B u lle tin N o.

MUSKEGON-MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICHIGAN

MAY 1962

1303-68

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

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Occupational Wage Survey

MUSKEGON-MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICHIGAN

MAY 1962

Bulletin No. 1303-68July 1962

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

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Preface

The Labor Market Occupational Wage Survey Program

The Bureau of Labor Statistics annually conducts occupational wage surveys in 82 labor m arkets. The studies provide data on occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A prelim inary report furnishing trend data and average earnings is released within a month of the com pletion of each study. This bulletin provides additional data not included in the prelim inary report.

Two bulletins, bringing together the results of all of the area surveys, are issued after completion of the final area bulletin in the current round of surveys. The firs t of these bulletins w ill be available late in 1962 and the other early in 1963. During the survey year, summary re leases presenting areawide occupational earnings data for 25 to 30 labor m arkets, are issued as data becom e available.

This bulletin was prepared in the Bureau's r e ­gional office in Chicago, 111., by Mary Stokes, under the d irection of E lliott A. Browar. The study was under the general d irection of Woodrow C. Linn, Assistant Regional D irector for Wages and Industrial Relations.

Contents

Page

Introduction ____________________________ _________________________________ 1Wage trends for selected occupational groups _________________________ 4

Tables:

1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey ____________ 32. Percents of increase in standard weekly salaries and

straight-tim e hourly earnings for selectedoccupational groups _________________________________________ 3

A: Occupational earnings:*A - l . Office occupations—m en and women _______________________ 5A -2. P rofessional and technical occupations—men

A -3. O ffice, professional, and technicaloccupations—men and women combined __________________ 6

A -4 . Maintenance and powerplant occupations _________________ 7A -5 . Custodial and m aterial movement occupations ____________ 8

B: Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:*B - l . Shift differentials —. . . ____-____________ ______ _____________ 9B -2 . Minimum entrance salaries for women office workers ...» 10B -3 . Scheduled weekly h o u r s __________ _______ _______ _____ ____ 11B -4 . Paid holidays ______________________________________________ 12

B -6. Health, insurance, and pension plans ____________________ 15

Appendixes:

A. Changes in occupational descriptions ____________________________ 17B. Occupational descriptions ________________________________________ 19

* NOTE: Similar tabulations are available in previous area reports for Muskegon—Muskegon Heights and for other m ajor areas. A d irectory indicating the areas, dates of study, and prices of these reports is available upon request.

iii

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Occupational Wage Survey— Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich.

Introduction

This area is 1 of 82 labor markets in which the U.S. De­partment o f L abor's Bureau of Labor Statistics has conducted sur­veys o f occupational earnings and related wage benefits on an area­wide basis. In this area, data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field econom ists to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, com m unica­tion, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and serv ices. M ajor industry groups excluded from these studies are government operations and the con ­struction and extractive industries. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are omitted also because they tend to furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry divisions which meet publication criteria .

These surveys are conducted on a sample basis because of the unnecessary cost involved in surveying all establishments. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than o f sm all establishments is studied. In combining the data, how­ever, all establishments are given their appropriate weight. Estimates based on the establishments studied are presented, therefore, as r e ­lating to all establishments in the industry grouping and area, ex ­cept for those below the minimum size studied.

Occupations and Earnings

The occupations selected for study are comm on to a variety o f manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Occupational c la s ­sification is based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account o f interestablishment variation in duties within the same job . (See appendix for listing of these descriptions.) Earnings data are presented (in the A -series tables) for the following types of o ccu ­pations: (a) O ffice clerica l; (b) professional and technical; (c) mainte­nance and power plant; and (d) custodial and m aterial movement.

Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for fu ll-tim e w orkers, i . e . , those hired to work a regular weekly sched­ule in the given occupational classification . Earnings data exclude prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded also, but c o s t -o f- living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Where weekly hours are reported, as for office c lerica l occupations, reference is

to the work schedules (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which straight-tim e salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occupations have been rounded to the nearest half dollar.

Average earnings of men and women are presented separately for selected occupations in which both sexes are commonly employed. D ifferences in pay levels o f men and women in these occupations are largely due to (1) differences in the distribution of the sexes among industries and establishments; (2)' d ifferences in specific duties per­form ed, although the occupations are appropriately classified within the same survey job description; and (3) differences in length of serv ­ice or m erit review when individual salaries are adjusted on this basis. Longer average serv ice of men would result in higher average pay when both sexes are employed within the same rate range. Job descriptions used in classifying em ployees in these surveys are usu­ally m ore generalized than those used in individual establishments to allow for m inor differences among establishments in specific duties perform ed.

Occupational employment estim ates represent the total in ail establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actu­ally surveyed. Because o f differences in occupational structure among establishm ents, the estim ates of occupational employment obtained from the sample o f establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occu ­pational structure do not m aterially affect the accuracy of the earn­ings data.

Establishment P ractices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Information is presented (in the B -ser ie s tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant w orkers. The concept "office w ork ers ," as used in this bulletin, includes working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers perform ing c le r ica l or related functions, and excludes admin­istrative, executive, and professional personnel. "Plant w orkers" in­clude working forem en and all nonsupervisory workers (including lead- men and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, and professional em ployees, and force-account construction em ployees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Cafeteria workers and route men are excluded in manufacturing indus­tries, but are included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries.

1

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2

Shift differential data (table B - l ) are lim ited to manufacturing industries. This inform ation is presented both in term s of (a) estab­lishment p o licy ,1 presented in term s o f total plant worker em ploy­ment, and (b) effective practice, presented in term s o f workers actually em ployed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. In establishments having varied differentials, the amount applying to a m ajority was used o r , if no amount applied to a m ajority, die c la s ­sification "other" was used. In establishments in which some late- shift hours are paid at norm al rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a m ajority of the shift hours.

Minimum entrance salaries (table B -2 ) relate only to the establishments visited. They are presented in term s of establish­ments with form al minimum salary policies.

The scheduled hours (table B -3) of a m ajority of the fir s t - shift workers in an establishment are tabulated as applying to all o f the plant or office workers o f that establishment. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans (tables B -4 through B -6 ) are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or o ffice w orkers i f a m ajority o f such workers are e li­gible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Sums of individual item s in tables B -3 through B -6 may not equal totals be ­cause of rounding.

The firs t part o f the paid holidays table (table B -4) presents the number o f whole and half holidays actually provided. The second part combines whole and half holidays to show total holiday tim e.

The summary o f vacation plans (table B -5 ) is lim ited to fo r ­mal p olicies , excluding inform al arrangements whereby time o ff with pay is granted at the d iscretion o f the em ployer. Separate estimates are provided according to em ployer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time payments, percent o f annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts. However, in the tabulations o f vacation pay, pay­ments not on a time basis were so converted; for exam ple, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week's pay.

