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MYCOLOGICAL 'NEWSLETTER MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

June 1978 Vol.29 No.1

MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA NEWSLETTER

Vol . 29. number 1 J u n e 1 9 7 8

P u b l i s h e d t w i c e y e a r l y by t h e

Myco log ica l S o c i e t y o f America

E d i t e d by Henry C . A l d r i c h Depar tment o f M i c r o b i o l o g y and C e l l S c i e n c e . McCarty H a l l

U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a G a i n e s v i l l e . F l o r i d a 32611

CONTENTS

. . . . S u s t a i n i n g members o f t h e Myco log ica l S o c i e t y I . . . . . Symposia . m e e t i n g s . a n d f o r a y s o f i n t e r e s t 4

. . . . . . . . . . New m y c o l o g i c a l r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t s 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C o u r s e s i n mycology 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . Fungi a v a i l a b l e f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fungi wanted 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I d e n t i f i c a t i o n s 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P u b l i c a t i o n s wan ted 9

. . . . . P u b l i c a t i o n s f o r s a l e . exchange . o r giveaway 1 0

[ INSERT: A I B S MEETING SCHEDULE AND ABSTRACTS 1

. . . . . . F e l l o w s h i p s and a s s i s t a n t s h i p s a v a i l a b l e 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P o s i t i o n s wan ted 1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P e r s o n a l s 1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous 1 7 . . . . . . . . . Comments on a Mycologia book r e v i e w 18

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Humor ( ? ) 1 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . h!embership a p p l i c a t i o n b l a n k 20

Cover by Kathy Erdman

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

ANALYTAB PRODUCTS D i v i s i o n o f Ayers t L a b o r a t o r i e s

P l a i n v i e w , New York 11803

AYERST LABORATORIES D i v i s i o n o f A y e r s t , McKenna & H a r r i s c n L imi t ed

1025 L a u r e n t i a n Blvd. , P. 0 . Box 6082 Mont rea l , Canada H3C 3A7

BBL, DIVISION OF BIOQUEST D i v i s i o n o f Becton , Dickinson and Co.

C o c k e y s v i l l e , Maryland 21030

BELLCO GLASS, I N C . 349 Edrudo Road

Vine land , New J e r s e y 08360

BUTLER COUNTY MUSHROOM FARM West W i n f i e l d , P e n n s y l v a n i a 16062

CALBIOCHEM P.O. Box 12087

San Diego, C a l i f o r n i a 92112

CAMPBELL SOUP COMPANY Camden, New J e r s e y 08101

DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION T. R. Evans Research C e n t e r

P. 0 . Box 348 P a i n e s v i l l e , Ohio 44077

DIFCO LABORATORY PRODUCTS The comple t e l i n e o f

m i c r o b i o l o g i c a l r e a g e n t s and media P.O. BOX 10.58-A

D e t r o i t , Michigan 48232

DUPONT COMPANY, INSTRUMENT PRODUCTS Biomed i c a l D i v i s i o n

P e c k ' s Lane Newtown, C o n n e c t i c u t 06470

FUNK SEEDS INTERNATIONAL A Company o f CIBA-GEIGY C o r p o r a t i o n

F u n k ' s G-Hybrid Corn, Sorghum and Farm Seeds Bloomington , I l l i n o i s 61701

GB FERMENTATION INDUSTRIES (Former1 y WALLERSTEIN COMPANY)

One North Broadway Des P l a i n e s , I l l i n o i s 60016

HOFFMAN-LA ROCHE, I N C . P h a r m a c e u t i c a l s , v i t a m i n s and a romat ic chemica l s

Nut ley , New J e r s e y 07110

LAB-LINE INSTRUMENTS, I N C . Des igners and manufac tu re r s of i n s t r u m e n t s f o r s c i e n c e ,

i n d u s t r y , r e s e a r c h and e d u c a t i o n s i n c e 1898 Melrose Park , I l l i n o i s 60160

LANE SCIENCE EQUIPMENT CO. Complete l i n e of museum s t o r a g e c a b i n e t s

e s p e c i a l l y herbar ium c a b i n e t s - - a i r t i g h t f o r permanent p r o t e c t i o n 105 Chambers S t .

New York, New York 10007

ELI LILLY AND COMPANY P h a r m a c e u t i c a l s , a g r i c u l t u r a l and i n d u s t r i a l p r o d u c t s and c o s m e t i c s

307 E a s t McCarty, I n d i a n a p o l i s , Ind iana 46206

MERCK SHARP AND DOHME RESEARCH LABORATORIES D i v i s i o n of Merck & Co., Inc .

Rahway, New J e r s e y 07065

MILES LABORATORIES, I N C . Pharmaceu t i ca l and chemical r e s e a r c h and manufacture

E l k h a r t , Indiana 46514

NEW BRUNSWICK SCIENTIFIC CO. , I N C . 44 Talmadge Road, P.O. Box 986

Edison, New J e r s e y 08817

OLYMPUS CORPORATION OF AMERICA P r e c i s i o n Ins t rument D i v i s i o n

Compound and s t e r e o microscopes f o r r e s e a r c h , l a b o r a t o r y and s c h o o l s w i t h a c c e s s o r i e s f o r f l u o r e s c e n c e , phase c o n t r a s t , i n t e r f e r e n c e c o n t r a s t and photomicrography

New Hyde Park , New York, 11041

PARKE, DAVIS & COMPANY Research L a b o r a t o r i e s

D e t r o i t , Michigan 48232

PFIZER, I N C . F ine chemicals and p h a r m a c e u t i c a l s

by means o f microorganisms 235 E a s t 42nd S t r e e t , New York, New York 10017

PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INCORPORATED 1206 Mulberry S t r e e t

Des Moines, Iowa 50308

SCHERING CORPORATION Pharmaceu t i ca l manufac tu re r s Bloomfie ld , New J e r s e y 07003

G. D. SEARLE & COMPANY Hea l th Care P r o d u c t s and S e r v i c e

P. 0. Box 1045, Skokie , I l l i n o i s 60076

SMITH DINE & FRENCH LABORATORIES P r e s c r i p t i o n med ic ines and o t h e r h e a l t h c a r e p r o d u c t s

D i v i s i o n o f SmithKline C o r p o r a t i o n P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pennsy lvan ia 19101

TRIARCH INCORPORATED Q u a l i t y p repa red microscope s l i d e s , c a t a l o g l i s t e d

o r custom prepared t o your s p e c i f i c a t i o n s Ripon, Wisconsin 54971

THE UPJOHN COMPANY F i n e p h a r m a c e u t i c a l s s i n c e 1886

Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001

VELSICOL CHEMICAL CORPORATION A g r i c u l t u r a l and I n d u s t r i a l Chemical P r o d u c t s 341 Eas t Ohio S t r e e t , Chicago, I l l i n o i s 60611

WARNER-LAMBERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE C e n t r a l Research A f f i l i a t e o f t h e Warner-Lambert Company

Mor r i s P l a i n s , New J e r s e y 07950

SYMPOSIA. MEETINGS. AND FORAYS OF INTEREST

* H a r r y T h i e r s t e l l s u s t h a t t h e 1 9 7 8 D.E. S t u n t z M y c o l o g i c a l F o r a y w i l l b e h e l d o n t h e weekend o f D e c . 1 - 3 a t t h e Mendocino Woodlands Camp, t h e same p l a c e w h e r e t h e f o r a y w a s h e l d i n 1 9 7 1 , T h e r e w i l l a l s o b e a N . A . M . A . f o r a y n e a r t h e r e o n T h a n k s g i v i n g weekend . C o n t a c t H a r r y K n i g h t o n f o r i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e N . A . M . A . e v e n t , a n d H a r r y T h i e r s f o r f u r t h e r ma te r ia l s on t h e S t u n t z F o r a y .

* An i n v i t a t i o n a l symposium on s e v e r a l a n g l e s a n d p r o b l e m s o f " M a i n t e n a n c e o f Fungus C u l t u r e s " h a s b e e n o r g a n i z e d b y Emory Simmons f o r t h e X I 1 I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n g r e s s o f M i c r o b i o l o g y , Munich , 3-8 S e p t . , 1 9 7 8 . S p e a k e r s w i l l i n c l u d e R . P . E l a n d e r , B. K i r s o p , C . P . Kur tzman , P . Mazur , a n d M . A . A . S c h i p p e r .

* G e o r g e G r t m e s g a v e a 3 d a y c o u r s e on w i l d mushroom i d e n t i f i - c a t i o n i n L a n d e r , Wyoming, May 12-14. The g r o u p a t t e n d i n g was s o e n t h u s i a s t i c t h a t t h e y fo rmed a new mushroom c l u b . G e o r g e a l s o i n c l u d e d an annoucement a b o u t t h e 5 t h Annua l Aspen Mushroom C o n f e r e n c e , Augus t 1 3 - 1 8 , 1 9 7 8 , i n C o l o r a d o . A l e x a n d e r H . S m i t h a n d H a r r y D . T h i e r s w i l l b e i n c h a r g e . I t i s d e s i g n e d f o r p h y s i c i a n s , s c i e n t i s t s , a m a t e u r a n d p r o f e s - s i o n a l m y c o l o g i s t s . F o r d e t a i l s : B e t h I s rae l H o s p i t a l , 1 6 0 1 L o w e l l B l v d . , D e n v e r , CO 8 0 2 0 4 , o r p h o n e 303-825-2190, E x t . 3 5 0 .

* We r e c e i v e d a p r e l i m i n a r y n o t e t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t t h e 1 3 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l B o t a n i c a l C o n g r e s s w i l l b e h e l d i n S y d n e y , A u s t r a l i a , i n 1 9 8 1 . Anyone i n t e r e s t e d i n r e c e i v i n g f u t u r e m a i l i n g s s h o u l d s e n d t h e i r name a n d a d d r e s s t o : D r . W . J . Cram, E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a r y , 1 3 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l B o t a n i c a l C o n g r e s s , U n i v e r s i t y o f S y d n e y , NSW 2 0 0 6 , A u s t r a l i a .

* The S o c i e t y f o r I n d u s t r i a l Mycology w i l l meet i n H o u s t o n , T e x a s a t Rice U n i v e r s i t y , August 13-18 , 1 9 7 8 . A l m a Dietz h a s o r g a n i z e d a n A c t i n o m y c e t e workshop f o r Aug. 1 2 - 1 3 . F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n : M s . Ann K u l b a c k , S o c i e t y f o r I n d u s - t r i a l Mycology, 1 4 0 1 W i l s o n B l v d . , A r l i n g t o n , VA 22209 .

* -- Roger Goos r e p o r t s t h a t N e w E n g l a n d m y c o l o g i s t s h e l d a v e r y s u c c e s s f u l m e e t i n g a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Rhode I s l a n d o n A p r i l 1 5 , 1 9 7 8 . I t d r e w a m a t e u r , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a p p l i e d , a n d b a s i c m y c o l o g i s t s . A n o t h e r s u c h m e e t i n g w i l l b e h e l d a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f M a s s a c h u s e t t s , A m h e r s t , i n A p r i l , 1 9 7 9 . C o n t a c t Howard B i g e l o w f o r d e t a i l s .

* S a n d r a A n a g n o s t a k i s r e p o r t s t h a t a symposium o n American C h e s t n u t R e s e a r c h w a s h e l d on J a n . 4 -5 , 1 9 7 8 i n Morgantown, W . V . More t h a n 1 7 0 p e o p l e f r o m 2 0 s t a t e s a n d two f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s a t t e n d e d . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e m e e t i n g a re a v a i l a b l e f rom D r . Wm. MacDonald, 5 2 8 B r o o k s H a l l , West V i r g i n i a U n i v e r s i t y , Ylorgantown, WV 26506 .

* O r s o n Miller w i l l l e a d a N . A . M . A . F o r a y t o Sweden a n d F i n - l a n d d u r i n g A u g u s t , 197'8. C o n t a c t H a r r y K n i g h t o n f o r d e t a i l s .

* We have j u s t l e a r n e d t h a t t h e Boston Mycological Club conduc t s f o r a y s th roughou t New England each week from J u l y t o October . For more i n f o r m a t i o n o r membership forms c o n t a c t : Boston hfycological Club, P a t r i c k P e t e r s o n , T r e a s . , 21* Tnman S t . , Cambridge, MA 02139.

* The Second Annual Houston hfushroom Foray w i l l t a k e p l a c e i n Texas , Nov. 2-5, 1978. Contac t D r . Cynthia Rogers , Houston B a p t i s t U n i v e r s i t y , Dept . of Biology, 7502 Fondren Rd. , Houston, TX 77074.

* The Judd Memorial Conference on Color M e t r i c s , Sponsored by t h e I n t e r - S o c i e t y Color Counc i l , w i l l be h e l d i n Wil l iams- b u r g , VA, Feb. 11-14, 1979. C o n t a c t : S.L. Davidson, N.L. I n d u s t r i e s , P.O. Box 700, Hightstown, N . J . 08520.

* In c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e Phytopathology m e e t i n g s , a symposium on t h e Biology of S c l e r o t i n i a w i l l be h e l d Oct 29- Nov. 2 , i n Tucson, Ar izona . Contac t George - S. Abawi f o r a d d i t i o n a l in fo rmat i o n ,

* On Aug. 15-20, 1978, t h e r e w i l l be t h e T h i r d N a t i o n a l Ex- h i b i t i o n of Fungi i n Mexico C i t y ' s Chapul tepec P a r k . F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n : D r . Lucia Varek, Dept . of Botany, Esc , Nac. C i e n c i a s B i o l o g i c a s , I . P . N . , Apartadu P o s t a l 26-378, Mexico 1 6 , D . F . , Mexico.

NEW MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROJECTS

* Orson Miller and Ar thur L i n k i n s a r e i n i t i a t i n g a s t u d y of t h e r o l e of f u n g i a s mycorrhiza fo rmers and i n decomposi t ion i n t u n d r a i n Alaska .

* David G r i f f i n i s i n v e s t i g a t i n g t h e chemical ecology o f Hypoxylon c a n k e r .

* A monograph of t h e genus Tr ichocladium i s be ing p r e p a r e d by Mary Palm and Elwin S t e w a r t .

* The e f f e c t of o i l s h a l e r e t o r t e f f l u e n t on communities of s o i l m i c r o f u n g i i n Wyoming sagebrush g r a s s l a n d s i s be ing s t u d i e d by Martha C h r i s t e n s e n .

* David Largen t i s working on mycorrhizae of e r i c a c e o u s s h r u b s and on m y c o r r h i z a l s u c c e s s i o n i n whi te p i n e s .

* I n R.L. G i l b e r t s o n ' s l a b , Donna G o l d s t e i n i s doing a c u l t u r a l s t u d y of I n o n o t u s a r i z o n i c u s .

* E.L. Schmidt is working on b a s i d i o s p o r e p r o d u c t i o n i n v i t r o and u s i n g s p o r e ge rmina t ion t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e e f f i c a c y of wood p r e s e r v a t i v e s .

* A r e v i s i o n a r y monograph of t h e Arachnopezizeae i s b e i n g p r e p a r e d by Dick Korf . --

* George Grimes s a y s t h a t t h e Colorado Mycological S o c i e t y is s p o n s o r i n g a F r o n t Range & C i t y Mushroom P r o j e c t i n t h e F o r t C o l l i n s , Denver, Colo- r ado S p r i n g s a r e a . They w i l l p u b l i s h a b o o k l e t on f u n g i of t h i s r e g i o n .

* A s p a r t o f a p r o j e c t on u t i l i z a t i o n o f c r u d e o i l by f u n g i f rom t u n d r a s o i l s , P a u l Widden is working o u t t h e e c o l o g y o f T r i chode rma i n f o r e s t s o i l s .

* A s t u d y o f m y c o r r h i z a e i n c u l t i v a t e d c r o p s is underway by H . E . B l o s s . - -

* The N o r t h American Myco log ica l A s s o c i a t i o n (NAMA), H a r r y K n i g h t o n , s e c r e t a r y , i s s p o n s o r i n g a N o r t h American Mushroom Watch, a p rogram d e s i g n e d t o e s t a b l i s h t h e most p r o l i f i c f u n g i i n N o r t h America . C o o r d i n a t o r s a r e work ing i n 1 2 z o n e s , c o l l e c t i n g vouche r spec imens f rom v o l u n t e e r s .

