myanmar py i computer i
TRANSCRIPT
7/25/2019 Myanmar Py i Computer I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/myanmar-py-i-computer-i 1/6
41q, f ESpf ajrmuf t x l;xkwf r*¾Zif ; jrefrmEkdi fi Hu GefysLwmt o i f;csKyf ESi f ht o i f ;rsm;\
jref rmjynf uGef ysLwmt p , lpDpDupDpDqk donfrS m wuúod kvfrsm;uGefysLwmXme (Universi-
ties' Computer Center,
UCC) jzpfygonf/ 1972ckESpfwGif jrefrmEk difiH\ yxrOD;qH k; uGefysLwmud k ynma&;0efBuD;Xme vufatmuf&S dtxufwef;ynmOD;pD;Xme? wuúok dvfrsm;uGefysLwmXme (UCC) wGif urÇ mhukvor*¾\ wuúod kvfrsm;uGefysLwmXmepDrHudef;jzif h wyfqif&ef ya&m*sufpwifcJ honf/ ¤if;onf jrefrmEkdifiH\uGefysLwmacwftp[k qk d&rnf/ xk dpDrHudef;ud k pwiftaumiftxnfazmfcJ holrS m pD;yG m;a&;wuúod kvf? ocsF mXmerSL;a'gufwmcspfaqG (aemufyk dif;wGif ocsF m
ygarmu©? ygarmu©csKyf &efukef0dZÆ mESif hodyÜ Hwuúod kvf ) jzpfygonf/
aemufcHork dif;
pma&;olonf 1964 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvwGif jrefrmEk difiHtpd k;& ynmawmf
oiftjzpf tar&duef jynfaxmifpkEk difiH&S d pwif;zk d Y'fwuúod kvfwGif oifMum;cJ hNyD;aemufwGif &efukefpufrIwuúod kvf? vQyfppftif*sifeD,mXmeü pwifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJ hygonf/ wuúod kvfpepfopfynma&;rprD &efukefpufrIwuúod kvfud k ydwfxm;pOf? XmewGif; q&mrsm;wk d;wufzG H UNzdK;a&;a[majymyG Jrsm; jyKvkyfygonf/ pma&;olu rdrdEk difiHjcm;wuúod kvfwGif avhvmoifMum;cJ haom uGefysLwmESif hy½d k*&rf pDpOf
a&;om;jcif;taMumif;ud k a[majymay;cJ hygonf/
xk dtcsdefwGif pD;yG m;a&;wuúod kvf?ocsFmXmerSL; a'gufwmcspfaqGonft*FvefEk difiH? vDAmyl;vfwuúod kvfrS yg&*lbG J U&&S dNyD; jyefa&mufcgpjzpfí pD;yG m;a&;wuúod kvftwGuf uGefysLwmwpfvH k;&&S da&;twGufynma&;0efBuD;XmerSwpfqif hukvor*¾rS tultnD&&S d&ef BudK;pm;aeygonf/ txufwef;ynmOD;pD;XmerSñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf a'gufwmnDnD(aemifynma&;0efBuD;Xme? 'kwd,0efBuD;?owåKwGif;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;? Mopaw;vsEk difiHqk dif&moHtrwfBuD;? UNICEFñTefMum;a&;rSL;)onf tqk djyKcsufud k oabmwlaxmufcHcJ hygonf/
pma&;ol\ uGefysLwmtaMumif;?
oifwef;yd k Ycscsufrsm;ud k a'gufwmcspfaqGESif hoduRrf;ol vQyfppftif*sifeD,mXme&S d
OD; pdk; ydkif
,l jref rmjynf uGef ysLwmt p , lpDpDu
OD;pdk;ydki f OD;pd k;yd kifonf tar&duefjynf? u,fvDzd k;eD;,m;&S d pwif;zk d Y'fwuúod kvfrS odyÜ HESif U r[modyÜ H (vQyfppftif*sifeD,m)
bG J Ursm;ud k 1962 ESif h 1963 ckESpfwd k YwGif &&S dcJ hygonf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEd kifiH? aqmuf[efwefwuúod kvfrSr[modyÜ H (uGefysLwmody Ü H ) bG J Uud k &&S dcJ hygonf/ 1964 rS 1971 ckESpftxd &efukefpufrIwu úod kvf? vQyfppftif*sifeD,mXmewGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJ hygonf/
1971 ckESpfwGif wuúod kvfrsm; uGefysLwmXme (UCC? ,lpDpD ) od k Y 0ifa&mufcJ hNyD; jrefrmEk difiHwGif yxrOD;qk H;uGefysLwmud k ay;,lwwfqifcJ honf h ukvor*¾pDrHudef;wGif yg0ifcJ hygonf/ OD;pd k;yd kifonf ,lpDpDwGif 1980 ckESpftxd pepftif*sifeD,m
tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; uGefysLwmodyÜ H oifMum;a&;wGif yg0ifcJ hygonf/ 1980 ckESpfrSpí ukvor*¾yg&*ltjzpful0dwf? eDayg? qD&D,mvD,Gef? blwef? uifeD;,m;? emrD;bD;,m;? qD;&D;,m;ESif h ql'efEd kifiHrsm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJ hygonf/
7/25/2019 Myanmar Py i Computer I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/myanmar-py-i-computer-i 2/6
42q, f ESpf ajrmuf t x l;xkwf r*¾Zif ; jrefrmEkdi fi Hu GefysLwmt o i f;csKyf ESi f ht o i f ;rsm;\
oifwef;enf;jy OD;nDnDu a'gufwm cspfaqGud k ajymMum;cJ hygonf/ 1965 ckESpfwGifa'gufwmcspfaqGonf pD;yGm;a&;wuúod kvf? ocsF mXme? vufaxmufuxduOD;vSjrif hESif htwl pma&;oltm; pufrIwuú
od kvfwGif vma&mufawG UqH kygonf/a'gufwmcspfaqGu ,if;wk d Y urÇ mhukvor*¾tultnDjzif h pD;yG m;a&;wuúod kvftwGuf uGefysLwmwpfck&,l&ef BudK;pm;aeaMumif; pma&;oltaejzif h pDrHudef;wGifulnDvk dovm;[k ar;jref;ygonf/ pma&;olu csufcsif;yifoabmwlcJ hí pDrHudef;tzG J UwGif a'gufwmcspfaqG\vufaxmuftjzpf vkyfaqmifcJ hygonf/ OD;nDnDESif h"mwk tif*sifeD,mXme? vufaxmuf
uxdu a'gufwmoef;xk duf (aemif &efukef0dZÆ mESif hodyÜ Hwuúod kvf? ukefxkwf"mwkaA'XmerSL;? ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf tao;pm;pufrIvkyfief;Xme? trSwf (1)pufrI0efBuD;Xme)wk d Yvnf; ulnDMuNyD; tzG J UwGif0ifa&mufyg0ifcJ hygonf/
xd ktcsdefwGif Punched Cards rsm;toH k;jyKaom Unit Record Machines
(IBMESif h ICLukrÜPDrsm;rS iS m;&rf;onf hpufrsm;)ud k jrefrmhrD;&xm;? A[k dpm&if;tif;ESif hpD;yG m;a&;Xme (Central Economics
and statistics Department, CSED
wyfrawmfrSwfwrf;½H k;ESif h tjcm;tpd k;&XmeESif htzG J Utpnf;rsm;wk d YwGif toH k;jyKvsuf&S dygonf/ wpfcsdefwGif Unit Record
Machine rsm;tm;vH k;ud k Burma Ma-
chine Corporation atmufwpfae&mwnf;wGif aygif;xm;cJ hNyD;aemuf tqifrajyí ,ciftwk dif;Xmersm;xHod k Y jyef
vnf ay;yd k YcJ hygonf/ jrefrmhrD;& xm;uUnit Record Machines rsm;ud kuGefysLwmjzif h tpm;xk d;Ek dif&ef tpd k;&xHtqk djyKcJ hygonf/
pwifaqmif½Gufjcif; (1966 rS 1970)
urÇ mhukvor*¾ zG HUNzdK;rItpDtpOf(United Nations Development
Programme, UNDP) &efyH kaiGaxmufyHrI? urÇ mhukvor*¾ynma&;? odyHÜESif h
,Ofaus;rItzG J U (United Nations Edu-
cational, Scientific and Cultural Or-
ganization, UNESCO) rStaumiftxnfazmfaompD;yGm;a&;wuúokdvfwGGifuGefysLwmwufqifa&;pDrHudef;\ jzpfEk difpGrf; (feasibility) ud kavhvm&ef jrefrmEk difiHtpk d;&ESif h UNDPwd k Y oabmwlnDMu
ygonf/ tD*spfEk difiHrS ygarmu©a'gufwmtmblwvuf(b) (Professor Dr. Abu-
Taleb)onfpDrHudef;a&;qG J&ef (formu-
late) UNESCOrpf&Siftjzpfvma&mufcJ hygonf/ Dr.Abu-TalebonfpDrHudef;jyifqifa&;tzG J U? txufwef;ynmOD;pD;XmeñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfa'gufwmnDnD? trsdK;om;pDrHudef;ESif h b@a&;0efBuD;Xme\ud k,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfaom rpöwme,f(vf )pifcifarmifBuD;ESif h OD;0if;az? &efukef&S d
International Business Machines,IBM refae*smOD;atmifcifESif h Interna-
tional Computers Limited ICL
refae*smOD;ausmfom? UNDP rS yl;wG Judk,fpm;vS,f Mr.Cummings ESif hOD;bpef;wk d YESif h awG UqH kaqG;aEG;cJ hygonf/Dr.Abu-Talebonf,if;\ tpD&ifcHpmud k UNESCO, UNDP ESif h jrefrmEk difiHtpd k;&xHod k YwifoGif;cJ hygonf/
