muhammed: prophet and messenger of allah - part one

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MUHAMMED:

PROPHET AND MESSENGER OF ALLAH

By

Yasin T. al-Jibouri


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PREFACE

We are pleased to present this book to our readers world-wide andsolicit their comments and suggestions not only about this book butabout other books by this author and recognized translator. Thefirst book by this author was titledFast of the Month of Ramadan:Philsophy and Ahkam. It was followed by Allah: The Concept ofGod by Islam then by Kerbala and Beyond. The author has also

translated a good number of books some of which have already been published while others are waiting for their turn to bepublished. The reader is advised to surf the Internet to see anextensive list of the books, works and translations, by this author.

Often, readers are interested in knowing who the author is, hisbackground, academic achievements, etc. In order to satisfy thiscuriosity, we are providing you here below with his bio-data:

Often, readers are interested in knowing who the author is, hisbackground, academic achievements, etc. In order to satisfy this

curiosity, we are providing you here below with his bio-data:

EDUCATION: Obtained his B.A. in English on June 30,1969 from the College of Arts, Baghdad University, and hisMaster's Degree in English from (then) Atlanta University(now Clark-Atlanta University), Atlanta, Georgia, onDecember 20, 1978. He obtained in March of 1988 aCertificate with Honors in Microprocessors andMicrocomputers from N.R.I. of Washington, D.C. He alsoobtained three Certificates in electronics and programming,

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including advanced programming. He wrote more than 100programs in dBASE.

* Taught English as a second language at high schools inIraq, a vocational institute in Saudi Arabia, and a Universityin the U.S.

* Edited and revised three English translations of the HolyQuran:1) by S.V. Mir Ahmed Ali,2) by A. Yusuf Ali, and3) by M.H. Shakir

* Edited several newsletters and magazines, including MiddleEast Business Magazine of which he became Senior Editor.Among the books he edited are:

1. Socio-Economic Justice with Particular Reference to

Nahjul-Balaghaby Dr. S.M. Waseem,2. A Biography of Leaders of Islam by Sayyid Ali Naqi

Naqwi, English translation by Dr. Sayyid Nazir HasanZaidi,

3. Your Kalima and the Saviorby Wajahat Hussain

* First person ever to translate works of the martyredeconomist Imam Ayatullah Muhammed Baqir al-Sadr suchas:

1) Contemporary Man and the Social Problem,2) A General Outlook at Rituals,

3) The General Bases of Banking in the Muslim Society, and4) What Do You Know About Islamic Economics?

* Translated and/or published numerous titles; among themare:1) A Biography of Muhammed Baqir al-Sadr,

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2) The Form of Islamic Government and Wilayat al-Faqeeh,

3) About the World Political Situation From a Muslims

Viewpoint,

4) Our Faithby Sayyid Muhammed Husain al-Jalali,5) A Biography of Imam al-Ridaby the late Marhoom

Shaikh Muhammed Jawad Fadlallah,

in addition to a large number of political tracts, pamphlets,translations, and newsletters.* Translated the following:

1) The first four volumes of the series titledAl-IslamRisalatuna,

2) Al-Muraja`at: A Shi`i-Sunni Dialogue, the first authenticEnglish translation ofAl-Murajaatby Imam SayyidSharafuddeen Sadrud-Deen al-Musawi,

3) Al-Shi a hum Ahl al-Sunnah by Dr. Muhammed al-Tijanial-Samawi,

4) Al-Maqtal(the martyrdom epic of Imam Husain) by Abdal-Razzaq al-Muqarram's book.

* Also translated the following titles originally authored inArabic by Rachad el-Moussaoui:

1) Best Month, Best Night;

2) The Book of Istikhara;

3) Weapon of the Prophets;

4) Miracles of the Holy Quran; and5) The Great Names of Allah (Asmaa Allah al-Husna).

These titles do not carry the Translator's name, however.

* Translated 2 books by the late Grand Ayatullah Muhammedal-Shirazi:1) Canon: A Glimpse at the Islamic Law,2) The Pathway to an Islamic Revival

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* Wrote articles forIslamic Monitor, bulletin of the IslamicResearch & Information Center

* Wrote eight books:

Author During College Days in Baghdad, Iraq

1) Volume One of his autobiography titled Memoirs of aShi`a Missionary in America: Two Decades of Da`wah,

2) Fast of the Month of Ramadan: Philosophy and Ahkam,

3) The Ninety-Nine Attributes of Allah,4) Mary and Jesus in Islam,5) Allah: The Concept of God in Islam,6) Muhammed: The Prophet and Messenger of Allah (thisbook),7) Ghadir Khumm: Where Islam was Perfected, and

8)Kerbala and Beyond

The author founded the Islamic Society of Georgia, Inc.(Atlanta, Georgia) in 1973, the Islamic Revival Movement in1980, the International Islamic Society of Virginia, Inc. in1982, and theIraq News Monitorin 1992. EditedIslamic

Affairs from January 1974 till June 1989.

New translations by al-Jibouri have recently been published. Theirtitles are: 1) Al-Siraj: The Lantern, 2) Kashf al-Reeba an Ahkam

al-Gheeba: Removal of Doubt about Rulings Relevant toBackbiting, 3) Riyaa wa Ujub: Pretension and Conceitand 4)Uswat al-Arifeen: A Role Model for Those Who Know. Ansariyanhopes to publish more such books.

Now you can write your own book about this guy!

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PART I

MUHAMMED: BACKGROUND ANDIMMEDIATE FAMILY

INTRODUCTIONTo know Allh is know His creation, and the best of His creation isMuhammed, Prophet and Messenger of Allh, peace and blessingsof Allh be upon him and his progeny, the one loved most byAllh. To love Muhammed is to love Allh, and to love Allh is tolove Muhammed. Whoever loves Muhammed is loved by Allh,and whoever is loved by Allh will have nothing to worry about.And how can anyone notlove Muhammed unless he is sick in theheart and in the mind, sick with prejudice and arrogance, withignorance and conceit?!

One who studies the life of this greatest personality that everwalked on the face of earth will come to realize why he is so muchloved by the Almighty, why he is so holy, so pure, so refined. Suchknowledge, it is hoped, will benefit the Muslims who wish tofollow in his footsteps and be gathered in his company on the Dayof Judgment; this is the ultimate desire and hope of every truebeliever. May Allh count us and your own self among them,Allhomma Aameen.

PROPHET'S GENEALOGYHe is Muhammed ibn (son of) Àbdullah ibn Àbdul-Muttalib ibnHashim ibn Àbd Munaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murrah ibn


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Ka`b ibn ibn Ghalib ibn Fahr ibn Malik ibn Nadar ibn Kinanah ibnKhuzaymah ibn Mudrikah ibn Ilyas ibn Mazar ibn Nazar ibnMaàd ibn Àdnan ibn Ismaèel (Ishmael) ibn Ibrahim (Abraham),peace and blessings of Allh be upon him, his progeny, andrighteous ancestors, especially his great grandfathers Ismaèel andIbrahim.

PROPHET'S IMMEDIATE FAMILY

PROPHET'S GRANDFATHERSHshim ibn Àbd Manf

Al-Mualib ibn Àbd Manf, from him come the Mualibis. Imamal-Shfiì was one of them.

Nawfalibn Àbd Manf; from him, the Nawfalis descend.

Àbd Shams ibn Àbd Manf; from him descend the Umayyads.

Àbdul-Mualibibn Hshim. He was called "Shaybatul-amd"(gray of praise) because he was born with some gray hair. Whilereturning home from a visit to his maternal relatives, Banu Najjr,the boy rode behind al-Mualib. The Quraishis asked him, "Who isthis boy?" The uncle (jestingly) said "This is my slave;"henceforth, he was called "Mualib's slave" (Àbdul-Mualib). Theexact date of birth of Àbdul-Muttalib is unknown; he died in 578A.D. when the Prophet () was eight years old. When he prayedfor rain, invoking the name of Allh's Blessed Messenger (), the

little one, his prayers were answered.