* F r a n k DiCosmo i s p r e p a r i n g a monograph o f t h e P h a c i d i a c e a e and a f f i l i a t e d anamorphs. I n t h e same l a b , Shannon B e r c h is i n v e s t i g a t i n g t h e e n d b m y c o r r h i z a e o f some f e r n s and f e r n a l l i e s .

* D a n i e l D . J o n e s and David J e n k i n s have i n i t i a t e d n u t r i t i o n a l s t u d i e s o f t h e g e n u s Amani ta .

* Myxomycetes o f G e o r g i a a r e b e i n g a c t i v e l y s t u d i e d by L a f a y e t t e F r e d e r i c k and H a r o l d Ke l l e r . They s e e k spec imens f rom t h i s s t a t e f rom a l l s o u r c e s .

* B e t s y R a n d a l l , work ing w i t h L a r r y Grand , is s t u d y i n g e c t o - m y c o r r h i z a e o f P i n u s s t r o b u s .

* A f i e l d manual o f mushrooms o f Iowa and t h e p r a i r i e midwest i s b e i n g p r e p a r e d by Donald Huffman and L o i s T i f f a n y .

* Ronald W . Meyer h a s Donna Zook i n h i s l a b work ing on a master ' s t h e s i s i n v o l v i n g w i n t e r b lossom b l i g h t o f I r is .

* A s t u d y o f t h e f u n g a l f l o r a o f T a b l e Mountain i n t h e Nor th Cascades h a s been i n i t i a t e d by David Hos fo rd w i t h U.S. F o r e s t S e r v i c e s u p p o r t .

* - A . Tsuneda and Y , H i r a t s u k a a r e s t u d y i n g m y c o p a r a s i t e s o f f o r e s t d i s e a s e p a t h o g e n s , e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e on f o r e s t t ree r u s t s .

* Red f a c e d e p a r t m e n t : One o f you r e d i t o r s had - H . - P . M o l i t o r i s e r r o n e o u s l y work ing on p s e u d o x i d a s e s l a s t i s s u e . Wrong; h e is work ing on o c c u r e n c e , s t r u c t u r e and f u n c t i o n o f phenol -

O"id-s. T h a t makes s e n s e , now, d o e s n l t i t?

COURSES IN MYCOLOGY

* David H o s f o r d , i n t h e B i o l o g y Depar tment o f C e n t r a l Washing- t o n U n i v e r s i t y , i s o f f e r i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g c o u r s e s t h i s y e a r : F a l l : Mushrooms and t h e i r a l l i e s ; F a l l , S p r i n g , and Summer: hgushroom i d e n t i f i c a t i o n ; S p r i n g and Summer: Advanced mushroom i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . H e s o u n d s busy .

SEE W)UR MSA DIRECTORY FOR ADDRESSES OF UNDERLINED NAMES.

* G e o r g e G r i m e s , w i t h t h e D e n v e r B o t a n i c G a r d e n s a n d t h e C o l o r a d o M y c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y , i s g i v i n g a w i l d mushroom i d e n t i f i c a t i o n c o u r s e a t D e n v e r B o t a n i c G a r d e n s . I t w i l l meet e a c h Wednesday n i g h t f o r s i x weeks b e g i n n i n g Aug. 3 0 , I t c o s t s $10 . C o n t a c t him f o r d e t a i l s .

* The U n i v e r s i t y o f W a t e r l o o o f f e r s a c o r r e s p o n d e n c e c o u r s e on f u n g i a n d n o n - v a s c u l a r p l a n t s , f o r c r e d i t . Write B r y c e K e n d r i c k f o r d e t a i l s .

* A t V i r g i n i a Commonwealth U n i v e r s i t y , G e r a l d L l e w e l l y n w i l l o f f e r a f a l l semester g r a d u a t e c o u r s e on m y c o t o x i n s .

* I r a S a l k i n a n d J o h n H a i n e s w i l l t e a c h I n t r o d u c t o r y P~lycology ( e m p h a s i z i n g a p p l i e d a s p e c t s ) i n s p r i n g , 1 9 7 9 , a t R u s s e l l S a g e C o l l e g e , T r o y , N . Y . On S e p t . 2 4 , 1 9 7 8 , t h e same p a i r w i l l t e a c h b i o l o g y a n d i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f f u n g u s s p o r e s i n a n a e r o a l l e r g e n workshop a t t h e N . Y . B o t a n i c a l G a r d e n . T h i s i s c o - s p o n s o r e d by C o r n e l l U n i v e r s i t y M e d i c a l C o l l e g e a n d ca r r i e s c o n t i n u i n g m e d i c a l e d u c a t i o n c r e d i t f o r p h y s i c i a n s . C o n t a c t L i n d a R a c h e l e , E d u c a t i o n D e p t . , NY B o t a n i c a l G a r d e n , B r o n x , NY 1 0 4 5 8 .

FUNGI AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION

* E l m e r S c h m i d t c a n s u p p l y s p o r u l a t i n g c u l t u r e s o f wood d e c a y f u n g i .

* D a v i d L e w i s c a n s u p p l y s p e c i m e n s o f R u s s u l a s p p . f r o m S o u t h e a s t T e x a s , w i t h n o t e s on f r e s h m a t e r i a l , i n r e t u r n f o r v e r i f i - c a t i o n o f h i s t e n t a t i v e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s .

* The B o s t o n M y c c l o g i c a l C l u b , P a t r i c k P e t e r s o n , t r e a s u r e r , 21: I ~ m a n S t . , C a m b r i d g e , MA 02139 can . s u p p l y f r e s h o r d r i e d spec i ! !~ens c o l l e c t e d o n t h e i r f o r a y s . P r o f e s s i o n a l m y c o l o g i s t s s h o u l d c o n t a c t him t o make a r r a n g e m e n t s .

FUNGI WANTED ( c = c u l t u r e s , s = s p e c i m e n s )

* Myxomycetes

H a r o l d Kel le r a n d K a r l Braun w i s h t o c o r r e s p o n d w i t h a n y o n e w i l l i n g t o c o l l e c t b a r k f r o m l i v i n g t rees i n Mexico f o r t h e m . H a r o l d would a l s o l i k e t o r e c e i v e Myxomycetes f r o m l i v i n g t r e e s , e s p e c i a l l y f r o m G e o r g i a , K e n t u c k y , M e x i c o , a n d N e w Z e a l a n d .

* C h y t r i d i a l e s

P u r e c u l t u r e s o f i d e n t i f i e d c h y t r i d s - G.S. T r e l a w n y . P h l y c t o c h y t r i u m ( c ) - D o n a l d B a r r .

CONSULT YOUR LISA DIRECTORY FOR ADDRESSES OF CORRESPONDENTS!

* A s c o m y c e t e s a n d I m p e r f e c t s

D a s y s c y p h u s a n d r e l a t e d g e n e r a ( s o r c ) J o h n H a i n e s . A c l a d i u m , O l p i t r i c h u m , G o n a t o b o t r y s ( c ) - H.L. B a r n e t t . Spp . o f G l o m e r e l l a ( C o l l e t o t r i c h u m , G l o e o s p o r i u m ) f r o m

f r u i t c r o p s - J o h n L. Maas. P h i a l e a B e l o n i o s c y p h a , A l l o p h y l a r i a , C y a t h i c u l a , D a v i n c i a --

( s & c ) - S t e v e n C a r p e n t e r . Coccomyces ( s ) - M a r t h a Sherwood . T r i c h o c l a d i u m s p p . ( c o r s ) - Mary Pa lm. S p p . o f A r a c h n o p e z i z a , A r a c h n o s c y p h a , E r i o p e z i z a , V e l u t a r i a

( i n c l . T a p e s i n a ) ( s ) - R . P . K o r f . A l s o a n y D i s c o m y c e t e s f r o m M a c a r o n e s i a .

T r i c h o d e r m a s p p . ( c ) - P a u l Widden. P h a c i d i a c e a e - ( s & c ) - F r a n k DiCosmo.

H y p o c r e a c e o u s p a r a s i t e s on r u s t s - Amy Rossman, P l a n t P a t h . H e r b a r i u m , C o r n e l l U n i v e r s i t y , I t h a c a , NY 14953.

* B a s i d i o m y c e t e s a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s

L e p i o t a s e n s u l a t o - W a l t e r S u n d b e r g . P h a l l a l e s ( s ) - Wm. R . B u r k . A p h y l l o p h o r a l e s f r o m J u n i p e r u s v i r g i n i a n a ; wood d e c a v f u n g i

( s ) f r o m s o u t h e r n " y e l l o w p i n e s M - K . Andrew West. ~ o r t i n i r i u s a n d ~ u b a r i a ' ( d r i e d - s ) , w i t h n o t e s on m a c r o s c c ~ p i c

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s (Kodachromes a r e h e l p f u l ) - J o e A m m i r a t i . D r i e d s p e c i m e n s ( room t e m p . ) o f s p p . o f B o u r d o t i a , B a s i d i o -

d e n d r o n , E x i d i o p s i s ( e s p . E . p l u m b e s c e n s & - E. c a l c e a ) ; E i c h l e r i e l l a a l l i c i e n s , ~ x i d i a g l a n d u l o s a , C a l o c e r a c o r n e a , Myxarium n u c l e a t u m , Dacrymyces d e l i q u e s c e n s (=D. s t i l l a t u s ) , A u r i c u l a r i a a u r i c u l a , a n d a n y s p e c i e s o f - ~ r e m e l l a -- p a r a s i t i c on b a s i d i o c a r p s o f S t e r e u m . I n f o r m a t i o n o n n a t u r e o f s u b s t r a t e would b e most h e l p f u l . K . Wells.

S p e c i m e n s , p r e f e r a b l y w i t h c o l o r n o t e s , o f E n t o l o m a ( s e n s u s t r i c t o ) a n d N o l a n e a - D.L. L a r g e n t .

Glomus & G i g a s p o r a i n p o t c u l t u r e s - H .E . B l o s s . H e r b a r i u m s p e c i m e n s o f A m a n i t a s EL n o t e s ; Amani ta c u l t u r e s

w . v o u c h e r s p e c i m e n s & n o t e s - D a v i d T . J e n k i n s . F u n g i ( c ) s u s p e c t e d o f b e i n g m y c o r r h i z a l w i t h P i n u s s t r o b u s . -

L a r r y G r a n d . Rh izopogon ( s & c ) ; d e s e r t g a s t e r o m y c e t e s o r a n y h y p o g e o u s

f u n g i - D a v i d R . H o s f o r d . E n d o z o i c n e m a t o d e t r a p p e r s - C a r y l E . H e i n t z .

IDENTIFICATIONS

The m y c o l o g i s t s b e l o w are w i l l i n g t o i d e n t i f y t h e f u n g i l i s t e d . P l e a s e c o n t a c t them d i r e c t l y .

* Rhizopogon a n d h y p o g e o u s B a s i d i o m y c e t e s ; d e s e r t g a s t e r o - m y c e t e s - D a v i d H o s f o r d .

* A m a n i t a s - D a v i d J e n k i n s .

* C o r t i n a r i u s - J o e Arnmirati

* L e p i o t a s e n s u l a t o f r o m N o r t h America - W a l t e r S u n d b e r g

* A r a c h n o p e z i z a c e a e , P o l y d e s r n i a , L a s i o b e l o n i u r n - R . P . Korf

* Coccornyces; any O s t r o p a l e s - M a r t h a Sherwood

* L e o t i a c e a e , e s p . P h i a l e a , B e l o n i o s c y p h a , D a v i n c i a , C y a t h i c u l a , A l l o p h y l a r i a - S t e v e n C a r p e n t e r

* D a s y s c y p h u s a n d r e l a t e d g e n e r a - J o h n H . H a i n e s

* C h y t r i d s i n c u l t u r e - D o n a l d B a r r

* Members o f A s p e r g i l l u s n i d u l a n s g r o u p a n d E m e r i c e l l a s p p . - M a r t h a C h r i s t e n s e n

* Myxornycetes f r o m b a r k o f l i v i n g t r e e s , a n d P e r i c h a e n a , L i c e a , E c h i n o s t e l i u m , a n d C l a s t o d e r m a s p p . - H a r o l d Keller

* Any c o l l e c t i o n s o f C a l o n e c t r i a s p p . , p a r t i c u l a r l y i f accorn- p a n i e d h v a n a i r - d r i e d p o r t i o n f rom w h i c h t h e i m p e r f e c t s t a t e c:oul.d b e i s o l a t e d ; any s p e c i m e n s o f " b y p o c r e a l e s n " PI e c ~ s p o r a l es s tic11 a s F o d o n e c t r i a , Tubeuf ia . , V e l i o l i p h i l a , a ~ : d --~ P u t t e m x n s i 3 - Amy Rossrnan, P l a n t P a t h o l o g y ~ e r b a r i u n ~ : c o r r i e i l L 'n iv . , I t h a c a , YY 14953. Amy a l s o h a s c u l t u r e s :-)I' a s s o r t e d s p e c i e s o f F u s a r i u m , C-vlindrocladi ~ 1 1 i a n d --. Cyl j R -

d r o c a r p o n ( s i n g l e a s c o s 7 ) o r e i s o l a t e s o P hypocr? ;< l ear, s p p . coile . ; tc:d i n chi. Ax~res and !Jllndeira) w h i c h ~ ; > e i ~ s w i l l i n g t o s h a r e .

FUBLIClTIONS WANTEC --.-

'r r~omri:,!.hen~s P : ~ p p a g i a n i s W F ~ U ~ d l i k e t o pl.lrc:h;tse n I-:<jpy of IT1 1

I :;ct :'casts, i o d d e r , 1970, X o r t h - H o l l a n d Pub . Co. --

"L!:itpri-al:; o n t h e t :~x.~nomy o r u t h e r a s p e c t s f i f the g e n u s A g a r i c u s a r e sough^ by R i c k K e r r i g a n .

* H o n a l d W . Meyer rlceds N e a r i n g , The L i c h e n Book. Any c o n d i t i o n -- - -- i s OK.

* Will iam R . Burk r e q u e s t s a copy of G . Lindau and P . Sydow, - - Thesaurus l i t t e r a t u r a e mycologicae e t l i c h e n o l o g i c a e , 5 v o l s . p l u s t h e 4 v o l . supplement .

* - K . Andrew West needs a copy of A . H . Smi th , 1949, Mushrooms i n t h e i r n a t u r a l h a b i t a t s , t e x t p o r t i o n .

* David T. J e n k i n s would l i k e p u b l i c a t i o n s on c u l t u r i n g of ~ a s i d i o m ~ c e t e s .

* J o e Amrnirati wishes t o buy t h e Methuen Handbook of C o l o r .

* Harold K e l l e r would g i v e a good home t o r e p r i n t s on Myxomy- c e t e s from b e f o r e 1950, and needs v o l s . 34 t o 42 of Mycologia.

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE, EXCHANGE, OR GIVEAWAY

* C l a r k Rogerson announces t h a t t h e NY B o t a n i c a l Garden can supp ly f r e e c o p i e s of t h e following p u b l i c a t i o n s and r e p r i n t s ( w r i t e C l a r k ) :

Scheda & G a z e t t e e r of Cryptogamae Formationum COloradens ium M u r r i l l ' s Autobiography Pore f u n g i , M u r r i l l T r o p i c a l p o l y p o r e s , M u r r i l l Discomycetes o f Venezuela , Seaver Hypocrea les o f Venezuela , Seaver Biography of M u r r i l l , G . Weber P r e s i d e n t i a l a d d r e s s , K . Raper , & Annual L e c t u r e , Thom

(same r e p r i n t ) Photo r e p r i n t s o f : B . O . Dodge, J . Couch, Dearness ,

F i t z p a t r i c k , L i n d e r , G . W . M a r t i n , J u l i a n M i l l e r , O v e ~ h o l t s , Whetzel , Z e l l e r .

Colored r e p r i n t s o f : - - A l e u r i a - a u r a n t i a , Morchel la e s c u l e n t a , P l e c t a n i a c o c c i n e a , Sa rcosphaera c o r o n a r i a .

Misce l l aneous r e p r i n t s by B . O . Dodge, Fred S e a v e r , W . A . M u r r i l l .