Dr.Abu-TalebtpD&ifcHpm\ qufvufaqmif&Gufcsuftaejzif h 1968ckESpfwGif ud kvHbD,mwuúod kvfpDrHcef YcG JrIynmXme Professor Owens ESif he,l;a,mufNrdKU UNDP½H H k;csKyfESif h Mr.Talbotwk d YonfpD;yGm;a&;wuúodkvfuGefysLwmpDrHudef;tqk djyKcsuf (project proposal)ud k a&;qG J&ef UNDP rpf&SiftzG J Utaejzif h vma&mufcJ hygonf/ rpf&SiftzG J Uonf pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;tzG J U? txufwef;ynmOD;pD;
Xme? ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf? pD;yG m;a&;wuúod kvfESif htjcm;wuúod kvfrsm;rS ygarmu©rsm;ESif h0g&if hq&m tjcm;tpd k;&XmetzG J Utpnf;rsm;rSwm0ef&S dyk*¾ dKvfrsm; UNDPXmeud k,fpm;vS,f Mr.MaraghiESif h UNDP
0efxrf;rsm; IBM ESif h ICL rS refae*smrsm;ESif hawG UqHkaqG;aEG;cJ hygonf/
rpf&Sif\tpD&ifcHpmESif hpDrHudef; tqk djyKcsufud k UNDP, UNESCOESif h jrefrmtpd k;&xHod k Y wifoGif;cJ hygonf/ tm;vH k;u
pDrHudef;taumiftxnfazmf&ef oabmwlcJ hMuygonf/ UNDP u,if;\txl;
&efyH kaiG Special Fund rS axmufyH h&efoabmwlygonf/
jrefrmEk difiHtpd k;&u wuúok dvfrsm;ocF smwGufpufXme(Universities' Com-
puter Center, UCC) ud k txufwef;
ynmOD;pD;Xme vufatmufwGif oD;oef YXmewpfcktjzpf wnfaxmif&efESif h ukvor*¾pDrHudef;rS &&SdaomuGefysLwmudkxk dXmewGif wyfqif&ef qH k;jzwfcJ hygonf/pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;tzGJUu ,lpDpDtaqmuftODtopftwGuf bG J UESif;obifcef;ra&S Utifvsm;uefapmif;&S d ajrae&m(od k Yr[kwf ) wuúok dvf"r® m ½H H kab;jynfvrf;ESif h wuúok dvf&dyfomvrf;a'gif h&S dajrae&mwckckud k tqk djyKcJ hygonf/ ok d Yaomf
txufwef;ynmOD;pD;Xmeu vd Iifaumvdyfe,fajrwGif ,lpDpDtwGuf taqmuftODtopfaqmuf&ef ajrae&mowfrSwfay;cJhygonf/ pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;tzGJUonf jynfolYvkyfief;aumfydka&;&Sif;(Public Works Corporating, PWC,
yvu) 'DZk dif;tzG J UrS ydokumyxrwef;OD;atmifjrif hESif h vk dtyfcsufrsm;ud k awG UqH kaqG;aEG;NyD;,lpDpDtwGuf taqmuftOD;topfaqmuf&ef 'DZdkif;tzGJUtm;tyfESHcJhygonf/ taqmuftODtopfonf vdIifaumvdyfe,fajrwGif &Sdaeaom pmoifcef;aqmifrsm;ESif h qifwl½d k;rS m;r&S daomoH k;xyftaqmuftODaqmuf&rnfjzpfygonf/ vuf&S dtaqmuftODrsm;uJ hok d Yyif tjyifzufwGif pOf htkyfwH k;rsm;(glazed blocks) toH k;jyK&ef qH k;jzwfcJ hygonf/ taqmuftOD\atmufqH k;ajrnDxyfud k uGefysLwmESif htcsuftvuf
jyifqifrItwGufxm;&S dNyD;? 'kwd,xyfwGif½H k;cef;rsm;xm;í tay:qH k;xyfwGif pmMunf hwk duf? tpnf;ta0;cef;rESif hpmoifcef;rrsm; xm;&S d&efjzpfygonf/ yvu'DZdkif;tzGJU&dS Structural tif*sifeD,mwwd,wef;OD;ud kud kav;rS m pma&;olESif htwl Stanford University wGif ynmoifMum;cJ hygonf/ ,if;ESif hpma&;olwk d Yonf Stanford Computation Center
wGiftcsdefyk dif; Computer Operatorrsm;
tjzpf vkyfcJhMuygonf/ OD;udkudkav;onf yvurS mvkyfae&if; uGefysLwm
7/25/2019 Myanmar Py i Computer I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/myanmar-py-i-computer-i 3/6
43q, f ESpf ajrmuf t x l;xkwf r*¾Zif ; jrefrmEkdi fi Hu GefysLwmt o i f;csKyf ESi f ht o i f ;rsm;\
pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;wGif ulnDay;rnf[kurf;vSrf;cJ hygonf/
