english colonization
DESCRIPTION
English Colonization. 5 REASONS FOR ENGLISH EXPLORATION. 1. Economics: TO MAKE MONEY. A. Mercantilism: an economic system of trade – OR – Colonies existing for the benefit of the mother country. B. New merchant class of people wanted to get rich through overseas trade. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
5 REASONS FOR ENGLISH
EXPLORATION
English Colonization
A. Mercantilism: an economic system of trade
– OR –
Colonies existing for the benefit of the mother country
1. Economics: TO MAKE MONEY
B. New merchant class of people wanted to get rich through overseas trade.
C. Middle/lower class: wanted a better life because they could not afford to live in England.
D. Unemployed farmers: wanted to own land
2. SOCIAL
A. Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social ladder.
B. English leaders: colonies were a safety valve – a place to send criminals or people causing religious problems.
3. POLITICALA. English subjects: wanted political freedom
WHY??????
Kings ruled by divine right; this took away political freedoms from the citizens.
4. RELIGIOUSdominant religion - Roman Catholic
PROTESTANT REFORMATION:People spoke up to protest or reform (change)
the Catholic Church
3 MAJOR FIGURES
MARTIN LUTHER (1517)
• Catholic monk who wanted to reform
the Catholic church- posted 95 thesis that
criticized practices in the church.
• EFFECT: split church:
CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT
JOHN CALVIN (1530s)
• He believed in Predestination (CALVINISM)- belief that God has chosen to send certainpeople to heaven and the remainder to hell.
- Decision is said to take place before the universe was created and is purely random.
KING HENRY VIII (1534)ENGLAND
• Split with the Catholic church and developed his own church:
ANGLICAN CHURCH
5. RIVALRY WITH SPAIN
• WHY?????
• a. Spanish colonies were very successful in bringing wealth and pride to Spain
• b. Religious issues (Catholic vs. Protestant)
VS.
BRITISH PLAN!!
• English “Sea Dogs” attacked Spanish ships and ports stealing their gold and silver and returning to England
• Sir Francis Drake (most successfulSea Dog)England attacked Spain for 3 years
SPANISH REVENGE1588
• Spanish King Phillip II sent the Spanish Armada (most powerful navy in the world) to conquer England.
• Fought battle in the English channel; smaller faster English ships defeated the Armada
• Armada was really hurt by a strong storm• Only 67 out of 130 ships made it back to Spain
• DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA
Pictures representing the defeat of the Spanish Armada
EFFECT
• a. England would remain independent and Protestant
• b. Spain’s image was tarnished- they could be defeated
• c. Opened up seas for England- leading to colonization