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Prepared for City of Virginia Beach, VirginiaPublic Works EngineeringSurface Water Regulatory Compliance Division SEPTEMBER 2017

MS4 Permit Annual Report - FY2017Permit # VA0088676Effective July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2021

City of Virginia Beach

MS4 Permit Annual Report -

FY2017

Prepared for

Cit y of V i rg inia Beach, V irg inia

Pub l ic Works Engineering

Surface Water Regulatory Compliance D i vis ion

September 2017

MS4 Permit Annual Report (Permit No. VA0088676) – FY2017 Table of Contents

ii

Table of Contents

List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................. iii

List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... iii

List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... iv

1. MS4 Permit Information ...................................................................................................................1-1

2. Stormwater Management .................................................................................................................2-1

2.1 Planning ...................................................................................................................................2-1

2.2 Construction Site Runoff and Post Construction Runoff from Areas of New Development

and Development on Prior Developed Lands .......................................................................2-4

2.3 Retrofitting on Prior Developed Lands ..................................................................................2-6

2.4 Roadways ................................................................................................................................2-7

2.5 Pesticide, Herbicide, and Fertilizer Application ....................................................................2-8

2.6 Illicit Discharges and Improper Disposal ...............................................................................2-9

2.7 Spill Prevention and Response ........................................................................................... 2-16

2.8 Industrial and High Risk Runoff .......................................................................................... 2-22

2.9 Stormwater Infrastructure Management ........................................................................... 2-28

2.10 City Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 2-30

2.11 Public Education/Participation ........................................................................................... 2-31

2.12 Training ................................................................................................................................. 2-37

2.13 Dry Weather Screening Program ........................................................................................ 2-39

2.14 Infrastructure Coordination ................................................................................................. 2-42

3. Monitoring Requirements .................................................................................................................3-1

3.1 In System/Wet Weather Monitoring ......................................................................................3-1

3.2 BMP Monitoring ......................................................................................................................3-2

3.3 Structural and Source Controls Compliance Monitoring and Tracking ...............................3-2

4. TMDL Action Plan and Implementation ...........................................................................................4-1

4.1 Chesapeake Bay Special Condition .......................................................................................4-1

4.2 TMDL Plans Other Than the Chesapeake Bay TMDL ...........................................................4-1

5. MS4 Program and Plan Requirements ............................................................................................5-1

5.1 Permittee Responsibilities .....................................................................................................5-1

5.2 MS4 Program Resources .......................................................................................................5-9

5.3 MS4 Program Plan ............................................................................................................... 5-10

5.4 MS4 Program Review and Updates .................................................................................... 5-10

Appendix A: Floatables Reduction Program Plan .................................................................................... A-1

Appendix B: Industrial and High Risk Facility Inspection Procedures and Form ................................. B-1

Appendix C: Single Family Residential Stormwater Management Facility Maintenance Strategy ......C-1


iii

Appendix D: HRPDC In System/Wet Weather Monitoring Summary .................................................... D-1

List of Figures

Figures 1 and 2 – Before and After Photos of Mill Dam Creek Stream Restoration ............................2-6

List of Tables

Table 2-1. PY1 Stormwater Management Project Evaluation Criteria and Implementation Status ...2-2

Table 2-2. List of Land Disturbing Activities That Qualify Under the Grandfathering Provision ..........2-5

Table 2-3. List of Permittee Lands Where Nutrients Are Applied .........................................................2-8

Table 2-4. List of Illicit Discharges During FY17 ................................................................................. 2-12

Table 2-5. List of Reportable Spills During FY17 ................................................................................ 2-17

Table 2-6. List of Non-VPDES Permitted Facilities and Outfall Inspection Status ............................ 2-23

Table 2-7. List of VPDES Permitted Facilities, DMR Status, and Outfall Inspection Status ............. 2-25

Table 2-8. FY17 DEQ Referral List ....................................................................................................... 2-28

Table 2-9. City Owned Stormwater Infrastructure............................................................................... 2-30

Table 2-10. High Priority Municipal Facilities ...................................................................................... 2-31

Table 2-11. List of Public Outreach and Education Activities ............................................................ 2-35

Table 2-12. Summary of Training Events ............................................................................................ 2-38

Table 2-13. Summary of Outfalls Screened ........................................................................................ 2-40

Table 3-1. List of In System/Wet Weather Monitoring Locations .........................................................3-1

Table 3-2. List of BMP Locations for Monitoring ....................................................................................3-2

Table 5-1. Roles and Responsibilities ....................................................................................................5-1


iv

List of Abbreviations

BMP Best Management Practice

CA City Attorney

CIP Capital Improvement Program

City City of Virginia Beach

DEQ Virginia Department of Environmental

Quality

DMR Discharge Monitoring Report

Fire/FM Fire/Fire Marshal

Fire/OP Fire/Operations

FY Fiscal Year

GIS Geographic Information System

HRPDC Hampton Roads Planning District

Commission

HRSD Hampton Roads Sanitation District

HUC Hydrologic Unit Code

IDID Illicit Discharge and Improper Disposal

IMP Integrated Management Practices

MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System

MS4PP Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System

Program Plan

PL/DSC Planning and Community

Development/Development Services

Center

PL/PI Planning and Community

Development/Building Permits and

Inspections

PR/LM Parks and Recreation/Landscape

Management

PR/PO Parks and Recreation/Programming and

Operations

PU/ENG Public Utilities/Engineering

PW/BC Public Works/Business Center

PW/BMMS Public Works/Building Maintenance

Management and Support

PW/CE Public Works/Construction and

Engineering

PW/ESS Public Works/Engineering Support

Services

PW/FM Public Works/Fleet Management

PW/IESR Public Works/Inspections and

Environmental Spill Response

PW/IMC Public Works/Infrastructure Maintenance

Contracts

PW/MC Public Works/Mosquito Control

PW/OM Public Works/Operations and

Maintenance

PW/PM Public Works/Project Management

PW/SM Public Works/Street Maintenance

PW/SWRC Public Works/Surface Water Regulatory

Compliance

PW/TPPM Public Works/Transportation Program

and Project Management

PW/TSAM Public Works/Technical Services and

Asset Management

PW/WMR Public Works/Waste Management

Recycling

PY Permit Year

ROW Right-of-Way

Schools/FO Schools/Facility Operations

SLAF Stormwater Local Assistance Fund

SWMF Storm Water Management Facility

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load

USGS United States Geological Survey

VESCP Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control

Program

VPDES Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination

System

VSMP Virginia Stormwater Management

Program

WPIT Water Pollution Investigation Team

MS4 Permit Annual Report (Permit No. VA0088676) – FY2017 Section 1

1-1

Section 1

MS4 Permit Information

The City of Virginia Beach (City) was reissued its Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4)

Permit on June 2, 2016. MS4 Permit No. VA0088676 became effective July 1, 2016, was modified

on August 11, 2017, and expires June 30, 2021. The City submitted its MS4 Program Plan to the

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) on June 30, 2017 and received approval on

August 22, 2017. The permit requires the City to develop and submit an annual report in accordance

with permit section Part I.E Annual Reporting. This Annual Report documents the specific reporting

requirements for fiscal year (FY) 2017 which includes the period of July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017.

This section includes the required background information detailed in Part I.E. and the certification

statement as required in Part II.K.

Permittee and Permit Number

Permittee: The City of Virginia Beach

Permit Number: VA0088676

MS4 Program Plan Modifications

The MS4 Program Plan has not been modified since the June 30, 2017 submittal to DEQ.

Reporting Dates

The Annual Report covers FY2017 (July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017) which is also referred to as

Permit Year (PY) 1 within the document. Future Annual Reports will correspond to the following

timeframes:

• PY2 – FY2018 (July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018)

• PY3 – FY2019 (July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019)

• PY4 – FY2020 (July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020)

• PY5 – FY2021 (July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021)


2-1

Section 2

Stormwater Management

This section summarizes the implementation, specific reporting requirements, and an effectiveness

evaluation of each MS4 Permit component in Part I.B, as required by Part I.E, Annual Reporting.

2.1 Planning

Summary of Implementation

This section documents the process of identifying potential stormwater management projects and

the projects implemented during PY1 as specified in Section I.B.1.

During PY1, the City completed one stormwater management project, and developed a list of

potential stormwater management projects to evaluate and prioritize. The list of potential

stormwater projects was developed through the City’s internal site selection process. The evaluation

criteria included: the type of management practice, treated acres (pervious and impervious),

pollutants removed (nitrogen, phosphorus, and total suspended solids), feasibility of implementation,

implementation cost, and condition of downstream channel.

The pollutant removal values were calculated using the methodology consistent with the total

maximum daily load (TMDL) Action Plan implementation and the Virginia Stormwater Management

Program (VSMP) requirements.

The City determined project feasibility through multiple avenues. Projects on publicly owned lands

were considered most feasible and stormwater management facility (SWMF) retrofit projects were

also considered highly feasible. Site visits were conducted to further determine a project’s feasibility.

Implementation costs were estimated based on planning level information about the project’s

components, typical unit costs, and comparisons to other similar construction projects. Stormwater

projects are identified based on an initial concept site evaluation. The projects are prioritized based

on cost efficiency, watershed location, pollutant reductions achieved, and other factors. Projects are

funded through the Capital Improvement Program (CIP) and funding is allocated to begin design

based on the project prioritization and available funding.

During PY1, the City focused on identifying projects within the Chesapeake Bay TMDL region. This

included sites within the Lynnhaven River, Little Creek, and Elizabeth River watersheds.

Potential stormwater projects were prioritized based on consideration of all the criteria. Table 2.1

provides a summary of the specific projects identified and their implementation status.

A project status update is posted to the City’s website within 30 days of the approval of project

design funding. It is the City’s goal to select diverse project types and construct projects throughout

the City. Project identification efforts will continue in PY2.

Specific Reporting Requirements

• Each annual report shall include an updated project summary sheet.

The current stormwater management project list is provided in Table 2-1.


2-2

Table 2-1. PY1 Stormwater Management Project Evaluation Criteria and Implementation Status

Project Name Type of SWMF

Treated

Impervious

Acres

Treated

Pervious

Acres

Total Treated

Acres

Condition of

Downstream

Channel

Estimated

Pounds of Total

Phosphorus

Removed

(lbs/yr)

Estimated

Pounds of

Total Nitrogen

Removed

(lbs/yr)

Estimated

Pounds of Total

Suspended Solids

Removed

(lbs/yr)

Feasibility of

Implementation

Estimated Total

Project Cost ($)

Implementation Status: Construction Completed in PY1

Mill Dam

Creek

Stream

Restoration

Stream

Restoration 59.3 44.7 104.0 Adequate 80.0 235.4 364,870 Good $730,000

Manufactured

Treatment

Device -

Filtering

0.35 0.00 0.35 Adequate 0.2 3.7 31 Good $173,000

Implementation Status: Design Initiated in PY1

Kemps Lake

Water Quality

Retrofit

Phase 1

Level II Wet

Pond 563.6 312.1 875.7 Adequate 329.6 1,312.7 242,120 Good

$5,600,000 Kemps Lake

Water Quality

Retrofit

Phase 1A

Level I Wet

Pond 77.6 79.6 157.2 Adequate 10.0 31.7 27,860 Good

Implementation Status: Potential Projects Under Consideration

Pembroke

Meadows

Park at

Alfriends

Trail Stream

Restoration

Stream

Restoration 1.3 4.0 5.3

Adequate

(LR Western

Branch)

8.5 15.5 13,600 Poor $456,000


2-3

Table 2-1. PY1 Stormwater Management Project Evaluation Criteria and Implementation Status

Project Name Type of SWMF

Treated

Impervious

Acres

Treated

Pervious

Acres

Total Treated

Acres

Condition of

Downstream

Channel

Estimated

Pounds of Total

Phosphorus

Removed

(lbs/yr)

Estimated

Pounds of

Total Nitrogen

Removed

(lbs/yr)

Estimated

Pounds of Total

Suspended Solids

Removed

(lbs/yr)

Feasibility of

Implementation

Estimated Total

Project Cost ($)

Lynnhaven

Park

Constructed

Wetlands

Project

Level I

Constructed

Wetland

11.8 9.0 20.8

Adequate

(Mill Dam

Creek)

13.1 68.5 3,722 Good $517,000

Chatham

Hall Lake

Water Quality

Retrofit

Level II Wet

Pond 135.6 104.4 240.0

Adequate

(60" pipe) 68.2 243.8 15,974 Good $1,812,000

Hilllock

Crossing

Park

Level I Wet

Pond 4.6 3.7 8.3

Adequate

(36" pipe) 5.2 16.7 1,553 Poor $160,000

Bayville Farm

SWMF

Retrofit

Project

Level II Wet

Pond 31.2 114.7 145.9

Adequate

(24" pipe) 38.6 133.1 5,880 Good $666,000

Kemps

Landing

Stream

Restoration

Project

Stream

Restoration 246.0 248.0 494.0

Adequate

(channel) 64.6 71.3 294,485 Good $1,368,000


2-4

• Each annual report shall include a current web link to the project status page.

The City maintains a web link for the Public Works Engineering Surface Water Regulatory Compliance

Division at: https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/surface-water-

regulation/Pages/default.aspx. The web link includes a link to the individual Project Fact Sheets for

the Kemps Lake SWMF Retrofit project.

• Each annual report shall include a status update for those water quality projects for which

implementation or construction occurred during the reporting year.

During PY1, the City completed the Mill Dam Creek Stream Restoration, which included 1,177 linear

feet of stream and a manufactured treatment device to treat runoff from a 0.35-acre parking lot. The

project is located within the Lynnhaven River watershed.

The City also began the design of the Kemps Lake SWMF Retrofit, which will convert an existing wet

pond to a Level II wet pond to meet the Virginia Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP)

Clearinghouse requirements. The project is located within the Elizabeth River watershed.

Construction is anticipated to begin in PY2.

Program Evaluation

The City’s program is currently meeting the permit requirement to track potential stormwater

management projects.

2.2 Construction Site Runoff and Post Construction Runoff from

Areas of New Development and Development on Prior

Developed Lands


This section documents Permit Section I.B.2.a. requirements for implementing a local erosion and

sediment control program and a stormwater management program consistent with Virginia codes

and regulations. The City is a Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Program (VESCP) authority and a

VSMP authority. The City’s programs are overseen by five certified program administrators. Program

administrators are staffed in the following departments and divisions: Public Works/Engineering,

Public Works/Operations, Planning & Community Development/Development Services Center,

Planning & Community Development/Permits and Inspections, and Public Utilities/Engineering.

VSMP Implementation Plans are maintained by each of the administrators.


• Each annual report shall contain the number of regulated land disturbing activities approved

and the total number of acres disturbed.

During PY1, the City approved 1,450 land disturbing activities, which disturbed a total of 815 acres.

• Each annual report shall contain the number of land disturbing activity inspections

conducted and the number and type of each enforcement action taken.

During PY1, the City completed 20,793 land disturbing inspections. Of these inspections, there were

13 enforcement actions taken, including 2 notices of corrective actions and 11 notices to comply.

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/surface-water-regulation/Pages/default.aspx



2-5

• Each annual report shall include a list of land disturbing projects that qualify under the

‘Grandfathering’ provision of the VSMP regulations found at 9VAC25-870-48 that receive

coverage under the General VPDES Permit for Discharges of Stormwater from Construction

Activities during the reporting period.

During PY1, 14 projects that qualify under the grandfathering provision of the VSMP regulations

received coverage under the General Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) Permit

for Discharges of Stormwater from Construction Activities. Table 2-2 provides a list of those projects.

Table 2-2. List of Land Disturbing Activities That Qualify Under the Grandfathering Provision

Date Project Name Location (HUC 6) Acres Disturbed

07/01/2016 Marlin Bay Extension and Winston Place CB25 1.85

08/15/2016 Happy Boxes Lynnhaven CB25 1.70

09/01/2016 Amstel Square Section I and II AS13 10.73

10/01/2016 Town Center Phase 6 Lot 9 CB25 1.01

10/17/2016 Godfrey Farm Subdivision CB25 2.51

11/15/2016 Harbour Point AO23 5.99

12/01/2016 North Lake Holly Watershed

Improvements Section IV AO23 3.98

12/14/2016 Telefonica AS18 3.50

12/15/2016 Witchduck Road Phase II JL54 20.10

12/27/2016 Salem Crossing Shopping Center AS14 1.74

01/16/2017

South Lake Holly Watershed

Improvements Section IV Capital

Improvement Program (CIP) 7 016

AO23 11.45

02/01/2017 Thomas Bishop Lane Subdivision CB25 1.16

06/01/2017 Virginia Wesleyan College Track and

Field Improvements JL54 4.95

06/30/2017 Wegmans CB25 9.00

• Each annual report shall include a summary of actions taken by the permittee to implement

Part I.B.2.a)1) and 2) of this state permit.

The land disturbing permits issued, and enforcement actions taken by the City during PY1 are

included in the summary of implementation above. Other actions conducted by the City in PY 1

include: 1) monthly coordination meetings with the five certified program administrators, and 2) a

Memorandum of Agreement was executed to document the implementation of the VSMP, VESCP,

and the MS4 permit among the responsible departments.

Program Evaluation

The City’s program is currently meeting the permit requirements for implementation of local erosion

and sediment control and stormwater management programs.


2-6

2.3 Retrofitting on Prior Developed Lands


This section documents the City’s progress towards implementing stormwater management retrofit

projects on prior developed lands as required in Permit Section I.B.2.b. As discussed in Section 2.1,

the City maintains a list of potential stormwater management projects, including retrofit projects

within the Chesapeake Bay and local TMDL watersheds. The current list of active and potential

projects is shown in Table 2-1. The City plans to complete five retrofit projects before the expiration

date of the permit on June 30, 2021.

Mill Dam Creek Stream Restoration

The Mill Dam Creek stream restoration project was completed during PY1. The project was partially

funded through the Stormwater Local Assistance Fund (SLAF) administered by DEQ. The Mill Dam

Creek stream restoration project restored a total of 1,177 linear feet of stream within the Lynnhaven

River watershed. The project also included a manufactured treatment device designed to filter runoff

from a nearby parking lot before draining into the creek. Benefits of the restoration project included

bank stabilization, the creation of floodplain benches, improved water quality, pollution reduction

from the parking lot, improved habitats for aquatic flora and fauna, and improved drainage capacity

through the utilization of Natural Channel Design techniques. Additionally, the restored stream

provides aesthetic benefits to the neighboring community. Figures 1 and 2 show a portion of the

stream channel before and after the restoration project was complete. The photos show a portion of

the stream looking at the banks and an outfall. The banks were revegetated and rip-rap and gravel

were added to the outfall to reduce localized erosion.

Figures 1 and 2 – Before and After Photos of Mill Dam Creek Stream Restoration

Kemps Lake Water Quality Retrofit Project

The Kemps Lake Water Quality Retrofit is located within the Elizabeth River watershed. Project

design was initiated in PY1 and construction is planned during PY2. The project will include the

creation of wetland areas, pretreatment forebays, and aeration of the lake. The Kemps Lake Water

Quality Retrofit was awarded SLAF funding by DEQ in FY16.


2-7

Chatham Hall Lake Water Quality Improvement Project

The City received FY17 SLAF funding for the Chatham Hall Lake Water Quality Improvement Project.

Design and construction are planned for future permit years. The Chatham Hall Lake Water Quality

Improvement Project will retrofit the existing lake to improve the treatment ability of the lake and

remove additional pollutants. Once completed, this project will help reduce nutrients from storm

water in the Elizabeth River watershed, which drains into the Chesapeake Bay.


• Each annual report shall include a status update for those projects for which implementation

began during the reporting period.

The retrofit projects are included in the project summary sheet documented in Table 2.1. The table

includes a status summary for each project including anticipated pollution reductions. During PY1,

the City completed one retrofit project and has one retrofit design underway.

Program Evaluation

The City’s program is currently on track to meet the permit criterion to complete five retrofit projects

by June 30, 2021. After completing a review of the current program, the City has identified

improvements for the remaining permit years. The City will identify projects in local phosphorus and

bacteria TMDL watersheds to create a more robust project list and utilize the revised list to select

additional projects for design and construction in subsequent permit years.

2.4 Roadways


This section documents the City’s implementation of the permit requirements from Section I.B.2.c.

for roadway maintenance.

Deicing Material Storage

During PY1, the City evaluated their municipal facilities to verify that deicing materials were stored

under cover and protected from precipitation. Deicing materials are stored at four Public Works (PW)

Department maintenance yards; Dam Neck Yard, Pungo Yard, Euclid Yard, and Oceana Yard. The

Parks and Recreation (PR) Department also stores deicing materials at a PR Department facility.

Deicing Material Content

Virginia code § 3.2-3607.2. prohibits the sale of deicing agents containing urea. Deicing agents used

by City departments are in compliance with Virginia code.

Roadway Maintenance Pollution Control and Records

The City currently records and updates a list of City maintained roads and streets, including street

names.

The City currently maintains all public local, collector roads and arterials within the City boundary.

City crews and contractors place appropriate erosion and sediment control and stormwater

management measures at curb inlets during street maintenance projects to reduce sediments and

construction debris from entering the MS4. The City also conducts a street sweeping program along

public roads to reduce sediment and debris along curbs and within gutters.

Program Evaluation

The City is in compliance with the permit requirements for the storage and application of deicing

materials and is on schedule for the completion of its roadways database and maintenance


2-8

protocols. During PY2, the City will report the miles of street treated and not treated by SWMFs.

During PY3, the City will develop written protocols for roadway maintenance.

2.5 Pesticide, Herbicide, and Fertilizer Application


This section documents the pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer permit requirements specified in

Section I.B.2.d. The City is dedicated to the conscientious application of pesticides, herbicides, and

fertilizers to minimize environmental impacts in each of its watersheds. The City previously

developed a Turf and Nutrient Management Plan which included all municipal land where nutrients

are applied at the time of Plan development. The plan was developed by a certified nutrient

management planner. During PY1 the City identified all municipal lands where nutrients are currently

applied to a contiguous area of more than one acre.

At this time, the City does not have an Integrated Pest Management Plan.


• The annual report due October 1, 2017 shall contain a list of all permittee lands and

applicable acreage on which nutrients are applied to more than one contiguous acre.

The City identified 33 municipally owned lands greater than one acre where nutrients are applied.

The list of municipal lands is shown in Table 2-3. The total acreage is 65.48 acres.

Table 2-3. List of Permittee Lands Where Nutrients Are Applied

Managed Area Identification Area (Ac) Latitude Longitude

Williams Farm Park Athletic Field 10.40 76.15751 36.86166

City View Baseball Field A 1.60 76.20031 36.77588

City View Baseball Field B 1.59 76.20101 36.77513

City View Baseball Field C 1.61 76.20212 36.77580

City View Baseball Field D 1.58 76.20139 36.77663

City View Multipurpose Field E 2.24 76.20012 36.77748

Great Neck Middle School Athletic Field 1.51 76.06022 36.89626

Tallwood High School Stadium Field 1.36 76.18281 36.78331

Landstown High School Stadium Field 1.91 76.10248 36.78047

Salem High School Stadium Field 1.53 76.14475 36.78202

Green Run High School Stadium Field 1.74 76.10992 36.80612

Kempsville High School Stadium Field 1.49 76.15606 36.82006

First Colonial High School Stadium Field 1.68 76.02804 36.87311

Ocean Lakes High School Stadium Field 1.82 75.98062 36.77048

Bayside High School Stadium Field 1.45 76.15131 36.87097

Cox High School Stadium Field 1.49 76.05408 36.88728

Princess Anne High School Stadium Field 1.72 76.12503 36.84770


2-9

Table 2-3. List of Permittee Lands Where Nutrients Are Applied

Managed Area Identification Area (Ac) Latitude Longitude

Princess Anne Middle School Stadium Field 1.70 76.05681 36.75765

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field A 2.15 76.09514 36.76664

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field B 2.15 76.09491 36.76543

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field C 2.15 76.09447 36.76314

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field D 2.15 76.09418 36.76734

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field E 2.15 76.09396 36.76616

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field F 2.15 76.09376 36.76500

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field G 2.15 76.09355 36.76382

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field H 1.50 76.09576 36.76296

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field I 1.52 76.09554 36.76181

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field J 1.51 76.09701 36.76159

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field K 1.49 76.09730 36.76283

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field L 1.51 76.09870 36.76262

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field M 1.51 76.09846 36.76141

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field N 1.50 76.09993 36.76124

Princess Anne Athletic Complex Field O 1.47 76.10021 36.76244

• Each annual report shall report on compliance with the turf and landscape nutrient

management plan implementation schedule and include a list of the permittee’s properties

for which turf and landscape nutrient management plans have been implemented during the

reporting year and the cumulative total of acreage under turf and landscape nutrient

management plans.

