“It’s cooler than ICE!”45. The Bill of Rights - 1st ten amendments to the Constitution --designed to protect our individual liberties.

Bill of Rights

46. The First Amendment• Protects the freedom of…

• Religion

• Assembly

• Press

• Petition

• Speech






“It’s cooler than ICE!”47. The 2nd Amen

– “A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”

2nd Amendment



“It’s cooler than ICE!”47. The 2nd Amendment – “A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”

2nd Amendment



“It’s cooler than ICE!”48. The 3rd Amendment - "No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but

in a manner to be prescribed by law."

This place looks great!! I think

I’ll move

in.

3rd Amendment

3rd Amendment




8th Amendment - “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual

punishments inflicted.”

49. Due process – how laws are enforced fairly…For example…

4th Amendment - no illegal search or seizure.

5th Amendment - no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy, and no loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

6th Amendment - the right to a speedy trial, a lawyer, to cross examine witnesses, and the right to force witnesses at a trial to testify.

7th Amendment - the right to a jury trial in civil suits.

Due process



“It’s cooler than ICE!”50. The 9th

Amendment - “The enumeration in the Constitution,

of certain rights, shall not be

construed to deny or disparage

others retained by the people.”

WOW!! You mean I get even more rights than what is in the Bill of Rights?!?!?

That Rocks!!

9th Amendment:



“It’s cooler than ICE!”51. The 10th Amendment – “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the

States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” Meaning…

10th Amendment



“It’s cooler than ICE!”52. 13th Amendment “Slavery …shall (not) exist

within the United States..”13th Amendment



“It’s cooler than ICE!”53. The 14th Amendment – Defined the right of

citizenship & ended the 3/5 compromise.

Section 1. “All persons…are citizens of the United States... No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens… nor… deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny… the equal protection of the laws.”

Section 2. “Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed…”

14th Amendment



“It’s cooler than ICE!”54. The 15th Amendment – “The right of citizens of

the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged … on account of race”

I’m free, I have the

rights of all citizens

(14th amend),

and I get to vote?YAY!!

Sadly, many southern states would find ways to prevent African- Americans from voting.

15th Amendment



“It’s cooler than ICE!”55.

the practice of having the authority to

make decisions for

oneself.

Popular Sovereignty



“It’s cooler than ICE!”56. Federalists were supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government.

This rocks!Now we have a strong national

government!

Federalists



“It’s cooler than ICE!”57. The Federalist Papers - a series of

essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and

Alexander Hamilton defending the

Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States

was founded.

Federalist



“It’s cooler than ICE!”58. Anti-federalists were people opposed to the

Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government.

Anti-Federalists



“It’s cooler than ICE!”59. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, became the 3rd President of the United States and purchased the Louisiana territory, doubling the size of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson



“It’s cooler than ICE!”60. George Washington’s Farewell Address advised the United States to stay “neutral in its relations with other nations” and to

avoid “entangling alliances”.

The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial

relations, to have with them as little political

connection as possible....It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances

with any portion of the foreign world.... - George Washington’s Farewell Address

George Washington



“It’s cooler than ICE!”61. Free Enterprise is an economic system where

citizens are free to choose how to make a living.

So thirsty…What to choose?

Free Enterprise

Mrs. Klos’s 100 Greatest American History FactsColonization Through the Civil WarColonization Through the Civil War


62. was the 1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review - the right to

determine whether a law violates the Constitution.

Yo, dawg! You can’t stop me from

becoming a judge!

I guess we will decide this on the

court!

Marbury v. Madison



“It’s cooler than ICE!”63. Industrial Revolution: industry changed from the

production of goods at home (cottage industry) to factory production using powered machinery.

Boott Mill, Lowell Mass.

Industrial Revolution



“It’s cooler than ICE!”64. Robert Fulton’s

steamboat improved

transportation of goods and people

during the Industrial

Revolution.

5 miles an hour!Wooooooooooooo-

hooooooooooooo!!!!We’re flyin’ now boys!!

Robert Fulton

65. Textile MillsThief: Samuel Slater

Importance: Led to large-scale factory production of cloth through the use of power looms. Provided new job opportunities for young women.






“It’s cooler than ICE!”66. Interchangeable

Parts

Inventor: Eli Whitney

Importance: Allowed factories to make products faster & cheaper. Parts could be replaced easily if broken.