* Mycologia Memoirs s t i l l a v a i l a b l e :

#1 , E d i t h Cash, I l~yco log ica l English-Lat i n G l o s s a r y , 152 p p , 1965 $5.00

# 2 , R . H . P e t e r s e n , Genus C l a v u l i n o p s i s i n N . A . , 39pp, 1968. 2 . 5 0

# 3 , L.R. H e s l e r , N . A . spp . of Gymnopilus, 117 p p . , 1969. 3 . 0 0

#4 , M . J . L a r s e n , Taxonomy of T o m e n t e l l a , l 4 5 p p , 1974. 5 . 0 0

#5, Gerdemann & Trappe, o u t of p r i n t .

Send o r d e r s t o C l a r k Rogerson, New York B o t a n i c a l Garden, Bronx, NY 10458.

MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

S c h e d u l e o f A c t i v i t i e s a t t h e AIBS M e e t i n g s

A t h e n s , G e o r g i a , A u g u s t , 1 9 7 8

THURSDAY-SATURDAY, AUGUST 17-19

Workshop on Lower F u n g i . F o r i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t a c t Me1 F u l l e r , D e p t . o f B o t a n y , U n i v . o f G e o r g i a , A t h e n s 3 0 6 0 2 .

FRIDAY, AUGUST 2 5

F o r a y t o t h e N o r t h G e o r g i a M o u n t a i n s . L e a v e s 8 A . M . f r o m S tegeman H a l l . F o r r e s e r v a t i o n s , c o n t a c t D a v i d P o r t e r , Dep t o f B o t a n y , U n i v . o f G e o r g i a , A t h e n s 30602.

SATURDAY AND SUNDAY, A U G . 1 9 & 2 0

M e e t i n g o f t h e C o u n c i l o f t h e S o c i e t y , 8 A . M . t o 5 P.M. b o t h d a y s . Boyd G r a d u a t e R e s e a r c h C e n t e r , Room 1 0 9 .

PAPER SESSIONS

MONDAY MORNING, AUGUST 2 1

SESSION 1. C o n t r i b u t e d P a p e r s . F u n g a l Taxonomy a n d Morpho logy . J o h n C . Cooke , D e p a r t m e n t o f B i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f C o n n e c t i c u t a t Avery P o i n t , G r o t o n , CT 06340 ( T e l . 2 0 3 1 4 4 6 - 1 0 2 0 ) , p r e s i d i n g .

8 : l O I n t r o d u c t i o n . J . C . COOKE.

8 : 1 5 CAVENDER, J . C . * , K.B. RAPER, a n d A . NORBERG. O h i o U n i v e r s i t y , A t h e n s , a n d U n i v e r s i t y o f Wiscon- s i n , Madison . D i c t y o s t e l i u m a u r e o s t i p e s a n d D i c t y o s t e l i u m t e n u i s : two i n t e r e s t i n g a d d i t i o n s t o t h e D i c t y o s t e l i a l e s .

8 : 3 0 HELD, A . A . Lehman C o l l e g e , B r o n x , h i . R o z e l - l a a l l o m y c i s : s i n g l e z o o s p o r e g i v e s r i s e t o numer- o u s z o o s p o r a n g i a a n d r e s i s t a n t s p o r a n g i a .

8 : 5 0 SAMUELSON, D . A . U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e . The a p i c a l a p p a r a t u s o f eugymnohy- m e n i a l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e P e z i z a l e s .

9 : 0 5 CARPENTER, S . E . N e w York B o t a n i c a l G a r d e n ,

SESSION

B r o n x . Taxonomy a n d s y s t e m a t i c s o f t h e g e n u s C y a t h i c u l a ( H e l o t i a l e s , L e o t i a c e a e ) .

UECKER, F . A . M y c o l o g y L a b , P l a n t P r o t e c t i o n I n s t i t u t e , USDA, B e l t s v i l l e , MD. D e v e l o p m e n t a n d c y t o l o g y o f A n i x i e l l a e n d o d o n t a .

ROSSMAN, A . Y . C o r n e l l U n i v e r s i t y , I t h a c a , N Y . M o r p h o l o g i c a l c o n v e r g e n c e o f t a x o n o m i c a l l y d i v e r s e s p e c i e s i n o n e n i c h e : some a s c o m y c e t e s p a r a s i t i c o n M e l i o l a .

RECESS

GRAY, D . J . * , a n d G. MORGAN-JONES. A u b u r n U n i v e r s i t y , A u b u r n , AL. Some m y c o p a r a s i t i c f u n g i .

POHLAD, B . R . U n i v e r s i t y o f G e o r g i a , A t h e n s . A p a r a s i t e o f a s c o c a r p s o f c h a e t o t h y r i a c e o u s f u n g i f r o m c e n t r a l F l o r i d a .

MONOSON, H . L . * , a n d G . M . ROGERS. B r a d l e y U n i v e r s i t y , P e o r i a , I L . S p e c i e s o f U r o m y c e s t h a t i n f e c t N e w W o r l d C u c u r b i t a c e a e .

RARONI, T . J . U n i v e r s i t y o f M a s s a c h u s e t t s , A m h e r s t . T h e g e n u s R h o d o c y b e ( A g a r i c a l e s ) .

HALLING, R . E . U n i v e r s i t y o f M a s s a c h u s e t t s , A m h e r s t . C o l l y b i a ( A g a r i c a l e s , T r i c h o l o m a t a c e a e ) s e c t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r s o f S e c t i o n S t r i i p e d e s .

FARR, D . F . * , a n d E . R . FARR. M y c o l o g y L a b , P l a n t P r o t e c t i o n I n s t i t u t e , USDA, B e l t s v i l l e , N d . , a n d B o t a n y D e p a r t m e n t , S m i t h s o n i a n I n s t i t u t i o n , W a s h i n g t o n , DC. O b s e r v a t i o n s o n t h e g e n u s S t r o - p h a r i a i n c u l t u r e .

STEWART, E . L . * , a n d J . M . TRAPPE. U n i v e r s i t y o f M i n n e s o t a , S t . P a u l , a n d F o r e s t r y S c i e n c e s L a b o r a t o r y , USDA, C o r v a l l i s , OR. A u s t r o g a u t i e r i a g e n . n o v . ( H y p o g e o u s B a s i d i o m y c e t e s ) .

2 . P o s t e r s . A u t h o r s a r e r e q u e s t e d t o b e p r e s e n t a t t h e i r p o s t e r s f r o m 9 - 1 0 a n d 4-5 pm.

BOISE, J . R . * , H.A. BURGE, a n d W.R. SOLOMON. U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n , Ann Arbor. T h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f home h u m i d i f i e r s t o a i r b o r n e l e v e l s o f f u n g i a n d a c t i n o m y c e t e s .

KRAMER, C . L . * , F . L . LYON, M.G. EVERSMEYER, a n d T . I . COLLINS. K a n s a s S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , M a n h a t t a n , a n d G .R . M a n u f a c t u r i n g C o . , M a n h a t t a n , KS. V o l u - met r ic a i r s p o r a s a m p l i n g d e v i c e s .

HOTINEN, U.K.*, A.E. LIMKINS, a n d O . K . MILLER. V i r g i n i a P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e a n d S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , B l a c k s b u r g . P o l y a c r y l a m i d e g e l e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s o f s e l e c t e d i s o l a t e s o f P h o l i o t a , i n s t i r p s A d i p o s a .

ROBERTSON, L . D , , and R . D . KOEHN. S o u t h w e s t T e x a s S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , San Marcos . C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e c e l l u l a s e p r o d u c e d by t h e a s c o m y c e t e , P o r o n i a p u n c t a t a .

DAHLBERG, K . R . * , and D . A . COTTER. U n i v e r s i t y o f W i n d s o r , O n t a r i o . E x t r a c t i o n o f a u t o a c t i v a t o r s u b s t a n c e s f r o m dormant D i c t y o s t e l i u m d i s c o i d e u m s p o r e s .

HALL, M.T.* , and C . E . BLAND. E a s t C a r o l i n a U n i v e r s i t y , G r e e n v i l l e , NC. E f f e c t o f m a l a c h i t e g r e e n on z o o s p o r e f i n e s t r u c t u r e i n L a g e n i d i u m c a l l i n e c t e s Couch.

ANDERSON, J . B . * , a n d R.C. ULLRICH. U n i v e r s i t y o f Vermont , B u r l i n g t o n . B i o l o g i c a l s p e c i e s i n A r m i l l a r i a mellea.

PAPA, K.E. U n i v e r s i t y o f G e o r g i a , A t h e n s . G e n e t i c a n a l y s i s o f a f l a t o x i n m u t a n t s o f A s p e r g i l l u s f 1 a v u s .

MONDAY AFTERNOON, AUGUST 2 1

SESSION 3 . C o n t r i b u t e d P a p e r s . F u n g a l U l t r a s t r u c t u r e , P h y s i o l o g y , a n d G e n e t i c s . M e r e d i t h B l a c k w e l l , D e p a r t m e n t o f B i o l o g y , Hope C o l l e g e , H o l l a n d , M I . 49423 ( T e l . 616 /392-5111 , e x t . 3207 o r 3 2 1 2 ) , p r e s i d i n g .

1 : l O I n t r o d u c t i o n . M . B l a c k w e l l .

1 : 1 5 GAURILOFF, L . P . , and R . J . DELAY*. U n i v e r s i t y o f G e o r g i a , A t h e n s . The f i n e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e zoo- s p o r e s a n d t h e d i s c h a r g e a p p a r a t u s o f H a r p o c h y t r i u m h e d i n i i .

1 : 30 SPIEGEL. F.W. U n i v e r s i t y o f N o r t h C a r o l i n a , C h a p e l H i l l . The c o m p a r a t i v e u l t r a s t r u c t u r e o f m i t o s i s i n two c l o s e l y r e l a t e d p r o t o s t e l i d s .

1 : 4 5 ELLIS, E.A. U n i v e r s i t v o f F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e . ~ e m ~ e r a t u r e - r e l a t e d s t r u c t u E a l c h a n g e s i n t h e p l a s - m a l e m m a o f t h e t h e r m o p h i l e Mucor p u s i l l u s .

2 : 00 TRAVLAND, L..B. U n i v e r s i t y o f W a s h i n g t o n , S e a t t l e . Wall f o r m a t i o n i n r e s i s t a n t s p o r a n g i a o f Coelomomyces p s o r o p h o r a e .

ANTIBUS, R . K . * , A.E. LINKINS, a n d 0.K.MILLER. V i r g i n i a P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e and S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , B l a c k s b u r g . The E f f e c t s o f t e m p e r a t u r e a n d c y a n i d e o n r e s p i r a t i o n o f s e l e c t e d a r c t i c a n d t e m p e r a t e m y c o r r h i z a l f u n g i .

ALLEN, M . F . * , T . S . MOORE, J R . , a n d M.CHRISTENSEN U n i v e r s i t y o f Wyoming, L a r a m i e . E f f e c t s o f v e s i c u l a r - a r b u s c u l a r m y c o r r h i z a e o n t h e p h y s i o l o g y o f B o u t e l o u a g r a c i l i s .

RECESS

MIELE, W . H .* , a n d A.E. LINKINS. V i r g i n i a P o l y - t e c h n i c I n s t . a n d S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , B l a c k s b u r g . E x t r a - c e l l u l a r s o l u b l e a n d bound c e l l u l a s e s i n v o l v e d i n g r o w t h a n d c e l l u l o s e d e g r a d a t i o n b y A c h l y a b i s e x u a l i s .

STEIN, L . A . * , a n d A.E. LINKINS. V i r g i n i a P o l y - t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e and S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , B l a c k s b u r g . C h a n g e s i n c e l l u l a s e enzyme p a t t e r n s d u r i n g i n d u c e d i n t e r n a l b r a n c h i n g i n A c h l y a b i s e x u a l i s .

JOHNSON, B . E . C . * , a n d J . F . PRESTON. U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e . A u n i q u e x - a m a n i t i n r e s i s t a n t RNA p o l y m e r a s e I 1 f r o m A m a n i t a h y g r o s c o p i c a .

MULLEAVY, P . * , a n d O . R . COLLINS. U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a . B e r k e l e v . S g o n t a n e o u s a n d i n d u c e d p l o i d y c h a n g e & i n t h e h y x o m y c e t e Didymium i r i d i s .

COLLINS, O . R . * , C . D . THERRIEN, a n d D . A . BETTERLEY. U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , B e r k e l e y , a n d P e n n s y l v a n i a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , U n i v e r s i t y P a r k . G e n e t i c a l a n d c y t o l o g i c a l e v i d e n c e f o r chromosomal e l i m i n a t i o n i n a t r u e s l i m e m o l d , Didymium i r i d i s .

LING. H.* , a n d D . MOORE. E . I . du P o n t d e Yemours & C o . , Newark, DE., a n d U n i v e r s i t y o f P i t t s b u r g h , P i t t s b u r g h , PA. M u l t i n u c l e a t e m i c r o c y s t s i n a myxomycete.

CLARK, J . D . U n i v e r s i t y o f K e n t u c k y , L e x i n g t o n . S e n e s c e n c e i n t h e s l i m e mold Didymium i r i d i s .

TUESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 22

SESSION 4 . C o n t r i b u t e d P a p e r s . F u n g a l E c o l o g y a n d C y t o l o g y , C a r o l A . S h e a r e r , D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y , U n i v e r s i t y o f I l l i n o i s , U r b a n a , I L . 6 1 8 0 1 ( T e l 2 1 7 1 3 3 3 - 2 7 9 6 ) , p r e s i d i n g .

I n t r o d u c t i o n . C.A. SHEARER.

REEVES, F . B . * , a n d T.B. MOORMAN. C o l o r a d o S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , F o r t C o l l i n s . E c o l o g y o f VA m y c o r r h i z a l f u n g i i n a s e m i - a r i d s a g e communi ty .

ALLEN, E . B . * , a n d M.F. ALLEN. U n i v e r s i t y o f Wyoming, L a r a m i e . S o i l i n o c u l u m a n d m y c o r r h i z a l i n f e c t i o n o f a n n u a l weeds and n a t i v e a n d p l a n t e d p e r e n n i a l s i n r e c l a i m e d a n d u n d i s t u r b e d p r a i r i e .

VINOPAL, J . * , O . K . MILLER, a n d E.V. KOMAREK. V i r g i n i a P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e , B l a c k s b u r g , a n d T a l l T i m b e r s R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n , T a l l a h a s s e e , FL. E f f e c t s o f pH a n d c h a r c o a l on t h e l i n e a r g r o w t h o f h i g h e r f u n g i a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p r e s c r i b e d b u r n s .

TAPLEY, S . C . * , a n d M . CHRISTENSEN. U n i v e r s i t y o f Wyoming. L a r a m i e . A c c u m u l a t i o n o f t r ace e l e m e n t s by s o i l m i c r o f u n g i .

SHEARER, C . A . U n i v e r s i t y o f I l l i n o i s , U r b a n a . L e a f p r o c e s s i n g a n d f u n g a l s u c c e s s i o n i n a m i d w e s t e r n r i v e r .

HEWINGS, A.D.* , a n d C.A. SHEARER. U n i v e r s i t y o f I l l i n o i s , U r b a n a . An a u t e c o l o g i c a l s t u d y o f F i l o s p o r e l l a a n n e l i d i c a ( a q u a t i c h y p h o m y c e t e ) .

RECESS

WARNER, G.M.*, and D.W. FRENCH. U n i v e r s i t y o f M i n n e s o t a , S t . P a u l . F u n g i on f o r e s t b i r d s i n M i n n e s o t a and Mexico.

GOOS, R . D . U n i v e r s i t y o f Rhode I s l a n d , K i n g s - t o n . F i e l d a n d l a b o r a t o r y s t u d i e s o f m e l i o l a c e o u s f u n g i .

GESSNER. R . V . I n s t i t u t e o f M a r i n e S c i e n c e s , U n i v e r s i t y o f N o r t h C a r o l i n a , Morehead C i t y . S p a r t i n a a l t e r n i f l o r a s e e d f u n g i .

KOEHN, R . D . S o u t h w e s t T e x a s S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , San M a r c o s . The a r e n i c o l o u s m y c o f l o r a f r o m b e a c h e s a l o n g P a d r e a n d Mus tang I s l a n d s , T e x a s .