PROPHET'S FATHERÀbdullhibn Àbdul-Mualib (545 - 570 A.D.). The BlessedProphet's father, Àbdullh ibn Àbdul-Mualib, was born in 545A.D., 25 years before the Year of the Elephant. Abu Tlib and az-Zubair were his brothers by the same father and mother. So werethe girls, except afiyya. When his father died, the Prophet of Allh-) was two months old, though reports about this differ. Àbdul)Mualib loved Àbdullh immensely because he was the best of his

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children, the most chaste and the most noble among them. OnceÀbdul-Mualib sent his son on business, and when the caravanpassed by Yathrib (Medina), Àbdullh died there. He was buriedin the house of Arqam ibn Ibrhim ibn Surqah al-Àdawi.

PROPHET'S FOSTER FATHERAl-rith, the Prophet's foster father and husband of alima, son of

Àbd al-Ùzza ibn Rifàh ibn Milln ibn Nirah ibn Fuayya ibnNar ibn Sa`d ibn Bakr ibn Hawzin.

PROPHET'S FOSTER MOTHERSThawbiyya, the Prophet's foster mother. She was a bondmaid ofAbu Lahab, the paternal uncle of the Messenger of Allh (). Shebreast-fed him with the milk of her son Masruh.

Halima, the Prophet's foster mother. She was the daughter of "AbuThu'aib" Àbdullh ibn Shajnah ibn Jbir ibn Rizm ibn Nirah ibnSa`d ibn Bakr ibn Hawzin al-Qaisi. She breast-fed the Messenger

of Allh () with the milk of her son Àbdullh and reared him (.(.) for four years (till the year 574 A.D

PROPHET'S PATERNAL UNCLESThe Prophet's paternal uncles are the offspring of Àbdul-Mualibibn Hshim. These are:

Abu lib. His mother was Fima al-Quraishiya daughter of Àmribn Makhzum. She was the mother of the Prophet's fatherÀbdullh and also the mother of Zubair and of all daughters ofÀbdul-Mualib. Called "al-Mumalliq", he undertook the

guardianship of the Prophet (). He was son of Àbdul-Mualib.

Al-Àbbs ibn Àbdul-Mualib (567 - 655 A.D.). He left behindhim offspring, and he used to be called "Abul-Fal" (father of al-Fal). His mother was called "Umm irr". He was older than theMessenger of Allh (). He was born 30 year before the Year ofthe Elephant. His mother's full name was: Qubaila daughter ofHyyn ibn Kulaib ibn Àmr ibn `mir ibn Sa`d ibn Khazraj ibnTaim ibn Allt ibn An-Nimr ibn Qsi ibn Haib ibn Quayy ibnDa`mi ibn Judailah ibn Asad ibn Rabiàh al-Faras ibn Nizr ibn

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Maàdd ibn Àdnn. Al-Àbbs was three years older than theProphet of Allh (). The Messenger of Allh () loved hisuncle Àbbs and held him in high esteem. While in Mecca withthe idol-worshipers, Àbbs kept his faith secret, but he joined theÀqaba group in swearing the oath of allegiance to the Messengerof Allh (). When Mecca was conquered by the Muslims (630A.D.), Àbbs openly declared his belief in Islam and took part in

the battles of Hunain, a-'if and Tabuk. Chivalrous and noble, hestood by the Blessed One in the Battle of unain, holding the reinsof the Prophet's mule, demonstrating the zenith of steadfastnessand courage. During his caliphate, Òmer ibn al-Khab placed himin charge of water provisions which, till then, had been the task ofhis brother, Abu lib. Àbbs spent 56 years of his life during thepre-Islamic period ofjahiliyya, ignorance, and 32 years in Islam.Every time Òmer ibn al-Khab and Ùthmn ibn Àffn cameacross him during their caliphate, they paid him their profoundrespect.

Hamzah (566 - 625 A.D.). His father was Àbdul-Mualib and hismother Hla daughter of Uhaib ibn Àbd Manf ibn Zuhrah ibnKilb. Hamzah was nicknamed "Abu Ya`li" and also "AbuÀmmr". He was four years older than the Messenger of Allh (). Through him, Allh strengthened Islam when he accepted thefaith. He declared his faith in the second year of the revelation(611 A.D.). However, it is also said that he embraced Islam in thesixth year of the Blessed Prophet's calling (616 A.D.). Ibn Àbd al-Br says, "I do not think it is correct that he was four years olderthan the Messenger of Allh () (i.e. born in 568 A.D.) becausehe was his foster brother. They were both breast-fed by

Thawbiyya, a bondmaid of Abu Lahab, who did not live long to bea Muslim except that she might have breast-fed them during twodifferent periods." It is also said that Hamzah was only two yearsolder than the Messenger of Allh () (i.e. born in 568 A.D.). Hetook part in the Battle of Badr (624 A.D.) and was graced by Allhfor his good performance that made him become a hero. He killedÙqbah ibn Rabiàh in a duel, but it is also said that he killedShaibah and Tu`mah ibn Ùdayy, both of whom he killed in a duel.It is also said that he killed ab ibn al-Khuzì, but some say hekilled him during the Battle of Uud before he himself was killed.

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In the Battle of Uhud (625 A.D.), Hamzah was martyred at thehands of Washi ibn Harb, the Ethiopian slave of Jubair ibn Muìmibn Ùdayy whose uncle, u`mah ibn Ùdayy, Hamzah had killed.Washi killed amzah according to his master's orders. It is also saidthat lying in ambush for amzah, Washi attacked him with a spearand pierced it all through him, causing him a quick death. MayAllh be pleased with amzah. As soon as he was martyred, Hind

daughter of Ùtbah ibn Rabiàh had sworn to seek revenge onHamzah because, some say, he had killed her father during theBattle of Badr. She promised to emancipate Washi if he would killamzah. Once amzah was killed, she went to his corpse and chewedhis liver then mutilated his body. amzah was shrouded in a gownthen buried after the Messenger of Allh had prayed seventy timefor him as he lied in state with other martyrs.Àbd al-Ka`ba. His father was Àbdul-Mualib. There are somescholars who omit Àbd al-Ka`ba's name, saying that he and al-Muqawwim were one and the same person.

Hajal (or Hijl). His real name was Mughirah, and he had nochildren. His father was Àbdul-Mualib, and his mother was alsothe mother of Hamzah.

Qatham ibn Àbdul-Mualib. His mother was Umm al-rith andhis father Àbdul-Mualib. He died young.

Al-Hrith ibn Àbdul-Mualib. Al-rith had children. His motherwas Samr' daughter of Jundab ibn Hujair ibn Ri'b ibn Surt ibn`mir ibn aààh ibn Qais ibn Àbdul-Mualib. His father got his

nickname "Mualib" because of him. Together they dug the well ofZamzam.

Az-Zubair ibn Àbdul-Mualib. He is known by his nickname"Abu hir"; he left no children behind. His father was Àbdul-Mualib ibn Hshim.

Dirr ibn Àbdul-Mualib. He left no descendants. When he losthis way during a pilgrimage season, causing his mother to almostlose her mind fearing for his life, she made an oath to clothe the

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Ka`ba if Allh returned him to her, and a man of Juthm broughthim back.

Al-Muqawwim. His father was Àbdul-Mualib.

Al-Ghaidq. His father was Àbdul-Mualib. Some scholars omital-Ghaidq's name, saying that he was none other than Hajal (or

Hijl). In either case, he left no offspring. Some say that al-Ghaidq's real name was Nawfal.