pma&;olonf uGefysLwmXmewnfaxmifvQif xdef;odrf;a&;tif*sifeD,mrsm;tvk d&S drnfjzpfonfud k em;vnfcJ h hygonf/tzGJUacgif;aqmif a'gufwmcspfaqG\oabmwlnDcsuft& pma&;ol\ aemufqHk;ESpfvQyfppftif*sifeD,mausmif;om;xJrS awmfolrsm;ud k &S mazGpkaqmif;rI (re-
cruitment) jyKvkyfcJ hygonf/&S mazGpkaqmif;jcif;ud k 1966 ckrS
pwifcJ haomfvnf; pDrHudef;taumiftxnf razmf&ao;onf htwGuf oif hawmfaombG J U&ausmif;om;rsm;tjcm;tvkyfrsm;0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJ hMuygonf/ pma&;oltaejzif h1969 ckESpfbJ G U&ausmif;om;
OD;xGef;atmifausmfESif h OD;vSrif;wk d Yud k &S mazGpkaqmif;cJ hygonf/ ESpfOD;pvH k;rS m pdwf0ifpm;aomfvnf; pDrHudef;u aES mif haES;aeaomaMumif h OD;vSrif;u xGufcG mcJ hygonf/ pma&;olonf 1970 ckESpfbG J U&Charlie Tseng ud k aemufxyf&S mazGpkaqmif;cJ hygonf/ pma&;olonf pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;tzG J UwGif yg0ifvkyfaqmif&mvQyfppftif*sifeD,mXme ygarmu©OD;pdefvd Iif\cGif hjyKcsufud k &&S dcJ hygonf/ 1970
ckESpfaemufyd kif;wGif pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; yd krd kxrf;aqmifEk dif&ef
vQyfppfoifMum;a&;0wÅ &m;rsm;ud k avsmhNyD; wm0efay;cJ hygonf/
&efukefwuúod kvfrS B.Com (AA)
bG G J U&NyD; t*F FvefwGif Chartered Ac-
countant tjzpfoifMum;avhvm NyD;IBM UKwGif System Engineertjzpfvkyfud kifcJ haomOD;rsdK;rif;onf jrefrmjynfod k Y jyefvnfa&muf&S dcJ hygonf/ ,if;ud ktrsdK;om;pDrHudef;ESifh b@ma&;0efBuD;XmewGif tcsdefyd kif;twk difyifcHtaejzif hcef YtyfcJ hygonf/
a'gufwmcspfaqGud k &efukef0dZÆ mESif hodyH Üwuúok dvfocsF mXmeod k Y ygarmu©tjzpf ajymif;a&T Ucef YtyfcJ hygonf/ ocsF mXme\wwd,tay:qH k;xyfwGif ,m,D½H k;cef;tjzpf tcef;wpfckud k ay;tyfcJ hygonf/
&efukef0dZÆ mESif hodyÜ Hwuúod kvfocsF mXmerSq&m OD;armifarmifonf txl;yiftultnDay;urf;cJhygonf/ xkdtcsdefwGifpDrHudef;jyifqifa&;tzG J UwGif acgif;aqmiftjzpf a'gufwmcspfaqG? vufaxmuftjzpf pma&;olaqmif½GufNyD;? OD;xGef;atmifausmfESif hocsF mbG J Y&NyD; ausmif;om;^olrsm;u vkyftm;ay;tjzpf ulnDMuygonf/OD;ud kud kav;ESif hOD;rd sK;rif;wk d Yvn;f pDrHudef;jyifqifrIaqmif½Guf&mrsm;wGifvnf; vk d
tyfovk d yg0ifulnDMuygonf/UNDP/UNESCOwuúok dvfrsm;
uGefysLwmXmepDrHudef;udk tpdk;&ESifhUNDPwk Y du 1970ckESpfwGif oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xk d;cJ hygonf/
,lpDpD\zG J Upnf;yH kudkpDrHudef;jyifqifa&;tzG J Uu a&;qG Jtqk djyKcJ hygonf/ ,lpDpDtaejzif h avhusif hoifMum;a&;ESif h uGefysLwmvkyfaqmifrIrsm;ud k wuúok dvfrsm;omrubJ tjcm;tpk d;&Xmersm;ud kyg vkyfaqmifay;&ef jzpfygonf/ ,lpDpDzG J Upnf;yH kwGifñTefMum;a&;rSL;uOD;pD;NyD; pDrHcef YcG Ja&;bkwftzG J U (Board of Management)
u uGyfuJtBuHay;ygonf/ ,lpDpD\pDrHcef YcG Ja&;bkwftzG J UwGif txufwef;ynmOD;pD;XmeñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfuOuú|tjzpf aqmif½Gufí ,lpDpDñTefMum;a&;rSL;u twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif½Guf
ygonf/ñTefMum;a&;rSL;atmufwGif twwf
ynmqk dif&m (Technical) XmecG JoH k;ck?uGefysLwmvnfywfa&;XmecGJ (Com-
puter Operations Division) uGefysLwmpepfXmecGJ (Computer System
Division)ESif h uGefysLwmtoH k;csXmecJ G(Computer Application Division)