The total acreage of identified lands where nutrients are applied is 65.48 acres which is included in

the Turf and Nutrient Management Plan.

• Each annual report shall include the number of acres managed under Integrated Pest

Management Plans.

The City does not currently have an Integrated Pest Management Plan.

Program Evaluation

The City is currently meeting PY1 requirements and is exceeding the required implementation

schedule for Turf and Nutrient Management Plans.

2.6 Illicit Discharges and Improper Disposal


This section documents the City’s implementation of illicit discharge and improper disposal (IDID)

requirements included as Section I.B.2.e. of the permit.


2-10

IDID Program

The City has implemented an IDID Program since 1996. To coordinate efforts among City

departments, a Water Pollution Investigation Team (WPIT) was established in PY1 and meets

regularly to discuss and coordinate on illicit discharge related issues including responsible parties,

training, reporting, and enforcement. The team is composed of representatives from Public Works,

Public Utilities, Housing and Neighborhood Preservation, Fire Department, Police Department, and

the City Attorney (CA).

There are several established avenues for citizens to contact the City to report suspected illicit

discharges. Residents may contact the City through VB311, 911, or via the SeeClickFix application.

The City also maintains an extension at 757-385-1470 to receive IDID reports. When a report is filed,

the inspectors from Public Works/Inspections and Environmental Spill Response (PW/IESR) respond

to the report and try to determine the type and source of the illicit discharge.

Inspectors from PW/IESR will conduct source tracking using the City’s Geographic Information

System (GIS) mapping of the storm sewer network to determine the source. When the source is

determined, the inspectors provide information to the responsible party about the City’s Storm Sewer

Ordinance, issue a Notice of Violation to the responsible party, and have the responsible party

contain and clean up the affected areas. The City will conduct additional enforcement actions up to

and including legal action, if necessary.

If the source is not able to be determined, the inspectors will contain the illicit discharge and conduct

follow up investigations until a source is found or it is determined that the discharge is no longer

occurring. Any time a reportable illicit discharge is verified, whether the source is found or not,

PW/IESR inspectors will notify and report their findings to DEQ within 24 hours of verifying the

discharge.

Floatables Reduction Program

The City completed the development of a Floatables Reduction Program Plan during PY1 which

identified current floatable source control strategies and sites that will be monitored during the

permit term. The five sites that will be monitored are:

1. Abingdon Village

2. Lake Edward

3. Princess Anne Plaza Townhomes/Lynnhaven Elementary School

4. Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art (East and West)

5. Glenwood Elementary School

The Floatables Reduction Program Plan is included in Appendix A.

Sanitary Sewer Inspections

The City continues to conduct Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Studies (SSES) in our collection system in

accordance with our DEQ approved Management, Operations, and Maintenance Program. The City

uses a criticality model and prioritization tool to focus on the areas where the SSES field activities

occur each year. The model and tool uses consequence of failure and likelihood of failure scores to

assign sanitary sewer service areas into one of four risk categories. Sanitary sewer service areas are

then investigated in accordance with their ranking/risk category. Serious defects noted during our

SSES investigations are referred to our Find and Fix program to address defects that have caused or

may cause sanitary sewer overflows, excessive inflow/infiltration, or lead to maintenance issues.


2-11

Household Hazardous Waste Collection Events

Household hazardous waste collection events are included in the Public Education/Participation,

Section 2.11, of the Annual Report.


• Each annual report shall include a list of illicit discharges identified, the source, a description

of follow-up activities and whether the illicit discharge has been eliminated.

During PY1, the City identified nine illicit discharges which are included in Table 2-4.


2-12

Table 2-4. List of Illicit Discharges During FY17

Date

Identified

Location

/Address

HUC 6

(VAHU6)

Description

and

Source

Summary & Follow-up

Date Eliminated or

Resolved and

Status

7/20/2016 5630

Princess

Anne Rd

JL54 Paint

(pressure

wash)

Painters were pressure washing the walls at a shopping plaza in preparation of

repainting the walls of the plaza. The painters did not clean up the paint chips

removed during the pressure washing and the paint chips entered the onsite

storm drainage system. Inspectors investigated the situation and determined that

only the onsite storm system was impacted with paint chips. Inspectors informed

the owner of the painting company that this is a violation of the City's storm sewer

ordinance and had the company immediately clean both the area where they were

working and the impacted storm system. Inspectors issued a Notice of Violation

and educated on the importance of environmental policy. Inspectors also notified

the property management company of the incident. After cleaning the site and

storm system, the painting company provided protection to the storm inlets near

their work area so that the paint chips could not reach the storm system going

forward.

7/20/2016

No Longer

Occurring

7/21/2016 5370

Canterford

Lane

JL54 Chlorinated

Water

(pool)

Inspectors were called out to a condominium property for a complaint that the

condominium was discharging pool water into the storm drain. When inspectors

arrived, the discharging was not going on; however, after speaking with the

maintenance supervisor it was determined that they pumped the water from the

pool into the storm drain to service the lights in the pool. Inspectors informed the

maintenance supervisor that this activity was a violation of the City's storm sewer

ordinance. The maintenance supervisor assured the inspector that for future

maintenance to the pool, they will discharge the pool water directly into the

sanitary sewer system rather than directly into the storm sewer system.

8/5/2016

No Longer

Occurring


2-13


Date

Identified

Location

/Address

HUC 6

(VAHU6)

Description

and

Source

Summary & Follow-up

Date Eliminated or

Resolved and

Status

8/30/2016 1116

Lynnhaven

Pkwy

CB25 Oil/Grease/

Cleaners

(dumping)

A citizen complained that an employee of a service station was cleaning a mop

and wash bucket out with bleach in the parking lot and that the wash water was

being discharged into the onsite storm sewer system. The mop had been used to

clean the floor of the service bays. Inspectors arrived the day after the incident

and did not see evidence of the discharge, but spoke with the manager of the

facility about the complaint. The manager gave inspectors a tour of the facility

noting spill kits and containers used to collect used vehicle fluids. The manager

stated that he would reinforce good housekeeping training to his employees and

that they are not to wash any materials into the storm drain.

8/30/2016

No Longer

Occurring

9/7/2016 4337

Blackbeard

Rd

CB25 Fuel

(Unknown)

A citizen reported the odor and presence of fuel oil or diesel fuel on the lake

behind his house. Inspectors arrived and confirmed that there was a slight odor

and an oil sheen on a portion of the lake behind his house. Inspectors tracked

upstream of the homeowner and other areas around the lake, but were not able to

determine the source. Subsequent investigations on September 8th and 13th

revealed that no new product had entered the lake and that the illicit discharge of

fuel was no longer occurring.

9/7/2016

No Longer

Occurring

10/28/2016 1001

Providence

Square

JL54 Grease

(dumping)

A complaint was received that employees from a business were dumping mop

wash water out the rear door of the business. Inspectors arrived and observed

what appeared to be accumulated grease and cooking waste on the parking lot at

the rear door of the business. Inspectors spoke with the business owner and the

owner stated that they had dumped grease and wash water into the parking lot.

Inspectors informed the owner that this was in violation with the City's storm

sewer ordinance and issued the owner a Notice of Violation and gave the owner 5

days to have the site cleaned up. Inspectors re-investigated the business later and

found that the site had been cleaned and that there was no visible contamination

to the downstream storm sewer system.

10/28/2016

No Longer

Occurring


2-14


Date

Identified

Location

/Address

HUC 6

(VAHU6)

Description

and

Source

Summary & Follow-up

Date Eliminated or

Resolved and

Status

11/21/2016 1609

General

Booth Blvd

AS18 Grease

(dumping)

A complaint was received that employees from a restaurant were dumping

cooking grease into the landscape bed next to the restaurant. Inspectors arrived

onsite and found evidence of the dumping and informed the manager that

dumping grease is a violation of the City's storm sewer discharge ordinance and

issued the restaurant a Notice of Violation. The grease was contained between

two yard inlets and the manager hired a cleanup contractor to clean the onsite

storm sewer system.

11/21/2016

No Longer

Occurring

11/23/2016 1325 Lake

James Dr

JL54 Unusual Color

(unknown)

Citizens complained of a cloud/plume of discolored water discharging into the

lake from a storm sewer outfall pipe. Fire Department's Hazmat team was onsite

when inspectors arrived and had conducted tests of the water and determined

that no hazardous substances existing in the discharge. The 84-inch outfall pipe

services a commercial shopping center and roadway drainage for three different

streets. Inspectors investigated the upstream storm sewer network to try and

determine the source of the discolored discharge; however, a source was never

determined. Inspectors continued to monitor the situation and no additional

discolored discharge was ever noticed by residents or inspectors. Residents

agreed to call back if the discharge ever occurred again. It was determined that

the illicit discharge was no longer occurring.

11/23/2016

No Longer

Occurring

3/30/2017 3664

Virginia

Beach Blvd.

CB25 Vehicle wash

water

While conducting a site visit with representatives of DEQ, evidence was found that

the facility was washing vehicles on-site without any pretreatment before directly

discharging into the City’s MS4 system. The City issued a letter advising the

facility that they should cease washing vehicles on-site until proper pretreatment

devices were installed. The City has followed up with a representative of the

facility to discuss pretreatment options. The City will continue to monitor the site

for vehicle washing discharges.

N/A

Ongoing


2-15


Date

Identified

Location

/Address

HUC 6

(VAHU6)

Description

and

Source

Summary & Follow-up

Date Eliminated or

Resolved and

Status

3/30/2017 3269

Virginia

Beach Blvd.

CB25 Vehicle wash

water

While conducting a site visit with representatives of DEQ, evidence was found that

the facility was washing vehicles on-site without any pretreatment before directly

discharging into the City’s MS4 system. The City issued a letter advising the

facility that they should cease washing vehicles on-site until proper pretreatment

devices were installed. The City has followed up with a representative of the

facility and the facility plans to install a temporary pretreatment device, until they

are able to construct a wash bay that will connect to sanitary sewer system. The

City will follow up with the representative and monitor progress.

N/A

Ongoing


2-16

• Each annual report shall include the amount of linear feet of sanitary sewer inspected during

the reporting year.

During PY1, the City inspected 175,285 linear feet of sanitary sewer.

• The annual report due October 1, 2017 shall include a description of the procedures the

permittee will implement to reduce floatables as required by Part I.B.2.e)3) including

procedures to determine the floatables reduction program effectiveness.

Procedures for the City’s floatables program are included in Appendix A.

Program Evaluation

The City has implemented an effective IDID program. In PY1 the City met the requirements for illicit

discharge response and reporting, and developed a floatables reduction program (see Appendix A).

The City exceeded the minimum annual requirements for the linear feet of sanitary sewer

inspections in PY1, and is on track to meet the required 730,000 linear feet of sanitary sewer

inspections by the end of the permit term.

2.7 Spill Prevention and Response


This section documents the City’s implementation of the spill prevention and response requirements

identified in Section I.B.2.f. of the permit. The Fire Department, Public Utilities, and City contractors

are responsible for the containment of spills and implementing clean-up efforts. If requested,

PW/IESR inspectors will assist the Fire Department with supplies (booms, etc.) and with knowledge

of the storm sewer network.


• Each annual report shall include a list of spills, that qualify for immediate reporting as

required under Part II.G and H of this state permit the source (identified to the best of the

permittee’s ability), and a description of follow-up activities taken.

During PY1, the City had 21 reportable spills which are summarized in Table 2-5. The table includes

the date the spill was identified, the location, a description of the spill material, the source of the

spill, and a summary and follow up actions.


2-17

Table 2-5. List of Reportable Spills During FY17

Date Identified Location /

Address

Description and

Source Summary & Follow-up

8/12/2016 717 General

Booth Blvd

Sewage

(spill)

At approximately 10am on August 12, the hose clamp inside the pump cabinet broke from the

discharge line at the Owl's Creek Boater Pump Out Facility. The staff immediately shut down the

pump upon failure and it was estimated that approximately two gallons of sanitary sewage spilled

from the pump cabinet into Owl's Creek. By the time city inspectors arrived on site there was no

evidence of sanitary sewage on the pier in the cabinet or in the water. The pump remained out of

service until a construction contractor repaired the clamp and hose in the afternoon of August 12.

The facility was operational after the repairs were made.

8/31/2016 Broad Bay Dr

C/S Alphine Rd

Other Vehicle

Fluid

(spill)

A City Waste Management automated garbage truck leaked approximately 70-gallons of hydraulic

oil on the streets throughout the Bay Island subdivision roadways. City inspectors assisted Waste

Management in applying oil sponge powder to the puddles and assisted with the cleanup and

disposal of the used powder. None of the spilled hydraulic fluid made it into the storm drain.

9/9/2016 5201 Virginia

Beach Blvd C/S

Northridge Rd

Other

(spill)

A vehicle accident occurred at the 5200 block of Virginia Beach Boulevard involving a power pole

with a transformer. The truck struck the power pole, causing the pole and transformer to flip into the

bed of the truck. The transformer spilled approximately 63 gallons of non-PCB transformer oil into

the bed of the truck, which spilled onto the roadway and eventually into a nearby curb inlet. A

search of the downstream storm drains revealed the oil had migrated approximately 1400-feet west

to a manhole at Clearfield Avenue. Absorbent booms and pads were placed in the bottom of the

manhole to prevent any further migration of the oil. The City contractor arrived and cleaned up the

accident area along with the affected storm drainage network.

9/29/2016 14th ST C/S

CYPRESS AVE

Fuel

(spill)

Inspectors received call from a city employee reporting that a City truck had ruptured its diesel fuel

tank, spilling approximately 30 gallons of diesel fuel onto street. The truck was in the 700 Block

14th Street outside the fence for the Highway Yard on gravel. When the inspectors arrived on site,

city crews were applying absorbents to the spill. City crews had also installed a dirt berm around the

free liquid to prevent further migration of the fuel; no spilled fuel entered the storm drain. The truck

was moved into the Highway Yard and a catch all was placed under the damaged tank to capture

any remaining fuel. Inspectors then covered the free liquid inside the dike with absorbents. Due to

the volume of fuel spilled and the amount of absorbents used, Inspectors requested that the City

contractor respond to assist with the cleanup and disposal. The City contractor packed 3-55 gallon

drums of contaminated dirt, gravel and absorbents, and transported them to their facility for proper

disposal.


2-18



Address

Description and


10/6/2016 First Colonial Rd

C/S I-264

Other Vehicle

Fluid

(spill)

A low boy carrying an excavator passed under the I-264 overpass on First Colonial Road. The

excavator collided with the overpass causing damage to the hydraulic cylinder on the excavator, and

spilling approximately 20 gallons of hydraulic oil onto the roadway. Approximately one gallon of the

spilled oil made it into a nearby curb inlet and soaked into sediment in the bottom of the curb inlet

structure, and did not migrate downstream of the structure. Inspectors assisted crews from the

construction company to clean the roadway, remove the oil laden sediment, and wipe down the curb

inlet structure with absorbent pads.

10/9/2016 Ps-335

Diamond Lake

Estates/ 1032

Norwich Ave

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to extreme weather event occurred at Pump Station 335. The duration of

the spill and the spilled quantity is unknown. Crews secured the site as soon as possible and got the

pump station pumping as best as possible. It is unknown how much of the spill was recovered or

how much reached state waters.

10/9/2016 Pw-201 2244

First Landing Ln

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to extreme weather event occurred at Pump Station 201. The spill/outage

lasted 84 hours and the spilled quantity is unknown. Crews cleaned up the spill as best as possible.

It is unknown how much of the spill was recovered or how much reached state waters.

10/10/2016 Ps-106

Birdneck Point

South/ 928

Bobolink Dr

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to extreme weather event occurred at Pump Station 106. The spill lasted

approximately one day and the spilled quantity is unknown. Crews secured pump station and got

pump station operating as soon as possible after the weather event. It is unknown how much of the

spill was recovered or how much reached state waters.

10/10/2016 Ps-303

Chesapeake

Beach Powells

Point/ 4607

Powells Point

Rd

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to extreme weather event occurred at Pump Station 303. The sanitary

sewer spill lasted roughly one hour and approximate 8,500 gallons of discharge occurred. Crews

replaced the hose as quickly as possible and cleaned up the spill as best as possible. As noted in

the report to DEQ, crews were unsure if all of the spill was recovered; however, it is estimated that

none of the spill reached state waters.

10/10/2016 Ps-632

Sandbridge

South/ 3225

Sandpiper Rd

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to extreme weather event occurred at Pump Station 632. The duration of

the spill and the spilled quantity is unknown. Crews did their best to get the pump station back in

operation and cleaned up the spill as best as possible. It is unknown how much of the spill was

recovered or how much reached state waters.


2-19



Address

Description and


1/27/2017 Ps-223 At 1113

Blackburn Ln

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to a shear in the 10-inch sewer force main occurred at Pump Station 223.

The spill lasted 55 minutes and approximately 500 gallons spilled. Crews secured the station as

quickly as possible and started cleaning up the spill. Crews used a repair clamp to fix the leak at the

sheared section of the line. Approximately 450 gallons were recovered and an estimated 50 gallons

reached state waters.

2/12/2017 Ps-321 Osprey

St/ 465

Peregrine St

Sewage

(spill)

A main line stoppage occurred at Pump Station 312 and lasted approximately 1 hour and 15

minutes. Crews took necessary actions and precautions to prevent any possible overflow spillage.

Because of this there was no overflow related spill due to the main line stoppage repair. Any spill

related to this stoppage was cleaned up as best as possible.

2/15/2017 Ps-512 456

Abbotsleigh Ct/

2748 Robert

Jackson Dr

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to a shear in the 12-in sewer force main occurred at Pump Station 512. The

spill lasted 2 hours and 45 minutes and approximately 750 gallons. Crews shut down stations and

secured valves. Crews also placed sand into the storm drain to contain the flow and cleaned up the

spill as best as possible, removing the contaminated sand upon completion. Approximately 700

gallons were recovered and an estimated 50 gallons reached state waters.

2/18/2017 Ps-460 5339

Albright Dr

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to a main line stoppage occurred at Pump Station 460. The spill lasted 1

hour and 10 minutes and approximately 75 gallons spilled. Crews cleaned up the spill as best as

possible and recovered 80 gallons including stormwater and it is estimated that none of the spill


2/23/2017 Ps-322 1430

Dunstan Ln/

1449 Five Forks

Rd

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to a leaking sewer force main occurred at Pump Station 322. The spill

lasted 16 minutes and approximately 800 gallons spilled. Crews blocked the storm drain with a

spill sock and vacuumed out the storm drain until dry. Crews also secured the station and replaced

the leaking valve. Approximately 500 gallons were recovered and an estimated 300 gallons


3/9/2017 Sullivan Blvd

C/S Witchduck

Rd

Other Vehicle

Fluid

(spill)

A construction vehicle collided with a power pole causing a hydraulic line on the vehicle to break

and possibly the cylinder as well. Approximately 10 gallons of hydraulic oil spilled onto the roadway

with a portion of the oil reaching a nearby curb inlet. The oil migrated to one downstream manhole,

but no further. The owner of the construction vehicle cleaned up the roadway and the affected storm

drainage network using a private spill response contractor.


2-20



Address

Description and


4/5/2017 S Bay Shore Dr

C/S Gunston Rd

Other Vehicle

Fluid

(spill)

Construction equipment (tandem diesel roller) being used by City contractors on South Bay Shore

project had rolled on its side and was laying in the tidal marsh. Before the equipment could be

removed from the tidal marsh, oil began leaking and approximately one quart of oil spilled into the

tidal marsh. The oil was cleaned up with absorbent pads and booms were deployed around the

vehicle to prevent any spilled fluid from entering the waterway. Once the equipment was removed

from the scene, city inspectors investigated the area to ensure that no other vehicle fluids spilled

into the marsh. Inspectors returned the next day to confirm that no product or sheen was found in

the area and removed the absorbent boom.

4/8/2017 Ps-644 1905

Champion Cir/

644 Heritage

Park

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to a force main break at the by-pass valve occurred at Pump Station 644.

The spill lasted 2 hours and approximately 5,000 gallons spilled. Crews shut down the force main

and cleaned up the spill as best as possible until the repairs to the by-pass valve could be made.

Approximately 13,000 gallons were recovered including storm water and it is estimated that 1,000

gallons reached state waters.

5/11/2017 London Bridge

Rd C/S Navy Rd

Fuel

(spill)

United States Navy Oceana Naval Air Station had a major spill event of approximately 94,000

gallons of JP-5 jet fuel. The fuel entered the City's MS4 at the ditch running north along London

Bridge Road at the intersection of London Bridge Road and Navy Road. The fuel spill contaminated

this ditch and migrated along the ditch until it crossed under London Bridge Road just south of the

intersection of London Bridge Road and Royal Haven Crescent. After crossing in a culvert under

London Bridge Road it continued until ultimately reaching Wolfsnare Creek. The Navy's contractor

provided cleanup of the spill along with removing any contaminated soils in the ditch along London

Bridge Creek. This was a major cleanup effort involving multiple stages and tactics. Cleanup efforts

concluded in mid to late July and the City performed sampling in the affected area of the ditch along

London Bridge Road until the site has been completely remediated. The results from this

investigation revealed that there is no longer any contamination in the MS4 due to the JP-5 jet fuel

spill.

5/26/2017 1848 Pleasant

Ridge Rd

Other Vehicle

Fluid

(spill)

A heavy equipment excavator experienced hydraulic failure and spilled approximately 75 gallons of

hydraulic oil onto a gravel road at 1848 Pleasant Ridge Road. Approximately 20 of the 75 gallons

was removed from the roadway using hand pumps. A natural organic absorbent and oil sponge

powder was also spread onto all contaminated surfaces. A backhoe was used to remove all

contaminated gravel and soil of the remaining 55 gallons of hydraulic oil, and was disposed of

appropriately.


2-21



Address

Description and


6/15/2017 Ps-412

Lakeville

Estates 991

Sunnyside Dr/

6105 Saunders

Dr

Sewage

(spill)

Sanitary sewer spill due to a sanitary sewer main line stoppage occurred at Pump Station 412. The

spill lasted around 2 hours and approximately 250 gallons spilled. Crews secured the spill, cleared

the stoppage in the sewer main and proceeded to clean up the spill as best as possible.

Approximately 200 gallons were recovered and an estimated 50 gallons reached state waters.


2-22

Program Evaluation

The City complied with Section I.B.2.f and Part II.G and H permit requirements during PY1. The City

submitted spill reports to DEQ as required during that time period. The City will continue to

implement a spill prevention and response program and document and report spills as required.

2.8 Industrial and High Risk Runoff


This section documents the City’s implementation of the requirements for industrial and high risk

runoff included in Permit Section I.B.2.g. The City maintains a list of all known industrial and high risk

dischargers to its MS4. The list is divided into two main categories, VPDES permitted facilities and

non-VPDES permitted facilities. Major updates to the list will be performed at the end of each 5-year

permit term and are based on data gathered from the Industrial and High Risk Runoff inspections,

the Dry Weather Screening Program, and the IDID Program.

The City obtained information for developing the initial list from business license and GIS data, as

well as DEQ’s industrial permit database. The list includes VPDES permitted facilities, automotive

facilities (rental, sales, salvage & repair), manufacturers, and wholesale merchandisers in the

landscape and nursery business. The City also coordinates with the Fire Marshal’s office for

identifying other facilities subject to EPCRA Title III, Section 313.

The City developed procedures for inspecting industrial high risk dischargers. Inspection procedures

are included in Appendix B.

The City also developed a prioritized inspection schedule. Inspections of VPDES permitted facilities

will be completed prior to inspecting non-VPDES permitted facilities. VPDES permitted facilities

connected to the MS4 will be inspected at least once every five years.

After VPDES permitted facility inspections are completed, the City will inspect high priority non-VPDES

permitted facilities. High priority facilities are those that have a potential to contribute a significant

pollutant load to the MS4. Non-VPDES permitted facilities will be inspected in the following order:

1. Facilities the City considers needing a VPDES permit.

2. Automobile rental and sales businesses where it is unclear if there is a dedicated wash bay

on the property.