1 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time o f the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts.

Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans (table B -6) fo r which at least a part o f the cost is borne by the em ­ployer, excepting only legal requirements such as workm en's com pen­sation, socia l security, and railroad retirem ent. Such plans include those underwritten by a com m ercial insurance company and those p ro ­vided through a union fund or paid d irectly by the em ployer out o f current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance.

Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type o f in ­surance under which predetermined cash payments are made d irectly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the em ployer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted tem porary disability insurance laws which require em ­ployer contributions,2 plans are included only if the em ployer (1) con ­tributes m ore than is legally required, o r (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulation? of paid sick -leave plans are limited to form al plans 3 which provide full pay or a proportion o f the w orker's pay during absence from work because o f illness. Separate tabulations are presented according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting period . In addition to the presentation o f the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types o f benefits.

Catastrophe insurance, som etim es referred to as extended m edical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect em ployees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. M edical insurance refers to plans providing for com plete or partial payment of d octors ' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com m er­cia l insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may be self-insured . Tabulations of retirement pension plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly payments fo r the rem ainder o f the w orker's life .

2 The tem porary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require em ployer contributions.

3 An establishment was considered as having a form al plan if it established at least the minimum number of days o f sick leave that could be expected by each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but inform al sick -leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded.

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3

Table 1. E stablishm ents and w ork ers within scope of survey and num ber studied in M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich ., 1 by m a jor industry d iv ision , 2 May 1962

Industry d iv ision

M inim um em ploym ent in e sta b lish ­

m ents in scope o f study

N um ber of establishm ents W orkers in establishm ents

Within scope of study 3

StudiedWithin scop e of study Studied

T o ta l4 O ffice Plant T ota l4

A ll d iv ision s __________________________________________________ 50 76 53 26 ,100 3, 200 19,300 24,290

M anufacturing ___ ______ ____ ___ _______ __ _ _ 50 44 31 22, 200 2, 200 17,300 20, 960N o n m a n u fa ctu r in g ___ ___ _____________________________________ 50 32 22 3 ,900 1, 000 2, 000 3, 330

T ran sp ortation , com m unication , and otherpublic u tilit ies 5 _________ _ ___ _____ ..____________ _____ 50 8 8 1, 800 500 700 1, 780

W holesale trade _________________ ___________________ ______ 50 4 2 200 (*) (t ) 170R eta il trade __________ ______ _________ _____ __ . 50 13 7 1, 300 ( > (M 930F inan ce , in su ran ce , and rea l estate __ _____ _ _____ 50 4 2 400 C> (M 250S erv ices 7 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 3 3 200 (6 ) (6 ) 200

1 The M uskegon—M uskegon Heights Standard M etropolitan Statistica l A rea con sists o f M uskegon County. The "w o rk e rs within scope of study" estim ates shown in the table provide a r e a ­sonably accu rate d escr ip tion o f the size and com position of the labor fo r c e included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a b a sis of com parison with other areaem ploym ent indexes to m easu re em ploym ent trends or leve ls since (1) planning of w age surveys req u ires the use o f establishm ent data com p iled con sid erab ly in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded from the scope o f the survey.

2 The 1957 re v ise d edition o f the Standard Industrial C la ss ifica tion Manual was used in c la ssify in g establishm ents by industry d iv ision . M ajor changes fro m the ea r lie r edition (used in theB u rea u 's labor m arket w age surveys conducted p r io r to July 1958) are the tran sfer o f m ilk pasteurization plants and rea d y -m ix ed con crete establishm ents fro m trade (w holesale or retail) to m anufacturing, and the tran sfer of rad io and te lev is ion broadcasting fro m se rv ice s to the transportation , com m unication , and other public u tilities div ision .

3 Includes all establishm ents with total em ploym ent at or above the m in im u m -size lim itation . A ll outlets (within the area) of com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repairse rv ice , and m otion -p ictu re theaters are con sidered as 1 establishm ent.

4 Includes execu tive , p ro fession a l, and other w ork ers excluded fro m the separate o ffice and plant ca tegor ies .5 T a x icabs and s e rv ice s incidental to water transportation w ere excluded.6 Th is industry d iv ision is represented in estim ates for " a l l in du stries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S eries A and B tab les. Separate presentation o f data for this d iv ision is not made

fo r one or m ore of the follow ing reason s : (1) Em ploym ent in the d iv ision is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sam ple w as not designed in itia lly to perm it sepa­rate presentation , (3) resp on se was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation , and (4) there is p oss ib ility o f d isc lo su re of individual establishm ent data.

7 H otels ; p erson a l s e r v ic e s ; business s e rv ice s ; autom obile rep a ir shops; m otion p ictu res ; nonprofit m em bersh ip organ ization s; and engineering and arch itectu ra l se rv ices .

Table 2. P ercen ts o f in crea se in standard w eekly sa la r ies and stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r se lected occupational groups in M uskegoir-M uskegon H eights, M ich ., M ay 1961 to M ay 1962,

and M ay I960 to M ay 1961

Industry and occupational groupM ay 1961

toMay 1962

M ay I960 to

M ay 1961

A ll industries:O ffice c le r ica l (m en and w om en) __ __ ______ __ 4.3 3.9

4.0 1.83.4 2.74.2 2.7

M anufacturing:4.1 4.44.0 1.83.4 2.74.6 2.1

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4Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups

Presented in table 2 are percents of change in salaries of office clerica l w orkers and industrial nurses, and in average earnings of selected plant worker groups.

For office c lerica l w orkers and industrial nurses, the p er­cents of change relate to average weekly salaries for norm al hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-tim e salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they m easure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for over­time and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The p er­centages are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the num erically important jobs within each group. The o f­fice clerica l data are based on men and women in the following 19 jobs: Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; clerks, accounting, class A and B; clerks, file , class A, B, and C; clerks, order; clerks, pay­roll; Comptometer operators; keypunch operators, class A and B; office boys and g irls ; secretaries; stenographers, general; stenogra­phers, senior; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine operators, class B; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on men and women industrial nurses. Men in the following 8 skilled maintenance jobs and 2 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters; electricians; machinists; m e­chanics; mechanics, atuomotive; painters; pipefitters; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; and laborers, material handling.

Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average sal­

aries or hourly earnings were then multiplied by the average em ploy­ment in the job during the period surveyed in 1961. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were then totaled to obtain an ag­gregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for the one year to the aggregate fo r the other year was computed and the difference between the result and 100 is the percent of change from the one period to the other.

The percent of change m easures, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) m erit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, fo rce expan­sions, fo rce reductions, and changes in the proportions of w orkers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor fo rce can cause increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a fo rce expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid w orkers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments.