“It’s cooler than ICE!”67. Cotton Gin - 1793Inventor: Eli Whitney

Importance: Allowed for fast separation of cotton from seeds, greatly increasing profitability of cotton. This made the use of slavery on plantations essential to cotton farmers in the South.



“It’s cooler than ICE!”68. James Monroe: 5th President & author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the western hemisphere to

European expansion or interference.

John Quincy

Adams Sec. of State

James Monroe:



“It’s cooler than ICE!”Insult my beloved Rachel and I’ll thump your skull. I will hold the Union together, so hush & pay

the tariff SC!

Your Bank bill stinks Congress! Now you must get vetoed and

thumped by Old Hickory!

69. Andrew Jackson was a self-

made man & founder of the

modern Democratic Party.

He was responsible for the Trail of Tears and he supported the Union during the Nullification Crisis

AndrewJackson



“It’s cooler than ICE!”70. Trail of Tears forced the Indians in the southeastern

U.S. to move west of the Mississippi River.

Chickasaw

Choctaw

Cherokee

Creek

The United States

Trail of Tears:



“It’s cooler than ICE!”71. Nullification is the idea of a state declaring a federal law unconstitutional or not in force in that state.

WebsterWebster:: Liberty and Union, now andLiberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. forever, one and inseparable.

JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Union—it must beOur Federal Union—it must be preserved. preserved.

CalhounCalhoun:: The Union, next to our The Union, next to our liberty,liberty, most dear. most dear.

Nullification



“It’s cooler than ICE!”72. Daniel Webster - a Massachusetts Congressman and Senator who spoke for the North and the preservation of the

Union. ““Liberty and Union, now andLiberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.” forever, one and inseparable.”

Look into my eyes and

repeat after

me…

Union,Union,Union

Daniel Webster

Mrs. Klos’s100 Greatest American History Facts


“It’s cooler than ICE!”74. John C. Calhoun was a South Carolina Congressman and Senator who spoke for the South before and during the Civil War.

““The Union, The Union, next to our next to our liberty,liberty,most dear” most dear”

John C. Calhoun



“It’s cooler than ICE!”74. Henry Clay was a powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who proposed the American System and the

Compromise of 1850. Known as the Great Compromiser

States– Or I

will get you!

Can’t we all just

get along?

Henry Clay

Union…

Union…

Union…



“It’s cooler than ICE!”75. Manifest Destiny is the belief that the United States should own all of the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent … It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air .”

John O Sullivan 1845

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent … It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air .”

John O Sullivan 1845

““American American Progress” by John Progress” by John

Gast, 1872Gast, 1872

““American American Progress” by John Progress” by John

Gast, 1872Gast, 1872

Manifest Destiny



“It’s cooler than ICE!”76. Westward Expansion - Draw an outline map of the US. Label the Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, Mormon Trail, and California Trail.

See page 506 of textbook.



“It’s cooler than ICE!”77. Reform movements like :

Public education promotes knowledge and skills that open the doors to opportunity.

“Education, then, beyond all other devices of human

origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men…”

Horace Mann, 1848(#41, 2004 TAKS)

Public Education



“It’s cooler than ICE!”78. Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Seneca Falls Convention, creating the Women’s Rights Movement in the United States.

Women join theabolitionistMovement.

Women areprevented from

Speaking publicly atAbolitionist meetings.

?

Ain’t I a woman?

Sojourner Truth

Women’s Rights

Movement

Women’s Rights Movement



“It’s cooler than ICE!”79. The Temperance Movement was a campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol.Temperance Movement



“It’s cooler than ICE!”80. An abolitionist was a person who wanted to end

slavery in the United States. Abolish - to get rid of.

Harriet Tubman helped over 300 slaves to freedom in the North

through the Underground Railroad.

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

Outspoken white Outspoken white abolitionistabolitionist

Founded Founded The LiberatorThe Liberator,, a an n anti-slavery magazine, in anti-slavery magazine, in

1831.1831.

abolitionist



“It’s cooler than ICE!”81. The Compromise of 1850 would try to solve the divisions between free and slave states or territories.

The Fugitive Slave Act would upset Northerners.

The Compromise of 1850



“It’s cooler than ICE!”82. Sectionalism is

a strong sense of loyalty to a state

or section instead of to the whole

country.

