much ado about nothing? command relations in amphibious operations capt don inbody, usn
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Much Ado About Nothing?Much Ado About Nothing?
Command Relations in Amphibious Operations
CAPT Don Inbody, USN
![Page 2: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
“You can get your planes to do anything you want, but we can’t get the Air Force to do a goddam thing!”
Lt. Gen. Patton to VADM Hewitt
July 1943
![Page 3: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
At IssueAt Issue
What is the best command relationship between CATF and CLF?– OPCON Command (Doctrinal)– Support Command (Test)
Joint Pub 3-02Test Pub 3-02
![Page 4: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
OPCON CommandOPCON Command
OPCON COMMAND RELATIONSHIP CATF/CLF OPTION
JFC, Navy Component Commander, or JFMCC
CATF CLF
OPCON
Optional OPCON Relationship
PLANNING PHASE EXECUTION PHASE
CLF
CATF
JFC, Navy Component Commander, or JFMCC
![Page 5: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Support CommandSupport Command
S U P P O R T C O M M A N D R E L A T I O N S H I P
J F C , N a v y C o m p o n e n tC o m m a n d e r , o r J F M C C
C A T F C L F
O P C O N ( N o t e 1 )
P L A N N I N G P H A S E E X E C U T I O N P H A S E
J F C , N a v y C o m p o n e n tC o m m a n d e r , o r J F M C C
C L F C A T F
S u p p o r t
![Page 6: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Amphibious HistoryAmphibious History
Historical ExamplesExamine Command Relations
– Landing Force Commander– Navy Force Commander
Determine major contentious issues for the commanders
![Page 7: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Historical Examples (33)Historical Examples (33)
Veracruz Expedition Civil War Western
Campaign Gallipoli Guadalcanal North Africa Sicily Salerno New Guinea Campaign
(15 landings)
Tarawa (2 landings) Marianas (3 landings) Normandy Southern France Leyte Iwo Jima Okinawa Inchon
![Page 8: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Command Relations RegimesCommand Relations Regimes
Cooperation (Support Command)OPCON CommandExpeditionary OPCON
![Page 9: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
GallipoliGallipoli
Cooperation Technical problems with landingTechnical problems with C2No problems related to command
relations
![Page 10: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
GuadalcanalGuadalcanal
Expeditionary OPCON– Landing Force Opcon to ATF
Issue: CVs supporting ATFIssue: CATF Controlling movements
of landing force.
![Page 11: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SicilySicily
CooperationIssue: Air/CV SupportAirborne movements not
coordinated
![Page 12: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SalernoSalerno
Cooperation (Support Command)Withdrawal from landing beachIssue: Air Support (cooperative)CV Support
![Page 13: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
New Guinea CampaignNew Guinea Campaign
Cooperation (3 landings)OPCON (12 landings)Issue: CV support MacArthur presence (Strong CinC)
Mitigated command relations problems
![Page 14: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LeyteLeyte
OPCON CommandIssue: CV Support of ATF
![Page 15: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MarianasMarianas
OPCON CommandIssue: Corps Control of Separated
landings (resolved)
![Page 16: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Iwo JimaIwo Jima
Issue: Pre D-day NGFS– resolved for Okinawa
![Page 17: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SummarySummary
Relationship Landings IssuesCooperation 8 7Exp 1 2OPCON 24 13Totals 33 22
![Page 18: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cooperation (Support) IssuesCooperation (Support) Issues
Gallipoli C2 from ship to shoreNew Guinea CV Support (x3)Sicily Air/CV SupportSicily Airborne coordination
![Page 19: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Expeditionary OPCON IssuesExpeditionary OPCON Issues
Guadalcanal CV Support
![Page 20: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
OPCON Command IssuesOPCON Command Issues
Salerno Air SupportNew Guinea CV Support (x8)Marianas CLF Corps CmdLeyte CV SupportIwo Jima Pre D-day Fires
![Page 21: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Summary of IssuesSummary of Issues
Relationship Landings IssuesCooperation 10 3Exp 1 1OPCON 19 13
![Page 22: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ConclusionsConclusions
Air/CV Support is principal issue– Large carriers never under CATF
control– Land Based Air power not responsive to
CLF controlCATF & CLF relationship
– Different command relationship would not have solved most issues
![Page 23: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Conclusions (cont)Conclusions (cont)
Landing Force Commander must have equal access to higher headquarters
Strong JFC can mitigate coordination issues– JFC’s presence
• MacArthur (SWPA, Inchon)• Spruance
– Clear commander’s guidance
![Page 24: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conclusions (cont)Conclusions (cont)
CATF will ultimately support CLF
![Page 25: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Implications for Joint Force CdrImplications for Joint Force Cdr
JFC must provide clear guidance for air support
JFC must provide clear commander’s guidance to CLF and CATF
![Page 26: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Much Ado About Nothing?Much Ado About Nothing?
Maybe so...
![Page 27: Much Ado About Nothing? Command Relations in Amphibious Operations CAPT Don Inbody, USN](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bfbd1a28abf838ca23d2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
““Land Officers have no pretense Land Officers have no pretense to command at sea. Sea Officers to command at sea. Sea Officers have no pretense to command on have no pretense to command on land.”land.”Royal Navy Signal BookRoyal Navy Signal Book17441744