The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in­cluded in the data. Nor are the percents of change influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in prem ium pay for overtim e, since they are based on pay for straight-tim e hours.

The above text represents the method used in computing a new trend series . The expansion of the labor market wage survey program in 1961 made data available in 82 areas for the computation of wage trends for selected job groupings. Sixty-one areas were surveyed in I960; prior to I960, coverage was limited to 20 areas. Therefore, it was decided to compute a new trend series in which 1961 will be the base year since this is the firs t year in which data were collected in a ll 82 areas.

The percents of change shown in table 2 are not comparable with sim ilar data shown for this area in last yea r 's Bulletin 1285-69. The new series intro­duces changes in the job groupings for which trends are shown and changes in jobs included in the computations.

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A: Occupational EarningsTable A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women

(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ich., May 1962)

Sex, occupation, and industry division

Average N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G S T R A IG H T -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S O F —

N um berof

workersWeekly,hours

(Standard)

W eek ly , earn ings1

(Standard)

$45.00 and

under50.00

$50.00

55.00

$55.00

60.00

*60.00

65.00

*65.00

70.00

$70.00

75.00

$75.00

80.00

$80.00

85,00

$85.00

30 .00

s90.00

9.5 J)0

$95.00

JJMLQG

$100.00

105.00

$105.00

110.00

$110.00

115.0Q

$115.00

120.00

$120.00

125.00

125.00

130.00

$130.00

*135.00

$135.00

140.00

140.00

145.00

Meni

i|

i

|

1

: i

C lerks, accounting, cla ss A ____________ 43 40.0 $117.00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i _ 3 1 4 2 12 11 3 3 1 1Manufacturing ________________________ 38 40.0 118.00 - - " - - - - - 2 1 4 2 12 11 3 2 - 1

Tabulating-m achine operators,c la s s B _________________________________ 27 40.0 94.00 - - - - i 1 1 3 6 4 2 3 - 3 3 - - - - -

Manufacturing ________________________ 19 40.0 100.00 ■ " " ■ _ 5 3 2 3 " 3 3 • ~ ■ ~ ■

Women

Bookkeeping-m achine operators,cla ss B _________________________________ 21 40.0 65.50 - 3 3 5 5 1 - 2 2

C lerks, accounting, c la ss A ____________ 39 40.0 89.50 . . . . 2 11 4 6 . 4 6 3 3 _ . _ _Manufacturing ------- ------------ ------- — 20 40.0 85.50 - - " - - 2 6 4 3 2 - 3 - - - -

C lerks, accounting, c la ss B ____________ 88 40.0 78.50 1 1 4 15 11 9 4 7 9 13 12 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ________________________ 41 40.0 76.00 - - 3 9 6 6 3 4 - 1 7 2 - - - - - - i - -Nonmanufacturing ____________________ 47 40.0 80.50 1 1 1 6 5 3 1 3 9 12 5 - - - - - - - - -

Public u tilit ie s2 __________________ 23 40.0 83.00 - “ - 3 1 2 1 2 5 8 1 - “ - - - -

C lerks, file , class A 3 __ __ __ __ ------- 28 40.0 67.00 _ 3 10 3 2 1 5 2 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

C lerks, payroll __________________________ 60 40.0 73.00 . 3 2 7 10 12 10 9 5 2 _ . . . . _ . .Manufacturing ________________________ 47 40.0 72.50 3 1 5 7 11 8 8 3 1 - - - - - -

Com ptom eter operators _________________ 51 40.0 76.00 3 3 7 5 5 5 1 1 _ 21 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _M an u factu rin g_— ______ __ ------- __ 51 40.0 76.00 3 3 7 5 5 5 1 1 " 21 - - - - - - - -

Keypunch operators, c la ss B 3 _________ 70 40.0 67.00 6 9 4 20 6 7 6 3 2 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ________________________ 49 40.0 71.00 - 6 1 12 6 6 6 3 2 7 “ - " - - -

S ecretaries _______________________________ 154 40.0 90.00 1 _ 1 _ 4 27 9 19 11 18 12 32 9 6 3 1 _ _ 1 _Manufacturing ________ ____ „ ____ 115 40.0 92.50 - - - - 3 12 9 13 8 14 11 31 7 4 2 1 - - - -Nonmanufacturing _ __ „ ________ __ 39 40.0 83.50 1 - 1 1 15 " 6 3 4 1 1 2 2 1 - " - 1

Stenographers, g en era l3 ________________ 99 40.0 65.50 _ 9 14 29 19 13 9 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ________________________ 80 40.0 67.00 - 2 11 24 17 12 9 5

Stenographers, s e n io r3 _________________ 90 40.0 86.50 _ _ _ _ 1 12 17 10 7 11 32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ________________________ 85 40.0 86.50“ - - - - 1 12 16 8 7 10 31 - - - -

Switchboard o p e ra to r -re ce p t io n is ts____ 33 40.0 70.50 _ 1 2 5 10 5 3 5 2Manufacturing _____ __ __ __ __ ____ 26 40.0 69.50 - 1 2 5 7 4 3 2 2 " " - - - “ - -

Typists, c la ss A _________________________ 83 40.0 84.00 _ _ 1 3 8 7 8 6 5 45 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing ________________________ 80 40.0 84.50 - - 3 8 7 8 4 5 45 - - " - " " - -

Typists, c la ss B _________________________ 92 40.0 60.00 2 14 26 33 8 9 _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Manufacturing _____ ________ ________ 69 40.0 61.00 2 5 20 25 8 9

Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.D escription fo r this job has been revised since the last survey in this area. See appendix A.

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6Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women

(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ich ., May 1962)

Average NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—

Sex, occupation, and industry division$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

of Weekly, Weekly , 65. 00 70.00 75. 00 80.00 85. 00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125. 00 130.00 135. 00 140. 00workers hours earnings and(Standard) (Standard) under " “ " " ” " “ “ “ " “ ■ "

--------- ------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------- — :------------------ -------------- 70. 00 75.00 80. 00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 105.00 110,00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135. 00 140.00 145. 00

Men

Draftsmen, senior ______ —-------— ------------- -------------------- 114 40.0 $119.50 _ _ _ _ 1 2 5 6 9 12 19 17 21 10 11 1^ p u f a p ^ n r i n g 114 4 0 .0 119.50 _ ■ _ _ 1 2 5 6 9 12 19 17 21 10 j 11 1

Draftsmen, junior ------------------------------------------------------------ 62 40 .0 96. 50 2 _ 6 8 3 8 7 13 5 3 3 1 3 _ _Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------- 62 40. 0 96. 50 2 - 6 8 3 8 7 13 5 3 3 1 3 -

Women

Nurses, industrial (reg istered) ------------------------------------- 17 40.0 90.00 1 1 _ 4 2 3 4 1 1 _ _ _ _ „ _ _Manufac tu r ing ------------------------------------------------------------- 17 40.0 90.00 1 ' 1 - 4 2 3 4 1 1 * ■ - “ "

1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which em ployees receive their regular straight-tim e salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours.

Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined(Average straight-tim e weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis

by industry division, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ich ., May 1962)

Occupation and industry division Numberof

workers

Average weekly

earnings1 (Standard)

Occupation and industry division Numberof

Average weekly .

earnings * (Standard)

Occupation and industry division Numberof

Average weekly .

earnings * (Standard)

O ffice occupations O ffice occupations— Continued O ffice occupations— Continued

Bookkeeping-machine operators, cla ss B -------------------- 21 $65. 50 Comptometer operators ----------------- -------------------------------------- 51 $76 .00 Tabulating-machine operators, class B ---------------------------- 33 $92 .00Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 76.00 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 98. 50

Clerks, accounting, cla ss A -------------------------------------------------- 82 103. 50Manufacturing ________ __ __ — ------------------------ 58 106. $0 Keypunch operators, cla ss B 1 2 3 ---------------------------------------------- 70 67.00 Typists, class A _____ ________________________ ____ ___ 84 84.00

49 71.00 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 84. 50Clerks, accounting, class B -------------------------------------------------- 95 79.00

M a n n f a r h i r i n g . . . _ _____ ___ . . . _ _ 47 77. 50 S e c r e t a r i e s . _ _ - - _______- 154 90.00 Typists, class B ______________________________________ 92 60. 00Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 80.00 Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 115 92. 50 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 61.00

24 82.00 Nonmamtfa ctur ’ rig 39 83,50Professional and technical occupations

Clerks, file, class A 3 ____________________________ 28 67.00Stenographers, gen era l3 —_________ ___ — — 100 66.00 Draftsmen, senior ____________________________________ 114 119. 50

Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 81 67.50 114 119.50Clerks, order ------------ ----------------- — ----------------- 17 95. 00

Manufacturing ________ — ____ — ----------------- 17 95. 00 Stenographers, se n io r3 ____ -__ _____________ — - 90 86.50 Draftsmen, junior . ____ — ------- ~ ---------------------- 62 96. 5085 86.50 62 96.50

Clerks, payroll --------------------------------------------------------- 63 74. 50 1Manufacturing ____________________________________ 48 73.50 Switchboard operator-reception ists -------------------------- 33 70.50 Nurses, industrial (reg istered) ______________________ 17 90.00Nonmanufacturing ------------------------------------------------ 15 79.00 Manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------- 26 69.50 Manufacturing 17 90.00

1 Earnings are for a regular workweek for which em ployees receive their straight-tim e weekly sa laries, exclusive o f any prem ium pay.2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.3 D escription for this job has been revised since the last survey in this area. See appendix A.

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7

(Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division* Muskegon-M uskegon Heights, M ich., May 1962) 1 2

Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—

Occupation and industry divisionNumberofworkers

Average hourly j Under$1.70

\ 7nSunder1.80

$1.80

1.90

$1.90

2.00

$2.00

2.10

$2.10

2.20

$2.20

2.30

$2.30

2.40

$2.40

2.50

$2.50

2.60

*2.60

2.70

$2.70

2.80

$2.80

2.90

$2.90

3.00

$3.00

3.10

$3.10

3.20

$3.20

3.30

$3.30

3.40

$3.40

3.50

C arpenters, maintenance _____________________ 24 $2.77 5 2 2 7 8Manufacturing _______________________________ 24 2.77 * - - " “ 5 2 “ 2 7 - 8 - “ “

E lectric ian s, maintenance ____________________ 124 2.85 _ . . _ _ . _ 2 1 10 17 8 45 2 3 36Manufacturing ______________________________ 123 2.85 " - - “ - ■ 2 1 10 17 7 45 2 3 36 - "

F irem en, stationary boiler ____________________ 50 2.41 3 4 . _ 3 . 11 7 3 _ . 3 8 8 .Manufacturing ____________ ____ ______ — 47 2.50 - 4 - ■ 3 - 11 7 3 - - 3 8 “ 8 - - - -

M achine-tool operators, toolroom ____________ 61 3.07 _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 3 4 9 10 j 17 13Manufacturing -_____________________________ 6 l 3.07 “ " " " " ■ ■ “ 2 2 3 4 9 10

117 13 -

M achinists, maintenance ______________________ 74 2.90 . _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ 4 39 2 9 8 5 !Manufacturing _______________ _____ _______ 72 2.89 6 ■ 4 39 2 9 8 4 -

M echanics, automotive (maintenance) ________ 54 2.77 . . . . _ . _ 9 _ . 11 21 4 9 _ _Manufacturing ________________________ ______ 29 2.71 - - - - - - - 9 - - - 2 13 - 5 - - - -Nonmanufacturing __________________________ 25 2.85 9 8 4 4 - - - -

PiiKlir 11HI1H as ^ 25 2.85 9 8 4 4

M echanics, maintenance ________________-_____ 141 2.84 35 80 25Manufacturing ______________________________ 141 2.84 35 - 80 1 - 25 ■ - -

M illwrights _____________________________________ 109 2.77 . _ . . . . _ 32 ! _ 3 46 ! 26 _ . .Manufacturing ______________________________ 109 2.77 " ' “ “ ■ " * 32 1 " 3 46

126 “ ■

0 ile r8 ___________________________________________ 35 2.48 _ ! _ _ _ 12 5 3 1 8 _ _ _ 5 _ . .Manufacturing ______________________________ 35 2.48 " ■ 1 ' " “ “ 12 5 3

18 “ “ “ 5 ~ “ _

Pipefitters, maintenance ______________________ 62 2.79 . _ . _ _ _ _ 9 2 13 _ 18 5 15 _ .Manufacturing ----------------------------------------------- 62 2.79 " ■ " ■ “ " “ ■ 9 2 13 “ 18 5 15 ■ “ “

T ool and die m akers ________ __________________ 161 3.11 ! ! 24 19 59 6 5 32 14Manufacturing _______________________________ 16 i 3.11 1 1 24 19 59 6 5 32 14

1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.