MALIK, K.A. , a n d L.R. BATRA*. N u c l e a r I n s t i - t u t e f o r A g r i c u l t u r e and B i o l o g y , F a i s e l a b a d , P a k i s t a n , a n d P l a n t P r o t e c t i o n I n s t i t u t e , USDA, B e l t s v i l l e , MD. C e l l u l o l y t i c f u n g i f r o m s a l i n e a n d s o d i c s o i l s o f P a k i s t a n .

GAURILOFF, L . P . U n i v e r s i t y o f G e o r g i a , A t h e n s . I s o l a t i o n o f b a s a l b o d i e s a n d c e n t r i o l e s f r o m A l l o m y c e s .

11 : 35 TAYLOR, J . W . U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , D a v i s . T h e m i t o c h o n d r i o n o f B u l l e r a a lba .

SESSION 5. P o s t e r s . A u t h o r s are r e q u e s t e d t o be p r e s e n t a t t h e i r p o s t e r s f r o m 9-10 am. a n d 4-5 pm.

9 : 00- HUNTER, B . B . * , a n d D. KENDRA. C a l i f o r n i a 5 : O O S t a t e C o l l e g e , C a l i f o r n i a , PA. T h e v a r i a b i l i t y

o f v e s i c l e s o f t h e c o n i d i o p h o r e s o f s e v e r a l s p e c i e s o f C y l i n d r o c l a d i u m .

SHERWOOD, M . A . H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y , C a m b r i d g e , M A . G e n e r i c l i m i t s a n d e v o l u t i o n a r y t r e n d s i n t h e R h y t i s m a t a c e a e .

WEBER, N . S . * , A.H. SMITH, a n d K . A . HARRISON. U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n , Ann Arbor. S p o r e d e v e l o p - m e n t a n d s p e c i a t i o n i n A b s t o m a G.H. C u n n . ( L y c o p e r d a c e a e ) .

PUSPOSENDJOJO, N . * , E . L . STEWART, a n d R . J . ZEYEN. U n i v e r s i t y o f M i n n e s o t a , S t . P a u l . C o n i d i o g e n e s i s i n B o t r y o d i p l o d i a t h e o b r o m a e P a t .

MC WHORTER, G . A . * , a n d J . W . KIMBROUGH. U n i v e r - s i t y of F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e . O n t o g e n y o f a s e x u a l s p o r e s i n t h e C h o a n e p h o r a c e a e .

JONES, J . P . * , W.L. STEFFENS, a n d A.H. b i n HUSIN. L o u i s i a n a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , B a t o n R o u g e . U l t r a - s t r u c t u r a l a s p e c t s o f N o m u r e a r i l e y i i o n s o y b e a n l o o p e r .

LAUBE, E . V . D e p a r t m e n t o f B i o l o g y , NCCU, D u r h a m , NC. M u c k l a n d s o i l m y c o e c o l o g y : C l i m a x t o o n e y e a r p o s t - c l e a r i n g .

ANASTASIOU, C . J . , a n d L.M. CHURCHLAND. U n i v e r - s i t y o f B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a , V a n c o u v e r , C a n a d a , a n d Water Q u a l i t y B r a n c h , V a n c o u v e r , C a n a d a . O o m y c e t e s f r o m M a r i n e L o c a t i o n s .

WARNER, G.M.* , a n d E . L . STEWART. U n i v e r s i t y o f ~ i n n e s o t a , S t . P a u l . P e n i c i l l i u m s p e c i e s f r o m f i b e r b o a r d a n d s o u t h e r n p i n e .

TUESDAY AFTERNOON, AUGUST 2 2

1 : O O A n n u a l l e c t u r e : F i b r i l l o g e n e s i s - a f u n d a m e n t a l f u n c t i o n o f f u n g i . S a l o m o n B a r t n i c k i - G a r c i a , U n i v e r - s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , R i v e r s i d e .

SESSION 6 . S y m p o s i u m : A p p r o a c h e s t o t h e T e a c h i n g o f M y c o l o g y . C.W. MIMS, D e p a r t m e n t o f B i o l o g y , S t e p h e n F . A u s t i n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , N a c o g d o c h e s , TX. 7 5 9 6 2 ( T e l . 7 1 3 / 5 6 9 - 3 6 0 1 ) , p r e s i d i n g .

I n t r o d u c t i o n . C.W. MIMS.

SESSION

LICHTWARDT, R.W. U n i v e r s i t y o f K a n s a s , Law- r e n c e . T h e i n t r o d u c t o r y m y c o l o g y c o u r s e : A r e w e l o s i n g g r o u n d ?

LOVETT, J . S . P u r d u e U n i v e r s i t y , West L a f a y e t t e , I N . U s e o f a u d i o t u t o r i a l m e t h o d s i n i n t r o d u c t o r y m y c o l o g y .

RECESS

BUTLER, E . E . * , a n d K . WELLS. U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , D a v i s . h l y c o l o g y f o r p l a n t p a t h o l o g i s t s A t e a c h i n g p r o g r a m .

GOOS, R .D. U n i v e r s i t y o f R h o d e I s l a n d , K i n g s - t o n . L a b o r a t o r y e x e r c i s e s f o r g e n e r a l m y c o l o g y .

DISCUSSION

TUESDAY EVENI,NG, AUGUST 2 2

MSA SOCIAL. T a y l o r - G r a d y H o u s e .

WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 2 3

BREAKFAST AND BUSINESS MEETING.

P r e s i d e n t i a l A d d r e s s : T h e X y l a r i a c e a e : S y s t e m a t i c , B i o l o g i c a l , a n d E v o l u t i o n a r y A s p e c t s . J a c k D. R o g e r s , V a s h i n g t o n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , P u l l m a n .

7 . P o s t e r s . A u t h o r s a r e r e q u e s t e d t o be p r e s e n t a t t h e i r p o s t e r s f r o m 1 1 - 1 2 a n d 4 - 5 pm.

'YHARP, T . P . * , S . V . OVERTON, a n d C .E . BLAND. E a s t C a r o l i n a U n i v e r s i t y , G r e e n v i l l e , NC. F i n e s t r u c t u r e o f s w i m m i n g , e n c y s t i n g , a n d g e r m i n a t i n g z o o s p o r e s o f t h e m a r i n e f u n g u s , H a l i p h t h o r o s m i l f o r d e n s i s .

SCHEETZ,, R.W., a n d R.K. NELSON*. U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n M i s s i s s i p p i , H a t t i e s b u r g . S c a n n i n g e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p y o f C e r a t i o m y x a f r u t i c u l o s a .

ELLZEY, J . T . * , a n d E . HUEZAR. U n i v e r s i t y of T e x a s a t E l P a s o . A n u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l c o m p a r i s o n o f g e r m i n a t i o n i n A c h l y a r e c u r v a o o s p o r e s a n d gemmae.

FEENEY, D . * , a n d R . E . TRIEMER. R u t g e r s U n i v e r - s i t y , N J . U l t r a s t r u c t u r a l a n d c y t o c h e m i c a l obser- v a t i o n s o f A l l o m y c e s j a v a n i c u s .

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, AUGUST 2 3

SESSION 8. Symposium: Aeromyco logy . HARRIET A . BURGE, U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n , Ann A r b o r 4 8 1 0 9 ( T e l . 3131 7 6 4 - 0 2 2 7 ) , p r e s i d i n g .

I n t r o d u c t i o n . H . A . BURGE.

HAINES, J . H . N e w York S t a t e Museum a n d S c i e n c e S e r v i c e , A l b a n y E f f e c t o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l f a c t o r s on f u n g a l a i r s p o r a .

SOLOMON, W . R . U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n , Ann A r b o r . A i r b o r n e f u n g i i n human a l l e r g i c d i s e a s e s .

KRAMER, C . L . , F . L . LYON, a n d M . G . EVERSMEYER. K a n s a s S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , M a n h a t t a n . The homogenei ty o f s p o r e a n d p o l l e n c o n t e n t i n t h e a t m o s p h e r e .

ROELFS, A.P. U n i v e r s i t y o f M i n n e s o t a , S t . P a u l . A p p l i c a t i o n s o f a e r o m y c o l o g i c a l m e t h o d s a n d d a t a t o p l a n t p a t h o l o g y .

RECESS

TANSEY, M.R., C.B. FLIERMANS, a n d C.R. KERN. I n d i a n a U n i v e r s i t y , B l o o m i n p t o n , a n d E . I . d u P o n t , S a v a n n a h R i v e r L a b . , A i k e n , SC. P r a c t i c a l a s p e c t s o f t h e a e r o m y c o l o g y o f t h e r m o p h i l i c a n d t h e r m o t o l e r - a n t f u n g i .

3 : 5 0 RUDOLPH, E . D . , a n d A . JOHNSON. O h i o S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Co lumbus , a n d Duke U n i v e r s i t y , Durham, NC. T r e e b a r a s a t r a p p i n g s u r f a c e f o r a i r - b o r n e m i c r o f u n g i .

4 : 2 0 BURGE, H . A . , a n d G . W . WILLIAMS. U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n , Ann A r b o r . Guan t i t a t i v e a e r o m y c o l o g y .

WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2 3

7:OO Workshop: Aeromycology - I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f f u n g u s s p o r e s i n a i r s a m p l e s .

THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 24

SESSION 9 . C o n t r i b u t e d P a p e r s . F u n g a l U l t r a s t r u c t u r e a n d P h y s i o l o g y . J o h n P . J o n e s , D e p a r t m e n t o f P l a n t P a t h o l o g y , L o u i s i a n a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , B a t o n Rouge. 7 0 8 0 3 . ( T e l 5 0 4 1 7 6 9 - 0 2 8 2 ) , p r e s i d i n g .

I n t r o d u c t i o n . 5 .2. JONES.

MIMS, C.W. S t e p h e n F . A u s t i n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , N a c o g d o c h e s , TX. U l t r a s t r u c t u r e o f b a s i d i o s p o r e s a n d b a s i d i o s p o r e f o r m a t i o n i n P i s o l i t h u s t i n c t o r i u s . '

HOMOLA, R.L. U n i v e r s i t y o f M a i n e , O r o n o . R e e v a l u a t i o n o f b a s i d i o s p o r e o r n a m e n t a t i o n t e r - m i n o l o g y b a s e d on s c a n n i n g e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p e s t u d y .

FLEGLER, S . L . * , a n d G . R . HOOPER. M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , E a s t L a n s i n g . U l t r a s t r u c t u r e o f C y a t h u s s t e r c o r e u s .

MAYFIELD, J . E . * , a n d H . TAYLOR. A t l a n t a U n i v e r s i t y , A t l a n t a , G A . M i c r o s c l e r o t i a l d e v e l o p - ment i n V e r t i c i l l i u m d a h l i a e .

HUNTER, B . B . * , a n d T . P . BUCKELEW. C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e C o l l e g e , C a l i f o r n i a , PA. L i g h t a n d e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p y o f t h e c o n i d i a a n d a s c o s p o r e s o f C y l i n - d r o e l a d i u m f l o r i d a n u m .

RECESS

GLOVER, S .U. A t h e n s Area V o c a t i o n a l - T e c h n i c a l S c h o o l , A t h e n s , G A . C o n i d i o g e n e s i s i n S p h a e r o s t i l b e o c h r a c e a Sydow.

BARSTOW, W.E. U n i v e r s i t y o f G e o r g i a , A t h e n s . The u l t r a s t r u c t u r e o f z o o s p o r a n g i u m d e v e l o p m e n t i n d u c e d i n h y p h a l b a l l s o f A l l o m y c e s m a c r o g y n o u s .

BARSTOW, W.E. U n i v e r s i t y o f G e o r g i a , A t h e n s . The u l t r a s t r u c t u r e o f gamma body f o r m a t i o n w i t h i n t h e B l a s t o c l a d i a l e s .

CHARVAT, I . * , a n d S . HSIEH. U n i v e r s i t y o f M i n n e s o t a , S t . P a u l . C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e p l a s m a membrane o f h o m o k a r y o t i c h y p h a e o f S c h i z o p h y l l u m v a r y d e p e n d i n g on t r e a t m e n t u s e d p r i o r t o f r e e z e - f r a c t u r e .

EMERSON, R . * , a n d S . C . WINANS. U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , B e r k e l e y . D o c u m e n t a t i o n o f f a c u l t a t i v e a n a e r o b i o s i s a n d o b l i g a t e l y f e r m e n t a t i v e e n e r g y m e t a b o l i s m i n a l i p i d - r e q u i r i n g s p e c i e s o f P y t h i o g e t o n ( P e r o n o s p o r a l e s ) f r o m C o s t a Rica.

THURSDAY AFTERNOON, AUGUST 24

SESSION 1 0 . C o n t r i b u t e d P a p e r s . F u n g a l P h y s i o l o g y a n d M e d i c a l Mycology. JAMES L . HARRIS, D i v i s i o n o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s , U n i v e r s i t y o f P i t t s b u r g h a t J o h n s - t o w n , PA. 1 5 9 0 4 ( T e l . 8 1 4 1 2 6 6 - 9 6 6 1 ) , p r e s i d i n g .

I n t r o d u c t i o n . J . L . HARRIS.

BIKDER, FL.L l g a r s h a l l U n i v e r s i t y , H u n t i n g t o n , WV. T r a n s p o r t a f C - L - P h e n y l - a l a n i n e b y t h e myco- p a r a s i t e T ieghemiomyces p a r a s i t i c u s grown i n a x e n i c c u l t u r e .

JAWORSKI, A . J . * , and K . THOMSON. U n i v e r s i t y of Georg ia , Athens. S y n t h e s i s and t u r n o v e r o f poly(A)RNA d u r i n g s p o r u l a t i o n i n B l a s t o c l a d i e l l a , e rne r son i i .

KURUP, V.P. Medical C o l l e g e of Wisconsin , VA C e n t e r , Milwaukee. Immunological c r o s s - r e a c t i v i t y among s p e c i e s of p a t h o g e n i c A s p e r g i l l u s .

KLINE, R.A.*, R . A . CROCHET, and J . L . HARRIS. U n i v e r s i t y of P i t t s b u r g h a t Johnstown, Johnstown, PA. Response of m e d i c a l l y impor tan t f u n g i t o s y n t h e t i c a l l i c i n and a brominated d e r i v a t i v e .

SHIPLEY, G.L. U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , S a n t a Barbara . The e f f e c t of growth p a r a m e t e r s on r e c o g n i t i o n competence i n Didymium i r i d i s .

ALDRICH, H . C . * , and G.L. SHIPLEY. U n i v e r s i t y of F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e . Changes i n c e l l s u r f a c e i n Didymium i r i d i s d u r i n g myxamoebal growth.

A B S T R A C T S 1 EDITH BACH ALLEN" and MICHAEL F. ALLEN. Dept. of

Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 Soil inoculum and mycorrhizal infection of annual weeds and native and planted perennials in reclaimed and undisturbed ~rairie.

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection percentage and spore counts were determined in native prairie, disced native prairie, and three first year reclaimed strip mine sites in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. Root infection of Agropyron smithii ranged from 95) in the undisturbed prairie to 0% in one of the reclamation sites. Spore counts were 217 and 10 per 25 g soil in the prairie and one reclaimed site, respectively. However, the reclaimed site with the highest spore count of the three had intermediate root infection while no infection was found in the site with intermediate spore counts. These results suggest that degree of infection is not necessarily related to spore density and may depend on such factors as nutrient and water availability, vegetative cover, and plant competition. Three species of early successional weeds (Chen~~odiaceae) examined were nonmycorrhizal at all 5 sites. Endogonaceous hyphae were found in the rhizosphere of these weeds but no penetration of the root was noted. I t is hypothesized that the degree of mycorrhizal infection mav influence the rate of succession.

2 MICHAEL F. ALLEN', THOMAS S. MOORE, JR., and MARTHA CHRISTENSEN. Dept. of Botany, Univeriity of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071. Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on the physiology of Bouteloua gracilis.

Nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal seedlings of Bouteloua gracilis inoculated with spores of Giomus fascicula- tus were grown in defined axenic agal- media and soil - and compared for changes in plant biomass, morphoi- ogy, cytokinin concentrations, and water relatior!,. Infection perce1,taqes were high (75'') in the agar medium contai~-in<j organic ~,hosphoru~ (Po) and low (201,) in media containinq inorganic phosphoru5 (Pi! or Po+P; . Grcen!iou,.t. ,jrcn~r- pl'lnts had 50,' infect ior~. No si qni f icant di f ft.1-rnces were r~oted between rnyzor- rhizal a1:r nn7mycorrhizal plantc. qrown in tClc pi and Pi+Po media. In the Po rlleciium, niycorrhi7al pl~rtts i,dd qre,iLer total bior;ayy than did i.nnmvcerrhiza1 ;plants. R n o ~ bionass incre~1,cd by 150/ and rooi branchinq iiirrt%;lsed -;nniiicai.: ..ri th ;nfccticn. '4t;corrhi ia1 , - , ~ r ! l , ~ iiso 'iL1,i <il.nIf ic.ant!y c;r!'a:~,r cytoh.i ,tin rr~i~cpr~t rat iuni I rl b o t h r-(-ot\ .1:11 iesves tt;a,i Ll i ,j 1 t12 vc,n-,ycL1-rt'i zal Ltj':t rt;i <, . A I i ~f r b ~ ~ , > c

.?i ttratitrrs a!-e .cr,own to affcct p i , i , ~ t .it<.- ri.1.i - a ' L~ !,II~, . !~~~!c~~rrllizal p1~1r I , , . cerr2,pq~.!inq1y. sr;, ,=u

i,lni ficant io~hier 1e;lf rcsi st,?ncc, J I ' . ~ x),icl~ tL.[';it r:

:t,,z!i r-~on~~~vcnrrtii 2'31 plant? :n ~irrt~riI~ci15f : > O : < .

R~i(:d:cil s~~pp~l-ted by the Irsdu,rr ; a i ilf tie Roch.t; Pountaip ln\t l cute of En,-rqi 2nd invi ri?nr.e:~l.

3 . \ : i ; \S1 \ST i i l ' , C . J., and L. X. CHCRCH1,A:;D. L'ni~~rsity o f 3ritisl1 Colur~lhia, Y,incouver, Canada, .;nd !;<ir-r l>usiitv lirsnclr , V:~ncouoer, Canada. Oonlvccrtes frdm Flarine Locat inrk.

Tllree P~t1iiaii:ous fungi ii~ve been isolated from plant nraterial subnerged at n~ririne and brakish water locations in tile PaciTic Northwest. Two species of Pytl~iogeton and one species of Yvthium are currently - - - -- - - - 1)eing investigated . The Pyti~ium species is charac- ---- terizt,d by an extreniclv large and persistent vesicle

and unusually large oogonia. It produces large, multilobed, almost symmetrical sporangia. The vesicles produced on release of the protoplasmic mass are rigid enough so that they can be picked off with a pair of tweezers as a ball of teeming zoospores and transferred to produce single zoospore cultures. The most common Pythiogeton has many characters of Pythiogeton utriforme. The other species produces a multilobed sporangium, each lobe acting as a single Pythiogeton sporangium.

4ANDERSON, JAMES B.* and ROBERT C. ULLRTCH. Botany Department, Universitv of Vermont. Burlin~ton. - . Vermont 05h01.--Biological species in Armillaria mellea. --

Our studies reveal that Armillaria mellea(Vah1 ex Fr) - Kummer consists of at least ten genetically isolated "biological species" in N. America. Each biological species possesses bifactorinl heterothallism, but compatibility is discerned on the basis of mycelial aspect rather than the classiral criteria (i.e., the formation of clamp connections and dikaryotic cells). Cytological and genetic evidence silggests that com- patible matings in 4. mellra lead to a persistent, -- stable diploid which has a gross colonial morpi~olocy distinct from unmated cultures and incompatible matings. Monosporous isolates were obtained from 9 h fruitins

bodies collected in N. America. In pairings of isolates from different rruiting bodies the presence of intersterility barriers was clearly indicated. All of the isolates could he assigned to only one of the ten intersterile groups (i. c . , biological species). No instances of compatibility were found between members of different groups drspite thc fact that a substantial number of pairings were made for each combination o f biological species. Nutrition'11ly 'forced' matings of nuxotrophic mutants revealed no heterokaryosis between two of the groups.

Some of the biological species are distributr~l wi:lely in N. Americ.1 and are found in ;issociation wit11 a hroad ranve of host species inclu~iin:: both ha rdwoclds and con i lers . 4. mellra i.: be!ic\re(! t:~ be ,i ~on1:ilex r.t rorpho- -.

1o):iccll species (Si.1c;t.r: ,?I-.cil: aylt-1 l .1 oqel L t ;l (Vnhl j - . . . ..- - - - - - - - -- -

[Karst.). This s t ~ ~ d v rei~f9ri.e~ t l l i . 5 ~or:tc?t L)ir di7,i -

in: the ta'ton intc grrrt~Lical1:: : ! i - ; r i~ :c t 1~io;o~ical spt ,,ies. \r'e ;Ire :ipyre<.int ivc, , f those whc '~zve ::?.I- tributer! bv col led t i:r- '\. ?.el Lc? sporeprints.

-

3 4 I J T I 3 U C ,;i .K.* ,h.i. :,IPXiI?::;.?nd (I.:'.. ".:ILLbl?. ne-t. of ?iolor;y, V.F.7.'; ;.':. ,:'l2c~tstur-,:r!. 240C1. 3,- e:'f?cts of te-",p,-rai.;jl-e ir:i i : i~n i~- l r : on ti-' resp- irntion of selected arctic s ~ ? ~ i t#?-serri';ti nyco- rri!iz.il 5 r s i .

The I~.r,act 0;' tc,:::~rr-ture and c..anir?e or, 7:-: r c ; r - . c iration cf isclates of Cen0~0ccum y ! r ~ ~ ~ . ' i ) : , 7 ? f r c , ~ : a

temperate ccocj-stell, rro: I Cun-ira at Co:,e "i:!.zor ,an :iarro..., .:.laska, anc! iiebc-iw,ir, ?u,ji,Lhim Cror; Iiarrol;, !,I >:;: :I

ha:-: her- invcs:ii:aied. The effect oC ?cr:pnri!;ure on the rate of c:xy::t.n ~1ptab.e k r these fungi ov:?r a :ar. .e frcn 1 to 3 n a C h a 5 been yeasure3 by ntan:?c~rd rzno- metr: c tecnniaue:;, :,,hi1 the li:,pact of K i i ! on c:iy;e:i uptake has l?ecn rleasurcd wit ; : ::n o:.:::oen ciecirode.

Arr!ienius 1inc.r transfornations of tenrerat-ure depe:ldert dat; for isolates c:rov,m at 20°C shos; characteristic breaks at various temperatures. These data suggest a loss in colci hardiness for arctic isolates,because mycorrhizal cozplexes studied in the field(at. Rarrow,kiaskaj riemonstrated no disticct breal- in an Arrhenius slope from 25 to C. 5 'c.

I s o l a t e s o f t h e s e f u n g i a l s o demonstrated vary- i n g deg rees o f i n h i b i t i o n o f oxygen uptake when exposed t o KCN and SHAM. These d a t a sugges t t h a t t h e s e i s o l a t e s p o s s e s s a cyanide i n s e n s i t i v e a l t e r - n a t e o x i d a t i v e pathway.

6 TIMOTHY J . BARONI Department o f Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of Massachuset ts Amhers t , Massachuset ts 01003 The genus Rhodocybe (Agar i ca l e s )

Rhodocybe has been a d i f f i c u l t genus t o c h a r a c t e r i z e a c c u r a t e l y . A s a r e s u l t of r e v i s i o n a r y work on Rhodocybe, Baroni and Bigelow r e c e n t l y d i scussed some problems concerning i t s g e n e r i c l i m i t s (Second I n t e r - n a t i o n a l Mycological Congress A b s t r a c t s , 1977, p . 38 ) . Rough-spored members of t h e Tr icholomataceae , e s p e c i a l l y C l i t ocybe , L e p i s t a and Lyophyllum, have o f t e n been confused wi th Rhodocybe, bu t bas id iospore c o l o r , morphology and s p o r e w a l l anatomy and cyto- chemis t ry c l e a r l y c i r cumsc r ibe Rhodocybe and a l l y i t wi th t h e Entolomataceae. The impor tant f e a t u r e s of Rhodocybe a r e compared wi th t hose f o r members of t h e Entolomataceae and Tr icholomataceae .

' WILLIAM E. RARSTOW. Botany Department, The Un ive r s i t y of Georgia , Athens, Georgia , 30602. - The U l t r a s t r u c t u r e of Zoosporangium Development Induced i n Hyphal B a l l s of Allomyces macrogynus.

Long i tud ina l s e c t i o n s of hyphal t i p s from synchronized c u l t u r e s of Allomyces macrownus were examined by e l e c t r o n microscopy t o determine t h e sequence and t iming of u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l changes du r ing sporangium format ion and zoospore d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n . Allomyces zygotes were innocu la t ed i n t o 50 m l of YpC b r o t h in 250 m l f l a s k s and grown f o r 22 h r a t 33' i n a shaking water ba th . The r e s u l t i n g hyphal b a l l s were then p laced i n Machl is ' d i l u t e s a l t s , a t t h e same tempera- t u r e , t o induce d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n . S e p t a t i o n was complete 90 min a f t e r i nduc t ion . P a p i l l a format ion was complete 120 min pos t i n d u c t i o n . The subsequent e v e n t s of zoospore d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n r equ i r ed on ly 30 min. Discharge was 95% complete 150 min a f t e r i nduc t ion . The u l t r a s t r u c t u r e of t h e developing sporangium was s i m i l a r t o t h a t of t h e gametangium (Arch. Microbiol . 113, 163-172, 1977) . The c e n t r i - p e t a l format ion of a cont inuous c r o s s - w a l l began 60 min a f t e r i nduc t ion . Between 75-120 min a f t e r induc- t i o n , s e c r e t o r y v e s i c l e s ca . 125 nm diam. were involved i n d e p o s i t i o n of t he amorphous e l e c t r o n - opaque p a p i l l a p lug. During t h i s t ime, t h e e l e c t r o n - opaque p r o g e n i t o r s of gamma bod ie s appeared w i t h i n c i s t e r n a of rough E.R., and a s s o c i a t i o n s between l i p i d s and microbodies were observed. The " l i p i d crown" s t a g e was no t a s pronounced a s i n c e l l s grown a t 24'. Zoospore d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n , beginning wi th f l a g e l l a format ion and then c l eavage , took p l a c e between 120-150 min a f t e r i nduc t ion . The subsequent e v e n t s of zoospore format ion involved ribosome aggrega t ion t o form t h e nuc lea r cap , nuc l ea r cap membrane format ion, f u s i o n of e lec t ron-opaque g ranu le s t o form t h e gamma bod ie s , and format ion of t h e l ipid-microbody complex.

* WiLLINI E. BARSTOW. Botany Department, The Un ive r s i t y of Georgia, Athens, Georgia , 30602. - The U l t r a s t r u c t u r e of Gamma (y) Body Formation Within t h e B l a s t o c l a d i a l e s .

The format ion of zoospore Gamma (y) bod ie s du r ing sporogenes is was s t u d i e d i n Allom ces macro nus , and Catenar ia a n g u i l l u l a e . Samples og each org::= were prepared f o r e l e c t r o n microscopy every 15-30 min beginning wi th t h e i nduc t ion of spo rogenes i s and ending w i t h zoospore r e l e a s e . The sequence of i n t r a - c e l l u l a r t r a n s i t i o n s l ead ing t o t he format ion of y bod ie s was determined by examining t h i n s e c t i o n s prepared from each sample t ime. In Allomyces t h e f i r s t i d e n t i f i a b l e p rogen i to r s of t h e y mat r ix a r e 50 nm elec t ron-opaque g ranu le s found w i t h i n c i s t e r n a e of rough ER. These p a r t i c l e s appeared du r ing t h e f i r s t 30 min a f t e r i n d u c t i o n . By t h e complet ion of p a p i l l a format ion these "sub-units" had inc reased i n number and, s i z e t o form s p h e r i c a l s t r u c t u r e s averaging 150 nm diam. A t t h e beginning of nuc l ea r cap format ion t h e e lec t ron-opaque g ranu le s were c a . 200 nm i n d i ame te r . These s t r u c t u r e s occurred s i n g u l a r l y and i n groups wliich f i l l e d t h e smooth su r f aced c i s t e r n a e c o n t a i n i n g them. Toward t h e end of nuc l ea r cap format ion the g rznu le s fused t o form t h e 500 nm diam. y body. The format ion of y bod ie s i n Ca tena r i a i s s i m i l a r t o y format ion i n B l a s t o c l a d i e l l a emersoni i (blycologia $7: 518-529, 1975) . The f i r s t p r o g e n i t o r s of t he ) bod ie s i n Ca tena r i a a r e 50 nm diam. e lec t ron-opaque g ranu le s w i th t r a n s p a r e n t c e n t e r s t h a t appear w i t h i n swol len c i s t e r n a e of t u b u l a r smooth ER. These g ranu le s form l a r g e r agg rega te s which f u s e du r ing n u c l e a r cap format ion t o form t h e f u l l y d i f f e r e n t i a t e d y ma t r ix . The Ca tena r i a y body i s ca . 200 nm diam. which i s s m a l l e r than t h e 500 nm y bod ie s of Allomyces and B l a s t o c l a d i e l l a . --

Salomon Bar tn i ck i -Garc i a , U . C a l i f o r n i a

F i b r i l l o g e n e s i s : a normal f u n c t i o n o f fungi .

l o FRANK L . BINDER. D e p t . o f B i o l . S c i . M a r s h a l l U n i v . H u n t i n g t o n , W V 2 5 7 0 1 . T r a n s p o r t o f [ 1 4 c ] L - P h e n y l a l a n i n e b y t h e M y c o p a r a s i t e T i e g h e m i o m y c e s p a r a s i t i c u s Grown i n A x e n i c C u l t u r e .

K i n e t i c s t u d i e s u s i n g u n s t a r v e d m y c e l i u m f r o m t h e h a u s t o r i a l m y c o p a r a s i t e T i e g h e m i o m y c e s p a r a s i t i c u s g r o w n i n a x e n i c c u l t u r e i n d i c a t e t h i s o r g a n i s m t r a n s l o c a t e s 1 4 ~ - ~ - p h e n y l a l a n i n e b y two d i s t i n c t - s y s t e m s . One s y s t e m h a s a n a p p a r e n t K t o f 1 0 0 x I O - ~ M w h i l e a s e c o n d s y s t e m h a s a n a p p a r e n t K t o f 1 8 x Upon n i t r o g e n s t a r v a t i o n f o r 1 h , o n l y t h e l o w K t t r a n s p o r t s y s t e m i s d e t e c t e d . C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h i s s y s t e m i n d i c a t e s L - p h e n y l a l a n i n e t r a n s p o r t o c c u r s a g a i n s t a c o n c e n t r a t i o n g r a d i e n t a n d e x h i b i t s b o t h pH a n d t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e w i t h o p t i m a a t pH 5 a n d 35C r e s p e c t i v e l y . I n h i b i t o r s t u d i e s i n d i c a t e t h a t a f r e e s u l f h y d r a l g r o u p , a f u n c t i o n a l r e s p i r a t o r y c h a i n , a n d e n e r g y a r e r e q u i r e d f o r t r a n s l o c a t i o n . E f f l u x o f p h e n y l a l a n i n e o c c u r s s l o w l y i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f e x c e s s u n l a b e l e d p h e n y l a l a n i n e o r 2 , 4 d i n i t r o p h e n o l b u t r a p i d l y i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f c a r b o n y l c y a n i d e m - c h l o r o p h e n y l h y d r a z o n e . P h e n y l a l a n i n e t r a n s p o r t b y t h e l o w K t s y s t e m was s t r o n g l y i n h i b i t e d b y a r o m a t i c a n d n e u t r a l a m i n o a c i d s w h i l e a c i d i c a n d b a s i c a m i n o a c i d s h a d l i t t l e e f f e c t .

11 J C ~ N R. BOISE*, HARRIET A. BURGE, and WILLIAM R. SOLOMON, Allergy Research Lab, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. The Contribution of Home Humidifiers to Airborne Levels of Fungi and Actinomycetes.

While illness associated with fungi and thermophilic actinomycetes in home humidification systems has been well documented, the nature and frequency of such contamination has not. This study further examines the microflora of humidifier reservoirs and tho contribution it makes to airborne levels of viable spores.

