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TRANSCRIPT
JOINTSThis presentation I created is my Report in
my Anatomy class though I apply the changes given in the instructions ®
Structural Classification of Joints based on anatomical characteristics presence/absence of space between the two articulating bones type of connective tissue that binds the bones together
1. fibrous joints• no synovial cavity• fibrous connective tissue rich in collagen fibers
2. cartilaginous joints• no synovial cavity• hyaline or fibrocartilage
3. synovial joints• with synovial cavity• dense irregular connective tissue with accessory ligaments
Classification of Joints – structural and functional characteristics
1. fibrous joints• suture – unites bones of skull, synarthrosis• syndesmoses – greater distance between articulating bones, fibrous connective tissue as a bundle (ligament) or as a sheet (interosseus membrane), amphiarthrosis• gomphoses – peg and socket, roots of teeth with the sockets of the maxillae and mandible, fibrous connective tissue: periodontal ligament, synarthrosis
Classification of Joints – structural and functional characteristics
2. cartilaginous joints synchondroses –
hyaline cartilage, ex. epiphyseal plates, 1st rib and manubrium, synarthrosis
symphyses – articulating bones covered with hyaline but are connected with a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage, ex. pubic symphyses, intervertebral discs, amphiarthrosis
types of synovial joints
3. pivot – rounded/pointed with ring formed by bone and ligament• movement: rotation • atlanto-axial joint, radioulnar
Classification of Joints – structural and functional characteristics
3. synovial joints – reduces friction, absorbs shock, permits movement (diarthrosis)
structures:• articular cartilage – hyaline or fibrocartilage• articular capsule – inner synovial membrane and
outer fibrous capsule• synovial fluid – hyaluronic acid and interstitial
fluid, for the lubrication and supply of nutrients, removal of wastes
• accessory ligaments and articular discs – extracapsular ligaments, intracapsular ligaments
types of synovial joints
1. planar – flat or slightly curved surfaces• movement: side to side, back and forth• intercarpal, intertarsal, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular,
sternocostal, vertebrocostal2. hinge – convex/concave surfaces
• movement: angular, opening and closing• knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal
types of synovial joints
4. condyloid/ellipsoidal – convex oval-oval depression movement: biaxial (up and down, side to side) wrist, metacarpophalangeal
5. saddle – saddle and rider• movement: side to side, up and down• carpometacarpal joint (thumb)