Sectionalism




83. Frederick Douglass was a former slave who became a well-known

abolitionist in the country.

““The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common….This Fourth of July is not enjoyed in common….This Fourth of July is

yoursyours not not minemine. You may rejoice, I must mourn.”. You may rejoice, I must mourn.”

- Frederick Douglass, speaking at a 4th of July - Frederick Douglass, speaking at a 4th of July celebration in 1852celebration in 1852

Frederick Douglass



“It’s cooler than ICE!”84. Uncle Tom’s Cabin,

an Anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe,

created widespread abolitionist support among Northerners.

I’m the little lady who started the great big war!

Tee-hee!

Uncle Tom’s Cabin




85. Dred Scott v. Sanford -1857 was the Supreme Court decision

that said slaves were property and not citizens and thus can’t sue in court. It would find the

Missouri Compromise of 1820 to be unconstitutional and aggravate sectional tensions between North

and South.

Taney & the Supreme Court are mean! I have

been wronged!

Dred Scott v. Sanford



“It’s cooler than ICE!”87. In 1859 John Brown, An abolitionist who

believed armed resistance to slavery

was necessary, seized a federal arsenal in

Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, in an attempt to begin a slave rebellion. He was

captured and later executed.

Grab a gun and free yourself!!!

I’ll be a hero to abolitionists everywhere!!

(#16, 2000 TAAS)

John Brown – Villain or Hero?

abolitionist



“It’s cooler than ICE!”87. Jefferson Davis was the

President of the Confederacy during the Civil War.

Jefferson Davis



“It’s cooler than ICE!”88. Abraham Lincoln 16th

President of the United States (Union); served

during the Civil War

Has anyone seen my stovepipe hat?

Abraham Lincoln

Thanks.



“It’s cooler than ICE!”89. Ulysses S. Grant was the General of the Union Army and

accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House,

ending the Civil War.

Ulysses S Grant

“No other terms than unconditional and immediate surrender. I propose to move

immediately upon your works.”



“It’s cooler than ICE!”90. Robert E. Lee was the General of the Confederate

Army. His defeat at Gettysburg would be a

turning point in the Civil War

Never do a wrong thing to make a friend or

keep one.

Robert E. Lee



“It’s cooler than ICE!”91. The first shots of the Civil War were fired at

Fort Sumter - Charleston, South Carolina.Edmund Ruffin

Pierre Teutante

BeauregardRobert

Anderson

Fort Sumter



“It’s cooler than ICE!”93. The Battle of Gettysburg, July1-3,1863, was the

turning point in the Civil War where Lee’s army is defeated.

Battle of Gettysburg



“It’s cooler than ICE!”92. The Gettysburg Address - speech given by Lincoln dedicating a cemetery for soldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is considered to be a

profound statement of American ideals.



“It’s cooler than ICE!”93. The Gettysburg Address -

speech given by Lincoln

dedicating a cemetery for

soldiers who died at the Battle of

Gettysburg. It is considered to be

a profound statement of

American ideals.3 Confed. prisoners at Gettysburg



“It’s cooler than ICE!”94. The capture of Vicksburg,

Mississippi by the North in 1863,

was important because it gave the Union Army

control of the Mississippi River.

Vicksburg



“It’s cooler than ICE!”95. Appomattox Court House, Virginia is where Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Ulysses S. Grant, ending

the Civil War.

Appomattox Court House

Union Confederacy



“It’s cooler than ICE!”96. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, setting all slaves

in the Confederate states free.

Emancipation Proclamation



“It’s cooler than ICE!”97. Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address stated that, “no state…can

lawfully get out of the Union”, but pledged there would be no war

unless the South started it.

“no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are

legally void…I therefore consider that in

view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is

unbroken”

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/usconst.htm



“It’s cooler than ICE!”98. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address was meant to help heal and restore the country after four years of Civil War. It stated the South should be treated fairly.

With malice [hatred] toward none, with charity for all,…let us strive

on to…bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and…to do

all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace

among ourselves…



“It’s cooler than ICE!”99. Primary Sources are the original records of

an event. They include eyewitness reports, records created at the time of an event,

speeches, and letters by people involved in the event, photographs and artifacts.

Secondary Sources are the later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often secondary sources, like textbooks and articles,

provide summaries of information found in primary sources.

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