In twenty homes during winter 1977-78 plates of try- pticase soy agar (TSA) and yeast extract agar (YE) were exposed 5-30min and malt extract agar (MALT) exposed lOmin using two Andersen samplers positioned in the llvizg room of each home. Fluid from the humidifier reservoir was obtained by a sterile 50cc syringe, both before and after scraping loose any sidewall de- posits. Humidifier fluids were cultured on TSA and MALT, solids cultured on TSA. All TSA and YE plates were incubated at 50O C. and all MALT plates at 22OC. for 3-7 days. Mesophilic isolates from humidifier fluld included four taxa not recovered from air: Fusarium (6 samples) ,Phialophora(4), Scolecobasidium (2) , Verticillium (1) . Taxa recovered from both humidifier fluid (HF) and air (A) were yeasts (7HF; 14A), Penicillium(5HF;20A), Cladosporium(3HF;14A), Alternaria -- (lHF;18A). The only thermotolerant fungus isolated from fluid was Aspergillus(2HF;16A). Thermophilic actinomycetes were recovered from air in all twenty homes and from three solids samples, but not from fluld. Thermophilic actinomycete recoveries suggest that a search for point sources elsewhere in the system is warranted. The humidifier reservoirs, however, appear to support discrete microflora which do not contribute appreciably to airborne levels of spores.

12 HARRIET A. BURGE*, Internal Medicine, and GEORGE W. WILLIAMS, Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. Quantitative Aero- mycology

Quantitative study of the air-spora involves accurate sampling methods and subsequent data analysis suitable to the population. Air sampling technology has reached the point where

aeromycology car] become at least a semi-quantitative science. Two major volumetric'sampling methods are available (particulate and viable), each with inherent problems. The particulate samplers (e.g. Hirst spore trap, Kramer-Collins spore trap, and the varlous rot- ating impactors) are limited 1) by their collection efficiency and the variance of this efficiency with various particle types; and 2) by the difficulties en- countered in identifying captured particles. The viable particle samplers (e.g. Andersen, TDL Slit) are limited also by collection efficiency and by the major variables of spore viability and germination and growth requirements. Sound data description and summarization are an ess-

ential beginning step in all data analysis. In the case of data that is not normally distributed (as with most aeromycological data), the usual measures of central tendency and variability (mean, Standard deviation) may be misleading. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are strongly influenced by the underlying population distribution. Most standard parametric methods assume normally distributed data. If the data (or some transformation of the data) are normally distributed, then parametric methods are optimal and should be used (e.g. Pearson correlation coefficient, Student's t-test). However, if the assumption of an underlying normal distribution 1s not appropriate, nonparametric statistical msthods are available and should be used (e.9. Spearman rank order correlation, Sign test) .

13 EDWARD E. BUTLER* and KENNETH WELLS, Departments of Plant Pathology and Botany, respectively, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.--Mycology for Plant Pathologists: A Teaching Program

There is increasing interest on the part of pathologists for mycology courses focusing directly on pathogenic fungi and mycological problems of special interest to plant pathology. In addition, the graduate curriculum is becoming more co~nplex but time allotted for completion of graduate degrees has not been extended. The foregoing factors have been consid ered in establishing a mycology program at University of California, Davis, composed of: a one-quarter course, Introduction to Mycology; one-quarter course, Pathogenic Fungi; two quarters of a Mycology seminar. We will discuss the structure of the courses, methods and their rationale.

14 CARPENTER, STEVEN E . New York Botanical Garden Bronx, New York 10458

Taxonomy and Systematics of the Genus Cyathicula ( H e l o t i a l e s , Leot iaceae)

The gros s morphological and microanatomical features used a s taxonomic c r i t e r i a i n the genus Cvathicula deNotaris are d i s cussed . F i e ld observat ions of phenologicel and b i o l o g i c a l phenomena along with geographic ranges of Neotropical taxa are presented. The r e l a t i o n s h i p of Cyathicula with other members of the Leotiaceae and Hyaloscyphaceae a r e d i s cussed .

15 JAMES C . CAVENDER*, Department o f Botany, Ohio U n i v e r s i t y , Athens, OH 45701 and Kenneth B. Raper and ANN Norberg, Departments o f B a c t e r i o l o g y and Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f Wisconsin, ' ladison, W I 53706 D i c t y o s t e l i u m aureo-s t ipes and D i c t y o s t e l ium tenu i s : Two i n t e r e s t i n g a d d i t i o n s t o t h e D i c t y o - s t e l i a l e s .

The morphology and behav io r o f two new spec ies o f c e l l - u l a r s l ime molds a r e descr ibed. The spec ies a r e ve ry d i s t a n t i n terms o f s i z e and complex i ty o f form, y e t they show a number o f f ea tu res i n comon and, i n f a c t may be c l o s e l y r e l a t e d . D. a u r e o - s t i pes i s re1 a t i v e l y l a r g e and robust , producTng mut ip le -branched soro- carps w i t h o u t t h e symmetry c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f Poly- sphondyl ium. The go lden-ye l low s t i p e i s a d i s t i n g u i s h - i n g f e a t u r e . 0. t e n u i s i s s m a l l e r and s i m p l e r i n s t r u c t u r e . The degree o f b ranch ing i s much reduced i n comparison and, t y p i c a l l y , a s o l i t a r y sorus t e rm ina tes a d e l i c a t e s t i p e composed o f a s i n g l e t i e r o f ce l l s , Both spec ies a r e unusua l ly s e n s i t i v e t o environmental c o n d i t i o n s .

16 *CHARVAT, IRIS, and HSIEH, SU-IN. U n i v e r s i t y o f Minnesota, 220 B i o l o g i c a l Sciences Center, S t . Paul , MN 55108. C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e plasma membrane o f homokaryot ic hyphae o f Sch izophy l lum va ry depending on t rea tmen t used ~ r i o r t o f r e e z e - f r a c t u r e .

We have compared t h e f r e e z e - e t c h c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e plasma membrane u s i n g a number o f d i f f e r e n t t r ea tmen ts p r i o r t o f r e e z e - f r a c t u r e o r f r eeze -e t ch . These t rea tmen ts i n c l u d e hyphae t r e a t e d w i t h ( a ) d i s - t i l l e d water, ( b ) 15% g l y c e r o l , ( c ) 2% g lu ta ra ldehyde f o l l o w e d by 15% g l y c e r o l , ( d ) 2% g lu ta ra ldehyde p l u s 3% sucrose f o l l o w e d by 15% g l y c e r o l and ( e ) 8% g l u t - araldehyde f o l l o w e d by 15% g l y c e r o l . I n t hese t r e a t - r e n t s t h e P face (PF) o f t h e plasma membrane i s char - a c t e r i z e d by a random d i s t r i b u t i o n o f intramembrane

p a r t i c l e s and t h e PF e x h i b i t s a d i s t i n c t l y g r e a t e r d e n s i t y o f p a r t i c l e s t h a n t h a t o f t h e E face (EF). Hyphae t r e a t e d w i t h (a ) d i s t i l l e d water and ( b ) 15% g l y c e r o l have s t r u c t u r e s t h a t a re appa ren t l y invag- i n a t i o n s o r e v a g i n a t i o n s on t h e PF and EF; however no such s t r u c t u r e s are p resen t i n t r ea tmen ts (c ) , ( d ) , and ( e ) . The plasma membranes o f a l l f unga l c e l l s t r e a t e d w i t h d i s t i l l e d water a r e d i r e c t l y ad jacen t t o t h e c e l l w a l l ; hence these c e l l s a re n o t plasmolyzed. However, a low percentage of p l asmolyzed c e l l s a re p resen t i n t r ea tmen ts (b) and ( c ) and a h i g h e r pe r - centage i n ( d ) and ( e ) . A l though t h e plasma membranes o f hyphae t r e a t e d by means of ( a ) and (b ) a re smooth, a h i g h percentage o f f u n g a l c e l l s have wavy membranes i n t h e o t h e r t h r e e t reatments ; however, t h e a d d i t i o n o f sucrose i n (d ) decreases t h e number of wavy membranes. No p a r t i c l e - f r e e areas (PFA) a re p resen t on t h e P f a c e o f t h e plasma membrane i n (a) , b u t a1 1 t h e o t h e r t r e a t ~ n e n t s have some PFA. Appa ren t l y g l u t a r a l - dehyde produces such a r t i f a c t s as p l a s m o l y s i s and wavy membranes. A d d i t i o n a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n s a r e r e - q u i r e d i n o r d e r t o determine if PFA ai-e r e a l s t r u c - t u r e s .

1 7 JIMMY D. CLARK. T. H. Morgan School of B io log ica l Sc i ences , U n i v e r s i t y of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 - Senescence i n t h e s l ime mold Didymium i r i d i s . --

The d i p l o i d plasmodia1 s t a g e of Didymium i r i d i s has a d e f i n i t e l i f e s p a n which i s determined by i t s geno- type . G e n e t i c a l l y i d e n t i c a l plasmodia de r ived from d u p l i c a t e c r o s s e s have an average l i f e s p a n which i s s p e c i f i c f o r each c r o s s and m u l t i p l e s u b l i n e s de- r i v e d from a s i n g l e plasmodium a l l d i e concur ren t ly . Environmental o r c u l t u r a l c o n d i t i o n s such a s n u t r i e n t l e v e l s and t r a n s f e r s i z e have l i t t l e e f f e c t on l i f e s p a n whi le h igh t empera tu re s w i l l s l i g h t 1 y d e c r e a s e t h e average l i f e s p a n . P re l imina ry g e n e t i c a n a l y s i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t l i f e s p a n is under t h e c o n t r o l of a complex a d d i t i v e polygenic system. While age heterokaryons , composed of fused g e n e t i - c a l l y i d e n t i c a l plasmodia of d i f f e r e n t a g e s , i n d i - c a t e a p o s i t i v e gene a c t i o n s i n c e t h e heterokaryon d i e s c o n c u r r e n t l y w i th i t s o l d e s t component.

18 O'NEIL R. COLLINS*, C . D . THERRIEVI~ and DONALD A. BEVERLEY. Department of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , Be rke l ey , CA 94720. - G e n e t i c a l and c y t o l o g i c a l evidence f o r chromosomal e l i m i n a t i o n i n a t r u e s l ime mold, Didymium i r i d i s .

The main purpose o f t h i s r e p o r t i s t o p r e s e n t d a t a from s e v e r a l c r o s s e s i nvo lv ing a po lyp lo id c lone , CR2-25. These d a t a , ob t a ined from n u c l e a r DNA measurements and g e n e t i c a n a l y s e s o f t h e F1 g e n e r a t i o n s , i n d i c a t e t h a t plasmodia of v a r i o u s p l o i d y l e v e l s may be ob ta ined i n t h e s e c r o s s e s , and t h a t t h e d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s a p p a r e n t l y r e s u l t from chromosme e l i m i n a t i o n fo l lowing plasmodia1 product ion . There h a s been no p r i o r r e p o r t of t h i s k i n d f o r any rnyxmycete s p e c i e s . D e v e l o p e n t o f h a p l o i d plasmodia i n a c r o s s between t h e p o l y p l o i d CR2-25 and a h a p l o i d c lone , C R 5 - 5 , was r e p o r t e d e a r l i e r i n a p r e l i m i n a r y n o t e b y The r r i en and C o l l i n s evelo lop. B i o l . 49:283, 1976). These r e s u l t s have now been r e p e a t e d and s i m i l a r r e s u l t s have a l s o been ob ta ined when t h e po lyp lo id CR2-25 h a s been c ros sed w i t h o t h e r s e l e c t e d h a p l o i d c lones . O r i g i n a l l y , T h e r r i e n and C o l l i n s hypothes ized t h a t t h e po lyp lo id c lone "induced" t h e hap lo id CR5-5 c lone t o produce plasmodia apogamously, b u t a l l o f t h e d a t a which have now become a v a i l a b l e cannot be accommo- d a t e d b y t h e e a r l i e r exp lana t ion . However, t h e s e

d a t a can be accommodated, a s w i l l b e d e s c r i b e d , on t h e L a s i s of chromosome e l i m i n a t i o n . The p o s s i b l e s i g n i f i c a n c e of po lyp lo idy i n r e l a t i o n t o myxomycete s p e c i a t i o n and e v o l u t i o n w i l l be d i scussed .

Th i s r e s e a r c h was suppor ted i n p a r t b y NSF Grant DEB75-21171 t o t h e f i r s t au tho r .

l ~ e ~ a r t m e n t of Biology, The Pennsylvania S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , U n i v e r s i t y Park , PA 16802.

1 9 KURT R. DAHLBERG* & DAVID A. COTTER.

Univ. Windsor, Windsor, On ta r io N9B 3 ~ 4 .

E x t r a c t i o n of A u t o a c t i v a t o r Substances From

Dormant D ic tyos t e l i um discoideum Spores .

F r e s h l y formed w i l d t y p e Dic tyos t e l ium discoideum

spores r e q u i r e an a c t i v a t i o n t r ea tmen t t o germinate .

Spontaneous ge rmina to r mutants SG1 and SG2 and w i l d

t y p e ( s t r a i n N c ~ ) spo re s allowed t o mature i n t h e

i n t a c t so roca rps f o r approximate ly 9-10 days p r i o r

t o t e s t i n g , however, r e q u i r e no such a c t i v a t i o n

t r ea tmen t . Th i s c o n c e n t r a t i o n dependent spontaneous

germinat ion i s media ted by s o l u b l e " a u t o a c t i v a t o r

subs tances" . Dormant spo res of t h e SG1 and SG2

mutants and of f r e s h and aged s t r a i n N C ~ were

ha rves t ed and f r a c t i o n a t e d t o de termine a . ) whether

dormant spo res c o n t a i n a u t o a c t i v a t o r subs t ances ,

and b . ) whether t h e a u t o a c t i v a t o r subs t ances a r e

capab le o f d i f f u s i n g from t h e spo res . P r e s e n t

i n d i c a t i o n s sugges t t h a t dormant spo res do c o n t a i n

s i g n i f i c a n t amounts o f t h e autoactivator,substances

which d i f f u s e i n t o t h e medium a t d i f f e r e n t r a t e s

dependent upon t h e spo re s t r a i n .

20 E. Ann E l l i s . Depart,ment o f Rotan?, I :niversit ,y ot' F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e , p l o r i d a . ( I l a i l i n i : a d d r e s s : I n s e c t s Af fec t inp Man Fesearch T,aboratory, 1600 SW 23rd Drive , P . 0. Box 14565, G a i n e s v i l l c , F l o r i d a 32604) . 'Temperature-Belated S5ruct:lra: Changes i n t h e Plasna1errur.a o f t,he T h e m o : ~ t ~ i l e Mucor u l l s i l l l l s . -

Tenperature-growth s t u d j e s o f t h e t , he rnoph i l r - I:!~cor p u s i l l u s ( ~ o o n e y s t r a i n Yh, IdRRL f3 l : i g ) i c l e ~ t i f i e d -- t h e minimum and maxinum erowth t empera tu re s a s 25 an4 >5C, r e s p e c t i v e l y . A t 55C t h e q ros s rnor~tiology o r t h e colony appeared y e a s t l i k e and no spo rang ia were produced. F reeze - f r ac tu re e l e c t r o n n i c roscopy demon- s t r a t e d s t r u c t u r a l ctianges i n t h e plasrr!alemrr~a o f hyphae grown a t 25 and 55C a s coripared t o 'l5C ( o p t . growth ternp. ) . 36 hour o l d c o l o n i e s ; .row on Emerson's YpSs r l a t , e s were f ixed b r i e f l y w i th 45 bu f fe red g l i l t a r a l dehg.de, equ i l i b r a t e d a t t h e appro- p r i a t e growth t empera tu re ; c ryopro tec t ed wi th 205 g l y c e r o l , 5: e thy lene g lyco l ( v / v ) ; and f r e e z e - f r a c t u r e d by s t anda rd procedures . P a r t i c l e s were randomly d i s t r i b u t e d on t h e PF f r a c t u r e f a c e o f t h e plasmalemma a t 45C. P a r t i c l e f r e e , smooth pa t ches and a ~ g r e g a t e s o f p a r t i c l e s occu r red on t h e Po f r a c t u r e f a c e a t 25C. P a r t i c l e f r e e a r e a s o c c ~ r r e d i n p i t s i n t h e plasmalenlma a t 55C. Thin s e c t i o n s demonstrated t h a t t h e s e membrane d e f e c t s ( p i t s ) a t 55C were ho le s i n t h e p l a sma lema . These membrane phenomena a r e probably a r e s u l t o f a l t e r a t i o n s i n

,T ,,-mbr.%:'~. > '1 u i f i i t y nnri l a t e r a l trkins! a t i o n a l rnotion :' in%rmcmbrane n n r t i c l e c . The ~ e m h r a n e a l t e r a t i o n s z,;:-rcJ1.ite wit,h ch:ini.es i n r:rnwth r a t e s and ,qross nornhnl,??y ,> ' roi?rliec; a t the car8iin:il temperatures ank: pr~h , i - r i : . "i>i':ect, c ~ : L ~ ~ L - P : irl 1.ransport p rocesses w i t i i i n :~r.:? :Jt:rT,:;r :he rl:~an~?ler.ur~n.