3. Landscaping/Nurseries where landscaping materials are stockpiled uncovered on the

property.

4. Towing businesses that store large quantities of vehicles on their property.

5. The remaining high priority facilities.

Each year during the permit term, the City will analyze the findings from the inspections. Facilities

determined to qualify for a VPDES permit will be referred to DEQ. At the end of the permit term, the

City will analyze the data from the inspections to re-evaluate the non-VPDES high priority list.

The City receives, reviews, and tracks Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) from VPDES industrial

stormwater permitted facilities. The City reports significant pollutant loads that enter the MS4 in

accordance with permit requirements and coordinates with DEQ to report applicable facilities. The

City will refer facilities to DEQ based on the following procedures:

• Facilities having non-stormwater discharges based on data obtained from the high priority

facility inspections and dry weather screening program.


2-23

• Facilities identified pursuant to 40 CFR Part 122.26(b)(14) from data obtained from the high

priority facilities inspections.

• Any VPDES permitted facility with evidence of significant pollutant loadings to the MS4

through the review of DMR reports. The City established a database of all permitted facilities

that discharge to the MS4. In this database, the City tracks all submitted DMRs and

exceedances of the sampling parameters set forth by the permit.

• VPDES permitted facilities that do not submit DMR reports on an annual basis. The City will

review the DMR database to determine which facility has not submitted DMRs in the past FY

and report them to DEQ.


• The annual report due October 1, 2017 shall include a list of all known industrial and high

risk dischargers including any non-VPDES regulated industrial and commercial stormwater

dischargers determined by the permittee as contributing a significant pollutant load and that

discharge to the MS4 system, a schedule of inspections and procedures for inspecting

outfalls.

The City’s inspection procedures and form are included in Appendix B. Table 2-6 includes 31 non-

VPDES permitted facilities that the City identified as potential high risk dischargers.

Table 2-6. List of Non-VPDES Permitted Facilities and Outfall Inspection Status

Classification Facility Address Facility Name Justification Outfall Inspected

in FY17

Manufacturer 4985 Euclid Rd

Asphalt Roads and

Materials Co/Lane

Construction Corp.

Asphalt production No

Auto Rental 1650 General Booth

Blvd Enterprise Rent A Car

Auto rental with no

dedicated/unclear

washing bay

No

Auto Rental 5253 Indian River Rd Enterprise Rent A Car

Auto rental with no

dedicated/unclear

washing bay

No

Auto Rental 3205 Virginia Beach

Blvd Hertz Local Edition

Auto rental with no

dedicated/unclear

washing bay

No

Auto Rental 2017 Independence

Blvd Enterprise Rent A Car

Auto rental with no

dedicated/unclear

washing bay

No


Blvd Budget Rent A Car

Auto rental with no

dedicated/unclear

washing bay

No


Blvd Budget Rent A Truck

Auto rental with no

dedicated/unclear

washing bay

No


2-24



in FY17

Auto Rental 500 Newtown Rd Budget Truck Rental

Auto rental with no

dedicated/unclear

washing bay

No

Tow Truck/Auto

Salvage/Towing

/Wrecking

1040 Oceana Blvd Metro Used Auto

Parts Inc Automobile salvage No

Individual

Storage 2828 Shipps Corner Rd

SB Ballard

Construction

Company

Concrete production &

outdoor storage/materials No

Manufacturer 2821 Crusader Cir Atlas Concrete Concrete production No

Car Wash 2581 Quality Ct Ste 504 Wash Me Pleaze, LLC Nonautomated vehicle

washing No

Auto Repair 3642 Holland Rd Ste

101 Master Tech

Multiple auto repair

facilities on site No


102 Mr. Transmission




103

Davis Car Care and

Tire Center




104 The Muffler Shop



Auto Repair 1704 Southern Blvd Sam’s Body Shop

Outdoor covered area

potential for vehicle

washing/servicing

No

Auto Repair 5018 Euclid Rd B & E Auto Service

Inc.

Outdoor covered area/lift


washing/servicing

No

Auto Repair 4877 Haygood Rd Mid Atlantic Auto

Specialists



washing/servicing

No

Auto Repair 676 N Witchduck Rd,

Ste D

Southside

Transmission Inc.



washing/servicing &

overcrowded site

No

Agriculture

Service 4164 West Neck Rd

Coastal Landscape

Nursery Inc.

Outdoor

storage/landscaping No

Wholesale

Merchant/

Durable

5021 Morris Neck Rd Frank T. Williams

Farms

Outdoor



2-25



in FY17

Wholesale

Merchant/

Durable

965 S Military Hwy Four Seasons Nursery Outdoor


Wholesale

Merchant/

Durable

1241 Princess Anne Rd Bennetts Creek

Nursery

Outdoor


Wholesale

Merchant/

Durable

619 London Bridge Rd Paradise Palms LLC Outdoor


Aggregate

Storage/

Trucking

153 Butternut Ln C.W. Scott Trucking

Inc.

Outdoor


Highway

Maintenance 553 Central Dr

Atlantic Heating &

Cooling Outdoor materials storage No

Salvage 221 Southgate Ave Virginia Beach

Salvage Exchange

Outdoor storage of salvage

materials No

Wholesale

Merchant/

Durable

124 Sykes Ave Dunn Concrete

Recycling

Process and sells recycled

stone No

Highway

Construction

Material

Storage

5792 Northampton Blvd Branch Civil, Inc.

(Ev Williams, Inc.)

Stockpile yard for roadway

construction No

Equipment &

Auto Rental 716 S Military Hwy

Hertz Rental (Hertz

Equipment Rental)

Vehicle and equipment

rentals, unsure if there is a

designated wash bay

No

There are 38 facilities with VPDES permits that discharge into the MS4. Table 2-7 shows the list of

VPDES permitted facilities. The outfall inspection status has been indicated.

Table 2-7. List of VPDES Permitted Facilities, DMR Status, and Outfall Inspection Status

Permit Number Permit Type Facility DMR Reviewed Outfall Inspected in

FY17

VAR050294 Stormwater Industrial GP United Parcel Service -

Virginia Beach Yes No

VAR050320 Stormwater Industrial GP Lynnhaven Marine - Boatel No*** No

VAR050353 Stormwater Industrial GP Aetna Insulated Wire

Company No*** No

VAR050356 Stormwater Industrial GP Hermes Abrasives Limited Yes No


2-26



FY17

VAR050360 Stormwater Industrial GP FedEx Freight Incorporated -

VBE Yes No

VAR050363 Stormwater Industrial GP Hampton Roads Transit -

Parks Avenue Yes No

VAR050407 Stormwater Industrial GP US Navy - NAS - Oceana -

Dam Neck Annex Yes No

VAR051266 Stormwater Industrial GP Pick N Pull Auto Dismantlers

- Virginia Beach Yes No

VAR051581 Stormwater Industrial GP Calcagni Machine Works Inc

- Surplus Recycling Yes No

VAR051884 Stormwater Industrial GP NGK Locke Polymer

Insulators Incorporated Yes No

VAR051982 Stormwater Industrial GP US Navy - Joint Expeditionary

Base - Ft Story Yes No

VAR052090 Stormwater Industrial GP KW1 LLC Yes No

VAR052221 Stormwater Industrial GP Busch Manufacturing LLC Yes No

VAR052318 Stormwater Industrial GP Virginia Beach Landfill No 2 Yes Yes

VAG750057 Vehicle Wash and

Laundry GP R CO Petroleum Yes No


Laundry GP

Enterprise Rent A Car - 3269

Virginia Beach Blvd Yes Yes


Laundry GP

Enterprise Rent A Car - 1877

Laskin Road Yes No


Laundry GP

Avis Rent A Car - 3664

Virginia Beach Boulevard Yes Yes


Laundry GP Car Choice Enterprises No*** No

VAG830495** Petroleum Discharge GP Virginia Beach City-L Holly

Watershed Improvement Yes No

VAN030052 Nutrient Trading GP HRSD - York River Aggregate

Nutrient Discharge N/A* No

VAN040090 Nutrient Trading GP

HRSD - James River -

Aggregate Nutrient

Discharge

N/A* No

VAG840148 Nonmetallic Mineral

Mining GP

Bonney Bright Sand

Company Yes No


2-27



FY17


Mining GP

M M Gunter and Son Inc -

Seaboard Borrow Pit Yes No


Mining GP

Hampton Roads Recovery

Ctr LLC - Gomez Pit Yes Yes


Mining GP

Taylor Farm Land Company

Borrow Pit Yes No

VAG403089 Domestic Sewage GP Luke Residence No*** No

VAG250119 Cooling Water Discharge

GP ECPI - Virginia Beach Yes No

VAG110033 Concrete Products GP Titan Virginia Ready Mix LLC

- Oceana Yes No

VAG110058 Concrete Products GP

Capital Concrete

Incorporated - Virginia

Beach

Yes No

VAG110350 Concrete Products GP

Oceana Naval Base

Concrete Plant for Runway

Repair

Yes No

VA0005266 Individual - Industrial US Navy - Naval Air Station -

Oceana Yes No

VA0062391 Individual - Municipal Indian Cove Resort

Association Incorporated Yes No

VA0079928 Individual - Industrial US Navy - Joint Expeditionary

Base - Little Creek Yes No

VA0081248 Individual - Municipal HRSD - Atlantic Sewage

Treatment Plant Yes No

VA0081264 Individual - Municipal

HRSD - Chesapeake-

Elizabeth Sewage Treatment

Plant

Yes No

VA0087548 Individual - Industrial NuStar Terminals Operations

Prtnrshp LP - VA Beach Yes No

VPG100159

General Permit for

Animal Feeding

Operations and Animal

Waste Management

BHI4 LLC N/A* No

*Not required to submit DMRs

**Permit Terminated in May 2017

***No DMR received


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• Each annual report shall report on implementation of the inspection schedule and include a

list of the facilities and/or facility outfalls inspected during the reporting period.

During PY1, the City inspected four industrial activity outfalls. The list of facilities inspected is

included in Tables 2-6 and 2-7 above.

• Each annual report shall include a list of referrals to the Department.

During PY1, the City identified five facilities for referral to DEQ. The identified facilities for referral

(see Table 2-8) either did not submit DMRs or had a significant pollutant load reported during

monitoring.

Table 2-8. FY17 DEQ Referral List

Permit No. Name of Facility Reason for Referral

VAG750246 Car Choice Enterprises Did not submit

DMRs

VAR050320 Lynnhaven Marine - Boatel Did not submit

DMRs

VAR050353 Aetna Insulated Wire

Company

Did not submit

DMRs

VAR051581 Calcagni Machine Works -

Surplus Recycling

Significant Pollutant

Load

VAR052090 KW1 LLC Significant Pollutant

Load

Program Evaluation

The City is currently on track to meet this permit requirement. After completing a review of the

current program, the City identified improvements for the remaining permit years. During PY2, the

City will incorporate MS4 outfalls that are connected to industrial and high risk runoff facilities into

the site selection criteria for the dry weather screening program.

2.9 Stormwater Infrastructure Management


This section documents the City’s implementation procedures for the inspection and maintenance of

public and private SWMFs and public stormwater infrastructure required in Part I.B.2.h. of the MS4

permit. The City’s stormwater infrastructure and SWMF inventory is maintained in a GIS database.

Public assets associated with the storm sewer system are updated upon receipt of as-built and

record drawings, as well as survey data associated with infrastructure construction projects or

stormwater master plans. In addition, through various field efforts, data on assets are updated as

staff identify missing or incorrect asset information. Inspections and maintenance of the public

storm sewer system are tracked in the City’s work management system. Documentation of

inspections and required maintenance on public systems are tracked via work orders.

The City conducts stormwater infrastructure and SWMF inspections on a routine basis and following

citizen complaints. Inspections may be performed based on service requests, neighborhood

rehabilitation projects, infrastructure verification surveys conducted in conjunction with watershed


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modeling efforts, dry weather screening, defect surety, and MS4 permit inspections. Routine

inspections occur in conjunction with City efforts to verify infrastructure asset data and to assess the

asset condition. Additional inspections are scheduled as needed.

During PY1, the City developed a SWMF Inspection and Maintenance Manual to replace the previous

procedures manual. The Manual includes procedures for the inspections and recommended

maintenance activities and frequencies for the types of SWMFs operated by the City. The Manual

incorporates current permit requirements, the types of SWMFs approved by the Virginia Stormwater

BMP Clearinghouse, Chesapeake Bay Program Expert Panels, and other propriety SWMFs approved

for water quality credit by DEQ.

During PY1, the City revised its SWMF inspection schedule to conduct inspections for municipally

owned or operated SWMFs on an annual basis, while private SWMFs with and without maintenance

agreements remained on a five-year schedule inspection schedule. SWMF inspections are

conducted by the City and contractors to identify functionality and maintenance needs. During PY1,

the City conducted 853 inspections of public SWMFs and 532 inspections of private facilities.

To encourage owners of SWMFs without maintenance agreements to perform regular maintenance,

the City developed a pilot program to provide targeted educational materials about the benefits of

regular maintenance and provided incentives for property owners to establish maintenance

agreements through the utility fee reduction program.

During PY1, the City also developed a strategy to address SWMFs designed to treat stormwater

runoff solely from an individual lot. The strategy includes the development of an educational program

that includes materials for homeowners to complete regular inspections and maintenance of

SWMFs, as well as outreach to contractors who perform SWMF maintenance.

Mapping of MS4 outfalls in the Lynnhaven River watershed was initiated during PY1. This updated

outfall mapping is being conducted in conjunction with the development of stormwater master plans

and associated stormwater infrastructure updates for the Lynnhaven River watershed. The outfall

identification number, location, and drainage area served by the MS4 outfalls are being compiled for

each outfall.

The MS4 service area for the Lynnhaven, Little Creek, and Elizabeth River watersheds was initiated

during PY1. The MS4 service areas were delineated utilizing the methodology in the DEQ

Chesapeake Bay TMDL Action Plan Guidance. The MS4 service areas are being used to calculate the

impervious and pervious areas acres served by the MS4, as well as the development of the City’s

Chesapeake Bay TMDL Action Plan, as documented in Section 4.1.


• The permittee shall submit with the annual report due October 1, 2017 the written

inspection and maintenance procedures.

The written inspections and maintenance procedures are included in the MS4 Program Plan on the

City’s website. The MS4 Program Plan is located at the following web link:

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/surface-water-

regulation/Pages/default.aspx




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• Each annual report shall include a summary of activities performed in support of the

inspection and maintenance program required in Part I.B.2.h)1). The summary shall include

the total number of drainage structures operated by the permittee; the total length of open

conveyance that is part of the permittee’s MS4; the total number of the drainage structures

inspected and the total length of open conveyances inspected. In addition, the permittee

shall maintain records documenting the inspection of drainage structures and open

conveyances to include a list of drainage structures inspected, the date inspected, the type

of structures, the location, and identified maintenance needs and when the maintenance

was performed as required in Part I.B.2.h)1).

Table 2-9 includes the City’s asset inventory as of July 1, 2016, the quantity of assets inspected in

PY1, and the percent of assets inspected.

Table 2-9. City Owned Stormwater Infrastructure

Asset Type Assets Owned/Operated Assets Inspected Percent of Assets Inspected*

Drainage Structures 46,682 structures 9,258 structures 20%

Pipes 5,246,208 linear feet 1,169,563 linear feet 22%

Ditches 3,220,800 linear feet 637,413 linear feet 20%

* the minimum requirement is 15%

• The annual report due October 1, 2017 shall include the permittee’s strategy to address

maintenance of stormwater management controls that are designed to treat stormwater

runoff solely from the individual residential lot on which they are located.

The City’s strategy to address stormwater runoff from single family residential lots is included in

Appendix C.

• Each annual report shall include a list of activities including inspections performed and

notifications of needed maintenance and repair of stormwater facilities not operated by the

permittee as required by Part I.B.2.h)2).

During PY1, the City inspected 532 private SWMFs and performed 82 re-inspections. Additionally,

the City issued 155 first notifications of required maintenance or repair and 55 second notifications.

All records are maintained in the City's work management system. No referrals for enforcement were

made in PY1.

Program Evaluation

The City either met, or exceeded, the permit requirements regarding infrastructure and SWMF

inspections and maintenance or notification of needed maintenance. The City is on track to map the

MS4 service area and each MS4 outfall in the Lynnhaven River watershed, and to identify acres

served by the MS4 and stormwater controls in accordance with the permit requirements. The City is

in compliance with the permit requirements for private SWMF without maintenance agreements and

single family residential SWMF, and has developed required maintenance strategies.

2.10 City Facilities


This section documents the City’s operation and maintenance of City facilities as required in permit

Section I.B.2.i. During PY1, the City evaluated and identified municipal facilities with a high potential


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for discharging stormwater pollution. The list was initially developed utilizing a GIS desktop analysis

of sites to determine if activities may be occurring outdoors. Following the desktop analysis, field

visits were conducted to confirm or revise the findings. Facilities were removed from the high priority

list if no high-risk activities (as defined in permit Section I.B.2.i.2.b) were identified. The City

identified eight facilities as high priority.

Good housekeeping practices are being implemented at each facility to reduce the risk of pollutants

entering the MS4.


• The annual report due October 1, 2017 shall include a list of all high priority municipal

facilities.

The City identified eight facilities as high priority as shown in Table 2-10.

Table 2-10. High Priority Municipal Facilities

Facility Name Location

Public Works Waste Management Division Yard 3024 Holland Rd.

Public Works Operations Dam Neck Yard 3556 Dam Neck Rd.

Public Works Operations Oceana Yard 156 Oceana Blvd.

Public Works Operations Pungo Yard 1848 Pleasant Ridge Rd.

Public Works Operations and Parks and Recreation Euclid Yard 100 Southgate Ave.

Public Works Fleet Maintenance 2633 Leroy Rd.

Public Utilities Operations Dam Neck Yard 3500 Dam Neck Rd.

Parks and Recreation Lynnhaven Yard 2150 Lynnhaven Pkwy.

Program Evaluation

The City is currently on track to meet the permit requirements. SWPPPs for the facilities identified in

Table 2-10 will be developed in future years in accordance with permit requirements.

2.11 Public Education/Participation


This section documents the implementation of public education and participation requirements

defined in permit Section I.B.2.j. The City implements an outreach program to raise public awareness

of stormwater pollution and how citizens can help improve stormwater quality. In addition to the

City’s local efforts, the City is in partnership with 16 other regional municipalities which formed a

program called askHRgreen (see http://askHRgreen.org) through the Hampton Roads Planning

District Commission (HRPDC) in 2011. The program serves as a regional awareness campaign on

topics related to stormwater quality and the MS4 permit. City staff participate in askHRgreen

subcommittees to share ideas across municipalities and pool resources for educational programs

geared towards stormwater pollution prevention, fats, oils, and grease management programs, pet

waste control, and water conservation. It was estimated that 13,033 individuals from the City

accessed the AskHRgreen website during PY1.


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The City performed the actions listed below as part of its public education and participation program.

Table 2.11 provides additional information regarding the number of people reached through the

various programs described below.

1. Promote, publicize, and facilitate public reporting of illicit discharges or improper disposal of

materials into the MS4. To accomplish this, the City:

a. Promotes and publicizes public reporting of illicit discharges and improper disposal

through VBgov.com and askHRgreen.org. The City has also developed printed

materials about improper disposal, picking up after pets, pool maintenance, and

vehicle maintenance.

b. Facilitates public reporting through email, phone, online chat, and a reporting

application for mobile devices.

c. Provides public information about the improper disposal of materials into the MS4

through its storm drain medallion program. Storm drain markers were installed at

886 locations in PY1 throughout the City.

d. Implements through askHRgreen the “Write as Rain” campaign that placed

stormwater educational messages on sidewalks throughout the City that only show

up in rainy weather. The messages include sayings such as “Only Rain Down the

Storm Drain”; “Your River Starts Here. Keep it Clean”; “From Store to Shore. Plastic

Pollutes”; “Cigarette Butts are Litter, Too”; 'You drop it, I drink it'; and 'No such thing

as a little litter'. A news article and video was developed to help spread public

awareness of the program.

2. Continue to promote individual and group involvement in local water quality improvement

initiatives including the promotion of local water resource restoration and clean-up projects,

programs, groups, meetings and other opportunities for public involvement. To accomplish

this, the City:

a. Contracted with a local watershed restoration organization to coordinate volunteer

clean up events, hold meetings, and presentations. The City supported two

residential home programs to promote individual involvement through the Bay Star

Homes and Pearl Homes programs.

b. Participates in the Keep America Beautiful and Keep Virginia Beautiful programs,

which include helping hands and beautification events. The City also participates

annually in Clean the Bay day. During PY1, volunteers removed 14,606 pounds of

trash from Chesapeake Bay watersheds across the City.

c. Works with volunteers to complete wetland plantings, dune stabilization, vegetated

SWMF plantings, and tree plantings.

d. Participates in the Adopt-A-Program, which encourages concerned citizens to conduct

regular cleanup activities and submit report cards of status after each event. The

City supplies clean up materials and posts a sign indicating the name of the adoptee

at the location. During PY1, volunteers removed 27,815 pounds of trash through

these programs.

e. Utilized social media to promote events within the City, respond to citizen inquiries,

share blog articles, and promote important programs and initiatives like the Bay Star

Homes workshops, America Recycles Day, the Great American Cleanup, and the

Write as Rain campaign. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube were utilized to

promote askHRgreen.org messages.


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3. Develop an outreach program for public and private golf courses located within the City

which discharge to the permittee’s MS4 that encourages implementation of integrated

management practice (IMP) plans and techniques to reduce runoff of fertilizer and

pesticides. To address this, the City:

a. Developed outreach strategies to encourage golf courses to develop IMP plans. Golf

courses were required to implement nutrient management plans by July 1, 2017.

4. Promote, publicize, and facilitate the proper management and disposal of used oil and

household hazardous wastes. To address this, the City:

a. Publicizes the Resource Recovery Center, which collects used oil and household

hazardous waste on Vbgov.com. The City publicizes other events throughout the year

where household hazardous wastes are collected. Events are also promoted and

publicized regionally on askHRgreen.org.

b. Hosted through PW department two household hazardous waste collection events

during PY1. The events were held at the Virginia Aquarium on January 28, 2017 and

at the Mt. Trashmore Earth Day Event on April 22, 2017. Materials collected included

latex paint, propane tanks, cathode ray tubes, batteries, mercury, light bulbs, metal,

and household liquids and solids. During the events, over 11,000 pounds of paint,

1,000 pounds of batteries, and 9,000 pounds of cathode ray tubes were collected.

5. Promote and publicize the proper disposal of pet waste and household yard waste. To

address this, the City:

a. Distributed nine new pet waste stations in PY1 as part of the scoop the poop

campaign. The stations may be requested by organizations directly through the City

or askHRgreen.org. The City also maintains existing pet waste stations on public

property, including public parks. Proper pet waste disposal techniques are advertised

on askHRgreen.org.

b. Collects yard waste as a part of the waste management collection program. The City

publicizes the yard waste collection program and provides details on acceptable

materials and bagging requirements on VBgov.com.

c. Distributes pet waste and household yard waste educational materials at public

events, including pamphlets and giveaways.

d. Ran a 2-week radio and online media campaign for proper disposal of pet waste and

leaves. The total estimated impressions for City residents were 189,105.

6. Promote and publicize the use of the City’s litter prevention program. To address this, the

City:

a. Conducts outreach and distributes litter prevention materials including pamphlets

and giveaways at events.

b. Conducted a Recycle More Trash Less campaign using a new video over a six-week

period online with a total of 158,643 impressions on residents within the City.

c. Developed a region-wide litter campaign in partnership with askHRgreen.org. The

campaign will center around printed materials the City can use to promote cleanups

like Adopt-a-Spot and Great American Cleanup in addition to general outreach to

residents and businesses.

7. Promote and publicize methods for residential car washing that minimize water quality

impacts. To address this, the City:


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a. Distributes brochures and promotes the askHRgreen.org website to educate the

public on residential car washing. The brochure encourages residents to wash on

grass or gravel and how to dispose of soapy water.

b. Developed a strategy to improve the outreach program.