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8Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations

(Average straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ich., May 1962)

NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—

Occupation1 and industry divisionNumberofworkers

Average hourly , earnings Under$1.20

$1.20and

under1.30

0 0

CO T*

$1.40

1.50

$1.50

1.60

$1.60

1.70

$1.70

1.80

$1.80

1.90

$1.90

2.00

$2.00

2.10

*2.10

2.20

$2.20

2.30

*2.30

2.40

$2.40

2.50

*2.50

2.60

$2.60

2.70

*2.70

2.80

*2.80

2.90

*2.90

3.00

$3.00

3.10

*3.10

3.20

*3.20

3.30

87 $2.39 28 21 2 34Manufacturing ------- ------------------------ — __ 87 2.39 - " - ~ - " " " 28 21 1 2 1 34 - - ■ "

Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) ________ 263 2.22 3 _ 2 1 11 . 3 11 13 34 10 33 9 116 17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _Manufacturing _______________ _____________ 226 2.28 - - - - 2 - 2 10 13 26 7 33 9 107 17 - - - - - ' - -Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ 37 1.84 3 - 2 1 9 - 1 1 - 8 3 - - 9 - - - - - - - -

Public u tilit ies1 2 3 — -_ ------- — — 17 2.20 - " - 1 - - 1 1 2 3 " - 9 - - " " -

Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) _____ 32 1.72 _ 7 _ _ _ 10 2 2 3 5 _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -Manufacturing ____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 15 1793 - - - - - 2 2 2 3 4 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - -Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ 17 1.53 " 7 - “ - 8 - - 1 - " - 1 - - ’

L aborers, m aterial han d lin g__________________ 239 2.26 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 _ 63 6 67 13 _ 51 14 _ _ 2 _ _ 2Manufacturing __ __ __ __________ __ ._ __ 2*5 2.27 ■ “ " " “ - 20 " 61 6 56 13 51 14 " " 2 ' " 2

O rder fillers ____________________________________ 45 2.47 _ 26 3 1 6 2 7 _ _ _ _M anufacturin g----------------------------------------------- 36 2.38 26 3 1 6 ■ ■ “ “ ” "

Packers, shipping _ __ __ __ ---------------------- __ 215 2.40 5 52 25 5 9 112 . . 2 5 . _ .Manufacturing ____ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ 210 2.39 " " - - " - 5 52 25 5 9 112 - - 2 - ■

Receiving clerks ________________________________ 39 2.37 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ 15 ! 4 6 4 3 3 1 _ _ _ _M anufacturin g----------------------------------------------- 38 2.38 ~ ■ ~ “ ■ " ■ 1 “ 15 1 4 6 4 3 3 1 “ “ ~

Shipping clerks _ __ __ __ __ -_ __ ------- __ __ 25 2.59 _ . . . . . . _ . 3 . 5 . . 6 8 2 _ _ _ 1Manufacturing __ __ __ __ __ ________ __ __ ----- 25— " 2 .59 '" " " - - - - 3 - 5 - - 6 8 2 " ■ 1

T ruckd rivers4 ____ __ — ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 2.58 . . . . 1 1 _ 1 4 3 14 . 4 ! 8 6 4 _ _M anufacturin g----------------------------------------------- 36 2.55 “ “ " - - 1 - - - 1 3 2 14 ■ 4 ' 1 6 - 4 " “

Truckdrivers, medium ( 1 V2 to andincluding 4 tons) ...... . ...... , _____ 15 2.55 - - - - _ - 1 - - - 1 1 3 1 - 4 - - - 4 - -

T ruckers, power ( fo r k l i f t ) ____ __ __ __ ____ 164 2.37 6 8 14 38 1 46 42 4 5M anufacturin g----------------------------------------------- 158 2.38 - - - - - - - ------ 57 - 2 14 38 1 46 42 4 “ 5 " “ ~

Truckers, power (other thanforklift) ____ _ __ __ __ — __ ____ __ ____ 85 2.38 - - - - - - - - - 15 - 4 25 - 41 - - - - - - -

M anufacturin g----------------------------------------------- 85 2.38 " - " " - " - - 15 ■ 4 25 " 41 " " ■ “ " “

Watchmen __ __ ____ _ __ ____ _ __ _ 20 2.03 1 . _ . 4 3 3 . . . . 5 _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ _

1 Data lim ited to men w orkers except where otherwise indicated.2 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.4 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated.

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9B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions

Table B-l. Shift Differentials(Shift d iffe re n tia ls o f m anufacturing plant w o rk e rs by type and am ount o f d iffe ren tia l,

M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich . , M ay 1962)

P e rce n t o f m anufacturin g plant w o rk e rs —

Shift d ifferen tia lIn estab lish m en ts having fo rm a l

p ro v is io n s 1 fo r — A ctu a lly w ork ing on—

Second shift w ork

T h ird o r other sh ift w ork S econd shift T h ird o r other

sh ift

T otal ---------- ------------------ --------------- -------- ----- 9 8 .9 9 1 .7 18. 7 4. 3

With sh ift pay d ifferen tia l ------------------------------------ 98. 5 9 1 .3 18. 6 4. 2

U niform cents (p er hour) -------------------------------- 6 5 .6 61. 1 12. 6 3. 2

5 cents 25. 0 6. 8 4. 6 . 46 cents ----------------------------------------------------------- 24. 9 19. 0 4 .6 . 37 cents ------------- ------- -------------------------------- 9. 3 - 2 .9 -

7 1/ 2 cents ___________________________________ . 8 2. 7 - . 18 cents ----------------------------------------------------------- 1. 4 . 3 . 2 (1 2 )9 cents ______ __________ _________________ _ - 9. 3 - . 310 cents ---------- — ----------------------------- ----- 1 .9 12. 7 - .411 cents ___ ____________________________ - 1. 6 - . 212 cents ____________________________________ - 4. 4 - 1. 1I 2 V 2 cents -------------------------------------------------- - . 8 - -15 cents ____________________________________ .9 1. 1 . 1 -16 cents ____________________________________ - 1. 1 - . 218 cents -------------------------------------------------------- 1. 4 1 .4 . 2 . 2

U niform percen ta ge ----------------------------------------- 6 .4 1. 1 .9 . 1

5 p ercen t ___________________________________ 6. 4 1. 1 .9 . 1

Pay fo r m o re hours than w ork ed ------------------ 26. 5 26. 5 5. 2 .6

O ther fo rm a l pay d ifferen tia l ------------------------ - 2. 5 - .4

No shift pay d ifferen tia l -------------------- ---------------- . 4 . 4 . 1 . 1

1 Includes estab lishm ents cu rren tly operatin g late sh ifts , and estab lish m en ts w ith fo rm a l p ro v is io n s co v e r in g late sh ifts even though they w ere not cu rre n tly operatin g late sh ifts .

