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DR. MOHAMMAD TARIQ KAMAAL(M.B.B.S D.C.H)Pediatrician and NeonatologistMultiple Disability

DefinitionChildren with multiple disabilities have two or more disabling conditions that affect learning or other important life functions.

PrevalenceNo specific data available but estimated to be between 0.2 to 0.5 per 100.

CausesIn nearly 50 % of cases there is no identifiable cause rest causes can be grouped in.GeneticDevelopmental disorder of brain.Metabolic disorders.Pre, post and perinatal complications.Accidental and traumatic.Infections

Early assement of : Movement limitationsMuscle tone and flexibilitySeizure activityVision and hearingsIndividual intelligence testTest of adaptive behavior

CharacteristicsLimited speech and communicationDifficulty in basic physical activityTendency to forget skills through disuseTrouble generalising skills from one situation to another.A need for support in major life activities( eg; domestic leisure, community use, vocational)

Suggested learning strategiesLearning at own level with proper support.Create age appropriate adaptive skills.Physical therapy to help independent movement.Provide alternative modes of communication via technology.

Teaching strategiesTeam of parents teachers physical therapist, assistive technology teacher and additional support staff.Specific steps to success needs to be identified.Timelines for each educational objectives.Peer tutoring.

EffectsThe limitations can be devastating to intellectual and emotional development of child, but can be addressed by assitive technology and augmented communication system.It should be noted that these childrens can have average or even above average intelligence.

Strategic requirementEarly intervention starting at birth or as soon as disability is diagnosed.Related services as physical, occupation, speech and language therapy including augmented and alternative communication methods.Plan and services to facilitate transition to work and adulthood.Inclusion in general education with nondisabled peer.

1) Stephen HawkingMuch more than the namesake of Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking (which is an awesome show on the Discovery channel by the way), Stephen Hawking is one of the most well-known physicists in the world, and he was able to achieve that in spite of being diagnosed with ALS when he was 21.He can now only speak with the assistance of a computer and has been a fulltime powerchair-user since the 1980s. His disability however has never been an excuse to give up on his desire to study the universe, specifically the framework of general relativity and quantum mechanics.

Ralph BraunThe late founder of the Braun Corporation, one of the leading manufacturers of wheelchair accessible vehicles, and named a champion of change by President Barack Obama, Ralph Braun was a man who thrived on bringing the freedom of mobility to people with disabilities.Born with muscular dystrophy, Ralph started his career in 1966 when he created the first wheelchair accessible van with hand controls and in 1991 Ralphs company, BraunAbility, created the first accessible minivan. His vision has brought mobility via four wheels to millions of people around the world, and despite passing away earlier this year, his legacy will never be forgotten.

Stevie WonderOne of the most beloved singers alive today, Stevie Wonder is a musician, singer and songwriter who was born blind. He was born six weeks early. The blood vessels at the back of his eyes had not yet reached the front and aborted their growth, hence his blindness.

Sudha Chandran is one of the most well-known dancers and TV actresses in India despite losing one of her legs to infection in 1981 after a car accident. Shes what is known as a Bharatanatyam dancer, and was able to teach herself how to dance using a prosthetic Jaipur foot, enabling her to become one of the most highly acclaimed dancers in the world. A Bollywood film, Mayuri, was also made about her life.

Born visually impaired, RavindraJain started singing at a very young age and took his passion to a new high when he joined the Indian music industry, becoming one of the most notable music directors of the 1970s. He was so dedicated towards his work that when, during one of the recording sessions, his father passed away, but he still did not leave the recording room until the recordings were finalized. Apart from composing various super-hit songs for Hindi movies, he had also launched several private albums which were praised by many.

Arunima Sinha lost her leg when some robbers pushed her out of a moving train. Two years later, she became the first woman amputee to climb Mount Everest. She dislikedthe look of pity and sympathy in everyones eyes and did not want to be looked upon as a handicapped person. She has proved that a strong determination and will is far more important than a strong body. Even with a prosthetic leg, she overcame her challenges and made history.

Javed Abidi:He was diagnosed with spina bifidia (a developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube) which was not operated on for eight years and caused permanent nerve damage. Further injuries made the situation worse and made him a wheelchair-user when he turned 15. Even this jolt in his life did not stop him from going abroad to finish his education and pursue his dreams of becoming a journalist. He has been actively engaged with disability rights for years, and is the director of the National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP) in India, and also the founder of the Disability Rights Group.

Dr Suresh AdvaniThe prominent oncologist started Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in India. He contracted polio at the age of eight and has been wheelchair-bound since then. Having faced many difficulties to pursue his dreams due to his disability, Advani did not give up. His contributions in the field of Oncology have been recognized with many awards, including the Padma Shri in 2002 and the Padma Bhushanin 2012. He is the first oncologist in India to have successfully done a bone-marrow transplant.

Malathi Krishnamurthy HollaThis international para-athlete from Bangalore was paralyzed completely at the tender age of one after a high fever. A regular electric shock treatment for two years got the strength of her upper body back, but below the waist her bodyremained weak. Holla decided to live life in the best possible way and chose sports to excel in. She started participating in various games atcollege, and today she has taken partin various international events including the Para-Olympics. She won Gold in 200m, shot put, discus and javelin throw at the 1989 World Masters Games in Denmark. She has over 300 medals in her kitty, and is also the proud recipient of the Arjuna Award and Padma Shri. She runs theMathru Foundation to helpdisabled children from rural India.

Rajendra Singh RaheluRajinder Singh Rahelu contracted polio when he was eight months old. Since then, he has not been able to walk. But he did not let his disability come in between him and his dreams. Rahelu decided to discontinue his studies after completing high school. In 1996, a little encouragement from his powerlifter friend motivated Rahelu to pursue a career in this sport. He started by lifting a weight of 75 kgs but rigorous training and motivation made him strong enough to lift a weight of 115 kgs within six months. He continued to practice, and today, he has created history after winning a silver medal in powerlifting at the Commonwealth Games 2014