8. Promote and publicize the proper use, application, and disposal of pesticides, herbicides,

and fertilizers by public, commercial, and private applicators and distributors. To address

this, the City:

a. Participates in outreach events and distributes brochures and giveaways on proper

use, application, and disposal of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers. The City

Landfill and Resource Recovery Center is promoted on VBgov.com for the disposal of

pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers.

b. Ran a 2-week radio and online media campaign for proper fertilizer use and testing

soil before fertilizing. The estimated campaign impressions for residents within the

City was 254,393.

9. Encourage private property owners to implement voluntary stormwater management

techniques and/or retrofits. To address this, the City:

a. Developed requests for proposals to assist homeowners in the installation of

stormwater retrofits on residential lots in the Elizabeth River and Lynnhaven River

watersheds.

b. The City encourages environmental and stormwater stewardship through the Bay

Star Home Program and the Pearl Home Program. These programs encourage and

recognize a homeowner’s part in the health of a watershed through homeowner

pledges to start or continue environmentally friendly activities such as; scoop-the-

poop, install rain barrels, test soil before fertilizing, or commit to not put fats, oils, or

grease down the drain. Educational materials and giveaways are provided to

applicants. During PY1, there were 153 new Bay Star Homes and 603 new Pearl

Homes.

10. Target strategies towards local groups of commercial, industrial, and institutional entities

likely to have significant stormwater impacts. To address this, the City:

a. Evaluated potential groups, including businesses related to car washing and pools,

and targeted outreach methods to address each group. Outreach materials will be

developed and distributed to the groups identified.


• Each annual report shall include a list of permittee public outreach and education activities

and the estimated number of individuals reached through the activities. An evaluation of

program effectiveness, as outlined in the MS4 Program Plan with recommendations for

future changes shall also be included.

The events listed in Table 2-11 include presentations, educational events, and cleanups that

occurred in PY1. The total litter collected from all cleanup events was 51,428 pounds. It was

estimated that 13,033 individuals from the City accessed the AskHRgreen website during PY1.


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Table 2-11. List of Public Outreach and Education Activities

Event Number of Individuals Reached or Participants

Storm Drain Marker Program 14 volunteers (886 medallions)

Community Association Day 450

Sensible Seafood Festival 735

MOCA Family Fest Day Unknown

Boy Scout Troop Presentation 18

Capstone Community Forum 150

VIBE Art Festival 300

Clean the Bay Day 2,082

Clean the Bay Day Picnic 130

Great American Cleanup 54

Targeted Cleanups 533

Old Moose Lodge/London Bridge Road River Cleanup 27

Francis Land House River Cleanup 35

Little Neck Creek River Cleanup 12

Adopt-A-Program 1,236

Beach Garden Park River Cleanup 34

Potters Road and Lynnhaven Parkway River Cleanup 74

West Neck Creek Cleanup and Invasive Species Removal 12

Hampton Roads Sustainable Living Expo (HRSLE) 800

Anthem Eco Fair Unknown

Public Utilities Public Service Week & DWW Celebration 335

Public Works Employee Event 685

Community Advisory Committee (CAC) 60

Lynnhaven River NOW Brock Center Public Presentation 30

Green Run National Night Out 500

Neptune Festival Parade 75,000

Holiday Parade 75,000

Community Associations Day 450

Spring Fling 400

Lynnhaven River NOW Fall Festival 1,000

Water Quality Sampling 16

Bay Island Civic League 45

Rose and Womble Realty 22

Cape Henry Rotary Club 50


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Table 2-11. List of Public Outreach and Education Activities

Event Number of Individuals Reached or Participants

Winter Wildlife Festival 92

Gamma Pi DGK 107

REI Staff 10

Hampton Roads Pride 150

Wilderness First Aid Course 25

Virginia Beach Rotary 24

Legends of the Fly 243

Coast Guard Auxiliary 35

Ocean Park Civic League 45

Urinetown Play 50

Back Deck Seafood Festival 125

Winter Wildlife Festival 1,200

Citizen Science – Water Quality Testing & Interpreting the Data 22

L&J Garden Civic League 20

Virginia Aquarium Trash Bash 5,466

Earth Day 8,000

VA E-Cycle Event 600

Leaves Down the Drain/ Pet Waste Campaign via askHRgreen 189,105

Composting 15

Bird and Plant Walks 57

Landscape for Life 25

Spring Garden Show 6,000

Litter Index 8

America Recycles Day 150

Trashion Show 525

VBMG Fall Gardening Festival 1,200

Lawn Care Campaign via askHRgreen 254,393

Broad Bay Island Garden Club 26

Garden Club Presentation 30

Board of Governors, Garden Club of Virginia 50

Buffer Workshop 12

Rain Barrel Workshop 12

Water Friendly Landscaping 12

Unitarian Church Stormwater Management Workshop 20


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• Each annual report shall provide a summary of voluntary retrofits completed on private

property used to demonstrate pollutant reduction requirements. Note that any voluntary

project for which the permittee seeks to use for pollutant reduction requirements must be

tracked and reported.

Voluntary stormwater retrofits are encouraged as part of the Bay Star and Pearl Home Programs

implemented by the City. There were no recorded voluntary retrofit projects completed on private

property used to demonstrate pollutant reduction for the City.

• Each annual report shall provide a summary of voluntary stormwater management

techniques encouraged on private property.

The City’s efforts to encourage voluntary stormwater management techniques is included in the

Summary of Implementation above.

Program Evaluation

The City is in compliance for PY1 and is currently on track to meet the permit requirements for future

years. The City will provide additional stormwater management guidance to residents that sign up

with either the Bay Star or Pearl Home Programs. The City will encourage tracking of retrofits or

management techniques installed. The City will also implement contracts to assist property owners

with the installation of retrofit projects.

2.12 Training


Permit Section I.B.2.k. includes the City’s requirements for employee and contractor training. During

FY17, the City evaluated its training needs to meet the permit requirements. The City identified staff

roles that would require specific training or certifications and developed a training plan and training

presentations. The plan included both in-house training and third party sources. Third party training

sources included regional training through the HRPDC and maintenance of training and certification

through appropriate state agencies.

In order to meet training required by the permit, the City developed two training sessions to be

conducted internally: 1) Illicit Discharges: Recognition and Reporting and 2) Good Housekeeping and

Pollution Prevention Practices. These sessions will cover the following permit topics:

• Illicit Discharges: Recognition and Reporting – Recognition and reporting of illicit discharges,

defining what qualifies as an illicit discharge.

• Good Housekeeping and Pollution Prevention Practices – Good housekeeping and pollution

prevention practices to be employed during road, street, and parking lot maintenance,

associated with City maintenance and public works facilities, and City recreation facilities.

External training will be used to meet the additional training requirements. This training is described

below:

• Virginia Pesticide Control Act Training/Certification – For City employees or contractors who

apply pesticides to obtain required training for pesticide application.

• Emergency Spill Response Training/Certification – For emergency response employees to

have training and/or certifications in spill response.

• Erosion and Sediment Control Training/Certification – For City plan reviewers, inspectors,

program administrators, and construction site operators to obtain required training and/or

certification for erosion and sediment control.


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• Stormwater Management Training – For City employees who implement the modified

stormwater management criteria to obtain training and certifications.

The City will implement the described internal training sessions to be in compliance with the biennial

training requirements for illicit discharge and good housekeeping. External trainings will be

completed in accordance with permit requirements.


• Each annual report shall include a list of training events, the date and the estimated number

of individuals attending each event.

During PY1, the City hosted two in-house training sessions identified in Table 2-12.

Table 2-12. Summary of Training Events

Training Event Date Number of Attendees

IDDE Recognition and Reporting 2/27/2017 - 3/3/2017 28

E&S and SWM Workshop 8/29/2016 32

• The annual report due October 1, 2017 shall include documentation of employee emergency

spill response training and/or certification.

The City's Fire Department personnel are required to attend a 40 hour Hazardous Materials

Operations course. In addition, depending on the employment position, further training includes:

• Hazardous Materials Operations – Course that meets recommendations of NFPA 472 and

OSHA 1910.120 (q)(6)(ii).

• Hazardous Materials Technician Course - Course in accordance with NFPA 472 and 29 CFR

1910.120 (q).

• Chemistry of Handling Materials - Course that provides an understanding of basic chemistry

of hazardous materials.

• Hazardous Materials Advanced Tactical Control - Course provides specialist-level training on

advanced hazardous materials control techniques.

• Hazardous Materials Incident Planning and Management - Course designed for emergency

incident managers.

• Hazardous Materials Tactical Command and Safety - Course designed for hazardous

materials team leaders and hazardous materials specialists who would function as the

HAZMAT Branch Officer or Safety Officer.

Program Evaluation

The City is in compliance with the PY1 requirements and completed the evaluation of training needs

and identified personnel who require training. In PY2, the City will begin implementing training

procedures developed in PY1. For future permit years, the City will implement online training

sessions for staff to cover illicit discharges and good housekeeping topics.


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2.13 Dry Weather Screening Program


This section documents the City’s implementation of a dry weather screening program as required in

Permit Section I.B.2.I. During PY1, the City developed dry weather screening procedures and

screened 50 outfalls throughout the watersheds. For the 50 stations investigated, 43 stations had

no flow. Seven stations were observed to have dry weather flow and/or one or more physical

indicators and these stations are summarized below.

1. Station 12210-276 was investigated on May 15, 2017 and had flow with suds in the stream.

The flow was traced and determined to be from groundwater infiltration. There were no

threshold exceedances. No illicit discharges were identified.

2. Station 22020-050 was investigated on May 19, 2017 and had flow. The flow was

determined to be from a residential lawn. There were no threshold exceedances. No illicit

discharges were identified.

3. Station 29110-038 was investigated on May 18, 2017 and had algal and oyster growth. The

flow was due to a tidal influence. No illicit discharges were identified.

4. Station 06140-530 was investigated on May 9, 2017 and had flow, algal growth, and a slight

oil sheen. Flow was traced and determined to be due to groundwater infiltration. There were

no threshold exceedances. No illicit discharges were identified.

5. Station 01040-012 was investigated on May 17, 2017 and had a surface sheen. The sheen

was determined to be due to tidal flushing. No illicit discharges were identified.

6. Station 21080-304 was investigated on June 13, 2017 and had algal growth and a sheen.

The sheen did not exhibit any petroleum characteristics. No illicit discharges were identified.

For the six stations described above, the investigation was opened and closed on the same day.

7. Station 05220-690 was investigated on May 16, 2017 and moderate flow and odor were

observed. Chemical analysis at the station found chlorine concentrations above the

established threshold. The flow was traced but no source could be determined. Due to

weather conditions, the reinvestigation was not able to be performed within 14 days. Re-

investigation was performed on June 8, 2017 and flow was present again with a chlorine

odor and sampling indicated a chlorine chemical exceedance. The City determined that the

source was a potable water line within several feet of station 05220-876. The potable water

line contained a leak and discharge from the water line was seeping into an adjacent storm

sewer inlet. Repairs were conducted on the water line following the investigation and a

reinvestigation of the outfall two days later showed no dry weather flow.


• Each annual report shall include the total number of outfalls included as part of the

permittee’s MS4, the number of outfalls screened during the reporting period, a list of

locations upon which dry weather screening was conducted, the results and any follow-up

actions including a summary of each investigation conducted by the operator of any

suspected illicit discharge. The summary shall include: (i) the date that the suspected

discharge was observed; (ii) how the investigation was resolved, including any follow-up, and

(iii) resolution of the investigation and the date the investigation was closed.

As of July 1, 2016, the City had 3,573 MS4 outfalls. During PY1, the City screened 50 outfalls as part

of its dry weather screening program. Table 2-13 includes the list of outfalls screened. Outfalls which


2-40

required additional investigation are referred to in the Summary of Implementation. Following the

investigations, no illicit discharges were identified during PY1 screenings.

Table 2-13. Summary of Outfalls Screened

Outfall Station # Date of Inspection Location Potential Illicit Discharge

06380-044 May 10, 2017 Across the street from 1300-block of Old Clubhouse Rd. No

12210-276 May 15, 2017 Near the intersection of Bonneydale Rd. & Berwyn Rd. Yes

294000-016 May 16, 2017 Near the intersection of Huntsman Drive & Gannet Run No

02060-068 May 17, 2017 Near the intersection of Lake Edward Drive & Waxham

Court No

03260-078 May 17, 2017 Near the intersection of Deacons Lane & Charity Drive No

30010-2862 May 18, 2017 Near the intersection of 58th Street & Meer Street No

30010-4974 May 18, 2017 Near the intersection of 26th Street & Mediterranean

Street No

30010-5082 May 18, 2017 Near the intersection of Starr Way & Eden Way No

29203-086 May 19, 2017 Can be accessed 609-612 Christian Drive No

21060-000 May 19, 2017 Near the intersection of Overholt Drive & Ambassador

Drive No

22020-050 May 19, 2017 Near the intersection of Lancelot Drive & Rodney Drive Yes

22040-136 May 22, 2017 Near the intersection of Skipwith Road & Gates Landing

Road No

22060-144 May 22, 2017 Near the intersection of Old Homestead Lane &

Homeward Drive No

17100-495 June 4, 2017 Near the intersection of Kempsville Road & Balboa Drive No

07080-140 June 13, 2017 Near the intersection of Kempsville Road & Balboa Drive No

03220-488 June 5, 2017 Near the intersection of North Witchduck Road &

Richardson Road No

01000-025 May 17, 2017 Near the intersection of Diamond Springs Road & Haden

Road No

01230-038 May 17, 2017 Near the intersection of Northampton Boulevard & Baker

Road No

29110-038 May 18, 2017 Near the intersection of Artic Avenue & Winston Salem

Avenue Yes

04540-2266 May 18, 2017 Near the intersection of Columbus Loop & Beasley Drive No

21020-096 May 19, 2017 Near the intersection of South Parliament Drive &

Challedon Drive No

01540-1034 June 13, 2017 Near the intersection of Virginia Beach Boulevard &

Nelms Lane No

04680-060 June 8, 2017 Near the intersection of South Plaza Trail & Healthy Way No


2-41



30010-1180 May 18, 2017 Near the intersection of West Great Neck Road & Cape

Henry Drive No

30010-1096 May 18, 2017 Near the intersection of Ebb Tide Road & Cape Henry

Drive No

29170-000 May 19, 2017 Near the intersection of 6th Street & Cape Henry Drive No

06100-202 June 13, 2017 Near the intersection of Lynnhaven Parkway & Southern

Boulevard No

01090-206 June 13, 2017 Near the intersection of Haygood Road & Ferry Plantation

Road No

06140-530 May 9, 2017 Near the intersection of Central Drive & Industry Lane Yes

06160-020 May 10, 2017 Near the intersection of Crusader Circle & Transportation

Lane No

06100-900 May 10, 2017 Near the intersection of Lynnhaven Parkway & Dean Drive No

08100-090 May 16, 2017 Near the intersection of Southern Boulevard & Sykes

Avenue No

06370-098 May 16, 2017 Near the intersection of Lynnhaven Parkway & Riverbend

Road No

06340-033 May 16, 2017 Near the intersection of International Parkway & Seahawk

Circle No

06170-180 May 16, 2017 Near the intersection of Lynnhaven Parkway & Viking Drive No

01040-012 May 17, 2017 Near the intersection of Shell Road & Maharis Road Yes

18040-308 June 4, 2017 Near the intersection of South Military Highway & Drift

Tide Drive No

06300-198 May 16, 2017 Near the intersection of Holland Road & Diana Lee Drive No

21070-1478 May 17, 2017 Near the intersection of Cleveland Street & Expressway

Court No

09271-114 May 17, 2017 Near the intersection of Dam Neck Road & General Booth

Boulevard No

30010-1020 May 18, 2017 Near the intersection of Cape Henry Drive & Urchin Road No

06370-294 June 8, 2017 Near the intersection of Holland Road & Lynnhaven

Parkway No

21080-304 June 13, 2017 Near the intersection of Cleveland Street & Clearfield

Avenue Yes

18060-120 June 4, 2017 Near the intersection of Indian River Road & South

Military Highway No

21080-000 June 13, 2017 Near the intersection of Cleveland Street & Marian Lane No

07100-041 May 16, 2017 Near the intersection of Virginia Beach Boulevard &

Village Road No


2-42



07120-178 May 16, 2017 Near the intersection of Virginia Beach Boulevard & Air

Station Drive No

05080-362 May 18, 2017 Near the intersection of Virginia Beach Boulevard &

Cranston Lane No

05220-690 May 16, 2017 Near the intersection of Rose Hall Drive & Blue Castle

Lane Yes

01030-080 May 17, 2017 Near the intersection of Air Rail Avenue & Thurston

Avenue No

Program Evaluation

The City is in compliance with the PY1 requirements and has completed the screening of 50 outfalls.

2.14 Infrastructure Coordination


The City met with VDOT on October 11, 2016 as required in permit Section I.B.2.m. The meeting

focused primarily on MS4 mapping efforts and the distinction between the City’s MS4 service area

and the VDOT right-of way (ROW) but included all topics required by the permit. The topics discussed

and the resulting conversation are detailed below:

• Mapping - Both the City and VDOT have coordinated their corresponding MS4 service areas

and no significant discrepancies were observed during the evaluation. Further coordination

will be performed, as the City completes the stormwater infrastructure management

element.

• Chesapeake Bay TMDL Action Plan - The MS4 service areas for the City and VDOT have been

coordinated and no significant discrepancies were observed during evaluation. Further

coordination will be performed, as projects and programs are identified within the action

plans.

• Other TMDL Action Plans - The City coordinated with VDOT on the Local TMDL Action Plans

that will be developed for the bacteria and phosphorus impairments within the City. Further

coordination will be performed, as projects and programs are identified within the action

plans.

• Credit for TMDL Implementation - The City and VDOT are both interested in potential

opportunities to partner to develop water quality improvement projects on properties

adjoining the VDOT ROW for TMDL credit.

• Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination - The procedures and points of contact for

notification of an illicit discharge were discussed and established during the meeting. The

City and VDOT have coordinated on the VDOT high risk industrial facilities within the City.

• Water Quality Monitoring - The City has provided the water quality monitoring locations and

data to VDOT.


2-43

The City is planning the next coordination meeting with VDOT in PY2. During the meeting, the focus

will be on the development of the City’s TMDL Action Plans and communicating projects and

programs to VDOT.


• As part of its Annual Report, the permittee shall document coordination efforts with VDOT

that occurred during the reporting year.

The VDOT coordination efforts are described in the Summary of Implementation.

Program Evaluation

The City has completed the process of coordinating MS4 service area mapping efforts with VDOT

during PY1.


3-1

Section 3

Monitoring Requirements

This section includes specific reporting requirements for Permit Section I.C. as required in Part I.E of

the MS4 Permit.

3.1 In System/Wet Weather Monitoring


The City has implemented an in-system monitoring program to characterize the stormwater

discharged to the MS4, identify pollutants of concern, and determine loading associated with land

uses based on the guidelines provided in Section I.C.1 of the permit. The program is implemented

through cooperation with the HRPDC, the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the Hampton

Roads Sanitation District (HRSD). The team has selected two long term monitoring stations within

the City which include a continuous-record stream gage, continuous-record water-quality monitor

(measuring water temperature, specific conductance, and turbidity), and an automatic stream-water

sampler for the collection of stormflow samples. Water quality sampling for nutrients and suspended

solids is conducted during stormflow events to support the calculation of loads. The two sites within

the City are located at a storm drain near Lindsey Dr. and a storm drain at Ludlow Dr. The link to the

USGA website to view specific information about the program is:

http://va.water.usgs.gov/HRstormwater/index.html.


• The annual report due October 1, 2017 shall include the list of sites to be monitored during

the term of the state permit and monitoring protocols.

Monitoring protocols are included as part of the HRPDC Annual Report supplied to the City and are

attached in Appendix D.

Table 3-1. List of In System/Wet Weather Monitoring Locations

Monitoring Site ID Location

0204295063 Storm Drain at Lindsey Drive

0204306533 Storm Drain at Ludlow Drive

• Each annual report shall include a summary of the monitoring results and analyses and an

interpretation of that data.

The HRPDC Annual Report included a broad analysis of data gathered from the 12 sites which

included annual precipitation and discharge and water temperature in five minute intervals. The

analysis for nutrient loading was reported out as aggregate values based on the land types

associated with each station. More detailed monitoring results for the sampling at the individual

stations within the City are available on the USGS National Water Interface System site and can be

accessed through this web link: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/inventory. The data from the City’s

sites can be accessed by searching the database using the monitoring site ID provided in Table 3-1.

http://va.water.usgs.gov/HRstormwater/index.html

https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/inventory


3-2

3.2 BMP Monitoring


During PY1, the City completed the development of BMP Monitoring Protocols to characterize the

quality of stormwater discharged to its MS4 and evaluate the performance of selected BMPs. The

sampling sites are the Bow Creek Recreation Center wet pond, College Park Elementary School

underground detention/infiltration facility, and Old Donation Center School underground

detention/infiltration facility. Each of these sites has been constructed and accepted into the City

system. The City was granted a minor permit modification on August 11, 2017 to update the BMP

sites identified in the permit. Sampling at the BMP sites identified in the City’s MS4 Program Plan will

begin in PY2.


• No later than twelve (12) months after the effective date of this state permit, the permittee

shall submit to the Department the location of site to be monitored, the methodology and the

monitoring protocols. The monitoring protocols shall be incorporated into the MS4 Program

Plan.

Table 3-2 includes the locations where BMP monitoring will be conducted. The methodology and the

monitoring protocols are included in the MS4 Program Plan.

Table 3-2. List of BMP Locations for Monitoring

Monitoring Site Location and Description

College Park Elementary School

College Park Elementary School is located in the western portion of Virginia

Beach within the Elizabeth River Watershed. This site has an underground

detention facility, which was installed in 2011

Bow Creek Recreation Center Bow Creek Recreation Center is located in the Lynnhaven River Watershed of

Virginia Beach and has a large wet pond which was constructed in 2015

Old Donation Center School

Old Donation Center and Kemps Landing Magnet School is located in the

Lynnhaven River Watershed and has an underground detention facility, which

was installed in 2016

3.3 Structural and Source Controls Compliance Monitoring and

Tracking


The City maintains a GIS database of SWMFs and a work management system that records

inspections of all SWMFs and maintenance of public SWMFs. Each asset is added to the system at

the time of acceptance by City staff. Additionally, the City has completed efforts to document

addresses, treatments areas, Hydrologic Unit Code 6 (HUC6), and impaired watershed segments of

each SWMF within the City and the dataset is currently contained in an Excel file. This data is

maintained in the City’s GIS dataset and new information for future SWMFs are incorporated as they

are accepted by the City.


3-3

The total SWMFs as of June 30, 2017 are 3,145 with 717 public SWMFs and 2,428 private SWMFs.

Parameters required in permit Section I.C.3. are included in the database. Facilities that solely

provide peak flow control are not included in the database per Permit Section I.C.b.3.


• Each annual report shall include a copy of the updated database in electronic format.

An electronic copy of the SWMF database has been submitted along with this annual report in

Microsoft Excel format.

• Each annual report shall include a summary of actions taken by the permittee to ensure

maintenance of private stormwater management facilities.

During PY1, the City developed a five-year schedule to complete inspections of private SWMFs and

developed the SWMF Inspection and Maintenance Manual. The City conducted inspections at private

SWMFs with DEQ certified inspectors. Inspectors issue notices to comply when a SWMF is deemed to

need maintenance or repair. If the owner has not made the necessary repairs or communicated to

the City a proposed schedule to complete repairs by the date of the follow up investigation 30 days

later, then a notice of violation is issued. The owner is given 30 days to comply. If the owner is still

not in compliance, then enforcement actions are considered which may include legal action. The City

tracks inspections with the work management system.

For single family residential SWMFs, the City developed a strategy document that includes targeted

education and training programs to increase awareness and participation for property owners.

Please refer to the Summary of Implementation for Stormwater Infrastructure Management in

Section 2.9 of this document for additional information.

• Each annual report shall include a summary of the program to ensure maintenance of

stormwater management facilities maintained by the permittee.

City owned or operated SMWFs are scheduled to be inspected annually. During PY1, the City

conducted inspections of 853 municipal SWMFs by DEQ certified inspectors. During the inspection,

the condition of the SWMF was assessed. An additional work order was opened for SWMFs in need

of immediate maintenance or repairs as documented in the field by a non-compliance rating. During

PY1, maintenance was performed on 69 City owned or operated SWMFs. The City confirms

completion of the maintenance need by close out of the work order within the work management

system. Additional documentation of both inspections and maintenance are retained in the work

management system.

