Muscles of Eyes

Position of eye controlled by six extrinsic muscles

Oculomotor muscles

Originate on the surface of the orbit

Innervation by oculomotor nerve, Trochlear nerve, and Abducens nerve

Inferior rectus- eye looks downMedial rectus- eye rotates mediallySuperior rectus- eye looks upLateral rectus- eye rotates laterallyInferior oblique- eye rolls, looks up and to the sideSuperior oblique- eye rolls, looks down and to the side

Muscles of Mastication

Four muscles move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

Innervation by Trigeminal nerve

Masseter,Temporalis-elevates mandibleMedial Pterygoid- elevates the mandible and closes the jaws, or moves mandible side to sideLateral Pterygoid- opens jaws, protrudes mandible, or moves mandible side to side

Muscles of the TongueFour muscles used in combinations to move tongue for speech, manipulation of food in preparation for swallowing.

Innervation by Hypoglossal nerve

All muscles of tongue have names that end in glossus

Genioglossus- depresses and protracts tongue

Hyoglossus- depresses and retracts tongue

Palatoglossus- elevates tongue, depresses soft palate

Styloglossus- retracts tongue, elevates side

Muscles of Pharynx

Eight muscles that initiate the swallowing processInnervation by branches of Pharyngeal plexusDivided into three groups by action

ConstrictorsElevatorsPalate

Superior/middle/ inferior constrictor-constrict pharynx to propel bolus into esophagus

Palatopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus- elevate larynx

Levator veli palatini, Tensor veli palatini-elevates soft palate