[lí twwfynmqk dif&m (Technical)
XmecG JoH k;ck&S dygonf/ XmecG Jwpfckud k ref
ae*smwOD;pDuOD;aqmiftkyfcsKyfygonf/uGefysLwmvnfywfa&;XmecG JatmufwGif
ICL 1902S Mainframe Computer
7/25/2019 Myanmar Py i Computer I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/myanmar-py-i-computer-i 4/6
44q, f ESpf ajrmuf t x l;xkwf r*¾Zif ; jrefrmEkdi fi Hu GefysLwmt o i f;csKyf ESi f ht o i f ;rsm;\
uGefysLwmvnfywfa&;Xmepdwf (Com-
puter Operation Section)ESif htcsuftvufjyifqifa&;Xmepdwf (Data Prepa-
ration Section) &S dygonf/ uGefysLwmpepfXmecG JatmufwGif uGefysLwmpepf
pufypönf; (Computer System Hard-ware Section) XmepdwfESifhuGefysLwmpepfaqmhzf0JXmepdwf (Computer Sys-
tem Software Section) &Sdygonf/uGefysLwmtoH k;csXmecG JatmufwGif odyÜ Hqk dif&mtoH k;csa&; (Scientific Appli-
cation) XmepdwfESif h pD;yG m;a&;qk dif&mtoH k;csa&; (Business Application) Xmepdwf&S dygonf/ ,lpDpD\ Administrative
Support u@twGuf tpd k;&Xmersm;\
or&k d;uspma&;oH k; (Clerk Oriented)
pepftpm; Secretary Oriented pepftoH k;jyK&ef tqk djyKcJ hygonf/ pmES dyfpuf?atmufwef;? txufwef; branch clerk
rsm;tpm; administrative Support XmepdwfwGif½H k;tkyf? Secretary oH k;OD;? ½H k;vkvif 2OD;ESif hoef Y&Sif;a&;2OD;yg0ifygonf/
,lpDpDzG J Upnf;yH kud k tpk d;&rS oabmwlcGif hjyKcJ hygonf/a'gufwmcspfaqGu ,if;\ &efukef0dZÆ modyH Üwuúod kvfocsF mXmeygaru©&mxl;wm0efrsm;tjyif ,lpDpD\ñTefMum;a&;rSL;tjzpf cef Ytyfjcif;cH&ygonf/ pDrHcef YcG Ja&;bkwfwGifynma&;0efBuD;a'gufwmnDnDu Ouú|jzpfNyD;a'gufwmcspfaqGu twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfygonf/tzGJ U0ifrsm;tjzpf &efukefpufrIwuúod kvf ud k,fpm;vS,fNrdKUjytif*sifeD,mXmeygarmu© a'gufwmatmifBuD; (aemifygarmu©csKyf &efukefpufrIwuúodkvf )?
pD;yG m;a&;wuúod kvfuk d,f fpm;vS,fokawoeygarmu©a'gufwmcifarmifMunf?trsdK;om;pDrHudef;ESif h b@ma&;0efBuD;Xme\ud k,fpm;vS,fjzpfaom a'gufwmbvD S? OD;0if;az ESif h OD;ñGef Yarmif? A[k dpm&if;tif;ESif hpD;yG m;a&;Xme (Central Sta-
tistics and Economics Department,
CSED)\ ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;oufxGef;? jrefrmhrD;&xm;rS ud k,fpm;vS,fapmrufuoDausmfponfwk d Y jzpfMuygonf/
,lpDpD\ b@ma&;qk dif&mbwf*sufud kvnf; wGufcsuf&efvk dygonf/ tzG J U
acgif;aqmifESifhpma&;olrsm;Xmebwf*swftawG UtMuHKr&S dí &efukef0dZÆmodyH Üwuúod kvfESif h vkyfom;aumvdyfb@ma&;t&m&S drsm;ESif haqG;aEG;NyD; tultnD&,lygonf/ vkyfom;aumvdyfb@m
a&;t&m&SdESifh ,if;\vufaxmufrSm,lpDpDbwf*sufjyifqif tqkd kjyK&mwGiftxl;yif ulnDcJ hygonf/ vufaxmufb@ma&;t&m&S du rMumrDrS bG J U&xm;aom ,if;\nD0rf;uG JOD;0if;jrif hud k ulnDapygonf/ aemif,lpDpDwGif Secretary
jzpfolOD;0if;jrif honf bwf*sufwGufcsuf&mwGif ulnDcJ hygonf/
jrefrmEk difiH\ yxruGefysLwmwwfqif&m jyifqifrItjzpf tpk d;&Xmersm;rS
0efxrf;rsm;ud k uGefysLwmenf;ynm toH k;csa&;ESif h pDrHcef YcG Ja&;wk d YwGif Ek difiHjcm;od k Y apvTwfavhvmoifMum;apygonf/
&efukefpufrIwuúok dvf? ocsF mXmevufaxmufuxduOD;a½Tvd Iifonf pDrHudef;jyifqifa&;tzG J UwGif acwÅ yg0ifulnDcJ hygonf/ ,if;ud kuGefysLwmvnfywfrIpDrHcef YcG Ja&;oifwef;wufa&muf&ef t*FvefEk difiHod k Y ud kvHbk dpDrHudef;jzif h apvTwfcJ hygonf/
