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M.Swft ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074

Ameica's Vanishig Lead in Electronics........................ 1079

Applications ofLaser Radiation Pressure: A. Ashkin .

Seismic Models ofthe Root of the Sierra Nevada: L. C. Pakiser andJ. N. BruneSolarTri by Plants: J. Ehieringer and!. Forseth.

Resourc Wanr: The Lre of South Africa . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bit:TheSah Nain Idenity . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Briefing:WillBiocommerce Ravage Biomedicine?; Hiatt Warns ofthe 'LastEpiemic";Wait for Rean ............................Harvard MarchesUp Hil andDownAgain.

NSF BoostsEir ,Appied Research.....................Braiovsky Arresd..................................

VoyagerSI atSatu

Ringsp-Wit Rings Within Rings Widiin . . .

1081

1081094

1099

1101

1102

1104

1105

1108

1107

-1111

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .

-. . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . 0 . 4 . . .

BOOK REVIEWS Living Archaeology, reviewed by R. J. McIntosh; Ecology of a SubarcticMire, A. W. H. Damman; The Biochemistry of Plants, V. Walbot;Theory of Stellar Pulsation, J.-P. Zahn; Books Received . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117

REPORTS Epileptiform Burst Afterhyperpolarization: Calcium-Dependent PotassiumPotential in Hippocampal CAl Pyramidal Cells: B. E. Alger andR. A. Nicoll. . 1122

Effects of EGTA on the Calcium-Activated Afterhyperpolarization in HippocampalCA3 Pyramidal Cells: P. A. Schwartzkroin and C. E. Stafstrom . . . . . . . . . 1125

Insulin Receptors: Differences in Structural Organization on Adipocyte andLiver Plasma Membranes: L. Jarett, J. B. Schweitzer, R. M. Smith . . . . . . . 1127

Gyrate Atrophy of the Choroid and Retina: Improved Visual Function FollowingReduction of Plasma Ornithine by Diet: M. I. Kaiser-Kupfer et al. . . . . . . . 1128

Relation of Mammalian Sperm Chromatin Heterogeneity to Fertility:D. P. Evenson, Z. Darzynkiewicz, M. R. Melamed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131

High-Affinity [3H]Imipramine Binding in Rat Hypothalamus: Association withUptake of Serotonin but Not of Norepinephrine: S. Z. Langer et al. . . . . . . 1133

Blood Lead Concentrations in a Remote Himalayan Population: S. Piomelli et al.. 1135

Endogenous Substrate for Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase inAdrenocortical Polyadenylated Messenger Ribonucleoproteins: R. E. Mooreand R. K. Sharma. ............. 1137

Curvilinear Motion in the Absence of External Forces: Naive Beliefs About theMotion of Objects: M. McCloskey, A. Caramazza, B. Green . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Neurochemical and Behavioral Evidence for a Selective Presynaptic DopamineReceptor Agonist: D. B. Goodale et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141

Electrophysiological Correlates of Ethanol-Induced Sedation in DifferentiallySensitive Lines of Mice: S. Sorensen et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143

Osmolality and Potassium Ion: Their Roles in Initiation of Sperm Motilityin Teleosts: M. Morisawa and K. Suzuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145

Antbutterflies: Butterflies That Follow Army Ants to Feed on AntbirdDroppings: T. S. Ray and C. C. Andrews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147

Evolution of Clutch Size in Birds: Adaptive Variation in Relation to TerritoryQuality: G. Hogstedt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1148

Correction ofEnzyme Deficiency in Mice by Allogeneic Bone MarrowTransplantation with Total Lymphoid Irradiation: S. Slavin and S. Yatziv . . . . 1150

Hormone Binding Alters the Conformation of the Insulin Receptor: P. F. PilchandM . P. Czech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152

COVER

Fluorescence photomicrograph ofspermatozoa obtained from a subfertilebull. Cells were heated and sub-sequently stained with a metachromat-ic fluorochrome, acridine orange. Theorthochromatic green fluorescence rep-resents AO intercalation into native,nondenatured DNA while red met-achromasia reflects stainability ofDNAdenatured in situ. The proportion ofmetachromatically stained cells was in-creased in subfertile sample (about x2000). See page 1131. [D. P. Evenson etal., Memorial Sloan-Kettering CancerCenter, New York]

5 December 1980, Volume 210, Number 4474

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR AmerTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

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SCIENCEI

ica's Vanishing Lead in Electronicsica's scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs made superb contri-to the electronics revolution, and achieved international commer-

lership in many applications such as television, computers, andication. Our role in TV production has long since atrophied. Until, our status in microelectronics seemed unassailable. But our posi-roding.major factors have been involved in our loss of a clear lead: con-

policies of the governments of the United States and Japan, ande skills in quality control and robotics. Some years ago the Japaneseient determined that a strong position in microelectronics was im-for the nation's future. A special fund of several hundred millionvas made available and the various electronic companies were en-

d to cooperate in advancing the state of the art. (In the Uniteduch cooperation would make the companies targets of the Justiceient.) The companies were also accorded fast depreciation treat-capital costs for new and expanded production facilities. In a fast-field such as microelectronics, production equipment becomes ob-i a short time. The U.S. government took little heed of what was

ng, made no realistic changes in tax policy, and instead persistedss, bruising, and enervating antitrust suits against two or our bestirs in electronics-the International Business Machine CompanyAmerican Telephone and Telegraph Company.ise of financial considerations related to slow depreciation of capitalr.S. makers of 16K random access memories (RAM's) did not ex-

eir capacity rapidly enough to satisfy the market in 1977 to 1979.anese moved quickly to fill the gap and now have about 40 percentnarket for 16K RAM's, key components in computers. They didan produce chips. They produced chips of superior quality.nony in this matter has been provided by Richard W. Anderson,of the Data Systems Division of Hewlett-Packard Company.*

-Packard is the world's largest manufacturer of electronic instru-nd one of the three largest users of semiconducter memory in the3tates. In 1977, when a shortage of domestic 16K RAM's occurred,re obliged to turn to Japanese versions. After very rigorous tests,ind that the Japanese 16K RAM's had fewer inspection failures,iilures in production cycles, fewer failures in customers' hands,work costs, fewer production interruptions, and lower warranty

an opportunity to see something of Japanese quality control at theita color TV plant near Osaka. At the plant components and prod-subjected to accelerated aging tests at extreme temperatures and

ies. Matsushita makes all of its own components and can assure

Lt it assembles only parts that are reliable. About 80 percent of thea color TV set are put in place by robots. Their use cut a rejectionpercent to a small fraction of 1 percent. At the end of the tour, Ithat I had seen only one inspection station-at the end of the line.the official accompanying me why there were no inspection stationsnediate points. He replied that until a few months ago there were

lions, but they never found any defects and so they were scrapped.returned to the United States, I tried to arrange to see a comparablere. I was told that none existed.to other facilities and laboratories in Japan left me with the impres-t the Japanese are not supertechnologists. They merely do what isry to build things very well. They will be even tougher competitorsiture.-PHILIP H. ABELSON

nderson, "Quality and 16K RAMs: A Hewlett-Packard case history," presented at aponsored by the Electronic Industries Association of Japan, 25 March 1980, Wash-C. \Q71t tonA1