my project tyres

8/8/2019 My Project Tyres

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Tire Tech 101Tire Tech 101What is a tire made of.What percent of a tire isrubber?What is a pneumatic

tire?What is the differencebetween radial & biasply tires ?

Why are tires black?


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A ctual components

that go into a tire .

Raw Rubber Steel

NylonPolyester Rayon

Carbon Black Synthetic Rubber FiberglassAramidBrass

A ramid: A synthetic fabric used insome tires that is (pound-for-pound)

stronger than steel.


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W hat percent of a tire isW hat percent of a tire isrubber?rubber?

By weight, give or take 30%

By volume, quite a bite more.

Tire compontents

Rubber

Steel Nylon

RayonCarbon Black

Synthe

tic Rubber

0

10

20

30


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What Is Pneumatic Tire?

What Is Pneumatic Tire?

Filled by air,especially compressed

air: a pneumatic tire(dictionary definition).All tires manufacturedtoday are consideredPneumatic tires.


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Who Invented The First Tire?

Who Invented The First Tire?

I t was invented in1888, by John Dunlop.

This would be the endof the solid tire.


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Why are Tires Black?




To protect the rubber from the harmful UV

rays.A common type of UVstabilizer called acompetitive absorber isadded to capture andabsorb these harmfulUV light wave energy.


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Bias Ply TireBias Ply TireBias Ply TireBias Ply TireA bias ply tire has

plies running at an

angle from bead to bead.The cord angle is alsoreversed from ply to

ply.Tread is bondeddirectly to the top ply.


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Belted Bias TireBelted Bias TireI s a bias tire with beltsadded to increase tread

stiffness.These belts are alsoran at a differentangle.These belts only lie onthe tread area and noton the side walls, likecords.


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R adial Ply TireR adial Ply Tire

H as plies running straightacross from bead to beadwith stabilizer belts lyingdirectly beneath the tread.This results in the radialhaving flexible side wall,

but a stiff tread.

Michelin developed it in1955! 50 years ago! Sears imported them in the

1970s


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Tire CutawayTire Cutaway


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Cooper Tire CutawayCooper Tire Cutaway


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Tire SidewallTire Sidewall


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Tire SizeTire Size

LT = L ight Truck


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Tire SizeTire SizeI f you switch tire size on a car you can mess up thespeedometer to figure out how close you are do the mathto figure out the diameter.

For a 205/75R15 tire it would look like this

205 X .75 x 2 25.4 + 15= 27.106

Tire size X Aspect ratio X 2 25.4 + Rim size100


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A spect RatioA spect RatioP ercentage of tires height in relation to its widthA 60 series tire height will be 60% of the width.The aspect ratio can be a 40,50, 60,65,70,75,78

These are some of the most common ones.


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A spect RatioA spect Ratio

S o if we have a P 205/60R15 tire. The width is205 millimeters and the height is 60% of thewidth. That means 205 x .6 = 123 millimeters.That tire should be 123 millimeters tall.You can raise or lower your car by changing theheight of the side wall.


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SERV ICE DES CR IPTIONSERV ICE DES CR IPTION

O n most tires, you will notice some additional numbers and letterslocated at the end of the tire size.

For Example:P

185/70R14 92S

I n this example the 92 S is called the S ERV IC E DE SC R IP T ION .

The S ervice Description consists of two parts, L O AD IN DEX (thenumbers) and SP EED RAT ING (the letter).

The SP EED RAT ING is a letter which designates the ratingachieved on indoor wheel testing.


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L oad IndexL oad Index

The LO AD I NDEX is a number ranging from 0 to 279 and coversload capacities from the smallest motorcycle tires to those for thelargest earth mover tires. I n passenger car tires, the load indextypically ranges from 75 to 100.As in aspect ratio where the operative word was ratio , in loadindex the operative word here is index . An index is a point of reference or a chart to refer to find information. All tire guides

used by retail tire stores have them and they have load index chartsin them. By referring to the load index chart in the Tire Guide youcan determine the maximum load carrying capacity of a tire sizefrom using the load index number at the end of the P-Metric size.