Please refer to the Summary of Implementation for Stormwater Infrastructure Management in

Section 2.9 of this document for additional information.


4-1

Section 4

TMDL Action Plan and

Implementation

This section includes a summary of implementation for Permit Section I.D. as required in Part I.E of

the MS4 Permit. There are no PY1 specific reporting requirements for permit items in this section.

4.1 Chesapeake Bay Special Condition

The City is currently developing the Chesapeake Bay TMDL Action Plan and will submit the document

in accordance with the schedule defined in the permit. The City has made progress on projects and

programs to be utilized for Chesapeake Bay TMDL credit. During PY1, the City received SLAF grant

funding for the Chatham Hall Lake Water Quality Improvement Project and has initiated a City-wide

street sweeping program. Previously, in FY16, the City received funding for the Kemps Lake Water

Quality Retrofit Project. In addition to the implementation of the Chesapeake Bay TMDL Action Plan,

the City is implementing permit requirements pursuant to Section I.D.1.c.2. of the permit, which

includes:

• The Turf and Nutrient Management Plan described in Section 2.5 of this document

• Construction site runoff controls described in Section 2.2 of this document

• Means and methods to address discharges from new sources described in Section 2.2 of

this document

4.2 TMDL Plans Other Than the Chesapeake Bay TMDL

The City is currently developing a Bacteria TMDL Action Plan and Phosphorus TMDL Action Plan to

address TMDLs other than the Chesapeake Bay and will submit the documents in accordance with

the schedule defined in the permit.


5-1

Section 5

MS4 Program and Plan

Requirements

This section includes specific reporting requirements for Permit Section I.A. as required in Part I.E of

the MS4 Permit.

5.1 Permittee Responsibilities


• Each annual report shall include a current list of roles and responsibilities.

The current roles and responsibilities by department are included in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1. Roles and Responsibilities

Department/Division Abbreviation Responsibilities Permit Section

Public Works

Public Works/Engineering

Public Works/Surface

Water Regulatory

Compliance

PW/SWRC

Evaluate non-stormwater authorized

discharges for permit compliance I.A.1.

Implement the MS4 Program Plan (MS4PP),

coordinate with other departments and

divisions to define roles and responsibilities,

and coordinate with DEQ during any cases of

non-compliance

I.A.2.

Review and recommend changes to

ordinances to ensure permit compliance I.A.3.

Ensure permit fees are paid I.A.5.

Maintain, implement, and enforce the

MS4PP. Document any additions, changes,

or modifications. Post MS4PP to website.

I.A.6.

Review MS4PP annually and update as

needed I.A.7.

Develop and implement stormwater projects.

Provide summary of projects and status

updates to website.

I.B.1.

Implement stormwater management and

erosion control programs in accordance with

the regulations and provide reporting

I.B.2.a.


5-2




Water Regulatory

Compliance

PW/SWRC

Develop and implement stormwater retrofit

projects on prior developed lands I.B.2.b.

Document miles of roadway treated vs

untreated I.B.2.c.1.

Develop protocols for the maintenance of

roads, streets, and parking lots I.B.2.c.2.

Identify lands that require turf and nutrient

management plans, oversee development of

the plans, and track completion of plan

development.

I.B.2.d

Document City ordinances related to

pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer that are

more restrictive than state regulation

I.B.2.d.3.

Document any Integrated pest management

plans developed within the City I.B.2.d.4.

Implement a program that prohibits non-

permitted discharges to the MS4 I.B.2.e.

Document any changes to allowable

discharges I.B.2.e.1.

Develop and implement a floatables program I.B.2.e.3.

Oversee a program to locate illicit discharges

and implement a dry weather screening

program. Eliminate identified illicit

discharges.

I.B.2.e.5.

I.B.2.e.6.

Implement an industrial and high risk runoff

inspection program I.B.2.g.

Oversee inspection and maintenance

programs and ensure maintenance of private

SWMFs

I.B.2.h.2.

Develop and implement a strategy to

promote the long-term maintenance of SWM

facilities that treat runoff solely from the

individual residential lot

I.B.2.h.2.a.1.

Oversee completion of mapping of the

stormwater system I.B.2.h.3-8

Oversee implementation of good

housekeeping procedures I.B.2.i.1.

Coordinate with city and school facilities to

install storm drain markers I.B.2.i.1.e.


5-3




Water Regulatory

Compliance

PW/SWRC

Identify non-VPDES municipal facilities,

identify which facilities are high priority,

develop SWPPPs, and oversee

implementation of the SWPPPs at each

facility

I.B.i.2.

Implement a public education program with

City departments, Schools, HRPDC, and non-

governmental organizations

I.B.2.j.1.

Ensure that annual reports, the permit, and

the MS4 Program Plan are on the City

website

I.B.2.j.2-4

Implement a training program to provide

training for Illicit Discharge and Good

Housekeeping

I.B.2.k.

Ensure that appropriate personnel have E&S

and SWM training and certifications I.B.2.k.5 and 6

Implement dry weather screening program I.B.2.l.

Coordinate with VDOT annually on the MS4

program I.B.2.m.

Implement in system/wet weather

monitoring program with HRPDC, USGS, and

HRSD

I.C.1.

Implement BMP monitoring program I.C.2.

Oversee SWMF database and tracking

activities I.C.3.

Develop and implement the Chesapeake Bay

Action Plan including submittal of data

required annually

I.D.1.

Develop and implement other local action

plans for TMDLs and submit required data

annually

I.D.2.

Submit MS4 annual reports I.E.

Public Works/Engineering

Support Services PW/ESS

Coordinate post construction stormwater

conveyance infrastructure and SWMF

inspections with PW/IESR for acceptance

into system. Provide stormwater

infrastructure record drawings of the

conveyance system and as-builts of SWMFs.

I.B.2.h


and SWM training and certifications I.B.2.k.5. - 6


5-4



Public Works/ Project

Management PW/PM

Provide stormwater infrastructure record

drawings of the conveyance system and as-

builts of SWMFs

I.B.2.h

Ensure that appropriate personnel have

Erosion and Sediment (E&S) and SWM

training and certifications

I.B.2.k.5 and 6

Public Works/

Transportation Program and

Project Management

PW/TPPM

Provide stormwater infrastructure record

drawings of the conveyance system and as-

builts of SWMFs

I.B.2.h



Public Works Operations

Public Works/Operations

and Maintenance PW/OM



the regulations

I.B.2.a.

Maintain roadways according to written

protocols to minimize pollutant discharge I.B.2.c.

Implement a program to maintain the public

stormwater infrastructure and to update the

accuracy and inventory of the stormwater

system

I.B.2.h.

Perform necessary routine maintenance and

repairs of publicly owned and/or maintained

SWMFs

I.B.2.h.1.a-c

Perform inspections of 15% of the

stormwater infrastructure system annually,

perform identified maintenance, and obtain

any permits required for maintenance work

I.B.2.h.1.d - f



Maintain and update the database of SWMFs I.C.3.

Public Works/Mosquito

Control PW/MC

Implement the mosquito control program

using good housekeeping measures in the

application, storage, transport and disposal

of pesticides

I.B.2.d.2

Ensure, track and report that appropriate

personnel have pesticide training and

certifications

I.B.2.k.4


5-5



Public Works/Construction

and Engineering PW/CE




I.B.2.a.

Perform identified maintenance and obtain

permits for stormwater infrastructure

maintenance

I.B.2.h.1.d and

f


and SWM training and certifications and

require that contractors who apply herbicides

are trained or certified.

I.B.2.k.4. - 6

Public Works/Inspections

and Environmental Spill

Response

PW/IESR

Investigate potential illicit discharges, and

track and report on investigations and

resolutions

I.B.2.e.5 and 6.

Prevent, contain and respond to non-

emergency spills and provide support to the

Fire Department upon request for Emergency

Spill Response

I.B.2.f.

Perform annual inspections and identify

necessary maintenance of publicly owned

and/or maintained SWMFs

I.B.2.h.1.a and

b

Perform inspections once every five years for

private SWMF and follow up to ensure that

maintenance was performed

I.B.2.h.2.a.2

and 3



Public Works/Technical

Services and Asset

Management

PW/TSAM

Maintain and update roadways database I.B.2.c.1.

Track and report on potential illicit discharge

investigations I.B.2.e.5.

Track and report on spills I.B.2.f.

Maintain and update the stormwater

infrastructure system, SWMF, and MS4

outfall databases

I.B.2.h

Track and report total infrastructure asset

counts and inspections and maintenance of

the stormwater system

I.B.2.h.1.

Maintain and update database of SWMFs for

all public and private facilities I.C.3.


5-6



Public Works/Infrastructure

Maintenance Contracts PW/IMC







I.B.2.h



Public Works/Street

Maintenance PW/SM

Maintain roadways according to written

protocols to minimize pollutant discharge I.B.2.c

Store deicing materials indoors or under

cover I.B.2.c.3 and 4

Public Works Facilities

Public Works/Building

Maintenance Management

and Support

PW/BMMS

Maintain municipal parking lots according to

written protocols to minimize pollutant

discharge

I.B.2.c



Implement the municipal facility pest control

program using good housekeeping measures

in the application, storage, transport and

disposal of pesticides

I.B.2.d.2



certifications

I.B.2.k.4.

Public Works Waste Management

Public Works/Waste

Management Recycling PW/WMR

Prohibit dumping of hazardous waste, refuse

and debris. Implement programs to collect

vehicle fluids and hazardous waste

I.B.2.e.4.

Promote clean-up activities and disposal of

vehicle fluids and household hazardous

waste. Promote and publicize proper disposal

of household yard wastes. Promote the use of

the litter prevention program.

I.B.2.j.1.b, d, e,

f

Public Works Fleet Management

Public Works/ Fleet

Management PW/FM

Operate the Fleet Maintenance Facility in

accordance with good housekeeping

procedures and implement and maintain the

SWPPP

I.B.2.i.


5-7



Public Works Directors Office

Public Works/ Business

Center PW/BC

Maintain stormwater program budget in the

City's annual Operating Budget Plan I.A.4.

Planning and Community Development

Planning and Community

Development/Development

Services Center

PL/DSC

Implement a stormwater management and



I.B.2.a.

Provide stormwater infrastructure as-built

drawings of the conveyance system and

SWMFs

I.B.2.h



Planning and Community

Development/Building

Permits and Inspections

PL/PI




I.B.2.a.




into system and provide single family

residential SWMF asset data

I.B.2.h



Fire Department

Fire Department / Fire

Marshals FIRE/FM Report potential illicit discharges to PW/OM I.B.2.f.

Fire Department/Fire

Operations

FIRE/OP

Prevent, contain and respond to emergency

spills I.B.2.f.

Ensure appropriate personnel have spill

response training and report on the training

program

I.B.2.k.8.


5-8



Public Utilities

Public Utilities/Engineering PU/ENG




I.B.2.a.

Implement a sanitary sewer inspection

program I.B.2.e.2.

Prohibit dumping of sanitary sewage I.B.2.e.4.

Track and report spills of sanitary sewage I.B.2.f.







I.B.2.h

Inspect and conduct maintenance of the

stormwater infrastructure system and

SWMFs for Public Utilities facilities

I.B.2.h.1.a-c


and SWM training and certifications I.B.2.k.5.-6

Parks and Recreation

Parks and

Recreation/Landscape

Management

PR/LM

Maintain municipal and school parking lots

according to written protocols to minimize

pollutant discharge

I.B.2.c



Develop and implement turf and landscape

nutrient management plans I.B.2.d.1.

Implement pesticide, herbicide, fertilizer

program using good housekeeping measures

in the application, storage, transport and

disposal of pesticides

I.B.2.d.2

Conduct maintenance of SWMF on Schools,

Parks, and Recreation Center properties

I.B.2.h.1.a and

c

Perform the identified maintenance of the

stormwater infrastructure system at Schools

and Parks facilities

I.B.2.h.1.d



certifications

I.B.2.k.4.


5-9



Parks and Recreation /

Programming and

Operations

PR/PO

Public outreach and education - Implement

Adopt-a-Program, student education

projects, pet waste stations, and volunteer

planting and cleanup project efforts

I.B.2.j.1.b,e

Schools

Schools / Facility

Operations Schools/FO

Perform inspections of 15% of the schools

stormwater infrastructure system annually,

perform identified maintenance, and obtain

any permits required for maintenance work

I.B.2.h.1.d - f

City Attorney’s Office

City Attorney CA

Maintain ordinances to control discharge

to/from the MS4 I.A.3.

Support the enforcement of ordinances to

prohibit dumping and to eliminate illicit

discharges

I.B.2.e.4. - 6

Support the enforcement of maintenance

agreements for private SWMFs I.B.2.h.2.a.2.

In addition to the programs implemented by City departments, the City also maintains an agreement

with the HRPDC to implement portions of the MS4 permit. These programs pertain to the outreach

elements in Section I.B.2.j.1.e-f. The HRPDC also coordinates the regional in-system monitoring

program in Section I.C.1.

• Each annual report shall include a list of those circumstances of non-compliance outside of

the permittee’s control.

The City did not have any incidences of non-compliance during FY2017.

5.2 MS4 Program Resources


• A copy of the fiscal year’s budget including its proposed capital and operation and

maintenance expenditures necessary to accomplish the activities required by this state

permit shall be submitted with each annual report.

A Trial Balance Appropriation Object Account which represents the budget devoted to the FY 2016-

2017 Storm Water Management Program through the Department of Public Works is $39,859,683.

A copy of the City’s FY2016-2017 operating budget is available at

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/budget-office-management-services/budget-

archives/Documents/fy17-adopted-budget/fy17-adopted-operating-budget.pdf.

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/budget-office-management-services/budget-archives/Documents/fy17-adopted-budget/fy17-adopted-operating-budget.pdf

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/budget-office-management-services/budget-archives/Documents/fy17-adopted-budget/fy17-adopted-operating-budget.pdf


5-10

5.3 MS4 Program Plan


• Utilizing the last annual report prior to this state permit effective date as a baseline, no later

than 12 months after the permit effective date, the permittee shall submit to the Department

for review and approval an updated MS4 Program Plan to describe implementation of this

MS4 Program and meet the conditions described in this section.

The MS4 Program Plan was submitted to DEQ on June 30, 2017 and was approved on August 22,

2017.

5.4 MS4 Program Review and Updates


• All modifications and proposed modifications shall be reported in accordance with this

section of the permit.

There have been no modifications to the MS4 Program Plan in FY17.

MS4 Permit Annual Report (Permit No. VA0088676) – FY2017

A-1

Appendix A: Floatables Reduction Program Plan

F I N A L

Virginia Beach Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Floatables Reduction Program Plan

Prepared for

Public Works Engineering Surface Water Regulatory Compliance Division

August 2017

Prepared by:

CH2M HILL, Inc. 5701 Cleveland Street, Suite 200 Virginia Beach, Virginia

SL0626171331VBO iii

Contents 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1-1

2 Floatables Reduction Requirements .......................................................................... 2-1 2.1 MS4 Permit .......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Water Quality Standards ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Floatables Reduction Case Studies ...................................................................... 2-2

3 Program Implementation Strategies ......................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Existing Litter Prevention Programs .................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 AskHRgreen.org ....................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 City of Virginia Beach ............................................................................... 3-2 3.1.3 Volunteer Litter Cleanups ........................................................................ 3-3 3.1.4 Code of the City of Virginia Beach ........................................................... 3-3

3.2 Additional Program Strategies ............................................................................. 3-5 3.2.1 Program Integration and Optimization.................................................... 3-5 3.2.2 Targeted Prevention Outreach and Operations ...................................... 3-5 3.2.3 MS4 Design and Operations Evaluations ................................................. 3-5

3.3 Public Outreach .................................................................................................... 3-6

4 Program Evaluation and Adjustments ....................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Monitoring Program Effectiveness ...................................................................... 4-1

4.1.1 Floatables Monitoring Program Objectives ............................................. 4-1 4.1.2 Survey Locations ...................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.3 Survey Frequency and Procedures .......................................................... 4-2 4.1.4 Pilot Monitoring Survey ........................................................................... 4-2

4.2 Program Evaluation .............................................................................................. 4-2 4.2.1 Monitoring Report Retention and Storage .............................................. 4-2 4.2.2 Evaluating Program Effectiveness ............................................................ 4-5 4.2.3 Annual Reporting ..................................................................................... 4-5

4.3 Process for Program Adjustments ....................................................................... 4-5

5 Implementation Schedule ......................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Monitoring Schedule ............................................................................................ 5-1 5.2 Annual Evaluation and Reporting Schedule ........................................................ 5-1

6 References ................................................................................................................ 6-1

Appendices

A Case Studies B Monitoring Program

Figure

1 Index Map

SL0626171331VBO 1-1

SECTION 1

Introduction The City of Virginia Beach (City) is required by its Virginia Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) permit to develop and implement a Floatables Reduction Program (Program). The City must describe its procedures to reduce floatables and to measure the effectiveness of the Program in its MS4 annual report due to Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) by October 1, 2017.

The purpose of the Program is to reduce the discharge of floatables from the City’s stormwater system. Floatables are typically trash and other items that are most noticeable on surface waters and on lands adjacent to surface waters (adjacent lands). Floatables can injure aquatic life, create nuisance conditions and aesthetic impairments, and create physical impairments to recreational use of surface waters. The objective of the Program is to determine if floatables are noticeably present on surface waters and adjacent lands; and, if present, characterize the observed floatables and implement cost-effective strategies to reduce MS4 floatables discharges.

The approach of the Floatables Reduction Program is to monitor several sites downstream of MS4 outfalls and characterize the discharge of floatables, if any, from the MS4 system. The Program also seeks to coordinate the City’s existing trash and litter prevention and control activities to help reduce the amount of floatables. The monitoring effort will yield information on the types and amounts of floatables discharged and the data will be evaluated to determine if further actions are needed to improve MS4 floatables control methods used by the City.

This document describes the City’s MS4 permit requirements, case studies of similar floatables reduction programs, the strategies of the City’s Floatables Reduction Program, the method by which the City will evaluate program effectiveness and make adjustments, and the Program’s implementation schedule.

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SECTION 2

Floatables Reduction Requirements The City’s Floatables Reduction Program satisfies the MS4 permit requirements and will help to reduce the discharge of floatables. The following section describes the MS4 permit floatables reduction requirements and the relative water quality standards the Program is intended to serve.

2.1 MS4 Permit The MS4 Permit Requirement Part I.B.2.e)3) under Illicit Discharges and Improper Disposal, effective July 1, 2016, states: “The permittee shall develop and implement a program to reduce the discharge of floatables (e.g. litter and other human-generated solid refuse).”

The relative reporting requirements in the MS4 permit are as follows:

• The annual report, due October 1, 2017, shall include a description of the procedures the permittee will implement to reduce floatables as required by Part I.B.2.e)3), including procedures to determine the floatables reduction program effectiveness.

• Each annual report after program development shall include a list of sites surveyed for floatables, a summary of observations at each site, and a determination as to the effectiveness of the floatables reduction program.

The MS4 permit Illicit Discharges and Improper Disposal section requires the City to develop a program to reduce floatables discharged from its MS4 system, monitor floatables at sites via surveys, and evaluate the effectiveness of their Floatables Reduction Program.

2.2 Water Quality Standards DEQ is responsible for carrying out the mandates of the State Water Control Law, as well as meeting Virginia's federal obligations under the Clean Water Act. DEQ administers state laws and regulations to improve and protect Virginia's streams, rivers, bays, wetlands and groundwater for aquatic life, human health and other beneficial water uses.1 DEQ extensively tests Virginia's rivers, lakes and tidal waters for pollutants. More than 130 pollutants are monitored annually to determine whether the waters can be used for swimming, fishing, and drinking. Waters that do not meet standards are reported to the citizens of Virginia and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the Final 2014 305(b)/303(d) Water Quality Assessment Integrated Report (Integrated Report) (DEQ, 2016). The impaired waters list individually describes segments of streams, lakes, and estuaries that exhibit violations of water quality standards. The report details the pollutant responsible for the violations, and the suspected cause and source of the pollutant.2 Assessment data are compared to both numeric and narrative criteria established for Virginia’s designated uses and promulgated in its water quality standards in the Virginia Administrative Code (9VAC 25-260).

1 Source: DEQ, http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water.aspx, last accessed June 21, 2017.

2 Source: DEQ, http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/WaterQualityInformationTMDLs.aspx, last accessed June 21, 2017.

http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water.aspx

http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/WaterQualityInformationTMDLs.aspx

SECTION 2—FLOATABLES REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS

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Virginia’s narrative water quality standards require that “all state waters shall be free from substances attributable to sewage, industrial waste, or other waste in concentrations, amounts, or combinations which contravene established standards or interfere directly or indirectly with designated uses of such water or which are inimical or harmful to human, animal, plant, or aquatic life." In particular, “specific substances to be controlled include, but are not limited to: floating debris, oil, scum, and other floating materials; ….” (9VAC 25-260-20).

DEQ released the latest Integrated Report on June 13, 2016. There are no surface waters listed as impaired by floating debris or other floating materials in this report.

2.3 Floatables Reduction Case Studies Other localities in Virginia have floatables reduction programs to fulfill the requirements of their MS4 permit and several case studies of other localities’ floatables reduction programs are summarized in this section. The localities are conducting monitoring and reporting, continuing existing reduction strategies, and performing public outreach. Detailed descriptions of each case study are provided in Appendix A.

Fairfax County, Virginia

Fairfax County has contracted with The Clean Fairfax Counsel to conduct their Floatables Reduction Program. Clean Fairfax conducts quarterly monitoring at five selected sites and has assisted in developing and performing public outreach for the Program. Monitoring sites are located based on areas regulated under Fairfax County’s MS4 permit, representative land use, stream segments in the county’s hydrography, and where they have maintenance and repair easements. Fairfax’s program plan outlines four major field protocols for health and safety, sampling methods, sampling frequency, and rainfall criteria. As an initial floatables control strategy, Fairfax County plans to create informative signage for convenience stores within the County. The County has identified convenience stores as a major contributor to floatable trash in their waterways and will perform targeted outreach at these businesses.

Arlington County, Virginia

Arlington County is conducting floatables surveys to document the effectiveness of its litter control programs for the MS4. Arlingtonians for a Clean Environment (ACE) is contracted to perform floatables monitoring at three locations during year-round stream cleanup programs. The County does not appear to be implementing any additional control strategies other than stream cleanups at this time.

City of Hampton, Virginia

The City of Hampton is performing limited floatables monitoring and analysis at specific sites, evaluating effectiveness, augmenting existing watershed control systems, such as street sweeping and catch basin cleaning, conducting a public outreach program, and continuing stream cleanups. Public education and outreach via a brochure is focused on street litter prevention to reduce floatables generation through behavioral control. Depending on program trends, additional control measures will be implemented, such as enhanced catch basin controls, and a comprehensive floatables control technology evaluation will be performed.

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SECTION 3

Program Implementation Strategies The City has several litter prevention programs and partnering arrangements, maintenance activities, and local ordinances that act as source controls to prevent floatables from entering the City’s MS4. The City has identified and evaluated relative Floatables Reduction Programs in other localities to determine if additional strategies may improve the effectiveness of its existing program. Public outreach for the Floatables Reduction Program will be included in the City’s MS4 Program Public Outreach Plan.

3.1 Existing Litter Prevention Programs Litter prevention programs are being conducted by the City and other agencies and organizations to raise awareness, and monitor and clean shorelines of floatables. The following sections describe the existing activities that help to reduce floatables discharged from the City’s MS4.

3.1.1 AskHRgreen.org The City participates in askHRgreen.org, which is a public awareness program administered through the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission for the seventeen cities and counties of Hampton Roads. The program encourages environmental stewardship among all residents in southeastern Virginia.

Keep America Beautiful’s Great American Cleanup

AskHRgreen.org promotes the Keep America Beautiful Great American Cleanup initiative by hosting events throughout the region. In 2017, the City is hosting a series of “Clean Your Block Party” events to encourage local volunteers to participate in their local neighborhoods. Information is available on askHRgreen.org’s website (http://askHRgreen.org), organized by municipality.