Abu Lahab, nicknamed "Àbd al-Ùzza", ibn Àbdul-Mualib.His father was Àbdul-Mualib and his mother was Lubna daughterof Hajar ibn Àbd Manf ibn Shir ibn Habshah ibn Sallul ibnKa`b ibn Àmr al-Khuzì. Abu Lahab died an apostate and wasone of the most hostile of all enemies of the Prophet ().

PROPHET'S PATERNAL AUNTSafiyya daughter of Àbdul-Mualib. Her mother, Hla daughter of

Uhaib, was also the mother of Hamzah, al-Muqawwim and Hajal.Among the Blessed Prophet's paternal aunts, only afiyya embracedIslam, may Allh be pleased with her, as some historians say, yetthere is no difference of opinion about her conversion. She was thewife of Àwwm ibn al-Khuwailid, brother of Khadija, Mother ofthe Believers, peace be with her. Az-Zubair ibn al-Àwwm is sonof the above-mentioned afiyya, a disciple of the Messenger ofAllh (). She also gave birth to al-S'ib who was martyred atYamma. She is buried in al-Baqi` and her well-known grave isfamous among the people of Medina. It is said that except forherself, no other paternal aunt of the Blessed Prophet ()

embraced Islam, although some say that Arwa and `tika alsoconverted.

`tika daughter of Àbdul-Mualib. She was married to AbuUmayyah al-Mughirah ibn Àbdillh ibn Makhzum ibn Yaqaah ibnTaim ibn Murrah ibn Ka`b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghlib ibn Fahr, thelatter known as Quraish. She gave birth by him to Àbdullh,Zuhair, and Qaribat al-Kubra.

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Umaima daughter of Àbdul-Mualib (d. 685 A.D.). Her motherwas the mother of both Àbdullh and Abu lib. She gave birth toal-Jash ibn Ri'b ibn Ya`mur ibn abrah ibn Murrah ibn Ghunm ibnThudn ibn Asad ibn Khuzaimah. She also gave birth to Àbdullh,who became a martyr during the battle of Uud, and to "AbuAmad", the blind poet, whose name was Àbd, and who migratedto Medina. Another son of hers was Ùbaidullh who converted to

Christianity in Ethiopia. He was the one who advised the BlessedProphet's Companions to migrate to Ethiopia. Umaima also gavebirth to Zainab (daughter of Jahsh), wife of Allh's BlessedProphet. Prior to that marriage, which was done according to aDivine Order, she was married to Zaid ibn Hrithah who wasraised by the Prophet, and to Habiba, who married Àbdur-Ramnibn Àwf, but had no children. Umaima also gave birth to Hamnadaughter of Jash who married Musàb ibn Ùmair ibn Hshim. ButAllh knows best.

Barra daughter of Àbdul-Mualib ibn Hshim. Her mother was

the mother of Àbdullh, Abu lib and Az-Zubair. She was marriedto Àbd al-Asad ibn Hill ibn Àbdillh ibn Àmr ibn Makhzum.She bore him "Abu Salamah" Àbdullh. After him she married"Abu Rahm" ibn Àbd al-Ùzza ibn Abu Qais ibn Àbd Wudd ibnNar ibn Mlik ibn Hisl al-`miri, and she bore him Abu abra.Allh knows best.

Arwa daughter of Àbdul-Mualib. Her mother was the mother ofÀbdullh, Abu Tlib, and Fima daughter of Àmr ibn `bid ibnÙmrn ibn Makhzum. Arwa's husband was Ùmair ibn Wahb ibnÀbd Manf ibn Àbd ad-Dr ibn Quayy ibn Kilb ibn Murrah ibn

Ka`b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghlib ibn Fahr, to whom she bore ulaib, whowas among the first to migrate. He was at Badr and remainedchildless. She also gave birth to al-Kaldah ibn Hshim ibn ÀbdManf ibn Àbd ad-Dr ibn Quayy ibn Fima.

Umm Hakim al-Bai' daughter of Àbdul-Mualibibn Hshim.Her mother was the mother of Àbdullh, father of the Messengerof Allh (), and the mother of Abu lib. She married Kuthayyiribn Habib ibn Rabiàh ibn Àbd Shams ibn Àbd Manf. She borehim `mir and Umm alah, whose real name was Arnab, and Arwa,

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the mother of Ùthmn ibn Àffn and who was one of the Tenwho swore allegiance to the Messenger of Allh ().

PROPHET'S MATERNAL UNCLESÀbdullh ibn Arqam ibn al-Aswad ibn Àbd Yaghuth. Hismother was Hind daughter of Mzin ibn `mir ibn Àlqamat al-Yemen. There was an occasion when the Messenger of Allh ()

made Àbdullh his scribe. During the caliphate of Òmer,Àbdullh supervised the treasury.

Abu Wahab ibn Àbd Manfibn Zuhrah ibn Kilb, brother ofmina, mother of the Messenger of Allh () from her father'sside. His mother was aùfa daughter of Hshim ibn Àbd Manfibn Quayy ibn Kilb ibn Murrah ibn Nizr. He is the one to whomthe name of al-Miqdd ibn al-Aswad al-Kindi is attributed. Thelatter's real name was al-Miqdd ibn Òmer al-Nahrawni, ofBuhr' of Quàh. The one referred to as "al-Aswad" had marriedal-Miqdd's mother and adopted al-Miqdd, making an alliance

with him during the time ofjhiliyya, so he came to be known as"al-Miqdd ibn al-Aswad." He is called "al-Kindi" (of the Kindahtribe) because his father, Àsmi ibn Tha`labah, was an ally ofKindah.

Al-Aswad ibn Àbd Yaghuth, "Abu Wahab", ibn Àbd Manf ibnZuhrah ibn Kilb. Àbd Yaghuth and Amina, the Blessed Prophet'smother, were born for the same father. His mother was aùfadaughter of Hshim ibn Àbd Manf ibn Quayy ibn Kilb ibnMurrah ibn Nizr. This Aswad is the one to whom the lineage ofal-Miqdd ibn al-Aswad al-Kindi has been linked. He is also called

al-Miqdd ibn Òmer al-Nahrawni of Buhr' of Quàh. Aswadmarried al-Miqdd's mother and adopted him as his son. That wasin (the pre-Islamic era of) ignorance. When he left Mecca seekingrefuge in Ethiopia, he was joined by six other persons. He wascalled al-Miqdd ibn al-Aswad, also al-Kindi, because his father,Àsmi ibn Tha`labah, was an ally of the Kindah tribe.

PROPHET'S FOSTER BROTHERS AND SISTERS

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Unaisa. Her mother was Halima as-Sa`diyya daughter of AbuThu'aib, and her father was al-Hrith ibn Àbd al-Ùzza, a paternalcousin of Halima, the Blessed Prophet's foster mother.

Àbdullh. His mother was Halima as-Sa`diyya daughter of AbuThu'aib. He was son of al-Hrith ibn Àbd al-Ùzza, a paternalcousin of Halima, the Prophet's foster mother.

Khuthma. Her mother was Halima daughter of Abu Thu'aibÀbdullh ibn al-Hrith ibn Shijnah ibn Jbir ibn Razzm ibnNirah ibn Fuayyah, mentioned in the lineage of her husband, andshe was the foster-mother of Allh's messenger ().

Masruh. His mother was Thawbiyya, the bondmaid of "AbuLahab" (father of the flame) Àbd al-Ùzza ibn Àbdul-Mualib,paternal uncle of the Messenger of Allh (). It was the milk forMasru from which the Messenger of Allh () was fed.