For Example:Load Index Max Load (lbs.)91 135692 138993 1433


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For a complete listing of load index ratings go to thisweb site


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S peed R atingS peed R ating

from Michelin Tyres 2003


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S peed R atingS peed R ating

ThanksTo

TireGuides.Com


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Eff ects o f speed on a tireEff ects o f speed on a tire

Tires are tested under L

aboratory conditions they are not wornout, are properly inflated, not over loaded, damaged or altered.

Just because the tire is rated at these speeds does not mean thecar is safe or legal to drive at those speeds.


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TIRE GR AD ING

Uniform Tire Quality Grading System Code UTQGSTREAD WEAR : Tire life expectations100 is base line, 150 will give you 50% more wear then one ranked

100 (100 = 30,000 miles

TRA C T ION :Braking capabilities AA, A, B, C(AA H ighest rating)

Traction G rades Asphalt g Force C oncrete g Force

AA Above .54 .41

A Above .47 .35

B Above .38 .26

CLess than .38 .26


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TIRE GR AD ING

TEM P ERATURE : Ability to withstand extreme heat

- A, B, C


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Tire pressureTire pressureTire pressure should be check monthlyTire pressure should be checked coldFor every 10 Fahrenheit change in air temperature,your tire's inflation pressure will change by about1 psiThe air pressure in the tire supports the car, makesure that it is the right amount.

I f you check the air pressure inside the shop at atemperature of 70 will the tires be the right pressurewhen it goes outside at 0?


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Tire PressureTire PressureThe E PA says your mileage drops 1% for every 2 pounds under the recommended tirepressure.


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Tire pressureTire pressureUse the tire pressure recommended in your vehicle'sowner's manual or tire information placard


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Tire PlacardTire Placard

Drivers door pillar Glove box door or Center Consol lidTrunk lid or Gas door


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Tire pressureTire pressure

This is the Maximum pressure for the tire not the

normal pressure, use only if car is fully loaded.Thanks to Michelin for the picture


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Tread PatternsTread PatternsP assenger

TouringP erformanceS nowRainAll S eason

GrandTouring

Performance

Passenger

Competition

H igh Performanc


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Net to Gross Ratio The amount of rubber hitting the road.


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35 psi sitting still in water

35 psi at 60 mph

30 psi at 60 mph

25 psi at 60 mph

Effects of Tire pressureand Speed on wettraction


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Nitrogen in tiresNitrogen in tires Nitrogen is a dry inert gas. That meansmoisture free.

Nitrogen leaks out of the sidewall threetimes slower then oxygen.O xygen oxidizes the rubber in the sidewall.Plus the moisture in the air will rust thesteel rims.


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E ffects of tire pressureE ffects of tire pressure

Over inflationOver inflationW ide tires that are under inflated can also wear in the center


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E ffects of tire pressureE ffects of tire pressure

Under inflationUnder inflation


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TireD

ef ectsTire

De

f ects

S eparationsBulges

sidewall separationstread tearing,chunking

shoulder crackingS idewall cracking

Weather crackingBreaks in sidewall/tread

Excessive radial runout diameter

Excessive lateral runout width

C onicity not level across tread

cone shaped


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Tire Wear Tire Wear


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CuppingCupping


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Tire D e f ectsTire D e f ects


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BulgeBulge


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Chunk OutsChunk Outs


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CracksCracks


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Tire D e f ects, Foreign ObjectsTire D e f ects, Foreign Objects


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Tire Wear Tire Wear Side Wear & FeatheringSide Wear & Feathering


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Tire PullTire PullDefective/damaged tiresBent wheel (rim)Excessive shoulder wear

Excessive feathering


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Tire Wear Tire Wear


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Tire Wear Tire Wear


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Tire Wear Tire Wear


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Tire RotationTire Rotation

Tires should be rotated between 5,000 and 7,500miles see charts on how to rotate

Thanks to Michelin for the picture


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Tire R otationTire R otation


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E ffects of Mismatched TiresE ffects of Mismatched Tires

Different ManufacturesDifferent sizes

New and/or used tiresEffects on speedometer Effects on ABS/Traction Control SystemsEffects on vehicle handling


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Tire ReplacementTire ReplacementO ne problem with replacing just one tire on F W D,AW D or 4X4s is that you have a different size tirewhen you measure the circumference this creates a

problems with the transaxles and drive trains. I talso causes problems with traction control andABS stopping. Tires need to be rotated at leastevery 7500 miles and if one tire is damaged on oneof these cars all 4, count them F O UR tires need to

be changed. Tread depth should be maintainedwithin 4/32 of each tire.