21 JOANNE T. ELLZEY* AND ELAINE H U I Z A R . B i o l o g i c a l Sc iences , Un ive r s i ty of Texas a t E l Paso, E l Paso, Texas 79968. An u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l comparison of germinat ion i n Achlya recurva oospores and -- gemmae .

:domarski i n t e r f e r e n c e microscopy and t r ansmiss ion e l e c t r o n microscopy were u t i l i z e d t o compare t h e s i m i l a r i t i e s and d i f f e r e n c e s between germinat ing oospores and gemmae a s wel l a s v a r i o u s s t a g e s of ~ o g o n i a l development. Many " f i n g e r p r i n t " vacuoles appear t o coa le sce forming l a r g e vacuoles i n pre- c leavage oogonia a s we l l a s i n germinating oospores and gemmae. Lysosomes a r e f r e q u e n t l y p r e v a l e n t a t t h e pe r iphe ry of l a r g e vacuoles . L ip ids a r e very numerous i n t h e precleavage oogonia, oospheres and oospores u n t i l germinat ion. Other o r g a n e l l e s such a s d ic tyosomes, endoplasmic re t iculum and mitochon- J r i a may be numerous i n precleavage oogonia a s w e l l 3s i n germinat ing oospores and gemmae, b u t a r e d i f f i - z u l t t o d e t e c t i n maturing oospores .

22 PALPH EMEIISON* and STEPHEN C. WLNANS, Department of Botany, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley, CA 94720. - Documentation o f f a c u l t a t i v e anae rob ios i s and o b l i g a t e l y f e rmen ta t ive energy metabolism i n 3 l i ~ i ~ i - r r q u i r i n , r r s p e c i e s of Pythiogeton ( l e rono- s p o r a l e s ) froin Cor ta Rica.

!hi? : )cc i*~-renc~ o f a s t r i c t l y f e rmen ta t ive system o f enirfi;r '~:,t.:itolisa has been c l e a r l y de~l ionst ra ted i n .,- tho b l i i~ : ,~~c i ;%c i i t ! e s ( I? las tocla . l ia ramosa) and Lepto- mil,:ii.:, (c-s-ind,:r~: !:L fermentans).?,!liogeto;? i s aqo:hr7- i.2:.u; .>f s,luati c fung i lona known f o r i t s - ul7~clops . , r )s i..: :#;I r z ~ r g ~ d p u i a ~ t s u b s t r a t a i n wa te r s I,?! i n c1xygcr-, 'Ag : preserii i c o l a t 5, c l o s e l y s i s l i l a r 5 i ~ o r ~ : i , ~ l o g y t o E. l i g r e c c e n s Eatko, was obta ined from a ::i?;;r:ant rmnd i n Co:i;a Rica where oxygen :r.v?l:; wv-rx, >:-I1 b-low one ppm. Using methods of :i;!ar,rc~kio: Ir ; 3111 nr!alyzis c l o s e l y s i r r i l a r t o t h o s r i:r,ployed ir! TX La-boratcry p rev ious ly , we have now sno-m (ec ta: . le; t h a t our Pythiogeton i s o l a t e i s nxyr;en-.Lndi.peridcnt i n it:. energy metabolism. mae the r i n the prbi:,ence o-r t!:t g:o~npl~te absence o f oxygen, growt;i cu rves , dry w r i g h t s , t o t 2 1 a c i d formed, g l u - cose consimed; a n 3 rr,nlar prowth y i e l d s a r e e s sen - t i a l l y t h e ::me. No Pa:;teur e f f e c t i s ~ v i d e n t . Like thc otl ier fin[:i natc.1 above, t h i s s p e c i e s of Pythio.

i s 3 .:trang l a c t i c hcid producer , ve ry probably l;omofcr?~.cnt:itivc .T Like A. fermentans , i t ha: an ob- ligci tr rr<uire!!irnt f o r l i p i d s .

Growtn Per iod, d Atmospheric a 2 12 Oxygen, $

Dry Weight, mg 26 29 24 2 1 25 26 25 0

Lac t i c Acid Pro- 0.92 1.13 1.18 2 1 duced, mmole 0.98 1.17 1 .16 0

Glucose Consumed, 0.62 0. 5 0.85 2 1 maole 0.63 0 . i 5 0.85 o

Molar Growth Yie ld , 42 39 28 2 1 mg dw/mmole g l . 40 31 29 0

23 DAVID F. FARR* ELLM R. FARR. M ~ C O I O ~ ~ Lat,. , P l a n t P r o t e c t i o n I n s t i t u t e , USDA, Be1 t s v i l l e , Md 20705 and Botany Dept., Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n , Washington, DC 20560. Observat ions on t h e genus S t r o p h a r i a i n c u l t u r e .

A number o f c u l t u r e s r e p r e s e n t i n g f o u r species i n t h e genus S t ropha r i a have been s tud ied . M ic roscop i c examinat ion revea led an unusual hyphal m o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e v e g e t a t i v e mycelium. The s t r u c t u r e s observed a r e s h o r t l a t e r a l p r o j e c t i o n s w i t h t e r m i n a l branches which become h e a v i l y i n c r u s t e d w i t h an unknown c r y s t a l l i n e m a t e r i a l . The f u n c t i o n o f these s t r u c t u r e s i s unknown, b u t t hey a r e n o t c o n i d i a . A survey o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e suggests t h a t these s t r u c t u r e s a r e un ique t o t h e genus S t ropha r i a . Th is f e a t u r e may prove t o be taxonomica l l y u s e f u l i n S t ropha r i a and may c o n t r i b u t e t o a b e t t e r under- s tand ing o f t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p s between S t r o p h a r i a and a1 1 i e d genera.

24 DONA FFENEP* and XCHARC E. TRIEEER. Department o f Botargl, Rutgers Univers i ty , New B m s w i c k , New J e r s e y 08903. - U l t r a s t r u c t u r a l and cytochemical obse rva t ions o f Allonryces javanicus.

Al lo c e s 'avanicus is a chytr id iomycete belonging +?-+ to t e o r d e r P a s t a c l a d i a l e s . The morphology of t h e v e g e t a t i v e hj-phae is desc r ibed us ing t r a n s - miss ion e l e c t r o n microscopy. Hyphae a r e mlti- n u c l e a t e w i t h prominent nuc leo l i . Numerous po res a r e p r e s e n t i n t h e nuc lea r envelope. Cen t r io l e s a r e o f t e n a s s o c i a t e d v i t h t h e i n t e r p h a s e nucleus. Lipid bodies, glycogen g ranu les and f i n g e r p r i n t - l i k e i n c l u s i o n s a r e s c a t t e r e d thmughou t t h e c y t a p l a m . Numerous n i c robod ies a r e present . Resu l t s o f cytochemical t e s t s demonstra t ing l o c a l - i z a t i o n o f thian.lne pj rophosphatase and a c i d phos- pha ta se a r e ~ r e s e n t e d . Polysecchar ides a r e demon- s t r a t e d by t h e s i l v e r methenamine method.

25 S'l'AYLEY L . l:I.Li:!.l.ii, g;:\RY I I . ilCi0PI:R I ' c s t i c ide Resr:;rLh Ccnzcr. Michigan s t a t e

lin i ve rs L - y East Lansing, bl1 48823 U l t r a s t r u c t u r e o f Cyathus s t c r c o r c u s --

The l i f e cyc le a n j p e r i d i o l e d i s p e r s a l iiicrt!*nis!ns o r t h e Nldillariaceae hnvc been known f o r many years yi.t few s t u d i e s o f t he u l t r a s t r u c t u r e o f t11c:~c ~.ornplcx fungi have been done. Cyathus s t e rcc r t . u s h a s i d i o - - c a q s were grown i n t h e l abord to ry on Erodie aga r . The bas id ioca rps were prepared f o r s tudy i n t h e SE5l and 'IEbl. Thc pcridiuin c o n s i s t e d ut ' tb.rce morpholo- gically. d i s t i n c t l a y e r s . The funj culus c o n s i s t e d o f t h r e e regions . 'The hyphae i n t !~ese regions , t h e f u n i c u l a r cord , and hapteron, sllowed a s p e c i a l modi- f i c a t i o n i n t h e clamp connect ions . Thc p e r i d i o l e had a wal l consisting o f t h r e e l a y e r s . The spores were surrounded by s p e c i a l nurse hyphae. C . s t e r c o r e u s u l t r a s t r u c t u r e i s f a r more complex than l i g h t microscopy has r evea led i n t h e p a s t . U l t r a s t r u c t u r a ! s tudy shows t h e na tu re of some s t r u c t u r e s p rev ious ly desc r ibed t o be i n e r r o r .

26 LARRY P. GAURILOFF* The U n i v e r s i t y of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602. I s o l a t i o n of Basal Bodies and C e n t r i o l e s from Allomyces

Basal bod ie s and c e n t r i o l e s were i s o l a t e d from Allomyces macrogynus and examined f o r t h e i r a b i l i t y t o a c t a s mic ro tubu le o rgan iz ing c e n t e r s (MTOC) f o r ch i ck b r a i n t u b u l i n i n v i t r o . It had been sugges ted -- t h a t t h e b a s a l body complex of Allomyces and o t h e r b l a s t o c l a d i a l e a n zoospores was t h e mOC f o r t h e cyto- plasmic system of 9 s e t s of 3 microtubules t h a t o r i g i n a t e from t h e a r e a near t h e proximal end of t h e f u n c t i o n a l b a s a l body. Th i s view has been suppor ted from t h e f i n d i n g s t h a t b a s a l bodies from Chlamydo- monas ( S n e l l e t & . , 1974) and from o t h e r organisms f u n c t i o n fis MTOC's i n v i t r o . Two l i t e r s of zoospores (3-5 x 10 /ml) were concen t r a t ed and d e f l a g e l l a t e d , and t h e s p o r e bod ie s were s e p a r a t e d from t h e f l a g e l l a . The d e f l a g e l l a t e d zoospores were homogenized i n a Tris-EDTA b u f f e r w i t h 1% Nonidet P40 us ing a g l a s s - Te f lon homogenizer. Basal bodies were s epa ra t ed from t h e homogenate by a s e r i e s of d i f f e r e n t i a l c e n t r i - f u g a t i o n s and d i scon t inuous suc rose g r a d i e n t s . C e n t r i o l e s were i s o l a t e d from synchronously developing zoosporangia u s ing s i m i l a r procedures . F r a c t i o n s were assayed f o r mic ro tubu le o rgan iz ing a b i l i r y i n v i t r o by incuba t ion w i t h ch i ck b r a i n t u b u l i n (2n:g;ml) a t 37' C i n a po lymer i za t ion medium (PbI of S n e l l &. , 1974) and examined a t 400x f o r a s t r a l fox-riarioas af n i c r o t u b u l e s u s i n g a 100 wa t t a;ercur1i i a r ~ p 2.12 i dark f i e l d condenser . F r a c t i o ~ l s e x i ~ i b i t i n g 7 : . I-; ~ , . i ; u ~ . e o rgan iz ing a b i l i t y were e i i h e r i : 1 ~ ~ 5 i : ? d W L ; ; ~ c h i c k b r a i n t u b u l i n , f i x e d wi th g l u t a r i L i e i ~ j d ? aad aega- t i v e l y s t a i n e d w i t h PTA f a r obse rvn t ion o r f i x e d , dehydra ted and embedded f o r t h i n s ecz ion ing wi th o r wi thout p r i o r i ncuba t ion wi th ch i ck b r a i n t u b u l i n . I n i t i a l obse rva t ions sugges t t h a t b a s a l bod ie s from zoospores and c e n t r i o l e s from developing zoosporangia of Allomyces macrogynus f u n c t i o ~ ~ a s n i c r o t u b u l e o rgan iz ing c e n t e r s f o r ch i ck b r a i n t u b u l i n i n v i t r o .

27 LARRY P. GAURILOFF and ROIJA J. DELAY* The U n i v e r s i t y of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 The F ine S t r u c t u r e of t h e Zoospores and t h e Discharge Apparatus of Harpochytrium h e d i n i i

The Harpochy t r i a l e s is an o r d e r of Chytr id iomycetes f o r which l i m i t e d u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l i n fo rma t ion i s a v a i l a b l e . P rev ious s t u d i e s by Travland and Whisler (1971) and Whisler and Travland (1973) sugges t t h a t Harpochytrium might be c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o t h e Chytr i - d i a l e s . However, more c r i t i c a l examination of zoospore s t r u c t u r e i s necessary . Harpochytrium h e d i n i i was grown i n 20 m l of l i q u i d growth medium c o n t a i n i n g 0.5% t r ~ p t o n e and 0.3% glucose . A f t e r 36 h of growth a t 24 C , t h e c e l l s were washed f r e e of t h e medium and resuspended i n 30 m l of de ionized water a t 24' C i n t h e da rk . A f t e r zoospore r e l e a s e had begun, t h e zoosporangia and zoospores were f i x e d f o r 20 min i n t h e dark w i t h 3 volumes of 2% g lu t a ra ldehyde , pH 7.1, t o which 1 volume of 2% Os04 , pH 7.1, was immediately added. Both f i x a t i v e s were i n de ion ized wa te r . C e l l s were washed and p o s t f i x e d i n 1% Os04 i n de ion ized wa te r , pH 7.1, f o r 1 h i n t h e da rk . The c e l l s were washed and dehydra ted through an e t h a n o l s e r i e s a t 4' C. Zoospores were embedded i n 2% p u r i f i e d aga r p r i o r t o dehydra t ion . The c e l l s were i n f i l t r a t e d and f l a t embedded on g l a s s microscope s l i d e s i n Spurr low-viscos i ty embedding medium. C e l l s were p icked from t h e s l i d e s , o r i e n t e d and th in - sec t ioned . The f i n e s t r u c t u r e of t h e d i s c h a r g e appa ra tus was observed and a three-dimensional r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e zoospores made. The s t r u c t u r e and o r g a n i z a t i o n of t h e zoospores of g . h e d i n i i i s s i m i l a r t o zoospores of o t h e r Chytr id iomycetes . Although c e r t a i n d i f f e r e n c e s i n some o r g a n e l l e a s s o c i a t i o n s and s t r u c t u r e s a r e appa ren t , t h e o v e r a l l s t r u c t u r e of H. h e d i n i i zoospores most c l o s e l y resembles t h a t found i n some c h y t r i d i a l e a n zoospores . The d i s c h a r g e appa ra tus is s i m i l a r t o an operculum bu t needs f u r t h e r s tudy .

28 ROBERT V. GESSNER. I n s t i t u t e of Marine Sc i ences , Un ive r s i t y of North Ca ro l ina a t Chapel H i l l , Morehead C i t y , N . C . 28557. - S p a r t i n a a l t e r n i f l o r a seed fung i .

