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Womens Empowerment

Through Gender Budgeting

-The Indian Context

Presentation by

Anjali Goyal

Director, Department of Women and Child Development,

Ministry of Human Resource Development

Government of India

November 2005


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Gender Budgeting- a definition

Gender budget initiatives analyse howgovernments raise and spend publicmoney, with the aim of securing genderequali ty in decision-makingabout public

resource allocation; and gender equality inthe distribution of the impact ofgovernment budgets, both in theirbenefitsand in their burdens. The impact of

government budgets on the mostdisadvantaged groups of women is a focusof special attention.


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What is Gender Budgeting ?

An exercise to translate stated gender commitments ofthe Government into budgetary commitments.

Strategy for ensuring Gender Sensitive ResourceAllocation and a tool for engendering macro economicpolicy

Entails affirmative action for empowering women

Covers assessment of gender differential impact ofGovernment Budgets and policies (Revenue andExpenditure).

Enables Tracking and Allocating resources for womenempowerment

Opportunity to determine real value of resourcesallocated to women


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What are gender commitments in

the Indian context ?

Constitutional Provisions

Legal Framework

Women Specific Laws

Laws affecting Women

Policies

Public Expenditure Programmes


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Women and Legal Framework

Women specific Legislations

Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956

The Maternity Benefit Act 1961

The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition)

Act, 1986

The Commission of Sati (Prevention)Act, 1987 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence

Act, 2005


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Women related legislations41 laws covering various spheres.

Economic

Factories Act 1948, Minimum Wages Act 1948,

Equal Remuneration Act 1976, The Employees State

Insurance Act, 1948, The Plantation Labour Act, 1951, The

Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976

ProtectionRelevant provisions of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973;

Special provisions under IPC, The Legal Practitioners

(Women) Act, 1923, The Pre-Natal Diagnostic Technique

(Regulation and Prevention of Misuse ) Act, 1994.


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Women related legislations

Social

Family Courts Act, 1984, The Indian

Succession Act, 1925, The MedicalTermination of Pregnancy Act 1971, The

Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, The

Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, The HinduSuccession Act, 1956 (& amended in

2005), The Indian Divorce Act, 1969


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National Policy for

Empowerment of Women

Objective advancement, development and

empowerment, elimination of discrimination

Themes and issues Judicial legal system,

economic empowerment, social empowerment

(health, education, science and technology,

drinking water and sanitation, protection fromviolence) women and decision making, girl child


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Institutional Empowering

Mechanisms Parliamentary Committee on

Empowerment of Women National Commission for

Women


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The Challenge

How do we translate all thesecommitments into budgetarycommitments andadministrative action ?

How do we engender policiesand programmes ?


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Evolution of Indian Initiatives


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Seventh Plan

1985- Ministry of Human ResourceDevelopment set up

Department for Women and ChildDevelopment constituted in HRDMinistry

27 major women specific schemesidentified for monitoring to assessquantum of funds/benefits flowing towomen


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Eighth Plan

The Eighth Plan (1992-97) for the first time

highlighted the need to ensure a definite

flow of funds from general developmental

sectors to women

It commented:

special programmes on women should

complement the general development

programmes. The latter in turn should

reflect greater gender sensitivity


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Ninth Plan

Womens Component Plan- 30% of fundswere sought to be ear-marked in all womenrelated sectors inter-sectoral review andmulti-sector approach

Special vigil to be kept on the flow of theearmarked funds/benefits

Quantifies performance under Womens

Component Plan in Ninth Plan-ApproachPaper Tenth Plan indicates 42.9% of grossbudgetary support in 15 women relatedMinistries/Departments has gone to women


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Tenth Plan

Reinforces commitment to gender budgeting toestablish its gender-differential impact and to

translate gender commitments into budgetary

commitments.

Aims at ini tiating immediate action in tying upthe two effective concepts ofWomen Component

Plan (WCP) and Gender Budgetingto play a

complementary role to each other, and thusensure both preventive and post-facto action in

enabling women to receive their r ightful share

from all the women-related general development

sectors.