2 L ess than 0. 05 percen t.

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10Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers

(D istribution o f establishm ents studied in a ll industries and in industry d iv ision s by m in im um entrance sa lary fo r se lected ca te g o r ie s o f in experien ced w om en o ffic e w ork ers , M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich., May 1962)

Inexperienced typists Other in exp erien ced c le r i c a l w o rk ers

M inim um w eekly sa lary 1 A llindustries

M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing Manuf actur ing N onm anufacturing

B ased on standard w eekly hours 1 2‘ o f— A llindustries

B ased on standard w eek ly h ou rs 3 o f—

A llschedu les 40 A ll

schedu les 40 A llschedules 40 A ll

sch edu les 40

Establishm ents studied ____________________________________________ 53 31 XXX 22 XXX 53 31 XXX 22 XXX

E stablishm ents having a sp e c ifie d m inim um ____________________ 24 18 18 6 6 28 18 18 10 10

$40.00 and under $42 .50 _______________________________________ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ 2 2$42 .50 and under $45 .00 _______________________________________ - - - - - 1 - - 1 1$45.00 and under $47 .50 ________________________________________ 4 2 2 2 2 6 3 3 3 3$47.50 and under $50 .00 ______ _______________________________ 3 3 3 - - 3 3 3 - -

$ 50.00 and under $ 52.50 ________________________________________ 9 6 6 3 3 9 6 6 3 3$52.50 and under $55 .00 ___________________ __________________ 3 3 3 - - 2 2 2 - -

$55.00 and under $57 .50 _______________________________________ 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 - -

$ 57.50 and under $60 .00 _______________________________________ 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 _ -

$60.00 and under $62 .50 ------------------------------------------------------------ 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1$62.50 and under $65 .00 _______________________________________ - - - - - - - - - -

$65.00 and under $67 .50 ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 I 1 - - 1 1 1 - -

Establishm ents having no sp ec ified m in im um ------ - ----------------- 7 6 XXX 1 XXX 7 6 XXX 1 XXX

Establishm ents which did not em ploy w ork ersin this ca tegory ________ ________________________________________ 22 7 XXX 15 XXX 18 7 XXX 11 XXX

1 Low est sa lary rate fo rm a lly estab lished fo r h iring in exp erien ced w ork ers fo r typing o r other c le r ic a l job s .2 Rates app licab le to m essen g ers , o ffic e g ir ls , o r s im ila r su b c le r ica l job s a re not con sid ered .3 H ours r e fle c t the w orkw eek fo r w hich em ployees r e ce iv e their regu lar s tra igh t-tim e sa la r ie s . Data are presented fo r a ll w orkw eeks com bined, and f o r the m o st com m on w orkw eek rep orted .

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11Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours

(P ercent distribution o f o ffice and plant w ork ers in a ll industries and in industry d iv ision s by scheduled w eekly hoursof f ir s t -s h ift w ork ers , M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich ., M ay 1962)

O F F I C E W O R K E R S P L A N T W O R K E R S

W eekly hoursAll in d u stries1 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u tilit ie s1 2 A ll in d u stries3 M an u fa ctu r in g P u b lic utilitie.'.2

A ll w ork ers _____________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 1 0 0

T T n r ^ r 4 f t V i o n r s ( 4 )99 99

1100 93 94 92

42 h o u r s _________ _____ _____ ________________ ____ ______ . . . 1 ( 4 )1

n4 4 h o u r s _ ______ .. ^ „ _

_ _ 1 _ 64 8 h o u r s ____ ______________ ____ (4") _ _ 5 4 2

5 3 hours — 1 1

1 Includes data fo r w holesa le trade; reta il trade; finance, insurance , and rea l estate; and se rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately.2 T ran sp ortation , com m unication, and other public utilities .3 Includes data fo r w holesale trade, reta il trade, rea l estate, and se rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv isions shown separately.4 L ess than 0.5 percent.

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12Table B-4. Paid Holidays

(P ercen t distribution of o ffice and plant w ork ers in all industries and in industry div isions by number of paid holidaysprovided annually, M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich ., M ay 1962)

ItemO F F I C E W O R K E R S P L A N T W O R K E R S

A ll in d u stries1 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic utilities1 2 All in d u stries3 4 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u tilities 2

100 100 100 100 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents provid ingpaid holidays _____ ________________ — ~ _ 99 100 100 99 100 100

W orkers in establishm ents provid ingno paid holidays ______ — ------------- -------------- (4 )

'1

Number of days

4 holidays _ ______ _____ — ------- --------- 16 holidays _______________ _____________ ______ 9 6 7 12 8 106 holidays plus 2 half days _____________________ 46 65 - 64 72 -7 holidays ____________ __ --------------- ----- --------- 25 15 93 15 13 907 holidays plus 1 half day ----------- ------------------- (4 ) - - - - -7 holidays plus 2 half days ----- --------- ------------- 1 1 - 1 2 -8 holidays ___________________ _________________ 9 13 - 6 6 -10 holidays _________________ ______ ____ ____ 10

Total holiday time5

10 days _________________________________________ 108 or m ore days _________________ _______________ 20 14 - 7 8 -7 V2 or m ore days ------------------------------------------------ 20 14 - 7 8 _7 or m ore days __________________________ __ 91 94 93 87 92 906 or m ore days ____ __________________________ 99 100 100 99 100 1004 or m ore days _ __________ __________ __ __ 99 100 100 99 100 100

1 Includes data fo r w holesa le trade; re ta il trade; finance, insurance, and rea l estate; and se rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv isions shown separately.2 T ransportation , com m unication , and other public utilities .3 Includes data for w h olesa le trade, re ta il trade, rea l estate, and se rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv isions shown separately.4 L ess than 0.5 percent.5 A ll com binations o f fu ll and half days that add to the sam e amount are com bined; for exam ple, the proportion of w ork ers receiv in g a total of 7 days includes those with 7 fu ll days and

no half days, 6 fu ll days and 2 half days, 5 fu ll days and 4 half days, and so on. P rop ortion s w ere then cum ulated.

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13Table B-5. Paid Vacations

(P ercen t distribution of o ffice and plant w ork ers in all industries and in industry d iv ision s by vacation payp rov is ion s , M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich ., M ay 1962)

OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERSV acation p o licy

All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2

A ll w o rk ers ____________________ ___________ ___ 100 100 100 100 100 100

M e th o d o f p a y m e n t

W orkers in estab lishm ents providing100 100 100 100 100 100

L e n g th -o f-tim e paym ent ------------------------------- 99 99 100 72 70 100P ercen tage paym ent ________________________ (4 ) 1 - 27 28 -F la t-su m paym ent --------- ------------------------------ - - - - - -Other ___________________________ — _____ __ 1 1 - 1 1 _

W ork ers in estab lishm ents providingno paid vacations _______________ ____________ "

A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 5

A fter 6 m onths o f se rv ice

Under 1 w eek ____________________________________ 4 6 _ 48 54 41 w eek _____ ___ ___ ____ ______________ ___________ _ 59 64 17 2 2 18O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ______________________ 5 7 - 1 1 -