Hamzah. He was a son of Àbdul-Mualib, paternal uncle of theMessenger of Allh (). Before it was the turn of the Messengerof Allh (), Hamzah was breast-fed by Thawbiyya, bondmaid ofAbu Lahab who was a paternal uncle of the Messenger of Allh (). Hamzah was four years older than his foster brother, theProphet ().

Muslamah. He was the son of Àbd al-Asad al-Makhzumi, thehusband of Umm Salamah, mother of the Believers. He was breast-fed by Thawbiyya, bondmaid of Abu Lahab, paternal uncle of theMessenger of Allh (). She was feeding him four years before

she began feeding the Prophet ().

DESCENDANTS OF THE PROPHET'S PATERNALUNCLESCommander of the Faithful Ali ibn Abu lib (600 - 661 A.D.).Among his offspring are the libis and Ja`feris. A man of manyvirtues, Ali ibn Abu lib was the "brother of the Messenger ofAllh ()", his paternal cousin and son-in-law and right hand, theImm of the righteous. He used to be nicknamed "Abu Turb", theman who humbles himself in the dust. Due to his courage, he was

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also called "Haidara", the Lion. He was born inside Allh's HolyHouse, the Ka`ba, in Mecca, according to some reports, on the13th of Rajab in the year 30 of the Elephant (600 A.D.). Attackedon the 19th of the month of Raman in the year 40 A.H., whichcorresponded to January 29, 661 A.D., he died during the night ofthe 21st. (January 31, 661 A.D.). He was killed by Àbdur-Rahmnibn Muljim al-Murdi, may Allh curse him. During the battle of

Badr, an angel called out, full of admiration: "There is no swordlike Thul-Fiqr and no knight like Ali!"

lib ibn Abu lib.

Àqil ibn Abu lib. He was ten years older than the Commanderof the Faithful. Àqil was killed during the reign of Mu`wiyah.

Ja`fer ibn Abu lib. Nicknamed "the Flying One" (al-ayyr), hedied a martyr in the Battle of Mu'ta (629 A.D.).

Umm Hni daughter of Abu lib.

ulaib ibn Abu lib. He narrated the biography of the Prophet ().

Hamna daughter of Abu lib. She was one of those who sworethe oath of allegiance to the Prophet () in 622 A.D. She gavebirth to al-Hrith and Àbdul-Mualib by her cousin (husband).

Àbdullh ibn Àbbs, the scholar of this nation. Àbdullh wasborn in 619 A.D., three years before the Hegira (migration fromMecca to Medina) in the Shi`b (of Abu lib). This was before the

Hshimi clan had left (following the end of the siege enforced onthe Prophet () and his clansmen by Quraish). When theMessenger of Allh () died, Àbdullh was fifteen years old.

Kathir ibn Àbbs (b. 618 A.D.). He and his brother Àbdullh,the renown scholar, were of the same mother. Kathir was one yearyounger than Àbdullh.

Saùd ibn Àbbs. He and his brother Àbdullh were of the samemother. Saùd died as a martyr in Africa, leaving children behind.

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Al-Fal ibn Àbbs. He begot one daughter.

Qatham ibn Àbbs. He and his brother Àbdullh, the Islamicnation's scholar, were by the same mother. Qatham died as amartyr in Samarkand.

Al-Hrith ibn Àbbs. He had offspring. His mother belonged toBanu Hill.

Àbdur-Ramn ibn Àbbs. He and his brother Àbdullh wereof the same mother. He had no offspring.

Safiyya daughter of Àbbs

mina daughter of Àbbs

Tamm ibn Àbbs. He and his brother Kathir were of the same

mother. Tamm had no offspring.

Mihrab ibn Àbbs. He and Sub were of the same mother. Mihrabhad no offspring.

Subh ibn Àbbs. His mother was a bondswoman. He had nooffspring.

Umm Habiba daughter of Àbbs

Àbdullh ibn az-Zubair. He died without leaving any offspring.

He stood firmly on the Prophet's side in the Battle of Hunain. Hismother, `tika al-Makhzumiya, was the daughter of Abu Wahab.Àbdullh died a martyr's death during the battle of Ajnadainduring the reign of Abu Bakr.

hir ibn az-Zubair. He was among the most victorious of theyoung warriors of Quraish, even of the Hashimites. The Messengerof Allh () named his own son, a-Thir, after him. He had nochildren.

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Umm Hakim daughter of az-Zubair

Sunà daughter of az-Zubair. She was married to Rabiàh ibnal-Hrith ibn Àbdul-Mualib. unà is one of the companions,sahaba, to whom we owe reports about the Prophet (). MayAllh be pleased with her.

Àbdullh ibn al-Hrith, the Prophet's paternal uncle. His namewas "Servant of the Sun" (Àbd Shams), but the Messenger ofAllh () called him "Servant of Allh" (Àbdullh). He diedduring the Prophet's lifetime and had no offspring.

Abu Sufyn ibn al-Hrith al-Mughirah, the poet. He was one ofthose who stood firmly by the Prophet () when other people fledaway.

Umayya daughter of al-Hrith

Arwa daughter of al-Hrith. She married Abu Wadàh ibnabrah ibn Sa`d as-Sahmi and gave birth to al-Mualib, Abu Sufynand Abu Wadàh. After marrying Hill, she gave birth to Òmer.

Nawfal ibn al-Hrith (his father was al-rith). Nawfal was olderthan both his paternal uncles, Hamzah and al-Àbbs, and alsoolder than his own two brothers. He was among those who stoodby the Messenger of Allh () during the battle of Hunain.Nawfal had children.

Rabiàh ibn al-Hrith. He used to be called "Abu Rawà". He

was older than both his paternal uncles, amzah and al-Àbbs. Hedid not witness the battle against the idol-worshippers at Badr,because he was in Syria at that time. Every year he used to providethe Prophet () with food and drink. He died during the reign ofÒmer.

Ùmrah ibn Hamzah. His wife was Ruqayya, step-daughter ofthe Messenger of Allh (), and he had no children.

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Fima daughter of Hamzah. She was married to the renownedMiqdd al-Aswad al-Bahrni, also known as al-Kindi. She narrateddetails about the Blessed Prophet's life.

Ya`li ibn Hamzah

Qurra daughter of Hajal

Hind daughter of al-Muqawwim

Ùtbah ibn Abu Lahab

Ùtaibah ibn Abu Lahab

Tharra daughter of Abu Lahab

Khlida daughter of Abu Lahab

Ghurra daughter of Abu Lahab. She was married to Awf ibnUmayyah ibn Hrithah ibn al-Awqa.

Muàttib ibn Abu Lahab. He embraced Islam on the conquest ofMecca (in 630 A.D.). The Messenger of Allh () prayed for him,and Muàttib stood by him during the battle of unain in the courseof which he lost an eye.

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CHILDREN OF THE PROPHET'S PATERNAL AUNTSÀbd al-Ka`ba son of az-Zubair and afiyya, the Prophet'spaternal aunt.

Umm Habib daughter of az-Zubair and Safiyya

As-S'ib son of Az-Zubair and Safiyya. As-S'ib participated in

the Battle of Uhud and in all other battles of the Messenger ofAllh (). He died a martyr's death during the battle of Yamma.May Allh be pleased with him.

The father of all the three was az-Zubair ibn al-Àwwm ibnKhuwailid ibn Àbd al-Ùzza ibn Quayy ibn Kilb, brother ofKhadija, may Allh be pleased with both of them. Khadija was theBlessed Prophet's first wife.