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Indian Experience Womens Component Plan-Earmarking

resources for women

Implementing Women Specific Schemes

Monitoring macro indicators like MMR

Literacy rates, work participation

Quantum and Trend analysis of resourcesallocated and spent on women

Gender Audit of schemes and programmes-implementation and impact analysis

Anjali Goyal 2005 opyright


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Action by the Department for Women &

Child Development

Issue ofchecklists / guidelinesfor gender auditof public expenditure

Adoption ofStrategic Frameworkfor GenderBudgeting

Special letterssent to Ministry of Finance andPlanning Commission to engender the AnnualPlan and Budget exercise for 2005-2006

Consultations with select Departments on four

pr iori ty areas Food and Nutrition Security & Employment guarantee

Water and Sanitation

Adequate Health facilities

Asset base for women


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Action by the Department for Women

& Child Development

Capacity Building- Departments in GOIand State Governments

Mainstreaming Gender Concerns-

Watchdog approach Interest Subsidy

Kerosene Oil

Micro Credit Health Insurance

Inflation


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Instructions issued by Inter-

Departmental Committee, GOI

All Departments to open Gender

Budget Cells by 1.1. 2005

All Departments to reflect benefit-incidence analysis of expenditurein

Annual Reports-2005-06

Eighteen Departmentsto reflectgender component of schemes in

Performance Budgets of 2005-06


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Union Budget 2005-06

New Statement on Gender

BudgetingNine Departments Identified

for focus


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Gender Mainstreaming- our new

Mantra for Womens Development

Women as a beneficiary segment

Need forGender mainstreaming

Fiscal and Monetary Policies, Legislations

Need to Change Programme formulationsand implementation processes

More gender friendly

Optimize Participation of Voluntary Sector Gender budgetingnot an end in itself



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Rationale of Alternative

Strategy Empowermenthas to be

Holistic(Political, Social and

Economic)

Universal(equal opportunity and

level playing field)Participative and Inclusive



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Framework of Gender Budgeting

Quantificationof allocation of resources forwomen

Gender Auditof policies of the Government

Impact assessmentof various schemes inthe Union and State budgets

Analyzingschematic and policy initiatives

and link wi th impact on status of womenrelated Macro I ndicators


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Framework of Gender Budgeting

Institutionalizingthe generation andcollection of gender dis-aggregated

data ConsultationsandCapacity building

Promote gender equity in

participationin decision making


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Holistic approach to Empowerment

Health

& Nut.

Education

Water & San.

Skills

Technology Credit

Political

Participation

Marketing

Asset base


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Action Areas

Women availing services of public utilitieslike road transport, power, water and

sanitation, telecommunication etc.

Training of women as highly skilled workers-top end skills

Research/Technology for women

Women in the work force Asset ownership by women

Women as Entrepreneurs


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Implementation of Laws like

Equal remuneration Minimum Wages

Factories Act

Infrastructure for women like Water and sanitation at workplace

Creches

Working Women Hostels Transport services

Security


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Gender Analysis of State Budgets Research Study Decadal trend

Expenditure on Women's Development (Rs in cr.)

YEAR CENTRE STATES TOTAL

AMOUNT % AMOUNT % AMOUNT

1993-94 440.32 41 643.25 59 1083.57

1994-95 643.48 48 700.17 52 1343.65

1995-96 558.22 37 960.88 63 1519.09

1996-97 811.40 44 1050.35 56 1861.75

1997-98 893.60 43 1169.21 57 2062.81

1998-99 1178.17 47 1348.47 53 2526.641999-00 1382.04 50 1398.29 50 2780.33

2000-01 1550.80 48 1709.84 52 3260.63

2001-02 (RE) 1838.64 48 2031.73 52 3870.37

2002-03 (BE) 1507.59 41 2211.57 59 3719.16


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Preliminary Findings

H igher percentage share of states inexpenditure on women

Expenditure on Health is largest

component

Broad trend reflects increase in expenditure

Wide annual f luctuationsin many states

Some states reflect relatively lessexpenditure compared with populationofwomen


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Path Ahead Pursue Gender Mainstreaming in the

Government through coordination withGender Budget cells

Widening scope of National StatisticalSystem

Widening scope from public expenditure toRevenues, Fiscal and Monetary Policies

Pursue gender budgeting by States with help

of planning Commission and MOF

Capacity Building- Coordinatewith traininginstitutes and experts to standardize

methodology and tools


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To Conclude

I t is more important to create a generalawareness and understanding of the problems

ofwomens employment in all the top policy and

decision making and executive personnel. There

is also the special problem facing women l ike the

preference for male children for social andcultural reasons. This wil l requi re awareness,

understanding and action. The best way to do so

is to educate the chi ldren, orient the teachers,

examine the text books and teaching-aids andensure that the next generation grows up with

new thinking.

(6th Five Year Plan )


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Thank you

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