jrefrmhrD;&xm;rS OD;at;xG#fESif hOD;ausmfqef;? CSED rSa':rmvmwif?OD;aqmif;wifESif h OD;½Iusdefwk d Yud k tcsuftvufpDpOfaqmif½Gufjcif; (Data Pro-
cessing) ud kavhvmoifMum;&eftwGufud kvHbk dpDrHudef;atmufwGif MopaMw;vsEk difiHod k Y apvTwfcJ hygonf/pma&;olonf 1970 ckESpfatmufwk dbmrS 'DZifbmvtxd ESpfvwmtkyfpkvk duf
uGefysLwmenf;ynmavhvmoifMum;a&;oifwef; (Group Training Course on
Computer Technology)ud k uk dvHbd kpDrHudef;atmuf *syefEk difiH? wk dusdKNrdKUwGifwufa&mufcJ hygonf/ pma&;olonf *syef[D;Ek d;ukrÜPDwGif y½k d*&rfpDpOfoltjzpf vkyfud kifaeaom OD;atmifvd Iifud k awG UqH kcJ hygonf/
xd ktcsdefwGif UNESCO taejzif hpDrHudef;ud k pwifaqmif½GufNyD;pDrHudef;t
wGuf uGefysLwmud ka&G;cs,f&ef jrefrmEk difiHtpdk;&\ ukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a'gufwmcspfaqGonf jyifopfEkdifiH?yJ&pfNrdKU UNESCO½H k;csKyfod k Y oG m;a&mufcJ hygonf/ IBMESif h ICLukrÜPDESpfckpvH k;onf tqk djyKcsufrsm; (proposal) wifoGif;Muygonf/
ICL 1900 Series uGefysLwmud kIBM 360tpm;a½G;cs,fcJ hygonf/ IBM
taejzif h jrefrmjynfok d Y IBM 360 oma&mif;csvmNyD; aemufqH k;ay: IBM 370
ud kr a&mif;csEk difao;aomaMumif h jzpfygonf/ a'gufwmcspfaqGonf t*FvefEk difiHvef'efNrdKUod k Y qufvufoG m;a&mufNyD; ICLukrÜPDESif haqG;aEG;cJ hygonf/ ICL
taejzif hueOD;u ICL 1920Aud k tqk djyKcJ haomfvnf;aemifwGif ICL 1902S
jzif hwk d;jr§if hay;&ef oabmwlcJ hygonf/UNESCO ESif hpDrHudef; tjcm;udpö
rsm;aqG;aEG;&mwGif UNESCOtaejzif hjrefrmjynftwGuf tcsdefMum(long term)
yg&*lOD;jcif;&S mazG&ef tcuftcJ&S dojzif hyg&*ltpdwftyd kif;ud k qyfuefx½d kuf(Sub-
contract) ay;&ef wk dufwGef;cJ hygonf/yg&*lqyfuefx½dkuftwGuf wif'grsm;ac:,l&m french Information Re-
search Institute (IRIA) ESifh Uni-
verstiy of California at Santa Cruz
(UZSC)wd k Yu tqk drsm;wifoGif;ygonf/
1971 ckESpf1971 {NyDwGif refae*smoH k;OD;ud k
a&G;cs,fcef YtyfNyD; ,lpDpDud k pwifvk dufygonf/ pma&;olonf &efukefpufrIwuúod kvfvQyfppftif*sifeD,mXmerS uGefysLwmpepfXmecGJ\ refae*smpepftif
*sifeD,mtjzpf ajymif;a&T YcJ hygonf/ OD;udkud kav;onf jynfol Yvkyfief;aumfydka&;&Sif; (aqmufvkyfa&;)rS uGefysLwmvkyfaqmifa&;XmecG J refae*smtjzpfajymif;a&T UcJ hygonf/ OD;rsdK;rif;onf uGefysLwmtoHk;csXmecGJ refae*smtjzpfcef Ytyfjcif;cH&ygonf/
pwifvk dufaom ,lpDpDud k rEåav;aqmif wwd,xyfwGif ,m,D½k H;cef;rsm;&&S dcJ hygonf/ refae*smrsm;ESif hpDrHudef;jyif
qifa&;tzG J Uvkyftm;ay;wk d Yonf wuúod kvfrsm;ESif h tjcm;tpd k;&Xme trIxrf;
7/25/2019 Myanmar Py i Computer I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/myanmar-py-i-computer-i 5/6
45q, f ESpf ajrmuf t x l;xkwf r*¾Zif ; jrefrmEkdi fi Hu GefysLwmt o i f;csKyf ESi f ht o i f ;rsm;\
uGefysLwmwuúod kvf\ topfwd k;csJ Uxm;aom taqmifyk HpH
rsm;tm; uGefysLwmy½d k*&rf pDpOfa&;om;jcif;ESif h uGefysLwmtoH k;csa&; oifwef;rsm;ud kyd k YcscJ hygonf/
aemuftjcm;0efxrf;rsm; yxrtokwftaejzif h a&G;cs,fcef YtyfcJ hygonf/