Az-Zubair ibn Safiyya. He and the Commander of the Faithful,Ali, were born in the same year (600 A.D.). He stood by the

Prophet () in the Battle of Hunain (630 A.D.), and, according tosome reports, the Messenger of Allh () said, "Every prophethas a disciple, and my disciple is az-Zubair." Az-Zubair took partin the Battle of Badr. He also participated in the Battle of theCamel. There, he fought for an hour, but when he saw Ali, he wentover to him and remembered what the Messenger of Allh ()had told both of them when he made them commit themselves toone another: "One day you will fight Ali, and you will betransgressing against him." Reminded of those words, Az-Zubairwithdrew from the battleground, followed by Ibn JarmuzÀbdullh, others say Òmer, or Òmer as-Sa`d, who killed him in

a place known as the Lions' Valley. He brought his sword to Aliwho said to him, "Be forewarned, O killer of afiyya's son, ofhellfire!" This happened on a Thursday, the 10th of Jumda al-Awwal of the year 36 A.H. (November 7, 656 A.D.).

Qurnabah ibn Àbdullh ibn `tika. His grandmother `tika wasthe Prophet's paternal aunt. He was one of the fiercest enemies ofthe Muslims, opposing the Prophet and rebelling against Allh.Qurnabah is the one who said to the Prophet, "We shall not believein you even if you made a well gush forth for us from under the

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earth." Later he went out toward Medina in search of the Prophet () who happened to be heading in the other direction towardsMecca. This was in the Year of the Conquest of Mecca. They metbetween Shaqiyah and al-Àraj, but when the Prophet () sawQurnabah, he turned his face away from him.

Zuhairibn `tika. Hhis grandmother, `tika, was the Prophet's

paternal aunt. He was one of those whose heart was won for Islamearly on. His father was Òmer ibn Wahab ibn Àbd al-Ùzza ibnQuayy ibn Kilb. Zuhair migrated to Ethiopia (in 615 A.D.). Thenhe participated in the Battle of Badr (in 624 A.D.). One of theProphet's best companions, he died a martyr's death, may Allh bepleased with him. Zuhair had no children.

Tulaib ibn Arwa, the Prophet's paternal aunt. He used to be calledAbu Àdiyy.

Fima daughter of ulaib ibn Arwa. Her grandmother, Arwa, was

the Prophet's paternal aunt. Her father was Kaldah ibn ÀbdManf ibn Àbd ad-Dr ibn Quayy ibn Kilb.

Hamna daughter of Abu Amad, the man who participated inboth migrations to Abyssinia.

Ùbaidullh ibn Abu Ahmad, the man who went on bothmigrations, son of Àbdullh "the one Mutilated in the Path ofAllh" son of Umaima, the Prophet's paternal aunt. He convertedto Christianity in Ethiopia and died there as a Christian. His wife,Umm Habiba, daughter of Abu Sufyn, had a daughter by him.

The Messenger of Allh () married her.

Umm Habiba daughter of Abu Ahmad, the man who went onboth migrations, son of Àbdullh "the one Mutilated in the Path ofAllh" son of Umaima, the Prophet's paternal aunt. Her father is al-Hrith ibn Harb ibn Umayyah ibn Àbd Shams. She was married toMuàb ibn Ùmayr ibn Hshim ibn Àbd Manf ibn Àbd ad-Dribn Quayy, who was killed in the Battle of Uhud. She then marriedalah ibn Àbdillh.

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Zainab daughter of Abu Ahmad, the man who went on bothmigrations, son of Àbdullh "the one Mutilated in the Path ofAllh" son of Umaima, the Prophet's paternal aunt. Zainab was thewife of the Prophet () about whom Allh said in His revelation:"When Zaid had dissolved (his marriage) with her..." (Qur'n,33:39).

Àbdullh "the one Mutilated in the Path of Allh" son ofUmaima, the Prophet's paternal aunt. Àbdullh was among thefirst to migrate (to Ethiopia), taking part in both migrations. Hewas martyred in the Battle of Uhud and people said about him thathe was mutilated in the path of Allh. As his sword was snatchedaway from him, the Prophet () gave him a date-stalk. In his handit turned into a sword which he held unflinchingly; it was thencalled "the Help." Their father was Jash ibn Ri'b ibn Ya`mur ibnabrah ibn Murrah al-Asad.

Umm Talhah daughter of `mir ibn al-Bai'. Her grandmother,

al-Bai' ("the white one"), was the Prophet's paternal aunt.

Arwa daughter of `mir ibn al-Bai'. Her grandmother, al-Bai',was the Prophet's paternal aunt.

Abu Shabrah ibn Barra, the Prophet's paternal aunt. His fatherwas Abu Rahm ibn Àbd al-Ùzza ibn Abu Qais ibn Àbd Waddibn Nar ibn Mlik ibn Hisl ibn `mir ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghlib ibnFahr (the latter is known as Quraish). He took part in bothmigrations to Abyssinia (Ethiopia). The Messenger of Allh ()joined him in brotherhood to Salamah. Abu Shabrah had children.

Àbd al-Asad ibn Hill ibn Àbdillh ibn Òmer ibn Makhzum,nicknamed "Abu Salamah". He migrated to Ethiopia (in 615 A.D.)with his wife Umm Salamah daughter of Abu Umaima al-Makhzumi, daughter of his paternal uncle. Having participated inboth migrations, he took part in the Battle of Badr and was fatallywounded at Uhud, dying afterwards of his wounds.

PROPHET'S CHILDREN

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1) the Prophet's son Ibrhim, 2) the Prophet's son `Abdullh; 3) theProphet's son al-Qsim; 4) the Prophet's daughter or stepdaughterZainab (d. 629 A.D.); 5) the Prophet's stepdaughter Ruqayya (d.624 A.D.), 6) the Prophet's stepdaughter Umm Kulthum (d. 630A.D.); 7) the Prophet's daughter Fima, peace be upon her and herprogeny.

CHILDREN OF THE PROPHET'S DAUGHTERS, ANDTHOSE AMONG THEM WHO HAD DESCENDANTSImm al-Hasan, peace be with him, was born in mid-Raman inthe year three of the Hegira (March 3, 625 A.D.). The Messengerof Allh () slaughtered a ram to celebrate the occasion, and heshaved his head, as he also shaved usain's head. He weighed theirhair and distributed their weight in silver as charity among thepoor. Fima then became pregnant with usain. It is said that Husainwas born when the Messenger of Allh () returned from Badr.According to some reports, this took place sixteen or seventeenmonths after the battle of Badr. Perhaps it was after Uhud because

Ali, the Commander of the Faithful, married Fima four monthsafter that. Allh knows best. The name al-Hasan ("the good one")was bestowed upon him by the Archangel Gabriel who brought itto the Messenger of Allh () in a piece of cloth made of the silkof Paradise. His brother's name, al-Husain ("al-asan Junior"), wasderived from the name "al-asan". The Blessed One called him "al-Hasan" in analogy to Shabar son of Aaron, brother of prophetMoses.

Imm Husain; he was born in the fourth Hijri year (626 A.D.),although it is also said that it was in the year 5 (627 A.D.). The

Messenger of Allh () celebrated usain's birth by slaughtering aram as he had done on the occasion of his brother's birth. Amongall people, Imm usain was the one who resembled the Messengerof Allh () the most. May Allh be pleased with him. He wasmartyred on a Friday, the 10th of Muharram of the year 61 A.H.(corresponding to October 13, 680 A.D.), at a place calledKerbal', in the vicinity of Kufa, Iraq. The place is also known asa-aff. His head was cut off by Shimr ibn Thul-Jawshan a-Dubbi.Shimr was a leper. The commander of the troop that killed himwas `Omer ibn Sa`d ibn Abu Waqq az-Zuhri.

