Muscle Kinesiology

Anatomy & Physiology

Who came up with those

LONG names?

Many of the names come from Latin and the regional skeletal bones

How many skeletal muscles can you name?

Muscle MovementMovement produced by contraction and pulling on attached bonePoint of attachment of tendons to bones is called ORIGINS AND INSERTIONSORIGIN: attachment to stationary/immovable boneINSERTION: attachment to movable bone

1. Contraction causes insertion to be pulled to origin.

2. Long head- tendon attaches to scapula

3. Short head- attached to clavicle

Group Action: muscles working in groups to produce body movement

Prime Movers: (agonist) Muscles primarily involved in being responsible for a particular movement i.e-raising hand(deltoid)

Antagonists: Muscles that oppose or reverse the action of the PM.

Synergist: (helper) muscle that aids the PM in a particular movement.

Prime mover- biceps

Antagonist-triceps brachii

Synergists- other muscles of forearm to stabilize the elbow joint

Primary Antagonistic Actions of Muscular system (examples of)

1.Flexion/Extension: quadriceps femoris and hamstrings for hip and knee

2.Abduction/Adduction: lats and deltoid for arm

3.Elevation/Depression:various parts of traps to

shrug and release shoulders

Cont.4.Pronation/Supination: flexor and extension muscles in hand allow palm to turn in, palm turned out=thumbs up/thumbs down

5.Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion: tibialis anterior vs tibialis posterior= foot flexion up and foot extension down.

6.Inversion/Eversion:tibialis anterior/posterior and fibularis longus= foot in and out

CHARACTERISTIC Description EXAMPLES IN HUMANS

1.Direction of fascicles relative to midline

rectus = paralleltransverse = perpendicularoblique = at 45o angle

Rectus abdominusTransversus abdominusExternal Oblique

2.Location (i.e. the bone or body part that a muscle covers)

frontal bonetibia

FrontalisTibialis Anterior

3.Relative Size maximus = largestlongus = longestbrevis = shortest

Gluteus maximusPalmaris longusfibularis brevis

Seven ways we name muscles

4.Number of Origins (Heads)

biceps = 2 originstriceps = 3 origins

Biceps brachiiTriceps brachii

5. Shape deltoid = triangletrapezius = trapezoidserratus = saw-toothedorbicularis = circular

DeltoidTrapeziusSerratus anteriorOrbicularis oris

6. Location of Origin and/or Insertion

origin = sternuminsertion = mastoid process

Sternocleidomastoid

7. Action of Muscle flexionextensionadduction

Flexor carpi radialisExtensor digitorumAdductor longus

Muscle naming cont’

Quick Quiz (2 points/bullet)1.Points of attachment of tendons to bone are called:2.Muscles that oppose the prime mover (agonist) are called what?3.Which of the 7 ways we name muscles helps explain the naming of the rectus abdominus? 4. Give an example of a muscle name based on its shape (also give the shape)?5.What two groups of muscles work to flex and extend the knee and hip?