&mxl;avQmufxm;oltm;vH k;onf apti-tude testud k ajzqk d&NyD; atmifjrifolrsm;vlawGUppfaq;jcif;cH&ygonf/ OD;xGef;atmifausmf? bDtD; (qufoG,fa&;)ESif hOD;vSrif;? bDtD; (qufoG,fa&;)wk d Yuxdef;odrf;a&;? tif*sifeD,m,rsm;tjzpf0ifa&mufcJhygonf/
OD;vSrif;aemuf wpfOD;bDtD;(qufoG,fa&;)onf atmfya&wmcsKyftjzpfvnf;aumif;? OD;armifarmifBuD;odyÜH
(½lyaA')u uGefysLwmatmfya&wmtjzpfvnf;aumif; 0ifa&mufcJ hygonf/ &efukef0dZÆ modyÜ Hwuúod kvfocsF mXmerS enf;jyq&mrsm;jzpfaom OD;atmifaZmfESif h OD;odef;jrif hwk d Yu pepfy½d k*&rfpDpOfolrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? pD;yGm;a&;wuúod kvfpm&if;tif;XmerS enf;jyq&mrsm;jzpfaom OD;xifausmfESifh OD;xGef;a&TwkdhtoH k;csy½d k*&rf pDpOfolrsm;tjzpf ajymif;
a&T UcJhygonf/ odyÜ H (ocsFm)bGJU& OD;jrxGef;vnf; y½d k*&rfpDpOfoltjzpf cef Ytyf
cH&ygonf/tjcm;trIxrf;rsm;\ 'kwd,tokwf
ud k a&G;cs,fcef YtyfcJ h&m bDtD; (qufoG,fa&;)bG J Y& OD;pd k;0if;u xdef;odrf;a&;(tif*sifeD,mtjzpf 0ifa&mufcJ hNyD;? CSEDrSOD;pd k;
odef;u Offline Operatortjzpf ajymif;a&T YcJ hygonf/
pDrHudef;atmuf ynmoifqk yxrtokwfud k atmufwk dbmvwGif t*FvefEk difiHok d Y apvTwfcJ hygonf/ pma&;olESif hOD;atmifaZmfonf aqmuf[efwifwuúod kvf\ uGefysLwmodyÜ H r[modyÜ Hoifwef;od kY wufa&mufcJhygonf/atmuf[efwifwuúod kvfwGif ICL1907puf toHk;jyKí xkdoifwef;udk a&G;
cs,fcJ hygonf/ OD;xifausmfu vef'efwuúod kvfatmuf uGefysLwm odyÜ Hwuúodkvf (Institute of Computer Sci-
ence) wGif uGefysLwmpm&if;tif;qk dif&mr[modyÜ Hoifwef; (M.Sc. Computer
Oriented Statistics ud k wufa&mufcJ hygonf/
1972 ckESpf
pDrHudef;atmuf ynmoif'kwd,tokwftjzpf OD;xGef;atmifausmfESif hOD;vSrif;
wk d honf uGefysLwmxdef;odrf;a&;oifwef;ud k t*FvefEk difiH ICL oifwef;ausmif;wGif wufa&mufcJ hygonf/
aemuf ynmoifwwd,tokwftjzpf OD;udkudkav;onf vefuwfpwm
wuúodkvfwGif pepftif*sifeD,mr[modyÜ Hoifwef;od k Y wufa&mufcJ hNyD;? OD;pd k;0if;u uGefysLwmxdef;odrf;a&; oifwef;udk ICL oifwef;ausmif;wGif wufa&mufcJ hygonf/
wwd,tokwf trIxrf;rsm; a&G;cs,fcef YtyfcJ h&m OD;armifarmifaX; odyÜ H(ocsF m) (,ck ygarmu©? &wfzd k Ywuúod kvf?Am*sD;eD;,m;jynfe,f? tar&duef )onfpepf y½k d*&rfpDpOfoltjzpfvnf;aumif;?
OD;odef;OD; 0gPdZÆaA' (pm&if;) (,ckOuú|? jrefrmEd kifiHuGefysLwmtoif;csKyf )?OD;jrodef; 0gPdZÆaA' (ygarmu©? &efukefuGefysLwmwuúod kvf )? OD;pd k;oef;odyÜ H (,ckygarmu©? Am*sD;eD;,m;ppfwuúodkvf)?a':&DeDaumif;ZHpD;yG m;a&; (pm&if;tif;)wk d Yonf toH k;csy½d k*&rfpDpOf olrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? OD;atmifjrif h odyÜ H (½lyaA')? OD;aiGpd k;at*sDwDtd kif (qufoG,f
a&;)wk d hu xdef;odrf;a&;uRrf;usifoltjzpfvnf;aumif;? a':oD&dnGefha0 odyÜH
7/25/2019 Myanmar Py i Computer I
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/myanmar-py-i-computer-i 6/6
46q, f ESpf ajrmuf t x l;xkwf r*¾Zif ; jrefrmEkdi fi Hu GefysLwmt o i f;csKyf ESi f ht o i f ;rsm;\
(½lyaA')u uGefysLwmatmfya&wmtjzpfvnf;aumif;? OD;armifarmifav;?a':nGef hnGefhwif? OD;oef;xGef;? OD;jrifhvGifwk d Yu uyfjym;azmufatmfya&wmtjzpfvnf;aumif; 0ifa&mufcJ hygonf/
ork dif;aumvdyfe,fajr&S d taqmuftOD;topfod k h ajymif;a&T UcJ hygonf/ uGefysLwmESif h ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;pufrsm;wnfae&mjyifqifrIrsm;ud kpwifcJhygonf/ wnfae&m jyifqifrIrsm;? avat;pufESif h rk dwmatmfvwmaewm (Motor