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Umm Kulthum granddaughter of the Prophet. She is daughter ofthe Prophet's daughter Fima. Her father was the Commander ofthe Faithful, Ali ibn Abu lib, may Allh be pleased with him.Òmer ibn al-Khab asked for her hand in marriage, so Alientrusted her guardianship to her uncle, Àbbs. Òmer ibn al-Khab then married her, according to some reports. It is also

narrated that she gave birth before the death of the Prophet ().For this reason, Ibn Àbdillh an-Nimri, in a book which he wroteabout the Prophet's companions, has counted her among those whowere born during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allh ().Òmer asked for her hand. He said to Ali, "O Abul-asan! Give herto me in marriage. I shall take care of her honor as nobody elsedoes." Ali's answer was: "I am going to send her to you. If you likeher, I shall marry her to you." He then sent her to him with agarment, telling her that she should say to him that this was thegarment he had told him about. She did what she was told, andÒmer said, "Tell him that I like it." Allh knows best.

Muhsin, grandson of the Prophet's daughter Fima. It is said thathe was miscarried. If you wish to know the whole tragic storyabout Muhsin, read one of my translations titled Tragedy of(Fatima) al-Zahra written by Ayatullah Allamah Sayed Ja'farMurtadha Al-'Amili and published by Imam Hussain Foundationof Beirut, Lebanon. A number of Internet websites post some or allof this translation.

Zainab daughter of the Prophet's daughter Fima. She marriedÀbdullh ibn Ja`fer "the Flying One" son of Abu lib and gave

birth by him to Ja`fer, Àwn al-Akbar, Umm Kulthum, and Ali,who had offspring. His descendants are called the Zainabis becauseof their mother. Whatever this Zainab narrated about her mother,Fima, has been mentioned by Yaya ibn al-Hasan ibn Ja`fer al-Àbdi, the genealogist, who wrote the bookThe Best People ofMedina. May peace and blessings be upon the city's inhabitants.

Àbdullh son of the Prophet's daughter Ruqayya. Some scholarsemphatically claim that Ruqayya was a stepdaughter of theProphet, that she was daughter of his first wife, Khadija, who had

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twice married before marrying the Prophet. This book will laterdiscuss Khadija and introduce you to both her husbands and theiroffspring. Àbdullh son of Ruqayya was born in Ethiopia duringhis mother's sojourn in that country where she stayed with herhusband Ùthmn ibn Àffn, the Umayyad ruler. The child stayedin Medina until the age of two, according to other reports until theage of six. While he was playing in his father's house, a cock

picked him in his eye, causing a swelling of his face from which hethen died. The Messenger of Allh () led the funeral prayers forhim and buried him.

Ali son of the Prophet's daughter (or stepdaughter) Zainab. Hisfather was Ibn al-` Laqi ibn ar-Rabi` ibn Àbd al-Ùzza ibn ÀbdShams ibn Àbd Manf. He was a maternal cousin of Zainabdaughter (or stepdaughter) of the Messenger of Allh () becausehis mother was the maternal aunt of Khadija daughter ofKhuwailid. Ali ibn Zainab was nursed with the Banu `. TheMessenger of Allh () then took him home, saying that as a

close relative he had a greater right to the child because in thosedays the boy's father was still an idol worshipper. But the childdied before the age of puberty.

Umma daughter of the Prophet's daughter (or stepdaughter)Zainab. Her father was the above-mentioned Ibn al-` ibn ar-Rabi`. The Messenger of Allh () loved her a lot and may havecarried her on his neck during prayers. Once someone presentedhim with a necklace of onyx, but he said that this was for her.Allh knows best.

HIS GOVERNORSAli ibn Abu libAbu ÙbaidahAl-Àl' ibn al-HaramiHillIbn al-LaithiyyaQais ibn ìmAz-Zuburqn ibn BadrMlik ibn NuwairahÙdayy ibn tim

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Ziyd ibn LabudAl-Muhjir ibn Abul-Àqaba

HIS JUDGESAli ibn Abu libMu`th ibn Jabal

HIS TRUSTEES AND TREASURERSAbu Ùbaidah ibn al-JarrBilal ibn RabAbu ibn Abu Fima

HIS POLICE OFFICERS AND LAW ENFORCERSAli ibn Abu libAz-Zubair ibn al-ÀwwmAl-Miqdd ibn al-AswadMuammed ibn Maslamahìm ibn Thbit

Qais ibn Sa`d ibn Àbdah. His full name is Qais ibn Sa`d ibnÀbdah ibn Dulaim, one of the Anr, of the Khazraj tribe. He wasvery generous and a genius. His form was large; whenever he rodea donkey, his feet would be dragging. He was the standard bearerof the Anr, fighting on the side of the Messenger of Allh ().His judgment was always sought, and he participated with theMessenger of Allh () in all military campaigns and battles. Healso participated in the conquest of Egypt where he built a house,then he became its ruler during the caliphate of Ali ibn Abu lib (). He used to be regarded as the head of the Prophet's police

force. On the Conquest of Mecca, the Messenger of Allh took thestandard from Qais's father, Sa`d ibn Àbdah, chief of the Anr,and handed it over to him. He kept the Prophet company for tenyears. During a time of extreme hardship, he slaughtered animalsto feed the Muslim army that had been consumed by acute hunger.He participated in the Battle of iffin siding with Ali (), and hedied during the last years of the rule of Mu`wiyah. The Prophet () lauded the generosity and open-handedness of Qais. Qais oncesold merchandise to Mu`wiyah for 90,000 dinars then ordered acrier to cry out throughout Medina urging anyone who needed a

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loan to go to the house of Qais ibn Sa`d. He loaned forty to fiftythousand dinars and kept the rest, taking a receipt from all thosewho borrowed from him. It is also said that he once lent a man30,000 dirhams, and when the man wanted to pay him back, herefused to take it.

HIS CONFIDANTS

Fima, may Allh be pleased with her. She is the daughter of theMessenger of Allh, Muammed (). Her mother is Khadijadaughter of Khuwailid, and she used to be called "Ummu Abeeha,"mother of her father, due to the extreme care with which shesurrounded him. She was the youngest of the Prophet's daughtersand the dearest to him. History books record several reports aboutwhen she was born. Some say she was born in the same year whenthe Ka`ba was rebuilt, that is, when the Prophet was 35 years old.Others say she was born only a few months before the inception ofthe Prophetic mission. Ali ibn Abu lib, cousin of the Prophet,married her at the beginning of the month of Muarram of 2 A.H.

when she was 18 years old, but others say differently

`'isha is quoted as having said, "I never saw anyone better thanFima other than her father." Abu Huraira has quoted theMessenger of Allh () as saying, "The best of all the women ofthe world are four: Mary (mother of Jesus), Asiya (wife ofPharaoh), Khadija (wife of Prophet Muammed) and Fima." In twoahih books, it is recorded that the Messenger of Allh said thefollowing as he was sitting on his pulpit: "Fima is part of me;whoever harms her harms me, and I am disturbed by anyone whodisturbs her." The Prophet supplicated to Ali and Fima when they

got married saying, "O Allh! I implore You to bless them, to letYour blessing descend upon them, and to bless their offspring."Umm Salamah, wife of the Prophet, said once, "It was at my housethat the verse saying, `Surely Allh only desires to keep away alluncleanness from you, O People of the House (of the Prophet, i.e.Ahl al-Bayt), and to purify you a (thorough) purifying' (Qur'n,33:33) was revealed, whereupon the Prophet ordered to bringFima, Ali, al-Hasan, and al-Husain to him then said, `These aremy Ahl al-Bayt.'"

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She gave birth to al-Hasan, al-Husain and Zainab, and she died sixmonths after her father's demise, but there are reports indicatingdifferently.

Anas ibn MlikHuthaifah (al-Yemni)

HIS MISSIONARIESYasr, who was killed by the ÀrnitesAbu Salma, also said to be Abu Salamah

HIS FINANCIAL SECRETARYBilal, may Allh be pleased with him. He () said to him, "Spend,O Bilal, and do not fear any decrease from the Lord of the Throne(the Almighty)."

