muskegon inequity data synthesis -...

Muskegon County, Michigan

Select Indicators of Health Equity

These materials are copyrighted by Michigan State University. You may not distribute, copy or otherwise reproduce any portion of

these materials without permission. For more information visit ablechange.msu.edu 1

Muskegon Inequity Data Synthesis

This document summarizes disaggregated data from Muskegon County for three outcomes areas: affordable housing access, health food access, and substance use. Use this data to identify which groups are experiencing the greatest inequities in the county.

Outcome Areas Muskegon County State of MI

Access to Healthy Housing

Housing Cost Burden (rental households) 57.7% 46.5%

Overcrowded 1.2% 1.7%

Homelessness 1% 0.06%

Access to Healthy Food

Low Healthy Food Access 56.2% 51.0%

Inadequate Fruit/Vegetable Consumption 88.1% 85.1%

Substance Use

Binge Alcohol Use 18.4% (adult) 18.8% (adult)

Drug Overdose1 25/

100,000 population 18/

100,000 population

1. CDC National Center for Health Statistics, 2013-2015: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps: Muskegon County, MI: Drug Overdose Deaths (Muskegon County and Overall in Michigan).





Inequity Synthesis

Outcomes Race/Ethnicity

Low Income

Age

Geography African American

Hispanic Asian American

Indian More than one race

White 0-34 35-64 65+

Housing Cost Burden ! ! Overcrowded ! ! ! ! Homelessness ! ! !

Low Healthy Food Access ! ! !

Inadequate Fruit/Vegetables !

Binge Alcohol Use ! 7th

grade: 9th&11th

grade: Adult 18+:

!

Cocaine Use ! ! Methamphetamines

Use ! ! ! Prescription Drug

Use ! ! Prescription

Painkiller Use ! Prescription

Stimulant Use ! Marijuana Use !

Key !

This subgroup has the

worst outcomes on this indicator, according to the

data.

This subgroup’s outcomes

are below average, but not the worst.

This subgroup’s outcomes

are better than others, but not the best

This subgroup has the best outcomes on this indicator,

according to the data.

No Data – Data is not available for this subgroup, or it has been suppressed

due to low sample size.





Inequity Details Outcomes Race/Ethnicity Income Age Geography

Housing Cost Burden Rental households paying more than 30% of income on housing. Source: American Communities Survey, 2012-2016 combined estimate.

All 57.7%

(N=8,997) Under $20K: 88% (6,078)

$20k – 34,999:

61% (2,577)

$35k-49,999: 15.8% (275)

$50k-$100k:

1% (25)

N/A

Muskegon Charter: 64.7% (N=1,224) Muskegon Heights: 65.8% (N=2,090)

Holton: 60.7% (N=105) Muskegon City: 62.8% (N=4,063) Roosevelt Park: 62.2% (N=411)

…………….

Montague Twnshp: 24.5% (N=12)

Whitehall: 15.7% (N=8) Cedar Creek: 9.3% (N=9)

African American N/A

Hispanic N/A

Asian N/A

American Indian N/A

More than one race N/A

White N/A

Overcrowded Housing Households with more than 1.01 people per room. Source: American Communities Survey, 2012-2016 combined estimate.

All 2%

(N=1,322)

N/A

Ages 15-34:

4.3% (N=483)

Ages 35-64:

2.2% (N=806)

Ages 65+:

0.2% (N=33)

Montague City: 4.4% (N=45) Holton: 4.3% (N=35)

Muskegon Heights: 4% (N=167)

………….

Dalton: 0.98% (N=32) Sullivan: 0.9% (N=8)

Laketon: 0.4% (N=12)

African American 4.2%

(N=346)

Hispanic 5%

(N=104)

Asian 2.8% (N=8)

American Indian Suppressed

More than one race Suppressed

White 1.6%

(N=858)





Outcomes Race/Ethnicity Income Age Geography

Homelessness

Includes individuals who are ‘Literally Homeless’ and/or living with friends or family due to a housing crisis and facing immediate eviction with no other resources.

Source: HMIS Data, 2016. NOTE: 15.7% (305) of homeless individuals are Domestic Violence survivors.

Source: School year 2015-16 administrative records.

All 1% (N=2,057)

NA

Ages 0-34:

1.7% (N=1,327)

Ages 35-64: 1.1% (N=731)

Age 65+:

0.1% (N=29)

Homeless students across School Districts in Muskegon (2015-2016)

Holton – 10% (N=89) Whitehall – 6% (N=119) Muskegon – 4% (N=159)

Oakridge – 4% (N=78) …….