For more info go to


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WheelsWheels

steel \ castO

ff setBump steerS crub Radius

note pages C 311- 313


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H ow to measure a rimH ow to measure a rim

Y ou need to measure from bead seat to bead seat. But youcannot measure from the inside with a tape measure takea good guess where it is on the outside. This one is 14 inchs.


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H ow to measure a rimH ow to measure a rim

To find the diameter you measure the circumference (C) and divideit by Pi (3.14) ( C Pi = Diameter )44 3.14 = 14.0127 So it is really a 14 inch rimThat math class is important.

W h l lW h l l


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W heel BalanceW heel BalanceI mproper balance causes the tire to vibrate

several types of balancers, Bubble balancers,on car balancers and off car balancers shown.Some are hand spun and some are powered


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S tatic balanceS tatic balance

C 77Equals wheel tramp or hopweight not even around thetire must add weight toother side to equal it out.


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Dynamic balanceDynamic balance

C- 78

equals wobbleside to side weightsnot equal


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W heel BalanceW heel Balance

Make sure when you balance a tire to use the rightadapter some wheels are H ub centric or lug centric thatmeans does it center on the H ub or the lugs most cars

from the factory are H ub centric but some after marker wheels are lug centricI f you think that your balancer is not working right or the wheel is off check the balance rotate it 180 degreesand rebalance it. I t should have the same readings.


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W heel BalanceW heel Balance

H ub centric or cone adapter

lug centric


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Air Pressure Monitors Air Pressure Monitors

May have a sensor inside tire

May have a sensor inthe tire valve stem!Sensors may have to

be recalibrated after atire rotation!


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Tire Pressure QuizTire Pressure Quiz

(Roll your mouse across the pictures to confirm you were right)

C an you easily identify which tire is 30% under inflated with youreyes? Here is what they would look like in the morning as you

walked to your car in the garage.

20 psi cold 29 psi cold


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Tire Pressure MonitoringTire Pressure MonitoringW arns of significant lose of tire pressureFirst used on 1994 CorvetteAll cars & L D Trucks must have TP system by2008

Two types: Direct and I ndirect


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Direct TP W arning S ystemDirect TP W arning S ystem

Computer controlled (BCM) w/ radiotransmitters in wheels (pressure sensors)Transmits actual TP of each tire

Displays on I PCDiagnostic capabilities


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Indirect TP W arning S ystemIndirect TP W arning S ystemABS based system, using existing ABS hardware, w/

software modificationsChanges in TP affect tire circumference, affecting tirespeedSensors monitor each wheels speed, compares to one

another Approx. 7 psi difference to trigger warning


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Tire Pressure MonitoringTire Pressure Monitoring

Before you do any work on these cars, make sure thatthe warning lights are off before you work on the car.I f you mount or dismount the tire and it was notworking right before, you could be blamed for causinga problem.

Y ou need to do this with all cars and with all warninglights such as, check engine & ABS etc.

R Fl TiR Fl Ti


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R un Flat TiresR un Flat Tires


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R un Flat TiresR un Flat Tires

Temp. supportsweight of vehiclewith no air pressureI nternal support,thicker side walls,stronger beads.Can maintainMobility for 50 milesup to 55 mph

R Fl TiR Fl Ti


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R un Flat TiresR un Flat TiresMichelin unveiled the Tweel at the 2005 North

American I nternational Auto ShowI ncreased mobility, lateral stability, and gas mileage


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For more information go toFor more information go toA big thanks goes to these companies for useof pictures and information

Good heart - W ilcox

http://tireguides.com/default.asp Tire Guides I nc


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The E nd ??????The E nd ??????

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