A fter 1 year of s e rv ice

1 w eek ____________________________________________ 23 8 89 64 60 87O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ______________________ 1 1 _ 33 37 _2 w eeks ___________________ _ _____ __ _________ 75 88 11 2 2 13O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ______________________ - - - 1 1 _3 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2 - - -

A fter 2 y ea rs o f se rv ice

1 w eek ____________________________________________ 3 1 8 56 59 19O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks _ ________ ______ 1 1 2 33 37 _2 w e e k s ______ __________ _________________ ______ 95 95 90 10 3 81O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks _ ________ _________ 1 1 - 1 1 _3 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 2 - - - -

A fter 3 y ea rs o f se rv ice

1 w eek 1 1 _ 26 29 _O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s _______ ________ __ (4) 1 - 54 59 _2 w eeks _________ ______________________________ 97 95 100 19 11 100O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks ____________________ _ 1 1 - 1 1 _3 w e e k s __ _______ ___________________________ _ 1 2 - - -

A fter 4 y ea rs o f se rv ice

1 w eek ____________ ______________ _____ __ 1 1 _ 26 29O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks ______________________ (4) 1 _ 54 59 _2 w eeks _______________ 97 95 100 19 11 100O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks __________________ _ 1 1 _ 1 1 _3 w eeks ___________________ ________ __ ____ 1 2

See footn otes at end o f table.

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14Table B-5. Paid Vacations— Continued

(P ercen t distribution of o ffice and plant w ork ers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation payp rov is ion s , M uskegon—M uskegon H eights, M ich ., M ay 1962)

O F F I C E W O R K E R S P L A N T W O R K E R S

V acation p o licyA ll in d u s tr ie s1 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u tilities2 A ll industries3 M a n u fa ctu r in g P u b lic u tilities 2

Amount of vacation p a y 5— ContinuedA fter 5 yea rs o f se rv ice

1 w eek ______ ___ _____________________ _ ____ _ . (4)Over 1 and under 2 w eeks ___________ _________ - - _ 1 1 _2 w eeks ______________ __ ____________________ 97 96 100 71 69 100Over 2 and under 3 w eeks ______ _____ _ ___ 1 1 - 26 29 _3 w eeks _____ __ __ _______ _ _________ 3 3 - 2 2 -

A fter 10 yea rs of se rv ice

1 w eek ____ _ ____ „ _________ _ _ _ (4) _ .2 w eeks ____ ___ _ _ __ ________ 49 51 67 30 30 47Over 2 and under 3 w eeks _____ __________ ______ 25 37 _ 55 61 _3 w eeks _____________ _______ __ __ ______ __ 26 12 33 14 8 53Over 3 and under 4 w eeks _ __ _______ - - - 1 2 -

A fter 12 yea rs o f se rv ice

1 w eek _ _ _ (4 ) _ .2 w eeks _ _____ __ ____ ______ __ _ ______ 47 48 67 28 28 41Over 2 and under 3 w eeks __________ __ _ _ 25 37 _ 55 61 _3 w eeks ___________________________________________ 28 15 33 16 9 59O ver 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s _ ______ - - - 1 2

A fter 15 yea rs of s e rv ice

1 w eek __ __ ___ ______ __ _____ _ ___ ____ _ _ _ (4 )2 w e e k s 8 5 6 4 3 _O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s ________ __ 1 1 _ 3 4 _3 w eeks __________ __ _____ ____________ __ 91 95 94 91 91 100O ver 3 and under 4 w eeks ______________________ - - 2 2 -

A fter 20 yea rs of s e rv ice

1 w eek __ __ __ __ _ _____ _ _ _ (4 ) _2 w eeks _____ ______ __ ___ _ _________ 8 5 6 3 2 _O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks _________ _______ ____ 1 1 _ 4 4 _3 w eeks _ ____ __ 86 91 84 85 89 79Over 3 and under 4 w eeks ______________________ _ _ _ 2 2 _4 w eeks ___ __ 5 3 10 5 3 21

A fter 25 yea rs of s e rv ice

1 w eek ---- __ _ _ _ (4 )2 w eeks . ---- _ 8 5 6 3 2 _O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks _____ __ _ __ __ 1 1 _ 4 4 _3 w eeks . 72 90 6 77 84 14Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ______________________ - - _ 2 24 w eeks ----------------------------------------------------------------- 19 5 88 13 7 86

1 Includes data fo r w holesa le trade; re ta il trade; finance, in surance , and rea l estate; and se rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .2 T ransportation , Com m unication, and other public u tilities .3 Includes data fo r w holesa le trade, re ta il trade, rea l estate, and s e rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately.4 L ess than 0.5 percent.5 P eriod s o f s e rv ice w ere a rb itra rily chosen and do not n e ce s s a r ily r e fle c t the individual p rov is ion s for p rog ress ion s . F or exam ple, the changes in prop ortion s indica ted at 10 years '

se rv ice include changes in p rov is ion s occu rrin g betw een 5 and 10 yea rs .

NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation a llow ances by yea rs o f s e rv ice , paym ents other than "len gth of t im e ," such as percentage o f annual earnings or f la t-su m paym ents, w ere converted to an equivalent tim e b a s is ; fo r exam ple, a paym ent o f 2 p ercen t of annual earnings was con sid ered as 1 w eek 's pay.

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15Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans

(P ercen t o f o ffice and plant w ork ers in all industries and in industry d iv ision s em ployed in establishm ents provid ing health, insurance, o r pension benefits, M uskegon—M uskegon Heights, M ic h . , May 1962)

Type o f benefitOFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS

All industries1 Manufacturing Public utilities1 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities2

A ll w ork e rs ------------------------------------- ---------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100

W ork ers in estab lish m en ts provid ing:

L ife in su ran ce — — ----------------------- — — 99 99 100 99 100 100A ccid en ta l death and d ism em b erm en t

in su ran ce . ------ —— .--------------------------------------- 79 81 69 84 87 53S ick n ess and acc id en t insurance o r

s ick leave o r b o th 4 ------ ---------- — — 96 96 98 97 99 96

S ick n ess and acc id en t insurance ------------- 54 58 65 79 84 40S ick leave (fu ll pay and no

w aiting p er iod ) ----------------------------------------- 48 45 33 4 1 56S ick leave (p a rtia l pay or

w aiting p er iod ) . . . — .------- — — — 6 7 - 15 15 -

H osp ita liza tion in su ran ce —--------------------------- 89 99 43 95 99 72S u rg ica l in su ran ce —-------------------------------- ------ 89 99 43 95 99 72M ed ica l in su ran ce — --------------------------------------- 84 92 43 87 91 64C atastroph e in su ran ce ---------------------------------- 51 62 61 46 49 37R etirem en t pen sion -------------------- . . . . . . . ---------- 91 93 88 92 93 86No health, in su ran ce , o r pension plan ------- (5) 1

1 Includes data fo r w h olesa le trade; re ta il trade; finance, insurance, and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .2 T ran sp orta tion , com m u nication , and other public u tilit ies .2 Includes data fo r w holesa le trade, re ta il trade, rea l estate, and se rv ice s in addition to those industry d iv ision s shown separately .4 U nduplicated tota l o f w ork ers rece iv in g s ick leave o r s ick n ess and accid en t insurance shown separately below . S ick -lea v e plans are lim ited to those w hich defin itely estab lish at least

the minimu^n num ber o f d a y s ' pay that can be expected by each em ployee . In form al s ick -le a v e a llow an ces determ ined on an individual basis are excluded.5 L e ss than 0 . 5 p ercen t.