Ravenna – 3% (N=36)

North Muskegon – 3% (N=27) Mona Shores – 2% (N=58) Reeths-Puffer – 2% (N=74) Orchard View – 1% (N=27)

African American 5.1% (N=1,211)

Hispanic NA

Asian Suppressed

American Indian 2.1% (N=27)

More than one race NA

White 0.5% (N=813)






Population with Low Healthy Food Access

Population living in census tracts where a substantial number of residents has low access to a supermarket or large grocery store.

Source: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, USDA - Food Access Research Atlas. 2015.

All 56.2% (N=95,618)

NA

NA

SEE MAP on page 9

African American 56.0% (N=13,411)

Hispanic 65.31% (N=3,919)

Asian 53.6% (N=381)

American Indian 62% (N=767)

More than one race 65.5% (N=1,803)

White 55.6% (N=75,255)

Inadequate Fruit / Vegetable Consumption Adults with Inadequate Fruit / Vegetable Consumption (less than 5 servings a day). Source: Michigan BRFSS Survey, 2013 and 2015 combined

All 88.1%

(N=151,662)

NA

NA

Fruit/vegetable expenditures as % of total food-at-home expenditures Source: Nielsen Site Reports. 2014.

See Map on page 10

5th quintile (lowest expenditures):

Casnovia, Dalton, Egelston, Moorland, Muskegon City, Muskegon

Charter, Muskegon Heights …………

1st quintile (highest expenditures): Roosevelt Park

African American NA

Hispanic NA

Asian NA

American Indian NA

More than one race NA

White NA






Binge Alcohol Use Percentage of students who had 5 or more drinks of alcohol in a row, that is, within a couple of hours, during the past 30 days.

Source: MiPHY 2015-2016 (representing schools in 11 out of 13 public school districts)

Percentage of adults consuming 5+ drinks for men or 4+ drinks per for women per occasion at least once during the past 30 days.

Source: Michigan BRFSS Survey, 2014-2016 combined

All 7th Grade

1.4% (N=24)

9th&11th Grd. 9.7%

(N=292)

Adult

18.4% (143)

NA

7th grade:

1.4% (N=24)

9th & 11th grade: 9.7% (N=292)

Adult 18+:

18.4% (N=143)

NA

African American

suppressed 2.6% (N=9)

NA

Hispanic suppressed 15.3% (N=51)

NA

Asian suppressed suppressed NA

American Indian

suppressed suppressed NA

More than one race

NA NA NA

White suppressed

9.9% (N=201)

NA

Cocaine Use Percentage of students who used any form of cocaine during the past 30 days. Source: MiPHY 2015-2016 (representing schools in 11 out of 13 public school districts)

All 7th Grade

8.9% (N=157)

9th & 11th Grade 1.70% (N=50)

NA

7th grade: 8.9% (N=157)

9th & 11th grade: 1.70% (N=50)

NA

African American

13.7% (N=32)

suppressed

Hispanic 8.8%

(N=21) 4.5%

(N=15)

Asian suppressed suppressed

American Indian

suppressed suppressed

More than one race

NA NA

White 7.5%

(N=80) 1.2%

(N=24)





Outcomes Race/Ethnicity Income Age Geography Methamphetamines Use Percentage of students who ever used methamphetamines for 7th Graders. Percentage of students who used methamphetamines one or more times during the past 30 days for 9th & 11th Graders. Source: MiPHY 2015-2016 (representing schools in 11 out of 13 public school districts)

All 7th Grade

8.7% (153)

9th & 11th Grade 0.9% (28)

NA

7th grade: 8.7% (N=153)

9th & 11th grade:

0.9% (N=28)

NA

African American

14.5% (N=34)

suppressed

Hispanic 8.8%

(N=21) 3.6%

(N=12)


American Indian


More than one race

NA NA

White 7.5%

(N=80) 0.5%

(N=11)

Prescription Drugs Use Percentage of students who took a prescription drug not prescribed to them, including painkillers, during the past 30 days. Source: MiPHY 2015-2016 (representing schools in 11 out of 13 public school districts)

All 7th Grade

4.3% (76)

9th & 11th Grade 7.4% (223)

NA

7th grade: 4.3% (N=76)

9th & 11th grade:

7.4% (N=223)

NA

African American

4.3% (N=10)

2.6% (N=9)

Hispanic 5.5%

(N=13) 13.7% (N=46)