Alternator) ESif h ,lyDtuf(p) (UPS)
yg0ifaomvQyfppfpGrf;tm;pepfrsm;ud k wyfqif&m ICL taejzif h t*FvefrS ukrÜPDwpfckud k qyfuefx½d kay;cJ hygonf/
pDrHudef;atmuf&Sd yg&*lqyfuefx½d kufud k pifwmc½k(Z)NrdKY&S d u,fvDzd k;eD;,m;wuúod kvf (University of Cali-
fornia, Santa Cruz, UCSC) u &&S dcJ hygonf/ urÇ mhyxrOD;qH k; tDvufx&GefepfuGefysLwm ENIACwnfxGifaqmufvkyf&mwGif yg0ifcJ haom uGefysLwma&S Uaqmifvrf;jyjzpfNyD; UCSC uGefysLwmodyÜHXme\ Ouú|jzpfaom ygarmu©Harry D Huskey onf yg&*lqyfuefx½dkuf\ n§ dEdIif;pDpOfoltjzpf aqmif&GufcJ hygonf/
UCSC qyfuefx½d kuftaejzif h ygarmu© Huskey ESpfpOf vma&mufjcif;tjyif umv&Snf (12 v) yg&*l (4)OD;ESif humvwk d (1v) yg&*lrsm;ud k pDpOfay;&ef&S dygonf/
toH k;csaqmhzf0Jrsm;ud k vkyfaqmifEd kif&efICL George 2 Operating System
atmufwGif vkyfaqmifygonf/ tqif hjrif hy½k d*&rfpDpOfa&; bmompum;rsm;jzpfaom FORTRANESif U COBOLud kvnf;
vufcHaxmufyH Uygonf/ Assemblybmompum;jzpfaom PLAN (Project
Language Nineteen Hundred) ud kvnf; vufcHaxmufyH hygonf/ tjcm;aqmhzf0Jvfrsm;rS m zd kifrsm;rS owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &S mazGxkwfvkyf&ef FIND ESif Uoef;acgifpm&if;ESif h ppfwrf;rsm;Z,m;zG J YEd kifaom FILANbmompum;ud kvnf;axmufyH hygonf/
1973 ckESpfICL 1902SuGefysLwmESif h ywf0ef;
usifpepfrsm;tm; vufcHppfaq;prf;oyfrIrsm;ud k azazmf0g&D 25 &ufrSpí rwfv8 &ufaehwGif NyD;qH k;cJ Uygonf/ ICL ESif Uqyfuefx½k dufrS tif*sifeD,mESif U uRrf;usifolrsm; ppfaq;prf;oyfrIrsm;ud k vma&mufjyKvkyfcJ hygonf/ ygarmu© Huskey
vma&mufNyD; ppfaq;&mwGif ukvor*¾pDrHudef;ud k ud k,fpm;jyKí vufcHcJ Uygonf/
þodkYjzifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif uGefysLwmacwfud k pwifxlaxmifcJ hMuonf/jrefrmEd kifiHuGefysLwmacwfOD;yd kif; umvrsm;udk 0dkif;0ef;BudK;pm;vkyfudkifMu&if;uGefysLwmenf;ynmudk tpysKd;o,faqmifvmcJ hMuonf/
ICL \ tajcpd kuf xdef;odrf;a&;tif*sifeD,mMr.Gaber Khalef (Egypt)
ESif h ICL tajcpd kufaqmhzf0Jtif*sifeD,mMr.Ian Shearer (UK)wk d Yonf atmufwk dbmvwGif ,if;wk d h\ wm0efrsm;ud k
pwifxrf;aqmifMuygonf/'DZifbmvwGif ICL 1902S uGefysLwmud k uGefysLwmtcef;od k h ajymif;a&T Y NyD;wyfqifrIpwifcJ hygonf/ ICL 1900 Se-
riesuGefysLwmonf rSwfÓmPf 48 K 24
bit wordsyg0ifaom ICL 1902S Cen-
tral Processing Unit (CPU) yg0ifygonf/
onf odyÜ Hqd kif&mtoH k;jyKaomFloating Point y½d kqufqmud k qd kvd kygonf/ uGefysLwmpepfwGif tkyfcsKyfrI,lepf
oD;oef Yyg0ifaom 8 MBvJvS,fí&aom(Exchangeable Disk Drive) (2)ckyg0ifygonf/ yd kíBuD;aom zd kifrsm;ud k od kavS mifEd kif&ef zd kifrsm;onf exchange-
able disk drives wpfckxufruwGifwnf&S dEd kifygonf/ uGefysLwmpepfwGiftkyfcsKyfrI,lepfwpfckESif h wdwfacG,lepf(4)ck? wpfrdepf wGif uyfjym; (800)zwfEd kifaom uyfjym;zwfpufESif U wpfrdepfwGif vd kif;aygif; 1300 yH kES dyfEd kifaom vd kif;y&ifwm yg0ifygonf/ atmfya&wmtaejzif U uGefysLwmESif U qufoG,faomteletypewriter ? atmfya&wm con-
solevnf; yg0ifygonf/ uyfjym;azmuf&eftwGuf uyfjym;azmufpuf 4 ckvnf; yg&S dygonf/
uGefysLwmud k tkyfcsKyf&ef y½k d*&rfESif U