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Appendix A: Changes in Occupational Descriptions

Since the Bureau’ s last survey in this area, occupational descriptions for three office jobs were revised in order to obtain salary information for more specific categories. Therefore, data presented for these jobs in table A-l are not comparable to data presented in last year’ s bulletin.

Revisions were made in the descriptions for file clerks, key­punch operators, and stenographers. The revised description for file clerk groups these workers into three levels (class A, B, and C) in­

stead of two (class A and B). The revised description for keypunch operator groups these workers into two defined classes (A and B) instead of a single category. Previously data were presented separately for general stenographers and technical stenographers. The revision combines general stenographers, with more responsible duties, and technical stenographers to form a new senior stenographer category; other general stenographers are maintained in that classification.

The revised occupational descriptions used this year are in­cluded in appendix B.

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Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions

The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are in­structed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporaryy and probationary workers.

OFFICE

BILLER, MACHINE

Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows:

Biller, machine (hilling machine)—Uses a special billing ma­chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in­voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede­termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma­chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine)—Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers’ bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in­volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec­ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book­keeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.

Class A—Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, bal­ance sheets, and other records by hand.

Class B— Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book­keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers’ accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in­ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

CLERK, ACCOUNTING

Class A—Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account­ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com­plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish­ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts

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CLERK, ACCOUNTING—Continued

payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper ac­counting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting and closing journal entries; and may direct class B ac­counting clerks.

Class B—Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac­counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or ac­counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con­trolled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and book­keeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

CLERK, FILE

Class A—In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con­junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks.

Class B—Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by sim­ple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files.

Class C-Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numer­ical). As requested, locates readily available material in files sind forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Per­forms simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files.

CLERK, ORDER

Receives customers9 orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file o f orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders.

CLERK, PAYROLL

Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces­sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers9 earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker’ s name, work­ing days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and dis­tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.

COMPTOMETER OPERATOR

Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema­tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that o f statis­tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp­tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties.

DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi­bilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.

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KEYPUNCH OPERATOR

Class /4—Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina­tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu­ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators.

Class B—Under close supervision or following specific proce­dures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or com­bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc., are referred to supervisor.

OFFICE BOY OR GIRL

Performs various routine duties such as running errands, opera­ting minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and dis­tributing mail, and other minor clerical work.

SECRETARY

Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint­ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and

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SECRETARY— Continued

making phone calls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; and taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memorandums for information of superior.

STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator.)

STENOGRAPHER,SENIOR

Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a var­ied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc.

OR

Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evi­denced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographerspeed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general busi­ness and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc.; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work.

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SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR

Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give information to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator- receptionist.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST

In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single posi­tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker’ s time while at switchboard.

TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Class A—Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac­counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu­lator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs com­plete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re­ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera­tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports, Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators.

Class B—Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac­counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wir­ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu­lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine.

TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR-Continued

Class C—Operates simple tabulating or electrical account­ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or re­petitive operations.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL

Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal rou­tine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.

TYPIST

Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail.

Class A-Performs one or more o f the following: Typing ma­terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc­tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma­terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances.

Class B-Performs one or more o f the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance pol­icies, etc.; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.

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PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICALDRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR

(Assistant draftsman)Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts­

man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman.

DRAFTSMAN, LEADER

Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep­aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; and per­forming more difficult problems. May assist subordinates during emer­gencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature.

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR

Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the following: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying

DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR-Continued

completed work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quan­tities; writing specifications; and making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, elec­trical, mechanical, or structural drafting.

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)

A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combina- tion of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.

TRACER

Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses T-square, compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw­ings and do simple lettering.

MAINTENANCE AND POWERPLANT

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main­tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued

power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance car­penter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

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ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE

Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, dis­tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay­out, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the elec­trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train­ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

ENGINEER, STATIONARY

Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup­ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera­tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintainingequipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establish- ments employing more than one engineer are excluded.

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER

Fire stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valve. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.

HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES

Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma­chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per­mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.

MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM

Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre­cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to rec­ognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE

Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts o f mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions andspecifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma­chinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close toler­ances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working

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MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE -Continued

properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)

Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es­tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto­motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac­quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE

Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechan­ical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dis­mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a re­placement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for die production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In gen­eral, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva­lent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines.

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MILLWRIGHT

Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re­lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experi­ence in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

OILER

Lubricates* with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur­faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.

PAINTER, MAINTENANCE

Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es­tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu­liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience*

PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE

Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from draw­ings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe­cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings

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PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE—Continued

and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relat­ing to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general the work of die maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva­lent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or beating systems are excluded.

PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE

Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded train­ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE

Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet- metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay­ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available

SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE-Continuedtypes of sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work o f the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

(Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker)

Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fix­tures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas­uring instruments, understanding of the working properties o f common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appro­priate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification.

CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT

ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER

Transports passengers between floors of an office building apartment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded.

GUARD

Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate- men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering.

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JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER

(Sweeper; charwomen; janitress)

Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish­ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte­nance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work­ers who specialize in window washing are excluded.

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING

(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stock- man or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)

A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow­ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on orfrom freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelv­ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheel­barrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded.

ORDER FILLER

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)

Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, cus­tomers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders requisition additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform 6ther related duties.

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PACKER, SHIPPING

Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden-boxes or crates are excluded.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK

Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon­sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Ship­ping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices,routes, available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correct­ness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchan­dise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:

Receiving clerk Shipping clerkShipping and receiving clerk

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TRUCKDRIVER

Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma­terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab­lishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses,wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers* houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded.

For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated onthe basis of trailer capacity.)

Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1% tons)Truckdriver, medium (IY2 to and including 4 tons)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)

TRUCKER, POWER

Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.

For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows:

Trucker, power (forklift)Trucker, power (other than forklift)

WATCHMAN

Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry.

* U.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962 0 — 648708

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