American Indian


More than one race

NA NA

White 3.7%

(N=39) 7.2%

(N=146)





Outcomes Race/Ethnicity Income Age Geography Prescription Painkiller Use Percentage of students who took a prescription painkiller not prescribed to them during the past 30 days. Source: MiPHY 2015-2016 (representing schools in 11 out of 13 public school districts)

All High School

5.4% (N=159)

African American

2.1% (N=7)

Hispanic 9.8%

(N=32)

Asian NA

American Indian

NA

More than one race

NA

White 5.1%

(N=102)

Prescription Stimulant Use Percentage of students who took a prescription stimulant not prescribed to them during the past 30 days. Source: MiPHY 2015-2016 (representing schools in 11 out of 13 public school districts)

All 4.8%

(N=144)

African American

1.5% (N=5)

Hispanic 9.9%

(N=33)

Asian NA

American Indian

NA

More than one race

NA

White 4.6%

(N=93)





Outcomes Race/Ethnicity Income Age Geography Marijuana Use Percentage of students who used marijuana during the past 30 days. Source: MiPHY 2015-2016 (representing schools in 11 out of 13 public school districts)

All 7th Grade

2.2% (38)

9th & 11th Grade 15.3% (459)

NA

7th grade: 2.2% (N=38)

9th & 11th grade: 15.3% (N=459)

African American

4.7% (N=11) 11.6% (N=40)

Hispanic 24.4% (N=81)

Asian

American Indian

More than one race

White 1.2% (N=13) 14.4% (N=292)



These materials are copyrighted by Michigan State University. You may not

distribute, copy or otherwise reproduce any portion of these materials without

permission. For more information visit ablechange.msu.edu

10

Homeless Student Data (School Year 2015-2016)

Homeless students across Muskegon County School Districts during the 2015-2016 school year.

Source: School Year 2015-16, National Center for Education Statistics and the U.S. Department of Education. Charter schools are not included in the analysis.http://poverty.umich.edu/about/child-homelessness-in-michigan/

http://poverty.umich.edu/about/child-homelessness-in-michigan/

http://poverty.umich.edu/about/child-homelessness-in-michigan/






11

Homeless Students, by School System, Center for Educational Performance and Information, 2016-17

District Name

Number Homeless Students

Total Student Enrollment % Homeless

Muskegon Montessori Academy for Environmental Change <10 123 n/a

Holton Public Schools 89 862 10%

Whitehall District Schools 119 2058 6%

Montague Area Public Schools 82 1473 6%

Three Oaks Public School Academy 20 382 5%

Muskegon, Public Schools of the City of 159 3920 4%

Oakridge Public Schools 78 2040 4%

Ravenna Public Schools 36 1059 3%

North Muskegon Public Schools 27 1034 3%

Muskegon Heights Public School Academy System 15 737 2%

Reeths-Puffer Schools 74 3765 2%

Timberland Academy 11 689 2%

Mona Shores Public School District 58 3830 2%

Fruitport Community Schools 34 2750 1%

Orchard View Schools 27 2578 1% Source: Center for Educational Performance and Information, 2016-17.






12

Population with Limited Food Access, Percent by Tract, FARA 2015

Percentage of the population living in census tracts where a substantial number of residents has low access to a supermarket or large grocery store.

Over 50.0%

20.1 - 50.0%

5.1 - 20.0%

Under 5.1%

No Low Food Access

Source: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, USDA - Food Access Research Atlas. 2015.






13

Low Income and Low Food Access, by Tract

The blue areas on the map are tracts with a poverty rate of 20% or higher, or tracts with a median family income less than 80% of median family income for the state or metropolitan area.

The pink areas on the map are tracts in which at least 500 people or 33% of the population lives farther than 1 mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from the nearest supermarket.

The green areas on map shows the intersection of both these conditions.

Source: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, USDA - Food Access Research Atlas. 2015. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas/go-to-the-atlas/

https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas/go-to-the-atlas/






14

Fruit and Vegetable Expenditures, Percent of Food-At-Home Expenditures, National Rank by Tract, Nielsen 2014 Estimated expenditures for fruits and vegetables purchased for in-home consumption, as a percentage of total food-at-home expenditures

1st Quintile (Highest Expenditures)

2nd Quintile

3rd Quintile

4th Quintile

5th Quintile (Lowest Expenditures)

No Data or Data Suppressed Data Source: Nielsen Site Reports. 2014. Source geography: Tract

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