HIS STANDARD BEARERSAli ibn Abu lib

Az-Zubair ibn al-ÀwwmSa`d ibn ÀbdahZaid ibn rithahJa`fer ibn Abu libKhlid ibn al-WalidÀbdullh ibn Ruwah

HIS STABLE-MASTERSAl-Asla` ibn SharikÀbdullh ibn Masùd

HIS POETSKa`b ibn Zuhair. He is Ka`b ibn Zuhair ibn Abu Sulma, a poet.His father, Zuhair ibn Abu Sulma, was a pre-Islamic poet knownas one of those whose poems were hung on the Ka`ba (al-muàllaqt). Ka`b ibn Zuhair once went out with his brotherBujair, who also was a poet, to meet the Messenger of Allh ().When they reached a place known as Abraq al-Àzzf, Bujair saidto Ka`b, "Stay with our herd till I see this man (meaning theMessenger of Allh) and listen to him." Ka`b remained with theflock as Bujair went to meet the Messenger of Allh who invited

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him to embrace Islam, and he did. When news of his brotheraccepting Islam reached him, Ka`b instantantly composed theselines of poetry:

I beg you convey a message from me to Ka`b:To what did he lead you, may someone else perish?To what neither your mother nor your father do?

Nor did you find a brother of yours accepting it.May Abu Bakr give you a drinkSo the one who drinks of it chews and dies.

When the Messenger of Allh heard about these lines, he permittedkilling him. Bujair wrote his brother Ka`b saying, "Seek help! I donot think that you can survive this one!" Then he wrote him againsaying that anyone who came to the Prophet to testify that there isno god except Allh, and that Muammed is the Messenger ofAllh, he would accept his testimony and would not hold himaccountable for anything which he had done before. "So," he went

on, "once this letter reaches you, come and declare youracceptance of Islam." Ka`b did, indeed, go there. He delivered apoem in praise of the Prophet. He went and tied his camel at theMosque's gate then entered as the Messenger of Allh was talkingto people. Ka`b took a few more steps till he sat close to him,declared his acceptance of Islam then sought asylum. When theProphet asked him who he was, he said, "I am Ka`b ibn Zuhair."The Prophet then turned to Abu Bakr and asked him about thephrase of Ka`b stating " so the one who drinks of it chews anddies." But Ka`b was quick to alter the wording so as to mean "theone who is granted asylum;" therefore, the Messenger of Allhsaid, "You, by Allh, are now safe and secure." Then Ka`bdelivered his famous poem in praise of the Prophet which came tobe known as the "burda" (garment) because the Messenger ofAllh took off his garment which he was then wearing and gave itto Ka`b. Some of its lines (roughly) run like this:

Su`d could be seen, and I could seeHow weak with love my heart came to be,Like an orphan following her, bearing love not light.Surely the Prophet is a sword that emits lightOne of Allh's swords, ever unsheathed is he.

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I was told that death did the Prophet promise me,But pardon from Allh's MessengerIs anticipated, from peril it does deliver.

Hassn ibn Thbit. His full name is Hassn ibn Thbit ibn al-Munthir, poet of the Messenger of Allh. He belonged to the Anrfrom the Khazraj tribe. It is said that he lived for 60 years during

the pre-Islamic period and 60 more thereafter. He did notparticipate in the Prophet's invasions because he did not feel strongenough to do so. Whenever he wanted Hassn to compose a satiricpoem defaming the polytheists, the Messenger of Allh used to sayto him, "Assault, may the Holy Spirit be with you!" The Prophetused to put a pulpit for him at the Mosque so that he would standon it to defend the Messenger of Allh (with his poetry). When hewanted once to blast Quraish with his poetry, the Messenger ofAllh said to him, "But I am related to Quraish! Go to Abu Bakr,for he is the most knowledgeable of Quraish's genealogy, and hewill trace for you my kinship thereto." He once responded to Abu

Sufyn ibn al-Hrith (who abused the Prophet) by composing theselines:

You attacked Muammad, whereas behind him I stand,And for this I shall have from Allh my reward;My father, my father's father, and my honorAre for Muammed a shield from you and a cover.Do you really defame him while you are not his peer?!Your worst be sacrificed for one held by Allh as dear.

It is also said that assn was quite articulate and brave, but anailment afflicted him, rendering him unable to bear arms. Hassn

died in 54 A.H. (674 A.D.), but some say in 40 A.H. (660 A.D.).

`Abdullh ibn Ruwah

HIS WEAPON BEARERSAl-Mughirah ibn Shu`bahAbu alhah

HIS CARAVAN LEADER`mir ibn `Abdillh ibn Ruwhah

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HIS PREACHERThbit ibn Qais ibn Shamms

May Allh be pleased with them all.

MU'ATHTHINSOF THE PROPHET ()

Abu MathurahSa`d al-QurAl-A`ma (the blind man) ibn Umm MaktumBilal ibn Rab

HIS CHAMBERLAINAbu Masra, Anasah ibn Badh, who was raised by al-Aswad.

HIS MESSENGERSalamah ibn al-Akwa`

HIS GUARDSSa`d ibn Mu`th; he guarded him during the battle of Badr.Muammed ibn Maslamah; he guarded him during the battle ofUhud.Àbbd ibn Bishr, his guard.Bilal, his guard.Az-Zubair ibn al-Àwwm; he guarded him during the battle of theKhandaq (moat).Sa`d ibn Abu Waqq, his guard.Abu Ayyub (al-Anri), his guard.

HIS BONDMAIDSUmm Àbbs; she was mentioned by al-Baghawi.umaira; she was mentioned by Ibn Kathir.Maimuna daughter of Hafsa; she was mentioned by Ibn Mundah.Maimuna daughter of Sa`d; she was mentioned by Imm Amad.Maria (Mary) the Copt, the mother of Ibrhim. She was given tohim () as a present by the Muqauqas of Egypt.Laila, `'isha's bondmaid.Ùnquda the Ethiopian, mother of ubai.

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Sirin, the Copt, Maria's sister, whom the Prophet gave to his poetHassn ibn Thbit..Salma, Rafi's mother. She was Abu Rfi's wife.Salma, Ibrhim's nurse.Sudaisa; she was mentioned by Abu Naùm.Amatullh daughter of Razuna. She was mentioned by Abu Ya`li.Umaima; she was mentioned by Ibn al-Athir.

Tirka, Umm Ayman. She was wife of Zaid ibn rithah and motherof Usmah.Khara; mentioned by Ibn Mundahisliya; mentioned by Ibn al-AthirRuzaina; mentioned by Ibn ÀskirRaawi; mentioned by Ibn al-AthirRaina; mentioned by Ibn KathirRazuna; mentioned by Ibn KathirS'iba; mentioned by Ibn al-Athir

HIS FREED SLAVES

Salmn al-FrisiZaid ibn rithahAbu Rafi` the CoptUsmah ibn ZaidÙbaidahAbu MasruhAyman ibn ÙbaidBathmFalahThawbn ibn KaiddHunain

ThakwnRuwaifi`Rabh al-AswadAbu Rafi`, also called simply "Rfi`"Abu YasrAbu Àbdir-RahmnDamrah ibn Shaqra ibn al-HabashiFaqur; he is mentioned by al-Baghawi.Kaisn; he is mentioned by al-Baghawi.