Cigarette Litter Prevention Program

In fiscal years (FY) 2014 to 2015, askHRgreen.org’s Recycling and Beautification Subcommittee was awarded a grant from Keep American Beautiful to implement their cigarette litter prevention program. The purpose of the Cigarette Litter Prevention Program was to increase awareness of cigarette butts as litter and to measure effectiveness by pre- and post-testing. In 2017, the askHRgreen.org Cigarette Litter Prevention Program was awarded a $2,000 grant by Keep Virginia Beautiful3.

3 Source: http://www.hrpdcva.gov/news/article/june/06/2017/askhrgreen.org-wins-keep-virginia-beautiful-grant-for-cigarette-litter-prevention-project/. Last accessed August 3, 2017.

http://askhrgreen.org/cigarette-litter/

http://www.hrpdcva.gov/news/article/june/06/2017/askhrgreen.org-wins-keep-virginia-beautiful-grant-for-cigarette-litter-prevention-project/

http://www.hrpdcva.gov/news/article/june/06/2017/askhrgreen.org-wins-keep-virginia-beautiful-grant-for-cigarette-litter-prevention-project/

SECTION 3—PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES

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3.1.2 City of Virginia Beach Department of Public Works (DPW)

Storm Drain Marker Program

The Storm Drain Marker Program was implemented to help increase public awareness of the environmental effects of dumping in storm drains and their contribution to water pollution in the Chesapeake Bay, Back Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean. The program uses volunteers to place drain markers on storm drains (catch basins). The 4-inch markers that the program is currently using are provided by the City and are watershed-specific. This program helps reduce floatable litter by educating the public about the direct link between storm drains and surface waters.

Street Sweeping

The City sweeps all public streets six times per year on a bi-monthly basis using regenerative air sweepers. At the Oceanfront Resort Area, street sweeping occurs daily from 42nd Street to the 1st Street Jetty on Atlantic and Pacific Avenues and the cross streets in between, from Memorial Day to Labor Day weekend. Outside of this timeframe, street sweeping occurs weekly and as needed for special events at these locations. Sweeping public roads on a regular basis reduces trash that tends to accumulate in road gutters.

E-cycling

The City participates in two annual electronics recycling events sponsored by the Virginia Aquarium and Marine Science Center. The City contracts with a company to collect household hazardous waste at these events.

Department of Parks and Recreation

Clean the Bay Day

Clean the Bay Day is a 3-hour annual event held on the first Saturday in June with cleanup efforts taking place throughout the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. The Virginia Beach event is co-sponsored by the City and the Virginia Beach Clean Community Commission (VBCCC) in conjunction with the Chesapeake Bay Foundation. During the event, volunteers pick up harmful litter and debris from the shores of the Chesapeake Bay and at public areas throughout the City.

Annual Earth Day Celebration

An Earth Day Celebration takes place annually at Mount Trashmore Park. The event is presented by both Virginia Beach Parks and Recreation and the VBCCC. The event hosts various exhibits, displays, and activities that explore effective and convenient ways to green lifestyles. The event also includes electronics recycling, document shredding, car battery round-up, child safety seat recycling, household hazardous waste disposal, and metals recycling.

Adopt-A-Program

The Adopt-A-Program is a Department of Parks and Recreation program that encourages environmental responsibility through scheduled litter pickups. Individuals, families, groups, businesses, and organizations are encouraged to adopt a section of the City for a 2-year period with a minimum of six cleanups per year. Various volunteer programs include:

• Highway: 2-mile section of arterial roadway, to include both sides


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• Park: most City and neighborhood parks are eligible for adoption • Spot: any public area that needs attention • Street: a 1-mile residential street section including both sides • Trail: a 1-mile section including 5 to 10 feet on both sides • Waterway: at least 1/2-mile section of a local waterway • Landscape maintenance: minimum of 300 square feet with a submitted landscape plan

Virginia Beach Clean Community Commission

VBCCC is a City Council-appointed group formed in 1980, to promote litter prevention, recycling, beautification, and general environmental awareness through educational projects. Virginia Beach Clean Community Volunteers, Inc. is the nonprofit group that supports VBCCC's activities. In Virginia Beach, presentations and educational resources are provided to school clubs, community organizations, and businesses on litter prevention and awareness. The Clean Community Commission and the Waste Management Division work together to provide volunteer opportunities for Virginia Beach residents. Information about the VBCCC organization and their programs are provided on their website (https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/pw-waste-management/Pages/vbccc.aspx).

3.1.3 Volunteer Litter Cleanups Non-governmental organizations, such as Lynnhaven River Now and the Elizabeth River Project, periodically sponsor volunteer litter cleanups along the City’s waterways. Some of the volunteer cleanups are coordinated with the Department of Parks and Recreation.

3.1.4 Code of the City of Virginia Beach Several City codes and ordinances are intended to reduce litter or have secondary benefits that reduce floatables discharged by the City’s MS4. City codes and ordinances are available at: https://library.municode.com/va/virginia_beach/codes/code_of_ordinances

Chapter 31 – Solid Waste

Chapter 31 has provisions with individual codes that require landowners to keep their properties and abutting streets and sidewalks free of litter, make it unlawful for a person to litter, and require construction materials to be stored or disposed of in a way that prevents accumulation of debris, among others. These provisions are mentioned in the following sections:

• Section 31-10 - Unlawful storage and deposits generally; littering. Section is summarized as follows:

– Unlawful to scatter building and construction materials, hazardous waste or refuse about or litter any public or private street, area, or place.

– Unlawful to cast, throw, place, sweep, or deposit anywhere within the City any building and construction materials, hazardous waste or refuse in such a manner that it may be carried or deposited by the elements upon any street, sidewalk, alley, sewer, parkway, or other public place or into any occupied or unoccupied premises within the City.

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/pw-waste-management/Pages/vbccc.aspx

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/pw-waste-management/Pages/vbccc.aspx

https://library.municode.com/va/virginia_beach/codes/code_of_ordinances


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– Unlawful to throw or deposit any hazardous waste, refuse, or debris in any stream or body of water.

– The driver of any vehicle shall be responsible for assuring that no litter, hazardous waste, refuse, or building and construction materials are thrown from the vehicle or occurs through the lack of proper covering.

• Section 31-12 – Property to be kept free of litter. Section summarized as follows:

– All owners or occupants shall maintain the real property owned or occupied by them in a clean and litter-free condition.

• Section 31-48 – Inspection of containers and vehicles.

– All containers and vehicles owned or operated by private refuse collectors shall be subject to inspection by police officers, assistant fire marshals, and inspectors assigned to the Department of Housing and Neighborhood Preservation, to ensure safety compliance and to ensure that proper lids or covers are provided to prevent litter problems.

Chapter 33 – Streets and Sidewalks

Chapter 33 outlines the general authority of the City, relative to streets and sidewalks as it pertains to overall city planning. The codes that relate to litter prevention and floatables reduction are as follows:

• Section 33-13 – Duty of property owners and occupants to keep abutting streets and sidewalks free of litter.

– All owners or occupants of real property shall maintain the sidewalks and curbs and the right-of-way up to the edge of the pavement of any public street abutting such property and one-half of abutting alleys in a clean and litter-free condition. All owners or occupants of real property adjacent to a sound wall or similar noise attenuation structure shall maintain the area between the property line and the sound wall or similar noise attenuation structure in a clean and litter-free condition.

Appendix D – Stormwater Management

The purpose of the Virginia Beach Stormwater Management Ordinance is to ensure the general health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of the City and protect the quality and quantity of state waters from the potential harm of unmanaged stormwater, including protection from a land disturbing activity causing unreasonable degradation of properties, water quality, stream channels, and other natural resources, and to establish procedures whereby stormwater requirements related to water quality and quantity shall be administered and enforced.

Appendix H - Storm Sewer System Discharge

The Virginia Beach Storm Sewer System Discharge Ordinance was adopted as part of the City’s stormwater management program, to prevent certain non-stormwater discharges to, and improper disposal of substances in, the storm sewers system, to reduce to the maximum extent practicable, pollutants that may be present in discharges from the storm sewer system.


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3.2 Additional Program Strategies Potential additional floatables reduction program strategies to enhance the City’s existing efforts or new strategies to help meet the City’s MS4 permit requirements are described in the following sections.

3.2.1 Program Integration and Optimization Section 3.1 describes the existing litter prevention programs, partnering arrangements, maintenance, and other activities that provide MS4 floatables source controls throughout the City. Many of these programs and activities are being conducted and optimized based on the information they are collecting. The City will compile information on and track the existing trash and litter prevention and control activities. Data collected by these activities will be compiled and evaluated periodically to identify problematic MS4 floatables sources and coordinate public and private activities to address those issues and prevent floatables from entering the City’s MS4. Improved coordination between agencies and organizations and integration of the data they collect will optimize their effectiveness and the overall effectiveness of the City’s MS4 Floatables Reduction Program.

Optimization of the Program may include redirecting street sweeping activities, catch basin cleaning, and best management practice (BMP) maintenance activities to areas with problematic litter conditions while also coordinating with other agencies for increased trash receptacle distribution and maintenance. Targeted signage, coordinated law enforcement, and other prevention and control activities may be employed to eliminate illegal dumping that results in increased MS4 floatables discharges.

3.2.2 Targeted Prevention Outreach and Operations Information and data compiled from program integration and floatables monitoring (see Section 4) will be reviewed to determine if MS4 floatables discharges are resulting from defects in or failures of specific non-governmental litter control activities. The City may coordinate with specific commercial, industrial, recreational, or other business owners and other potentially responsible parties to increase their awareness and coordinate enhanced litter control to prevent trash and other floatables from entering the City’s MS4. This effort may require City Code enforcement if persistent problems are not addressed. Targeted operations may include distributing additional trash receptacles, enhancing parking lot cleaning, enhancing catch basin controls, and installing signage.

3.2.3 MS4 Design and Operations Evaluations If the data from the floatables monitoring program described in Section 4 indicates that MS4 floatables discharges are caused by design or operational deficiencies and/or failures, the City may review its MS4 design criteria and operations to determine if improvements can feasibly be made to reduce MS4 floatables discharges. This evaluation may include a review of catch basin designs to determine if improvements can be made to either keep floatables out of the system or trap them in catch basins and prevent them from entering conveyance systems and being discharged. Stormwater management facility designs may be improved to optimize floatables control. Operational improvements, such as stormwater management facility maintenance, the frequency of catch basin cleaning and street sweeping, outfall maintenance, and other activities


3-6 SL0626171331VBO

may be reviewed to determine if cost-effective improvements can be made to reduce MS4 floatables discharges.

3.3 Public Outreach The public outreach for the Floatables Reduction Program will be included as a part of the City’s MS4 Program Public Outreach Plan currently under development. The public outreach for floatables reduction should build on the following existing litter prevention activities, which are described in Section 3.1:

• Storm drain medallion • Reporting improper disposal of materials into the City’s storm sewer • Adopt-A-Program • Litter cleanup events

New outreach activities that are proposed in the Virginia Beach Public Outreach Plan and that may help reduce floatables discharges from the City’s MS4 are as follows:

1. Add information about the harmful effects of floatables and describe the City’s Floatables Reduction Program on the DPW website.

The City can update its stormwater website to describe the harmful effects of floatables and provide details about the City’s Floatables Monitoring Program. As data are collected and strategies developed to reduce floatables discharged from the MS4, further Program information can be added to the DPW website.

2. Add illicit discharge and improper disposal reporting information to the DPW website.

The City can update its stormwater website by including a link for reporting illicit discharges and improper disposal of materials that could possibly become floatable trash. The website link can include a phone number or it can open a form for submitting a report. Instructions on how to use the SeeClickFix software application to report an illicit discharge or improper disposal of materials could also be added as another reporting option in the software. Instructions on reporting the issue should suggest taking and submitting photographs to help describe the problem. The website should provide information for the public that describes how to identify an illicit discharge or improper disposal of materials.

3. Create public awareness campaign about plastic use and litter

Virginia Beach could develop educational materials focused on reducing the use of plastic and preventing it from becoming litter. Plastic is typically used once, whether it is plastic cutlery, water bottles, straws, or plastic bags, all of which often become litter. When people are more aware of the threat that plastic poses to human health and aquatic species, it becomes a personal choice to avoid using plastic or opt for reusable materials. The City could develop educational materials for schools, teachers, and businesses willing to participate, such as Whole Foods, Trader Joe’s, and other businesses that already promote reusable materials. Existing videos could be promoted on DPW’s website or students could be encouraged to develop plastic litter reduction videos such as this program for 8th grade students in Brooklyn: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4o5BDgEyzo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4o5BDgEyzo


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4. Conduct a social media survey and campaign to identify primary polluters

Social media can be a powerful means of gathering information and influencing changes in behavior, particularly through peer pressure. Montgomery County, Maryland has worked with a social marketing consultant to craft a survey that has helped them identify the demographics of the main polluters in three target watersheds where they have high litter levels. They are now embarking on a social media campaign to attempt to change behaviors, and will follow-up with a post-campaign survey to determine if they could affect change. It is recommended that the City consider this type of strategy to identify and target primary polluters in areas where floatables are problematic.

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SECTION 4

Program Evaluation and Adjustments The City is required to determine and report on the effectiveness of its Floatables Reduction Program. Although the MS4 permit does not specifically state that monitoring must be performed, it is required to annually submit a list of sites surveyed for floatables, a summary of observations at each site, and a determination as to the effectiveness of the Floatables Reduction Program. The City is implementing a monitoring program starting in FY 2018 which will include floatables monitoring data analysis and reporting for the annual report. This section describes the Program evaluation process. A detailed description of monitoring program data collection procedures is provided in Appendix B.

4.1 Monitoring Program Effectiveness A Floatables Monitoring Program will be conducted by the City to collect data on floatables discharged by its MS4 and determine the effectiveness of its floatables reduction efforts. The Program objectives, an initial pilot study, and sampling frequency and locations are described in the following sections.

4.1.1 Floatables Monitoring Program Objectives The purpose of the City’s monitoring program is to make quantitative measurements of floatables observed on adjacent lands that were discharged from its MS4. The data gathering objectives of the Program are:

• Monitor floatables quarterly at five survey sites throughout the City’s watersheds on adjacent lands in the proximity of the City’s MS4 outfalls.

• Perform monitoring surveys consistently on specific lengths of the same adjacent lands by counting and categorizing the items observed on the adjacent lands.

• Compile and review data to determine the effectiveness of the Floatables Reduction Program.

4.1.2 Survey Locations The City’s MS4 permit does not specify the number of locations to be surveyed. The City will monitor floatables at five survey sites. The City conducted a site selection process that intially identified 25 potential monitoring locations throughout all areas of the City and these locations were evaluated by applying site selection critieria. The site selection criteria included requirements that the site be located on public property, be easily accessible and possess ample parking, and have proximity to at least one MS4 outfall. Sites were also scored based on desirable features such as diverse representation of City’s watersheds, proximity to the City’s high public use areas, proximity to problematic areas (illegal dumping), proximity to headwaters to minimize external factors, the size of the contributing drainage area, land use characteristics, population density, frequency of floatables observed, avoidance of interstate highways and military installations, safe site features, and the ability to designate a specific length of adjacent land to be monitored consistently. The evaluation process yielded a short list of ten locations that were investigated in the field and further evaluated per the site selection criteria.

SECTION 4—PROGRAM EVALUATION AND ADJUSTMENTS

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The five survey sites that were selected are as follows and shown in Figure 1:

1. Abingdon Village 2. Lake Edward 3. Princess Anne Plaza Townhomes/Lynnhaven Elementary School 4. Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art (East and West) 5. Glenwood Elementary School

Individual site survey maps are provided in Appendix B.

Consistent monitoring at the same locations will provide data for comparison from survey to survey. If no floatables are consistently observed at a survey site, the City will select a new survey site from one of the original 25 locations identified during the site selection process. Any changes to the survey site locations will be reported to DEQ annually with the justification for the change.

4.1.3 Survey Frequency and Procedures The City’s MS4 permit does not specify the frequency of surveys. The City intends to consistently conduct quarterly surveys at these sites for the remainder of the current MS4 permit period.

Initial surveys will be completed by contracted consultants. However, in the future the City may use volunteer groups to complete surveys. Volunteers may be organized by the City or their advocates and will be trained on the procedures for proper survey completion and quality control. The City will remove all floatables from the survey sites following each survey to provide a clean area for the next quarterly survey. If bulk trash pickup is required at a site, it will be coordinated with the DPW Operations Division. Detailed survey procedures are provided in Appendix B.

4.1.4 Pilot Monitoring Survey Before the initialization of quarterly monitoring at five sites, the City will perform a pilot monitoring survey at one site to test the monitoring procedures and, if necessary, adjust the procedures before implementing them at the remaining four monitoring sites.

4.2 Program Evaluation The analysis of this data will enable staff to characterize floatables discharged by its MS4 and provide information to the City to use for its Floatables Reduction Program.

4.2.1 Monitoring Report Retention and Storage Floatables monitoring data will be stored digitally in a centralized location by the City. A quarterly progress report will be drafted following each survey event. The information will be summarized for annual reports before September 30th of each year. The City will retain all data reports for a minimum of 5 years after the permit expiration date.

AS11

AS10

AS17

AS16

AS15

AS20

AS13

AS19

AS12

AO25

AS18AS14

JL54

CB25

CB26

AO23

CB47

Chesapeake

Norfolk

0103

0402

05

Potential Floatables Monitoring Sites Virginia Beach Floatables Reduction Program Plan

±

0 5 102.5 MilesService Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, USGS, Intermap, increment P Corp.,NRCAN, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), Esri (Thailand), MapmyIndia, ©OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community

LegendFloatables Monitoring Site

City of Virginia Beach Boundary

City of Norfolk

City of Chesapeake

6th Order Hydrologic Unit Boundary

Figure 1

01 - Abingdon Village02 - Lake Edward03 - Princess Anne Plaza Towne Homes Lynnhaven Elementary School04 - Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art05 - Glenwood Elementary School

SECTION 4—PROGRAM EVALUATION AND ADJUSTMENTS

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4.2.2 Evaluating Program Effectiveness The effectiveness of the Program will be assessed by determining if trends in the monitoring data exist and indicate that there is a recognizable reduction in the amounts of floatables on adjacent land that can be attributable to the Floatables Reduction Program following its implementation. Normalizing the observations to counts of floatables items per 100 feet of shoreline, or similar, provides a method of comparing counts from one observation to the next and between locations. Categorizing the floatables also enables the City to analyze specific types, sizes, and possible sources of floatables that can then be used to align specific source controls at identified locations and sources. Delineating, characterizing, and quantifying the watersheds draining to the MS4 outfalls also provides an additional parameter to evaluate the counts and categories of floatables as they relate to existing and enhanced operational and infrastructure controls.

The City will review the compiled data to compare it from data collection event to data collection event and from survey site to survey site. The numbers and characteristics of floatables surveyed will be evaluated to determine if trends exist in the data that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the Floatables Reduction Program. The City will also analyze the data to determine if specific sources of floatables can be identified.

4.2.3 Annual Reporting Annual reporting is conducted by the City for each MS4 permit cycle (July 1 – June 30), as part of the City’s Annual MS4 report to DEQ. The City’s annual report will include the list of sites surveyed for floatables, a summary of observations at each site, and a determination of the Floatables Reduction Program effectiveness.

4.3 Process for Program Adjustments The City will use its quarterly reviews and annual reporting to determine if adjustments to its Floatables Reduction Program are necessary. The City will review trends in the data to determine if there are noticeable changes in the amounts and types of floatables discharges. The City will also review the data analyses to determine if they indicate that specific sources of floatables can be identified. It will further evaluate if targeted reduction strategies can feasibly be implemented to address problematic floatables discharges, if any exist. The City’s implementation strategies, described in Section 3, will be evaluated to determine if adjustments need to be made to the strategies. If so, adjustments will be made, which will be reported to DEQ in the next reporting cycle.

SL0626171331VBO 5-1

SECTION 5

Implementation Schedule The following section describes the schedule for the City to implement the Floatables Reduction Program.

5.1 Monitoring Schedule The schedule for Program effectiveness monitoring is as follows:

• November to December 2017 – The City will perform a pilot monitoring survey at a single survey site to evaluate the initial effectiveness of the monitoring protocols and to make adjustments to procedures, as necessary before the first floatables survey in the first quarter of 2018.

• Winter, Spring, Summer and Fall – The City will perform quarterly floatables surveys followed by completion of quarterly monitoring reports 1 month after completion of the surveys.

5.2 Annual Evaluation and Reporting Schedule Annual evaluations and reporting on the Floatables Reduction Program will be conducted to document each MS4 permit year cycle (July 1 to June 30), as part of the City’s Annual MS4 report to DEQ. The annual reporting will include the following:

• Annually – Submit a list of sites surveyed for floatables, a summary of observations at each site, and a determination as to the effectiveness of the Floatables Reduction Program.

• Permit Years Two and Three – For permit years two and three, reports will include monitoring protocols for the Floatables Monitoring Program and data collected using these protocols.

• Permit Years Four and Five – For permit years four and five, reports will include comparisons to previous years monitoring efforts and results. The year five report will also include an overall summary of the Floatables Monitoring Program and recommendations for adjustments to the Program, as necessary.

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SECTION 6

References City of Virginia Beach. 2017. City Code & Development Ordinances. Retrieved from https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/planning/codesOrd. Last accessed August 7, 2017.

City of Virginia Beach. 2017. Volunteer Opportunities. Retrieved from https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/pw-waste-management/Pages/other-vbccc-work.aspx. Last accessed August 7, 2017.

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). 2016. Final 2014 305(b)/303(d) Water Quality Assessment Integrated Report. Retrieved from http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/WaterQualityInformationTMDLs/WaterQualityAssessments/2014305(b)303(d)IntegratedReport.aspx. Last accessed August 7, 2017.

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/planning/codesOrd

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/pw-waste-management/Pages/other-vbccc-work.aspx

https://www.vbgov.com/government/departments/public-works/pw-waste-management/Pages/other-vbccc-work.aspx

http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/WaterQualityInformationTMDLs/WaterQualityAssessments/2014305(b)303(d)IntegratedReport.aspx

http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/WaterQualityInformationTMDLs/WaterQualityAssessments/2014305(b)303(d)IntegratedReport.aspx

Appendix A Case Studies

A-1

APPENDIX A

Case Studies Fairfax County, Virginia Fairfax County’s renewed 2015 Virginia Stormwater Management Program Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit includes the following provisions:

• Monitoring shall be conducted at five monitoring sites located at MS4 outfalls and/or streams receiving discharges from the MS4.

• Monitoring shall be conducted once per quarter after program implementation.

• Monitoring program shall include the count of floatables visually observed and length or area of sites assessed.

The County has contracted the monitoring program to a division of their Waste Management Program: The Clean Fairfax Counsel. Clean Fairfax conducts quarterly monitoring of the five selected sites and has assisted in developing and performing public outreach as it pertains to the Floatables Reduction Program.

Fairfax County Site Selection and Priority Determination The County chose to select their monitoring sites based on four primary factors:

• The first requirement was that floatable monitoring activities should occur within those areas that are regulated under the county’s MS4 permit.

• The second requirement was the categorization of MS4 contributing drainage area based on land use. The following land uses were represented by the sites selected: high-density residential, medium-density residential, low-density residential, institutional, and commercial.

• The third requirement was identification of stream segments based on the County’s hydrography layer.

• The fourth requirement was selection of a site within a maintenance and repair easement.

Fairfax County Field Protocol for Floatables Monitoring Fairfax’s program plan outlines four major field protocols for floatables monitoring, summarized as follows:

1. Health and Safety – The program outlines general requirements to ensure the health and safety of field personnel.

2. Sampling Methods – Staff mark off 100 linear feet of the stream, place flags at the stream midpoint, and mark off the full bank width. Staff photograph the markings for future reference. Survey team members use the MS4 floatables monitoring data sheets to tally and summarize counts of trash.

3. Sampling Frequency – The County’s permit specifies sampling must take place four times per year at five sites.

APPENDIX A—CASE STUDIES

A-2

4. Rainfall Criteria: Sampling shall not take place if it has rained 0.2 inches or more in the 48 hours preceding the sampling event. This criterion is intended to ensure staff safety and minimize the possibility of turbid conditions that could interfere with the survey team member’s ability to complete a thorough investigation.