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Mabor the Copt; he was presented to him () by the Muqauqastogether with Maria the Copt and her sister Sirin, and he was aeunuch.KadarMudgham the BlackNfi`; he used to carry his shoes.Rabu`; he was presented to him by some man of fame, and he was

killed.Wqid; he is mentioned by Ibn Àskir.Hurmuz; some say he is called Masruh, and he is mentioned by IbnKathir.Hishm; he is the father of Kaisn, although some say he is thefather of Wqid; he is mentioned by Abu Naìm.Yasr; he is mentioned by Ibn Sa`d in his Tabaqt.Abul-Hamr'; it is said that he was killed by the Àrnites.Abu Salma; it is said that his name is Hill ibn al-Hrith.Abu afiyya; he is his shepherd.Abu amura; he is mentioned by al-Baghawi.

Abu Ùbaid; he is mentioned by Imm Amad.Abu Ùsaib; he is mentioned by Ibn Kathir.Abu Muwaihabah; he is mentioned by Ibn Kathir; his name isSalum but some say it is Àmr.

HIS FREE SERVANTSAnas ibn Mlik, who served him for ten yearsAl-Ala` ibn Sharik. He was mentioned by Ibn Badr and by others.Qais ibn Sa`dAsma` ibn Hrithah; mentioned by Imm AmadBilal ibn Rabh, slave of Abu Bakr

Bakr ibn ash-Shadkh, mentioned by Ibn MundahHasbah, mentioned by Imm AmadThu Mikhmr, nephew of the Negus (Emperor of Ethiopia whodied in 9 A.H./630 A.D.)Rabiàh ibn Ka`b, mentioned by al-AwzìSa`d ibn Abu Bakr, mentioned by Abu DwudÀbdullh ibn Ruwhah, mentioned by Ibn KathirÙqbah ibn `mir, mentioned by Imm AmadÀbdullh ibn Masùd, who used to carry his sandalsAl-Mughirah ibn Shu`bah, mentioned by Ibn Kathir and others

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Al-Miqdd ibn al-Aswad, mentioned by Imm AmadMuhjir, slave of Umm Salamah, mentioned by a-abrniHind ibn Hrithah, mentioned by Ibn Shkir and Ibn KathirHill ibn al-Hrith, mentioned by Ibn Shkir and othersZaid ibn Himyar, mentioned by Ibn ShkirAl-Aswad ibn Mlik, mentioned by Ibn ShkirAl-Jarjn ibn Mlik, mentioned by Ibn Shkir

Al-Jarh ibn al-Jarjn, mentioned by Ibn ShkirTha`labah ibn Àbdir-Ramn, mentioned by Ibn ShkirSlim, slave of Tha`labah, mentioned by Ibn ShkirNaìm ibn Rabiàh, mentioned by Ibn ShkirAbus-Samh, mentioned by Ibn IshqAbu Tharr al-Ghifri, mentioned by Ibn Shkir

HIS TOOLS AND OTHER BELONGINGSClothes, Shoes, Accessories and Other Household ItemsDyestuff called stonelightA kohl container, scissors

A mirrorFour slippers (two pairs)Twosabiya shoesA shawl;An Omani loinclothTwo desert garmentsA desert shirtAsijuli shirtA Yemeni coat and a Syrian coatA white gownSmall caps

A long shirtA square overcoatA bed of skin stuffed with fibersFour turbans: a woven turban which he wore most of the time; atuft turban which he rarely wore; a white turban which he woremost of the time; a black turban which he wore on festiveoccasionsHe entered Mecca on the day of conquest wearing a black turbanwith both ends dangling down to his shouldersA clod of earth to rub onto his skin

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A waterskin from which he used to drink and perform his ablutionA knifeA pot in which food was cooked for himA skin-covered rod with three inlaid silver buttons and a ringprobably made for tripsThree glassesHenna coloring substances

A utensil called as-SaduraA washing sink made of leatherAn Alexandrian ivory box in which he used to keep his comb,scissors, and mirror. This box was a present from Muqauqas (theruler of Egypt).A kettleA bedsteadA piece of velvet plushA red outfit which he used to wear frequentlyAn outfit made of (camel) hairA black outfit

A handkerchief to wipe his faceA pot into which to urinate at nightA "armal" matA basket in which to keep his perfumesA comb to comb his hairAn overcoatA rug called al-Karr

Three Rings:A gold ring which he threw away and did not wearA silver ring which he used to wear

An iron ring with silver plating

HIS ANIMALSMules:The mule al-Shahb'; it was presented to him by the Muqauqas (theruler of Egypt). It is said that it was also called "Duldul."A mule called "Silver" which was presented to him by Farwah.A mule presented to him by the ruler of Dumat al-Jandal.A mule presented to him by Khosrau (Emperor of Persia). Reportsabout this differ, and the correct one is that this is not true.

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A mule presented to him by the Negus (emperor of Ethiopia).

Donkeys:A donkey called Ya`furA donkey called `fir

She-Camels

Al-`Ab'Al-Jad`'Al-Qasw'

Nine Mixed BreedsAsh-Shaqr'Al-MihraAd-Dab'Ash-ShariyaAl-BaghumAs-Sa`diyya

Al-`ArusAs-Samr'Al-Khan'

Seven GoatsIt is said that he had 100 ewes, and whenever a lamb was born, heslaughtered a ewe. Their shepherd was the son of Umm Ayman.

21 HorsesAs-Sakab, which he bought from a Bedouin,Malwih

Al-Murtajiz, which he had during the battle of Khuzaimah ibnThbitLizz, presented to him by the Muqauqas (governor of Egypt)A-arb, presented to him ibn Abul-Bar'Al-Lahuf, presented to him by FarwahAs-SiddAl-Ward, presented to him by Tamim ad-DriSanjiyaAl-InAl-Murtahal

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As-SarhnAl-Ya`subAl-BahrAl-GhayyubAl-AdhamAs-SaAs-Sajil

Al-MurwAn-Najib

... and Seven SheepItll, Zamzam, `Ajwa, Itrf, Saqiya, Baraka, and Warisa

MISCELLANEOUS MILITARY ITEMSSeven Armor PlatesTht al-FuulTht al-WishhTht al-Hawshi

As-SafdiyyaFiaAl-BatrAl-Kharnaq

A QuiverThis was a quiver for arrows called al-Jam`.

Three ShieldsAl-ZaluqAl-Fataq

Al-Muwajjar

A CaneMade of Shua wood; it was called al-Mamshuq.

Two HelmetsAl-MusawwighAl-Muwashsha

Five Bows

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Az-ZurAl-KatumAr-Rua, made of the Naba` treeA-afr', made of the Naba` treeAl-Baid', made of the Shua tree

A Baton

called Àrjun

Nine SwordsAl-atf, which originally belonged to the armor of the (Jewish)Qainuq` tribe;Ar-Rusub, which he got as a booty from an idol worshipped byTay;Al-Makhtham, which he got from items given by ay (tribesmen) toan idol as an offering;Ma'thur, which he inherited from his father;Al-Àb, which he got from Sa`d ibn Àbdah (as a gift);

Thul-Fiqr, which he acquired during the battle of Badr;A-amma, the sword of Àmr ibn Maàddi Karb;Al-Qlì, from the armor of the Qainuq` tribe;Al-Battr, from the armor of the Qainuq` tribe.

Three SpearsAn-Nabà, which was mentioned by al-Suhaili;Al-Bai', a large spear;Al-Ànza, on which he leaned during prayer.

A Saddle

The Blessed One () also had a saddle called as-Sirj.

A Hooked StickThis was al-Haukn, an arm's length, called ar-Rifq.Three BannersAr-Rya was white; in its center read: "There is no god exceptAllh, Muhammed is the Messenger of Allh."A-afr' (the yellow one) was mentioned by Abu Dwud and others;

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Al-`Uqb was black and square, and in its midst there was a whitecrescent.

Five LancesAl-Mathwi;Al-Munthani;Three lances taken from the Qainuq` tribe

A TentIt was called Ar-Rukn.

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muhammed: prophet and messenger of allah - part one

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