Additional information on the program can be found in Fairfax County Department of Public Works and Environmental Services’ 2017 Standard Operating Procedures for the MS4 Floatables Monitoring Program.

Future Strategies for Floatables Reduction The County plans to create informative signage for convenience stores within the County. The County has identified convenience stores as a major contributor to floatable trash in their waterways and plans to aim for targeted outreach at these businesses.

Arlington County, Virginia The permittee shall continue to conduct surveys of floatables. The intent of the surveys is to document the effectiveness of the litter control programs for the MS4 and may be accomplished through a volunteer program. Surveys shall be performed in accordance with the following procedures:

• Arlington County has a work agreement with Arlingtonians for a Clean Environment (ACE), who administer the required Floatables Monitoring Program at three locations along Four Mile Run as part of ACE’s year-round stream cleanup programs. The three locations include two sites in lower Four Mile Run at Shirlington Park and at Barcroft Park and one in middle Four Mile Run near Columbia Pike. All sites are at least 100 feet in length and are sampled during litter pickup. ACE staff visually count all floatable material (excluding natural vegetation), trash, and refuse (for example, plastic trash bags, bottles, car batteries, and shopping carts) located in the sampling site, visible on the channel bottom, along banks (up to high water mark), or suspended in vegetation located in the sample site. The sampling sites must be at least 100 feet in length, and sampled during or before any litter pickup.

• The permittee shall maintain the following records and include a summary of results and trends in each annual report: location of the sample site, total site “counts”, and months since the last trash and floatables pick-up from the sampled section.

• In the future, Arlington County must provide a detailed analysis with the MS4 permit reapplication to identify any long-term trends identified during the current permit cycle including any significant differences found between BMP treatments.

• The long-term trends will be analyzed by tabulating the number of trash pieces by category in a 100-foot section of stream annually and over the permit period. Categories will include cigarette butts, metal cans, glass bottle, plastic bags, plastic containers, plastic pieces, Styrofoam containers, Styrofoam pieces, cloth or clothing, tires, balls, plastic straps, wrappers, and others.

• In their 2016 Annual Report, Arlington County reported on collecting over 2,400 pieces of floatable trash. The predominant types of floatables captured at both location during the screenings were: plastic bags, pieces of plastic, plastic food wrappers, cigarette ends,


SL0626171331VBO A-3

packaging materials, and organic material. A detailed analysis of the floatables monitoring data will be provided in their 2018 Annual Report.

City of Hampton, Virginia The City of Hampton has developed a plan to address floatables and includes the following tasks:

• Perform a limited floatables assessment at specific sites identified by the Program Coordinator.

• Assess the composition and relative quantity of floatables captured during the floatables assessment period utilizing the International Coastal Clean Up Ocean Trash Data Form.

• Establish, assess, and adaptively manage the Floatables Control Plan based upon findings of the limited floatables assessment which may include an evaluation of water shed management alternatives (for example, litter control, street sweeping, and stormwater Best Management Practices [BMPs]).

• Augment the City’s current MS4 program consisting of street sweeping, catch basin cleaning, repair and/or retrofit.

• Compile demographic and land use data to be used in determining target outreach strategies.

• Develop a public outreach program to implement watershed management alternatives in the affected areas to address direct deposition (illegal dumping) and street litter.

• Continue to implement End-of-pipe Controls: Events such as International Coastal Cleanup, Regional Cleanup, Hampton’s CLEAN THE BAY DAY, and BMP Cleanups by volunteer kayakers/canoeists.

The purpose of the limited floatables assessment will be to obtain floatables characterization data for the City’s long-term floatables abatement program. Types, composition, and potential origins were recorded for each of the sites selected by the Program Coordinator based on a prioritized outfall screening. To capture floatables, the City will develop a schedule for volunteer networks to assess and remove certain floatables at each of the specified locations biannually, downstream, beginning in November 2016. Two sites were selected for initial assessments.

The City will use the Ocean Conservancy’s Volunteer Ocean Trash Data Form to collect data on debris collected during the outfall screening events (available for download from the internet at http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/international-coastal-cleanup/data-form.pdf ). Initially, results will be reported in tabular format, which may be adjusted as the study progresses to more accurately assess the debris found in the Hampton area.

A trend analysis will be conducted on the collected materials to determine the effectiveness of the Program based on debris observed and/or collected over time.

A geospatial analysis will be conducted to determine if certain property uses (for example, convenience stores, pharmacies, gasoline stations, and grocery stores) may be identified as primary sources of any given category of floatable material collected.

http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/international-coastal-cleanup/data-form.pdf


A-4

The Public Education and Outreach component is focused on street litter prevention to reduce floatables generation through behavioral control. A brochure was developed to provide information to the public on the Floatables Reduction Program.

Source controls currently used as part of the City’s MS4 are catch basin and ditch maintenance, street sweeping, and use of BMPs (that is, Flo-Gard inserts) at some facilities. Depending on program trends, additional measures may be implemented. In conjunction with the City’s existing MS4 program controls, the City may choose to implement enhanced catch basin controls to help reduce the entry of floatables and sediment into the MS4. A comprehensive floatables control technology evaluation may be undertaken along with development of a preliminary basis of design.

Appendix B Monitoring Program

B-1

APPENDIX B

Monitoring Program Data Gathering Objectives The purpose of the City’s monitoring program is to make quantitative measurements of floatables observed on adjacent lands that would be discharged by its storm drain system regulated by its Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) permit. The data gathering objectives of the Program are the following:

• Monitor floatables on adjacent lands quarterly at five locations throughout the City’s watersheds in the proximity of the City’s MS4 stormwater outfalls.

• Perform surveys consistently on specific lengths of the same adjacent lands.

• Count and categorize the items observed on the adjacent lands.

Monitoring Site Health and Safety Considerations City staff, outside contractors, or volunteers may be used to measure and characterize floatables on adjacent lands and a safe working environment at each monitoring location is necessary to minimize the risk of injury. Therefore, the monitoring locations were selected with consideration of health and safety for participants.

Public access to adjacent lands with safe and ample parking must be located within walking distance of the adjacent lands to be surveyed. Survey sites, parking and access should not be located close to Virginia Department of Transportation roadways, such as Interstates 264 and 64, and military installations.

Paths and adjacent lands must be easily accessible and safe to walk on. Steep, unstable, and rocky slopes are to be avoided to eliminate slips, trips, and falls. Adjacent lands that typically experience wash-ups of hazardous debris should be avoided. Adjacent lands should have a clear view in all directions. Remote locations out of cellular signal range should be avoided in case incidents or injuries need to be reported or assistance is required.

Monitoring Locations Floatables monitoring will be performed at the following five survey sites:

• Abingdon Village • Lake Edward • Princess Anne Plaza Townhomes/Lynnhaven Elementary School • Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art (East and West) • Glenwood Elementary School.

Maps for each survey site are provided as figures at the end of this appendix.

Survey Methods The following section describes the methods to be used during floatables monitoring surveys. A pilot study at a single survey site will be performed in the last quarter of 2017 to review and adjust the survey procedures, if needed.

APPENDIX B—MONITORING PROGRAM

B-2

Survey Planning and Cleanup Coordination Floatables monitoring locations will be surveyed quarterly. Site surveys will be conducted in winter, spring, summer and fall.

The City will coordinate cleanup events at each floatables monitoring location following site surveys to remove recorded trash before the next site survey. These events will be completed by contracted consultants. In the future, the cleanup events may be performed by volunteers to help engage local communities and provide education and outreach to target audiences. The City will coordinate the cleanups and site surveys such that the survey is conducted concurrent with the cleanup effort. If large debris needs to be removed, the debris removal will be coordinated with the Department of Public Works Operations Division.

Health and Safety Health and safety considerations will be made for scheduling and conducting surveys. Weather conditions and forecasts will be monitored in the week before surveys to ensure that hazardous weather conditions will not occur during the surveys. Rain forecasts will be tracked to determine if rainfall may cause high-flow conditions in waterways that will make surveys unsafe. Surveys will be postponed if unsafe conditions are anticipated.

Upon arrival at the survey site, survey team members will determine if the survey can be performed safely. The health and safety conditions will be evaluated before any activities. High-stream flows, slippery conditions, or other safety considerations will be evalauted and if deemed unsafe, the survey will be postponed.

Survey Site Establishment The survey team will measure and mark off 100 linear feet of the waterway receiving discharge from the MS4 consistent with the previous survey event at that location. Additional flags will be placed at the midpoint (50 feet) of the monitoring area. The stream bank full width will be determined and marked off. The survey team will photograph prominent land marks and the flagged markings. These photographs will be included in program documentation to ensure consistency of the monitored area at each site.

Data Collection The survey team will use MS4 floatables survey data sheets to tally and summarize counts of trash within the sampling area marked at each site (see attached). Water-resistant ink pens will be used. The datasheets consist of:

1. Cover sheet with detailed site identification and a floatable count summary of individual tally sheets on the reverse side.

2. Tally sheet(s) with floatable subcategory type definitions on the reverse side. The tally sheet is organized by five major categories:

a. Food and beverage b. Household items c. Recreation equipment and advertising d. Hazardous materials e. Other Trash materials


SL0626171331VBO B-3

For each survey, the procedure will be as follows:

1. The designated survey leader fills out the cover sheet for the survey.

2. The survey leader determines the number of survey team members needed to record floatables and distributes data sheets to the survey team members.

3. Survey team members fill out each item in the header section of the datasheet; no items are to be left blank. Slashes, zeros or "N/A" (not applicable) should be used for any item as needed, to confirm that there has not been an omission.

4. Survey team members tally the types (subcategories) of floatables observed in the bank-full accessible width along the 100-foot stream segment on the datasheet.

5. Survey team members review the subcategory definitions on the reverse side of the form if there are any questions about the appropriate category for an item.

6. After counting all of the floatables in the monitoring area, survey team members reconvene and identify the total number of data sheets that have been used. Each sheet is then numbered individually, starting with the cover sheet, and including the total number of sheets that have been used.

7. On the tally sheet(s), survey team members count all tally marks and summarize the total numbers for each detailed subcategory of trash in the total column.

8. Survey team members will exchange tally sheets and perform independent reviews of each other's datasheet(s) for completeness, and to check the calculation of totals by subcategory and category. The reviewer initials the "Reviewed by" section to document that the review is complete.

9. On the 'Floatable Count Summary' (rear of the cover sheet), the survey leader will summarize the totals for each subcategory of trash from each datasheet to determine the overall total. This summary includes the subcategories which determine overall totals.

10. The following digital photographs will be taken on each monitoring event and numbered on the cover sheet.

a. Photo of cover sheet to identify site and subsequent photos b. Photo of the MS4 outfall c. Photo of the survey area from the downstream end facing upstream. d. Photo of the survey area from the outfall looking downstream. e. Additional photos of any notable observations

11. The file names of the digital photos are recorded on the cover sheet in the photo documentation section.

12. The survey leader confirms that tally sheets have been reviewed, and reviews the floatable count summary and cover sheets for completeness and accurate calculations.

Quality Assurance and Quality Control Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) is implemented to ensure a consistent high level of quality data collected. The following elements of the floatables monitoring protocol are implemented in order to ensure data quality:


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Duplicate Surveys

In the event that volunteers are used in future efforts, duplicate surveys will be utilized to minimize discrepancies in the recorded data that may stem from individual variability of the field staff. Contracted survey team members will conduct a survey of a monitoring area without removing trash. The same day, volunteers will be used to count and remove trash. Staff will then compare results and discuss any differences in counts because of differences in the categorization of floatables or other ways that counts were recorded. Survey team members will review the subcategories of floatables (and their descriptions) and repeat these duplicate surveys until consistent results are achieved. Survey team members will clearly identify the datasheets from these exercises as QA/QC documentation and file them appropriately.

Survey Review

Peer reviews will be completed by contracted survey team members. The reviews are to be completed to minimize the potential for illegible writing, calculation errors, and other oversights.

Field Sheet Retention and Storage

A process of retaining digital information in a database on the City’s server will be developed by the City to provide for long-term storage of floatables monitoring information. The data storage process will describe how the original datasheets and photographs will be digitized and stored to maintain data integrity and to support the necessary permit reporting requirements.

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Attachment 1 Floatables Data Collection Sheets

Virginia Beach MS4 Floatables Monitoring Survey Cover Page

Other Trash Items

TOTAL:

Recreation Equipment and Advertising

Hazardous Materials

Total Number of Observed ItemsFood & Beverage

Household Items

Abingdon Village

Lake Edward

Princess Anne Plaza Towne Homes / Lynnhaven Elementary School

Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art (East)

Total # of Photos Taken (and

their digital IDs)

General Site Description

Glenwood Elementary School

Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art (West)

Monitoring Site Circle site being monitored

Start Time

End Time

Date

Fiscal Quarter

Date of Last Cleanup

Total Precipitation in last 48 hours (inches)

Crew/Group Conducting Survey

Reviewer Initials

MS4 Floatables Monitoring Program - Data Collection

Site: Date: Photos Taken (Y/N):

Field Staff: Reviewed by:

8

Tallied Total (#)

CATEGORY SUM TOTAL:

HOUSEHOLD ITEMS

CATEGORY SUM TOTAL:

Brands/Comments/Other:

Disposable Cups/Lids/Plates/Cutlery/Straws:

Metal Food Cans:

Other Beverage Bottles(PLASTIC):

Glass Beverage Bottles:

Beverage Cans:

Juice Boxes:

Beverage Boxes/6-Pack Rings:

Newspapers/Magazines:

Clothes Hangers:


Boxes/Cardboard:

Packing Materials:

Clothing/Fabric/Carpeting:

Containers (PLASTIC, METAL, GLASS):

Fast Food To-Go Containers/Bags:

FOOD AND BEVERAGE

Plastic Bags (SHOPPING):

Plastic Bags (GARBAGE):

Plastic Bags (OTHER):

Wrappers:

Water Bottles(PLASTIC):

Plastic Bags (SHOPPING):Example:

DIRECTIONS: ● Count floatable litter and place tally mark for each item found, add tally marks in tallied total box. ● Add all tallied total for each category and write category total count in box. ● Have another staff member check totals and sign at top

Tallied

MS4 Floatables Monitoring Program - Data Collection

RECREATION EQUIPMENT & ADVERTISING

CATEGORY SUM TOTAL:

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

CATEGORY SUM TOTAL:

OTHER TRASH ITEMS

CATEGORY SUM TOTAL:

Construction Debris:

Intact Bricks


Electronics/Appliances:

Tires:

Shopping Carts:

Bikes:

Furniture:

Auto Chemicals and Parts:

Bio-Waste:


Smoking Products:

Paint Cans:

Medical Waste:

Signs/Flyers/Brochures:


Balls/ Toys/ Balloons:

Fishing:

MS4 Floatables Monitoring Program - Data Collection Guidance

FOOD & BEVERAGE

Plastic Bags (SHOPPING,): grocery bags and department store bags; indicate brands belowPlastic Bags (GARBAGE): usually large black or clear bags

Plastic Bags (OTHER): newspaper bags, sandwich, quart and gallon size bags, dry cleaner bags, etc.Wrappers: chip bags, candy wrappers, labels from bottles, bits of foilWater Bottles(PLASTIC)Other Beverage Bottles(PLASTIC)Glass Bottles: count each collection of broken shards as one bottle; count partial bottle if mostly intactBeverage Cans: soda, beer, etc.

Disposable Cups/Lids/Plates/Cutlery/Straws: count straw separate from lid, lid separate from cupMetal Food Cans: soup, canned meats, etc.Fast Food To-Go Containers/Bags: note brand belowJuice BoxesBeverage Boxes/6-Pack Rings

Brands/Comments/Other: indicate locally traceable brands /Explain as needed/Add count of unlisted itemsHOUSEHOLD ITEMS Boxes/CardboardPacking Materials: count each large piece; Styrofoam; bubble wrap; and package bindingsClothing/Fabric/Carpeting: include shoes; count each large piece of fabric

Misc. (PLASTIC, METAL, GLASS): include toiletry and cleaning product containers; bins; cookware; lidsNewspapers/Magazines: note the publisherClothes Hangers

Brands/Comments/Other: indicate locally traceable brands /Explain as needed/Add count of unlisted itemsRECREATION EQUIPMENT & ADVERTISINGBalls/Toys/ Balloons: include bike parts and pieces of toysFishing Gear: hooks, fishing line, lures, etc.Signs/Flyers/Brochures: note origin below

Brands/Comments/Other: indicate locally traceable brands /Explain as needed/Add count of unlisted itemsHAZARDOUS MATERIALSSmoking Products: for large collections of cigarette butts, estimate numberPaint Cans: gallon pails, spray cans Medical Waste: rubber tubing, rubber gloves, syringes, etc.

Auto Chemicals and Parts: containers from automotive chemical products; smaller auto parts not tires

Bio-Waste: dirty diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons, dog waste; count plastic bags separately above

Brands/Comments/Other: indicate locally traceable brands /Explain as needed/Add count of unlisted itemsOTHER TRASH ITEMSTiresShopping CartsBikesFurnitureElectronics/AppliancesConstruction Debris: cinder blocks, large cement chunks, lumber etc.Intact Bricks: Count mostly intact bricks

Brands/Comments/Other: indicate locally traceable brands /Explain as needed/Add count of unlisted items


B-1

Appendix B: Industrial and High Risk Facility

Inspection Procedures and Form

Public Works Engineering – Surface Water Regulatory Compliance Division

Industrial Stormwater Discharge Inspection Procedures June 20, 2017 Prepared By: 4500 Main Street Suite 500 Virginia Beach, VA 23462

Industrial Stormwater Discharge Inspection Procedures

I. Introduction

Section I.B.2.g of the City of Virginia Beach (the City) municipal separate storm

sewer system (MS4) permit (VA0088676) requires the City to "implement a

program to identify and control pollutants in stormwater discharges to the MS4

from industrial and high risk runoff facilities and any other industrial or

commercial discharges the permittee determines are contributing a significant

pollutant loading to the MS4.”

This document establishes the procedures used by the City of Virginia Beach

for conducting inspections of points of connection to the Virginia Beach MS4

from industrial and high risk runoff (IHRR) facilities located within the City’s MS4

service area to satisfy these requirements.

The inspection program described in this document details inspections at

facilities identified by the City as IHRR facilities, meaning point-of connection

inspections required under Section I.B.2.g of the City's MS4 permit to include:

(1) outfalls of facilities with Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination

System (VPDES) industrial stormwater permits at the point of connection

to the City MS4 (I.B.2.g.2),

(2) any non-VPDES permitted industrial facility from which the City has

evidence that a significant pollutant load is entering the MS4 system

(l.B.2.g.4), and;

(3) any industrial and/or commercial stormwater dischargers not

regulated under the Virginia State Water Control Law that the City

determines may be contributing a significant pollutant loading to the City

MS4 (I.B.2.g.6).

The Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Field Guide: Hampton

Roads Planning District Commission MS4 Communities, April 2017 (IDDE Field


Guide), provides detailed guidance on identifying evidence of significant pollutant

loads and should be referred to for a complete summary on the procedure of

identifying evidence of stormwater pollution.

For the purposes of this document, assessing the following parameters in water

flow may provide evidence of stormwater pollution: clarity, color, odor; the

presence or absence of floating solids, settled solids, suspended solids, foam, oil

sheen, grease; and deposits and stains, abnormal vegetative growth, or outfall

damage such as cracking or corrosion in the immediate vicinity. If observed,

these qualitative parameters are generally sufficient evidence for an inspector to

request a discharge be stopped and to perform source tracing without collecting

samples from the flow.

Generally, if there are physical indicators evident of a potential non-stormwater

discharge entering the MS4 system at the point of connection, inspectors will

make an effort to trace non-stormwater discharges to their source while on site.

The inspector must obtain permission from the property owner or on-site

personnel prior to entering the site to try and initiating source tracing. If the

owner or their representative does not give the inspector permission to enter

the site to perform source tracing, the inspector shall note it on the inspection

form and immediately upon leaving the site contact Public Works Engineering

Surface Water Regulatory Compliance Division (SWRCD). SWRCD will

coordinate with the Virginia Beach Fire Marshal’s office to gain entry to the

property for source tracing. Source training will be conducted in accordance

with IDDE procedures.

II. Inspection Procedures

A. Pre-Inspection

1. Begin by selecting a facility from the IHRR list in accordance with the

prioritized IHRR inspection schedule.


2. Send the Stormwater Inspection Notification Letter (attached) to the facility

owner or their documented representative listed in the database two weeks

prior to the date of the inspection.

3. Check the geographic information system (GIS) mapping to verify if facility

stormwater infrastructure and point of connection with the MS4 have been

mapped. Print the map if available, document its absence if unavailable.

i. If mapping of stormwater infrastructure is unavailable, print an aerial

map of the facility to mark up in the field.

4. Take note of the type of facility that is to be inspected, including the type of

operations documented to take place there. Note whether the facility is

VPDES-permitted or listed as a High Risk Facility. Note whether the facility is

City-owned or privately owned.

5. If the facility is VPDES permitted, check the SWRCD database for existing

Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) that have been submitted by the

facility. Review the DMRs for information relevant to the inspection, e.g.

number of outfalls, previous benchmark exceedances. If no DMRs are

found in the database for a permitted facility, request DMRs during the site

visit.

6. Two days prior to the inspection, call the facility and advise them of the

general time you will be visiting the site.

7. Ensure necessary inspection equipment is assembled, in working order, and

placed in the vehicle, including:

i. Personal protective equipment (hardhat, safety vest, steel-toe boots,

etc.)

ii. Camera with charged batteries

iii. Global positioning system (GPS) unit (Optional)

iv. Copies of Stormwater Inspection letters for facilities to be inspected

v. Manhole hook

B. Outfall Inspection

1. Notify the facility owner or representative when you arrive at the property


and provide them with a copy of the Stormwater Inspection Notification

Letter. Explain that the purpose of the visit is to locate the points of

connection of their facility to the MS4. Ask if they have knowledge of the

locations of their points of connection. If they do, ask if they are willing to

point out the locations for the inspection. If the facility is permitted and no

DMRs have been received, request DMRs from the facility owner. Provide a

copy of the DMR Request Letter. If the facility owner or representative asks

you to leave at any time, document the request on the inspection form,

leave immediately, and notify SWRCD.

2. Document and photograph observable information about the use of the

facility and its potential to generate stormwater pollution in the comments

section of the inspection form:

Document the apparent use of the facility, and whether it matches

information in the database.

Document and photograph any outside storage of apparent

industrial or commercial supplies.

Document and photograph any evidence of outdoor activities with

the potential to generate stormwater pollution.

Document and photograph vehicle repair, fueling, loading or

unloading, or washing activities observed at the facility.

Document and photograph parking lots for evidence of excessive

staining or leaking fluids; condition of and covers on solid waste

receptacles (dumpsters and trash cans); presence of excessive

litter; and the presence of excessive sand, gravel, girt or dirt that

could enter the storm drain system.

It is important to document and photograph activities and/or conditions

that represent both good and problematic operational activities at the

facility.

3. Locate the facility’s point of connection with the MS4.

i. If the point of connection has been mapped:


Proceed to the mapped location and confirm that it is correct. Ask

the facility owner if they are aware of any additional points of

connection for the facility.

ii. If the point of connection has not been mapped or is found to have

been mapped incorrectly, it will be necessary to attempt to locate it in

the field. This may require assessing infrastructure on the property to

attempt to trace the path of flow to the point of connection.

Ask the facility owner if they are aware of the locations of

stormwater infrastructure on site, e.g. drains or pipes and their

direction of flow.

Use any information provided and conduct general surveillance of

the facility to locate the point of connection and record its location

for mapping.

Mark up the facility map with any new information on the

stormwater drainage system observed in the field. Note inlets and

manholes and outlet locations. A copy of the revised mapping

should be forwarded to the SWRCD GIS analyst for review and

inclusion in the City GIS.

iii. If the point of connection cannot be identified, document the attempt,

where the search was conducted, and any information provided by the

facility owner to be further investigated at a later time by Public Works.

4. Once the point of connection with the MS4 is located, check for evidence

of significant pollutant loading. The IDDE Field Guide provides detailed

guidance on identifying evidence of significant pollutant loads and should

be referred to for a complete summary on the procedure of identifying

evidence of stormwater pollution. Section 4 of the IDDE Field Guide

provides guidance on conduction visual assessment of odor, color,

turbidity, and floatables to indicate if pollutants may be present in the

discharge.

i. If flow is observed during dry weather conditions, conduct a visual


inspection of the discharge.

ii. Try and determine the source of the discharge (ask facility personnel,

start tracing on-site)

iii. If no evidence of significant pollutant loading is noted during the visual

inspection, document the findings and end the inspection.

iv. If evidence of significant pollutant loading is noted during the visual

inspection, contact the owner of the facility or the representative of the

owner and ask permission to initiate source tracing of the discharge

via the following steps.

If the pollutant is suspected to be hazardous, immediately contact

your supervisor to coordinate with the Fire Marshal to coordinate

any further action. Alert the facility owner and request that the

discharge be stopped immediately.

If the pollutant is not suspected to be hazardous, the discharge

should be traced with owner’s approval. If the owner does not

approve the source tracing, then SWRCD should be contacted

immediately after leaving the facility and IDDE Manual procedures

shall be followed.

5. Take photographs throughout the point of connection inspection.

Document on the facility mapping the location and orientation of each

photograph taken. Try and take photos that provide perspective not only

of what the subject of the photograph is but where the item is relative to

other recognizable site features. Stormwater infrastructure, the point of

connection itself, any evidence of the potential sources of significant

pollutant loading, observed good housekeeping practices, and structural

landmarks to help locate features in the future should all be

photographed and documented.

C. Post-Inspection

1. Scan copies of forms, annotated mapping, and field notes. Upload any

photos taken and ensure file names are relevant to how they are


referenced in the comments section and on annotated maps.

2. Note the inspection date in the IHRR inspection schedule.

3. Contact the SWRCD if the inspector answers “Yes” to the question on the

Inspection Form as to whether IDDE program follow up is warranted.


ATTACHEMNTS

1. Property Owner Contact Letter

2. DMR Request Memorandum

3. Industrial Facility Inspection Form


PROPERTY OWNER CONTACT LETTER


DMR REQUEST MEMORANDUM


INDUSTRIAL FACILITY INSPECTION FORM

1City of Virginia Beach — IHRR Inspection for Facilities in MS4

IHRR Inspection for Facilities in MS4

Inspector Date Time

Site ID Initial Inspection Follow-up Inspection

Facility Name Address

Facility Closed

HUC (VAHU6) Suite City

Building Location Description:

Year Facility Constructed

Is the Facility VPDES Permitted? Yes No

VPDES Permit#

Facility Activity

Business Classification

Facility Representative

Name

Phone

Email

Owner

Name

Phone

Email


Outfall Inspection

Outfall Number

MS4 Connection? Yes

No

Discharges to

River/Stream

Lake/Pond

Wetlands

Woods

Detention Basin

Ditch

Other

Flow Rate Light

Substantial

No Flow

Comments

Current Weather Conditions

Wet Dry (48 Hours no rain > 0.1 inch)

Amount of Rainfall in the Past 72 Hours

Source from nearest rain gauge: https://maps.waterdata.usgs.gov/mapper


Outfall Inspection

Outfall Number

Physical Indicators

Odor (if present)

Sewage Rancid/Sour Petroleum Chemical Sulfide Other N/A

Intensity (1-3)*

Intensity (1-3)*

Intensity (1-3)*

Intensity (1-3)*

Color (flow present)

Clear

Brown

Gray

Yellow

Orange

Red

Green Other N/A

Turbidity (flow present)

Clear

Slight Cloudiness

Cloudy

Opaque N/A

Floatables

Sewage Suds Petroleum Litter Other N/A

Deposits/ Stains

Oily Flow Line Paint Other

N/A

Abnormal Vegetation

Excessive Partially Inhibited Totally Inhibited

N/A

Pipe Algae Growth

Brown Orange Green Other

N/A

*Reference Section 4. Illicit Discharge Characteristics in the IDDE Field Guide: Hampton Roads Planning District Commission MS4 Communities published April 2017


Additional Comments

IDDE Follow-up Required? Yes No


C-1

Appendix C: Single Family Residential Stormwater

Management Facility Maintenance Strategy

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITY MAINTENANCE STRATEGY

June 2017 For Single Family Residential Properties

Prepared by Public Works Engineering

Surface Water Regulatory Compliance Division

Stormwater Management Facility Maintenance Strategy

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... I

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1

STRATEGIES ................................................................................................. 1

Outreach for Residential Property Owners .......................................................... 1

SWMF Inspection and Maintenance Education Fact Sheets ......................................................... 2

Residential Property Owner Inspection and Maintenance Guide ............................................... 2

Inspection Form for Residential Property Owners .......................................................................... 2

Outreach for Contractors ........................................................................................ 3

IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................... 3 Development of Education Program ...................................................................... 3

Development of Training Outreach ....................................................................... 4

Planned Implementation Schedule ......................................................................... 4

Cover page photo credit, Falls Church VA


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Stormwater Management Facility Maintenance Strategy F O R S I N G L E FA M I LY R E S I D E N T I A L P R O P E R T I E S

INTRODUCTION The City of Virginia Beach has developed a maintenance strategy to promote the long-term maintenance of stormwater management facilities (SWMF) on single family residential properties. Single family residential property SWMFs treat only the stormwater from the individual residential lot and do not include treatment for subdivisions or multifamily properties. The requirements of the City’s Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) permit (Permit No. VA0088676) related to SFR SWMFs are documented in section Part I.B.2.h)2)(a)(1).

The City must implement a program to ensure proper maintenance of each privately owned SWMF that discharges into the MS4.

For stormwater control measures designed to treat stormwater runoff solely from individual residential lots, the City has the option of either requiring maintenance agreements or developing a written strategy.

The strategy will be provided in the annual report, due October 1, 2017.

As a Virginia Stormwater Management Program (VSMP) authority, the City has elected not to require residential property owners to enter into SWMF maintenance agreements. This document only addresses SWMFs constructed to comply with VSMP requirements and that manage runoff only from the single family residential lot where the SWMF is physically located.

The City’s goals are to implement a strategy that will promote the long term maintenance of these facilities through education and training. The focus of the education and training is to provide awareness of the function of these facilities, proper inspection techniques, maintenance needs and frequency, and proper maintenance techniques.

STRATEGIES

Outreach for Residential Proper ty Owners The City’s strategy is comprised of education and training with two primary target audiences. The first audience is the residential property owner. The City will develop and provide various fact sheets and guides to single family residential property owners to facilitate SWMF maintenance. Additionally, the City will develop SWMF inspection forms to be submitted annually by each applicable SFR SWMF property owner. The City’s webpage will present information about inspection and maintenance of residential SWMFs in simple and clear language with links to


2 | P a g e

relevant documents such as the informational handouts and fact sheet summaries. These summaries will also include visuals and step-by-step procedures for residential property owners to utilize.

SWMF Inspection and Maintenance Education Fact Sheets Fact sheets will be developed for all common types of SWMFs that may be located on a single family residential property including but not limited to, bioretention, grass swales and rooftop disconnect. The fact sheets will provide an overview of the type of facility, routine and non-routine maintenance needs, recommended inspection and maintenance schedules, and resource information.

Residential Property Owner Inspection and Maintenance Guide The focus of this informational guide is to explain the importance of inspection and maintenance of SWMFs. This guide will include additional detailed information on annual inspections, provide simple descriptions of maintenance of SWMFs, and provide a maintenance checklist that may be used by the property owner. The guide will include and expand on the information presented in the fact sheets. Select guides will be developed for SWMFs based upon common and applicable practices within the City.

Some of the items considered for inclusion in the guide are:

Definition and types of SWMFs. Importance of stormwater management and why SWMF maintenance is necessary.

Discussion of underground utility hazards and the tools that will be needed for the upkeep of their SWMF

Inspection and maintenance information

Step-by-step procedures on how to inspect their SWMF, routine and non-routine maintenance and seasonal care guidance of different types of SWMFs, and general needs for upkeep of SWMFs

Resource information

Inspection Form for Residential Property Owners One goal of this strategy is to simplify the process for single family residential property owners to submit annual inspections to the City. A simple inspection form will be developed and provided to single family residential property owners.

Features to be incorporated into the strategy include:

Design the form to be easy to complete

Include checkboxes where possible

Develop an electronic fillable form that property owners may email or print and mail

Include photo documentation

Include clear instructions


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Outreach for Contractors The City will develop a training strategy geared towards contractors who perform SWMF construction and maintenance. A future goal is to develop a publicly available list of maintenance contractors who have attended training on proper maintenance of SWMFs for single family residential lots. The City will promote trainings provided by others as primary method for contractor outreach.

The planned target audience to attend trainings provided by others includes both lawn and landscaping companies and home builders and contractors. The City may pursue the development of a training program in the future as demand for these services increases locally.

IMPLEMENTATION

Development of Education Program The City’s goal is to implement a strategy that will promote the long term maintenance of stormwater management facilities through education and training. The first phase of the implementation will be to develop and provide the educational materials for use in the program.

The City will review the existing types of SWMFs located on single family residential lots to determine the most common types for inclusion in the educational materials. The fact sheets and inspection and maintenance guides will be made available through printed distribution at City Offices and through the mail, and electronic versions will be distributed via email. In addition, the fact sheets and inspection and maintenance guides will be posted on the City website along with references to other websites for additional resources.

A procedure will be developed for the implementation of the inspection form, which would be used by the residential property owner. This procedure will address the methods for residents to submit the inspection forms, guidance for tracking of the inspections and SWMFs, and evaluation of the inspection submittals for implementation of improvements to the long-term maintenance strategy.

The following resources will be used in the development of the fact sheets, inspection and maintenance guides, and inspection forms.

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) 2013 BMP Standards & Specifications (DRAFT), http://www.deq.virginia.gov/fileshare/wps/2013_DRAFT_BMP_Specs/

Chesapeake Stormwater Network BMP Inspection & Maintenance Guidance, http://chesapeakestormwater.net/bay-stormwater/urban-bmp-verification/

City of Virginia Beach, Public Works Engineering, Stormwater Management Facility Inspection and Maintenance Manual, June 2017

Fairfax County (Virginia) Stormwater Facility Fact Sheets, http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/dpwes/stormwater/factsheets.htm

http://www.deq.virginia.gov/fileshare/wps/2013_DRAFT_BMP_Specs/

http://chesapeakestormwater.net/bay-stormwater/urban-bmp-verification/

http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/dpwes/stormwater/factsheets.htm


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Arlington County (Virginia) Stormwater Management Facility Inspections, https://environment.arlingtonva.us/stormwater-watersheds/stormwater-at-home/stormwater-management-facility-inspections/

Department of Environmental Protection – Montgomery County (Maryland), Types of Stormwater Management Facilities, https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/water/stormwater/practices.html

Development of Training Outreach The next phase in the implementation will be to develop the methods to promote training in stormwater facility maintenance. The outreach will be geared towards contractors who perform SWMF construction and maintenance for common types of single family residential SWMF.

The training courses available to contractors will be identified and promoted through the following methods.

Conducting research to determine licensed contractors in the City of Virginia Beach.

Coordinating with local businesses and local non-governmental organizations to focus contractor outreach efforts

Posting information on the City’s website.

The list of advertising strategies is preliminary and may be revised or changed during development of the program.

Planned Implementation Schedule The strategies will be implemented during the course of the current five-year permit. The planned implementation timeline is presented in table below.

Implementation Schedule

Timeline Strategy

FY 2017 Develop the strategy for inspection and maintenance.

FY 2018 Develop inspection and maintenance education fact sheets for common types of SWMFs.

FY 2019 Provide educational fact sheets on the website and set up a process for requesting inspections.

FY 2020 Develop and provide inspection and maintenance guide and inspection form on website, printed distribution at City Offices and through the mail, and electronic distribution via email.

FY 2021 Identify and promote maintenance training and track inspection records.

https://environment.arlingtonva.us/stormwater-watersheds/stormwater-at-home/stormwater-management-facility-inspections/

https://environment.arlingtonva.us/stormwater-watersheds/stormwater-at-home/stormwater-management-facility-inspections/

https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/water/stormwater/practices.html


D-1

Appendix D: HRPDC In System/Wet Weather

Monitoring Summary

August 2017

Annual Report: In-system Wet Weather Stormwater Monitoring Program

Introduction

In order to characterize nutrient and sediment concentrations related to urban stormwater,

the six Phase I MS4 localities within Hampton Roads, in partnership with the U.S. Geological

Survey (USGS) and the Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD), created a regional

stormwater monitoring network. This network is dual-purposed, simultaneously addressing local

water quality issues and fulfilling MS4 permit requirements, while providing useful data to

support Chesapeake Bay Program modeling efforts. The Chesapeake Bay Program’s watershed

model is responsible for estimating loads of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total

suspended solids (TSS) throughout the Bay watershed. However, there are no calibration stations

within the Coastal Plain, and therefore no verifiable loading rates of these compounds. By

providing high frequency and high quality data through the USGS quality control and quality

assurance framework, the Hampton Roads region will be well-represented with accurate

estimates of loading rates for future phases of the model. This report was developed to fulfill the

requirements stated in the Phase I localities’ MS4 permits.

Monitoring Network

The six Phase I MS4 localities

(Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News,

Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach)

participate in the Hampton Roads Regional

Water Quality Monitoring Program

(RWQMP). Each locality has two monitoring

sites, draining land between 3 and 30 acres

with no tidal water influence, that represent a

range of urban land uses including high-

density residential, single-family residential,

and commercial/industrial (Fig. 1; Table 1).

Site selection was also based on the goal of

having very few, if any, best management

practices (BMPs) upstream of the sampling

Figure 1. Locations of the 12 water quality monitoring stations, overlaid on land cover, in Hampton Roads, VA.

Hampton Roads Planning District Commission

August 2017

2

area. By characterizing the range in loadings that are typical of a given land-use type that do not

yet have BMPs implemented, variability can be assessed within land use types, and meaningful

comparisons can be developed between the three dominant land use types in the region. This

should significantly enhance the understanding of how management activities can be directed

efficiently.

Table 1. Locality names, station names, and land use types for all localities participating in the monitoring program.

Locality Station Name Land Use Type

Chesapeake Professional Place Commercial

Chesapeake Ramsgate Lane Single-family Residential

Hampton Coliseum Drive Commercial

Hampton Garrett Drive Single-family Residential

Newport News Lakewood Park Drive Single-family Residential

Newport News Rivers Ridge Circle High Density Residential

Norfolk Sheppard Avenue Single-family Residential

Norfolk USAA Drive Commercial

Portsmouth Craneybrook Lane High Density Residential

Portsmouth Daisy Drive Single-family Residential

Virginia Beach Lindsley Drive High Density Residential

Virginia Beach Ludlow Drive Single-family Residential

Operation of the monitoring network is the joint responsibility of USGS and HRSD. Data

collection is supervised by the USGS Virginia Water Science Center to ensure that data quality

meets the requirements established by USGS. Discrete sample collection and analysis plus

system maintenance are conducted by HRSD’s Central Environmental Laboratory (CEL) while

data analysis, interpretation, and reporting are conducted by USGS. All 12 stations collect real-

time, high frequency data including flow (stage, velocity, and discharge), turbidity, specific

conductance, and water temperature. Discrete samples for nutrients and sediments are taken

during storm events over a range of flows and for quarterly baseflow sampling. Nutrient

concentrations consist of measurements of TN, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), organic nitrogen,


August 2017

3

nitrate + nitrite, ammonia + ammonium, TP, and orthophosphate. Sediments are measured as

TSS.

Monitoring Protocols

Each station is equipped with a continuous

flow meter, a water quality sonde for continuous

water quality monitoring, a refrigerated automated

sampler for the collection of stormwater water

quality samples, an internal data logger for

recording and storing all measured values, a

satellite telemetry unit to transmit data hourly, a

power system supporting all components (AC

power with battery backup), and a ruggedized

housing that protects all equipment (Fig. 2).

Continuous flow is measured at 5 minute intervals

and flow meters are connected to the data logger

and satellite telemetry system to provide data in

near real time. Instruments are operated in

accordance to manufacturer guidance, and USGS guidance (see

http://water.usgs.gov/osw/pubs.html). Continuous water quality monitors measure water

temperature, specific conductance, and turbidity and are operated in accordance to standard

protocol (Wagner et al. 2006).

Discrete sampling for nutrients and sediment are triggered by the datalogger when

stormflow conditions exist (as indicated by flow and water quality conditions). Samples are

retained in the refrigerated sampler (≤ 6°C) until retrieved by HRSD field staff. Samples are

retrieved within 24 hours of collection, transported in coolers (≤ 6°C), and delivered to the

laboratory for preservation and analysis. The analytes measured have defined laboratory methods

within 40 CFR Part 136 and TN is calculated as the sum of TKN and nitrate + nitrite. Detailed

standard operating procedures for nutrient and sediment analysis are maintained at HRSD’s CEL

and available upon request.

Figure 2. Ruggedized housing and components present at each stormwater monitoring station.

http://water.usgs.gov/osw/pubs.html


August 2017

4

All data collected for this monitoring program, including continuous time series data and

discrete sample data, is retained in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) and

made publicly available online via NWISweb (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/HRStormwater).

Continuous data from the flow meter and water quality monitors are transmitted via GOES

satellite hourly and uploaded directly into NWIS via automated processes. These data are made

publicly available on NWISweb within minutes of the hourly transmission. Discrete sample data

is entered into the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) at HRSD. These data

are electronically transferred monthly to USGS for entry into NWIS, at which time they are

publicly accessible via NWISweb.

Results

Monitoring station installation began

in April 2015 with all stations on-line and

collecting data by December 2016. Between

July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017, a total of

547 discrete sampling events were logged,

inclusive of baseline and event-triggered

sampling and thousands of continuous

monitoring data points have been collected

and evaluated. In addition, meteorological

data was collected from the Norfolk

International Airport and from rain gauges

throughout the region. Annual precipitation in 2016 was greater than years previous (Fig. 3), thus

results interpreted from this snapshot in time will have higher than normal discharges and loads.

Figure 3. Total annual precipitation from Norfolk International Airport (NOAA) for water years 2008-2016 (blue bars) and the 10 year mean (red line).

42.8

55.3

64.7

47.9

39.1

48.652.8

46.5

67

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

An

nu

al

Pre

cip

ita

tio

n (

in.)

Water Year

http://waterdata.usgs.gov/HRStormwater


August 2017

5

Total annual discharges were

highest at the commercial sites,

followed by high density residential,

and single family residential (Fig.

4). Commercial sites had the

greatest amount of impervious

surface compared to other land use

types which were comprised more

of turf grass and tree cover. Not

unexpectedly, seasonal temperature

variations were consistent between

sites (Fig. 5).

Figure 4. Total annual discharge at each site, grouped by land use.

Single-Family Res. High Density Res.

Commercial

Figure 5. Daily temperature (°C) at 5 minute intervals for each site between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017.


August 2017

6

TN concentrations were significantly different between land use types on average, and

were greatest for single family residential land use (Fig. 6A). Nitrate + nitrite concentrations

were greatest in high density and single family residential land uses compared to commercial

(Fig. 6B). Organic nitrogen tracked with TN concentrations (Fig. 6C). There were no significant

differences between ammonia + ammonium concentrations and land use (Fig. 6D). The bulk of

the N pool was comprised of organic N (Fig. 7).

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.050.060.07

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.50.60.7

1

2

3

4

Commercial High Density ResidentialSingle Family

Land Use

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.040.05

0.07

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.40.5

0.7

1

2

3

45

7

10

20


Land Use

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.050.06

0.080.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.50.60.7

1

2

3

4


Land Use

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.50.60.7

1

2

3

4

567

10

20


Land Use

Figure 6. Box and whisker plots of concentrations (mg/L, log scale) of TN (A), nitrate + nitrite (B), organic N (C), and ammonia + ammonium (D) for the three land use types for July 1, 2016 – June 30, 2017. Outliers (black dots) denote concentrations outside error bars from higher discharge events. Median values are statistically different unless denoted with an asterisk (*).

A

* *

B

C D

Commercial High Density Single Family Residential Residential





August 2017

7

TP and orthophosphate concentrations were also significantly greater for single family

residential land uses compared to commercial and high density residential land uses (Fig. 8A &

8B). There was no significant difference in TSS concentrations among sites (Fig. 9). Outliers in

all plots, denoted by black dots, are a result of higher discharge events occurring outside of the

highest interquartile (> 75th percentile).

Ammonium + Ammonia Nitrate + Nitrate Organic N

Figure 7. Relative percent of nitrogen species to total N for all samples collected.

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.050.060.07

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.50.60.7

1

2

3

4

5

6


Land Use

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.0050.006

0.0080.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.050.06

0.080.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.50.6

1


Land Use

Figure 8. Box and whisker plots of concentrations (mg/L, log scale) of TP (A), and orthophosphate (B) for the three land use types for July 1, 2016 – June 30, 2017. Outliers (black dots) denote concentrations outside error bars from higher discharge events. Median values are statistically different.

B A




August 2017

8

Discussion

While long term trends and loading rates cannot be established at this time, nutrient

concentration variability among land use types is evident for this first year of data. Higher

concentrations of nutrients from single family and high density residential land uses compared to

commercial land uses suggests higher urban fertilizer usage per acre in those areas. However,

other nutrient sources must be considered, as a P ban has been enacted in VA for urban fertilizer,

and the bulk of TN in the samples was organic N. The presence of the high fraction of organic N

is likely due to low flushing in some areas, resulting in accumulation of organic material.

Conversely, TSS did not vary from site to site, and in a preliminary comparison to other

monitoring programs across the state conducted by the USGS, TSS concentrations were lower in

the Coastal Plain. It is important to note that there are a wide range of concentrations for all

constituents at all sites, related to the flashiness of these systems in response to storm events.

Additionally, higher concentrations at higher density land uses may not translate into similarly

high loads, because drainage acreage and the degree of imperviousness of the land dictate the

volume of water delivered to the stormwater system (Schueler, 1994, Schueler, 2009).

A variety of factors will impact the amount of nutrients or sediments in urban runoff,

including antecedent rain events, rain duration and total volumes, storm frequency, time of year,

and of course land use (Brezonik & Stadelmann, 2002; Sonzogni et al., 1980). Over this first

Figure 9. Box and whisker plots of TSS concentrations for the three land use types for July 1, 2016 – June 30, 2017. Outliers (black dots) denote concentrations outside error bars from higher discharge events. Median values are significantly different.

0.1

0.2

0.30.4

0.6

1

2

34

6

10

20

3040

60

100

200

300400

600

1000

2000

Commercial High Density Residential Single Family

Land Use Commercial High Density Single Family Residential Residential


August 2017

9

year, it was evident that several individual storms can account for a large amount of annual

discharge, which could translate to high loads in a short time frame. As an example at one site,

three storms accounted for nearly 50% of the total annual flow, translating to 65% of the annual

sediment load. In typical stream systems, and on average in this stormwater monitoring program,

90% of the time flow is equal to or less than 1 ft3/s. Flows greater than that only occur 10% of

the time and are mostly related to larger storm events. It is the goal of this monitoring program to

factor in storm variability, base flow, and land use type over an extended period of time to

establish demonstrable loading rates in the Coastal Plain. This will provide valuable data to a

future version of the Chesapeake Bay watershed model (Phase 7) and contribute to current

calibrations of the Phase 6 model. Over the course of the next few years, localities will continue

to collaborate with USGS and HRSD to collect data and evaluate loading rates over the long

term.


August 2017

10

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volumes, loads, and pollutant concentrations from watersheds in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA. Water Research. 36, 1743-1757.

Schueler, T. 1994. The importance of imperviousness. Watershed Protection Techniques. 1(3), 100-111.

Schueler, T. R., L. Fraley-McNeal, K. Cappiella, 2009. Is impervious cover still important? Review of recent research. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 14(4)309-315. Sonzogni, W.C., G. Chesters, D.R. Coote, D.N. Jeffs, J.C. Konrad, R.C. Ostry, J.B. Robinson,

1980. Pollution from land runoff. Environmental Science & Technology. 14(2), 148-153. Wagner, R.J., R.W. Boulger Jr., C.J. Oblinger, and B.A. Smith, 2006. Guidelines and standard

procedures for continuous water-quality monitors—Station operation, record computation, and data reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1–D3, 51 p. + 8 attachments; accessed May 20, 2015, at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/tm1d3

http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/tm1d3