The f i l amen tous fung i occu r r ing on S p a r t i n a a l t e r n i f l o r a s eeds a t t ached t o i n f l o r e s c e n c e s , on marsh sediments , and submerged i n e s t u a r i n e wa te r s were s tud ied . Seed-borne fungi,commonly found on g r a i n crops ,and graminicolous Ascomycetes were found on t h e s eeds a t t a c h e d t o t h e p a n i c l e s . Af t e r 2 mo on t h e marsh s u r f a c e o r i n t h e a d j a c e n t sound and t i d a l c r eek , a d d i t i o n a l s p e c i e s were observed on t h e s eeds i n c l u d i n g marine fung i . A f t e r 5-7 mo marine fung i and graminicolous Ascomycetes were t h e on ly fungi found by d i r e c t obse rva t ion a l though seed- borne s p e c i e s could s t i l l be i s o l a t e d by i n c u b a t i o n methods. The seeds were completely degraded o r b a r e l y r ecogn izab le a f t e r 11 mo on t h e marsh sediments o r i n s ea wa te r . Claviceps purpurea p a r a s i t i z e d t h e seed heads a t a l l t h e marsh a r e a s sampled. The g r e a t e s t number of s c l e r o t i a were found on t h e tails. a l t e r n i f l o r a nea r t h e lower edge of t h e marsh i n exposed a r e a s and on i n f l o r e s - cences from dredge s p o i l a r e a s . Up t o 183 sc lerot ia /n12 and s c l e r o t i a d ry weight v a l u e s of up t o 2.72 g /m2 were found. E igh t Ascomycetes. 1 Basidiomvcete. and 16 Fungi i r , p e r f e c t i were i d e n t i - f i e d . Spec i e s such a s Ce r i ; , spo rops i s ha l ima, Coro l lo spora n a r i t i m a , C i r r e ; l a l l+ z a s o c e p h a l a , Halosphaer ia hamata, and Trichocii2di: achrasporum, known a s "wood-inhabit ing" n~clri.nc fi i : ig~, occur on submerged S p a r t i n a a l t e r n i f l o r a s eeds , sugges t ing t h a t t h e s e fung i a r e more g e n e r a l uecomposers of p l a n t d e b r i s i n marine h a b i t a t s .

29 SUE U. GLOVER, M.S.* PRESENT ADDRESS:

Athens Area Vocat ional -Technica l School Athens, Georgia 3060 1

Conidiogenes is i n Sphaeros t ' i lbe o c b a c e a S y d w The p h i a l i d e s of S p h a e r o s t i l b e ochracea a r e l oca - l i z e d i n t h e c e n t r a l p o r t i o n of t h e apex o f t h e synnema. Mature p h i a l i d e s a r e t h i n , ext remely e lon- ga t ed , and have a rounded apex. The o n s e t of t h e p roduc t ion of t h e f i r s t - fo rmed conidium i s i n d i c a t e d by t h e appearance of t h e dark s p o r e w a l l j u s t i n s i d e t h e p h i a l i d e apex. The w a l l of t h e p h i a l i d e d i s i n t e g r a t e s i n t h e r eg ion of t h e apex, and t h e developing conidium con t inues t o mature. A f t e r t h e f i r s t conidium pushes through t h e p h i a l i d e apex, a s m a l l , l i g h t mic roscop ica l ly inconspicuous c o l l a r - e t t e is v i s i b l e . The conidium is d e l i m i t e d by a septum, which forms i n s i d e t h e mouth o f t h e p h i a l i d e . Second and subsequent c o n i d i a a r e produced i n bas i - p e t a l succes s ion from a f i x e d locus a t t h e p h i a l i d e apex. Conidia become two-celled a f t e r s e c e s s i o n from t h e p h i a l i d e s .

3 O RUGER D. GOOS Department o f Botany U n i v e r s i t y o f Rhode I s 1 and, K ingston 02881 Labo ra to ry Exe rc i ses f o r General Mycology

Some l a b o r a t o r y exe rc i ses which can be e a s i l y i n - co rpo ra ted i n t o a one-semester course i n i n t r o d u c - t o r y mycology and which p e r m i t s tuden ts t o e n j o y f i r s t hand ~ x p e r i e n c e w i t h f u n g i as l i v i n g e n t i t i e s w i l l be descr ibed. The f i r s t i s a s tudy o f spore germinat ion , u s i n g a fungus which germinates w i t h i n 90 minutes , and which can be used i n a v a r i e t y o f s imple exper iments i n a s tandard 2 hour l a b o r a t o r y pe r i od . The second i n v o l v e s m ic roscop i c observa- t i o n s on hyphal growth, c o r r e l a t e d w i t h obse rva t i ons on growth o f these same f u n g i i n p e t r i d i s h c u l t u r e . The t h i r d i n v o l v e s a s imple demonst ra t ion o f d imor- phism i n mucoraceous f u n g i .

3l R O G E R D. GOOS Department of Botany University of Rhode Is1 and, Kingston 02881 Field and Laboratory Studies of meliolaceous Fungi in Hawaii

Field observations of Meliola argentina, pa r a s i t i c on the la rge sedge, Machaerina angustifol i a , in - d ica te tha t d i s t r i bu t i on of t h i s fungus i s de te r - mined primarily by r a i n f a l l . The lowest elevat ion a t which the fungus develops coincides closely with the isohyet f o r 100 inlyear r a i n f a l l , although the host p lan t extends to elevat ions below t h i s . Abun- dant in fec t ions occur in areas where r a in f a l l equals o r exceeds t h i s amount. Approximately 4-10: germination was obtained when ascospores of 1. argentina and M. palmicola were plated singly on agar media. Simi 1 a r l eve ls of germination were obtained when spores were suspended in water drops on glass s l i de s incubated moist chambers. Growth ceased a f t e r germ tube emergence on a l l media tes ted . The r e su l t s ind ica te tha t ( 1 ) exogenous nu t r ien ts a r e not re- quired fo r ascospore germination, and ( 2 ) t h a t there i s a low level of germinability in the natural ly occurring ascospore population.

3 Z DENNIS J . GRAY* and G . MORGAN-JONES Department of Botany and Microbiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabarna 36830 Sorne mycoparasi t i c Fungi.

An account of the taxonomy and ecoloqy of a number of hyphomycetous funqi which occur on carpophores of members of the Agaricales and Aphyllophorales wil l be presented. These include conidial s t a t e s of l i , l p L m y ~ e s re fe r rab l e t o the genera Scpedoniwn, Mycogone and VcrticiZZiwri and several species of S i b i r i n a .

33 JOHN H . HAINES, New York S t a t e Museum and Sc ience S e r v i c e , Albany NY 12234. E f f e c t of Environmental f a c t o r s on Fungal A i r Spora .

Changes i n fungus spo re c o n t e n t of a i r a r e c o r r e l a t e d wi th changes i n t h e environment. R e l a t i v e humidity, t empera tu re , l i g h t , p r e c i p i t a t i o n , wind v e l o c i t y , snow cove r , season and l o c a l v e g e t a t i o n type a r e examined f o r t h e i r e f f e c t s on H i r s t sampler c a t c h e s . P r e d i c t i o n of a i r c o n t e n t based on c u r r e n t t h e o r i e s of s p o r e r e l e a s e mechanisms a r e examined and t e s t e d ag- a i n s t sampler r e s u l t s . Wind v e l o c i t y , l i g h t i n t e n s i t y and t empera tu re a r e p o s i t i v e l y c o r r e l a t e d wi th num- b e r s of pigmented deuteromycete c o n i d i a such a s A x - n a r i a , Cladosporium, and Epicoccum b u t n o t c o r r e l a t e d w i t h p reva l ence of h y a l i n e a scospores , c o n i d i a , o r b a s i d i o s p o r e s . R a i n f a l l i s p o s i t i v e l y c o r r e l a t e d wi th p reva l ence of h y a l i n e c o n i d i a and b a s i d i o s p o r e s b u t n e g a t i v e l y c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e p reva l ence of pigmented deuteromycete c o n i d i a . Ascospores a r e abundant a f t e r p e r i o d s of r a i n f a l l . The washout e f f e c t of r a i n and f u n g a l c o n t e n t of r a i n water is examined.

The fungus s p o r e c o n t e n t of a i r i s i n c o n s t a n t f l u x sometimes changing r a d i c a l l y i n a s h o r t pe r iod of t ime . Yet t h e s e changes a r e p r e d i c t a b l e and based on environmenta l changes which a f f e c t spo re r e l e a s e mechanisms and impaction of s p o r e s . I t i s p o s s i b l e , g iven a s e t of envi ronmenta l f a c t o r s , t o p r e d i c t t h e t y p e s o f s p o r e s t o be found i n t h e a i r near t h e ground a t a g i v e n t ime .

34 MICHAEL T. HALL* and CHARLES E. BLAND, Department of Biology, Eas t Ca ro l ina Un ive r s i t y , G r e e n v i l l e , North Ca ro l ina 27834. E f f e c t of ma lach i t e green on zoospore f i n e s t r u c t u r e i n Lagenidium c a l l i n e c t e s Couch

The fung ic ide ma lach i t e green has been found e f f e c - t i v e i n i n h i b i t i n g growth of t h e marine fungus , Lagenidium c a l l i n e c t e s Couch a t a concen t r a t ion (0.006 pprn) which makes i t of p o t e n t i a l u se i n c o n t r o l l i n g t h i s and o t h e r fung i caus ing d i s e a s e s o f c u l t u r e d marine c rus t acea . I n s p i t e of t h e use of ma lach i t e green i n t h i s and r e l a t e d a r e a s , l i t t l e i s known o f i t s s i t e and mode of a c t i o n a s a fungi- c ide . I n an e f f o r t t o g a i n in fo rma t ion concerning bo th t h e s e f a c t o r s , e l e c t r o n microscope o b s e r v a t i o n s were made of zoospores of L. c a l l i n e c t e s which had been t r e a t e d wi th ma lach i t e green f o r va ry ing t ime i n t e r v a l s . When t r e a t e d spo res were compared w i t h u n t r e a t e d , marked d i f f e r e n c e s were no ted i n mi tochondr ia1 f i n e s t r u c t u r e . I n l i n e w i th t h i s , a p r o g r e s s i v e degenera t ion of t h e mi tochondr ia was observed i n samples taken a t 10 min i n t e r v a l s f o r one hour. Mitochondria o f c o n t r o l s were e l o n g a t e , had r e g u l a r c r i s t a e , and a g r a n u l a r matr ix . Other c e l l o r g a n e l l e s appeared una f f ec t ed by t r e a t m e n t . Correspondingly , s u b l e t h a l concen t r a t ions of ma lach i t e green were found t o i n h i b i t O 2 uptake by zoospores of L. c a l l i n e c t e s i n a manner l i k e 2 , 4 d in i t ropheno l . Thus t h e s i t e of a c t i o n of ma lach i t e green is l i k e l y t h e mitochondrion where i t probably a c t s by "poisoning" t h e r e s p i r a t o r y process . However, i t s mode of a c t i o n is s t i l l unknown and under i n v e s t i g a t i o n .

35 ROY L . ZALLING " Dep t . o f Bo t any Un iv . o f b . a s s a c h u s e t t s Amher s t , FA 01003 C o l l y b i a ( A g a r i c a l e s , l ' r i c h o 1 o m a t a c e a e ) r S e c t i o n a l C h a r a c t e r s o f S e c t i o n S t r i i p e d e s .-.

I n t h e g e n u s C o l l y b i a , t h e s e c t i o n S t r i i p e d e s i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by a r a t h e r t h i c k ; o f t e n s v b r a d i c a t i n g , more o r l e s s s t r i a t e t o s u l c a t e s t i p e and a p i n k i s h c r eam t o c r eam c o l o r e d s p o r e d e p o s i t . C e r - t a i n N o r t h Amer ican c o l l e c t i o n s o f some s p e c i e s i n t h e s e c t i o n have b a s i d i o s p o r e s t h a t a r e d e x t r i n o i d i n k e l z e r ' s R e a g e n t a n d a r e c y a n o p h i l i c i n c o t t o n b l u e . T h e s e two f e a t u r e s a p p e a r t o b e anoma lous i n t h e g e n u s as d e f i n e d by mos t modern w o r k e r s i n t h e f i e l d . One j n v e s t i g a t o r ( u n p u b l i s h e d d a t a ) c o r r o b o r a t e s t h e s e f i n d i n g s and s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e s p e c i e s o f s e c t i o n S t r i i p e d e s be s e g r e g a t e d as a s e p a r a t e g e n u s . Type material and a d d i t i o n a l c o l l e c t i o n s a r e b e i n g s t u d i e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e r e a c t i o n s o f t h e s p o r e s . S p o r e s f r o m d e p o s i t s a n d / o r l a m e l l a r s q u a s h e s a r e examined i n k e l z e r ' s R e a g e n t and c o t t o n b l u e a n d t h e p r e s e n c e o r a b s e n c e o f r e a c t i o n i s n o t e d . From t h e i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d on c o n s i s t e n c y o f r e a c - t i o n c o r r e l a t e d w i t h o t h e r d i s t i n c t i v e s e c t i o n a l and i n f r a s e c t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r s , a d e c i s i o n s h o u l d be r e a c h e d a b o u t t h e v a l i d i t y o f t h i s c r i t e r i o n a n d t h e t a x o - nomic s t a t u s o f t h e s e c t i o n S t r i i p e d e s .

36 ABRAHAM A. HELD*. Dept. Biol. Sci. Lehman College, Bronx, N.Y. 10468.--~ozella allomycis: single zoospore gives rise to numerous zoosporangia and resistant sporangia. Species of the chytrid genus Rozella, which para-

sit ize other aquatic Phycomycetes, have been divided into two groups: monosporangiate species, which form sol i tary zoosporangia (ZS) , and polysporangiate species, which form in hyphae of their hosts chains of ZS which are separated by septa presumed to originate from the wall of the host. The origin of ZS in the polysporangiate group has been a matter of speculation: multiple infection vs. fragmentation of a protoplast originating from infection by a single zoospore.

Inoculations of single thalli of Allomyces arbuscula with single zoospores of Rozella allomycis Foust have shown that a single infection can indeed produce the polysporangiate condition. In fact, the protoplast arising from a single zoospore can give rise, presumably by branching or by fragmentation, to chains of ZS which appear simultaneously in numerous hyphal tips. The segments in each chain mature in basipetal order. The taxonomic implica- tions of this finding will be discussed.

Resistant sporangia (RS) of R. al lomycis appear in the infected thalli mostly as a result of re- infection with zoospores released from the first crop of ZS. However, some RS seem to occur in basal segments of the chains of ZS and to have the same immediate origin as the ZS above them. In any event, an asexual origin of RS is indicated, in contradic- tion to previous reports of a sexual, heterothallic origin of R. allomycis RS.

37 ADRIANNA D. HEWINGS* and CAROL A. SHEARER. D e p a r t - ment o f B o t a r y , U n i v e r s i t y o f I l l i n o i s , Urbana, I L , 61801. An A u t e c o l o g i c a l S tudy o f F i l o s p o r c a - anne l i d i c a ( a q u a t i L hyphomycete) .

A q u a n t i t a t i v e s v s t e m a t i c seasona l d i s t r i b u t i o n s t u d y of an a q u a t i c hyphomycete communi ty i n d i c a t e s t h a t F. a n n e l i d i c a i s one o f t h e e c o l o q i c a l l v dominan t -.

s p e c i e s . I n o r d e r t c d e t e r m i n e t h e n i c h e p a r a m e t e r s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f a s u c c e s s f u l c o l o n i z e r o f l e a f sub- s t r a t e s , a l a t o r a t o r y s t u d y o f g r o w t h , s p o r u l a t i o n dnd g e m i n a t i o n responses t o v a r i o u s n u t r i t i o n a l and e n v i r o n m e n t a l f a c t o r s was made. !.laximu~n m y c e l i a l q r o w t h i n l i q u i d c u l t u r e on a c h e m i c a l l y d e f i n e d me- d i u m o c c u r s between pH 4-6 w i t h ammonium i o n as t h e p r e f e r r e d n i t r o g e n s o u r c e . No amino a c i d r e q u i r e m e n t has been o b s e r v e d a l t h o u g h a l a n i n e does s t i m u l a t e a s l i g h t , b u t s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t , i nc rea ,se i n ~ r o w t h a t t h e 95:! l e v e l . Growth and s p o r u l a t i o n a r e s u p p o r t e d by a w i d e v a r i e t y o f c a r b o h y d r a t e s o u r c e s a t t h e g r o w t h opt imum o f 20 C, among them q l u c o s e , x y l o s e , f r u c t o s e , c e l l o b i o s e , t r e h a l o s e , s o l u b l e s t a r c h , c i t r u s p e c t i n and c e l l u l o s e . Sugar a l c o h o l s a r e u n s u i t a b l e c a r b o h y d r a t e s o u r c e s . Less t h a n 20 h o u r s a r e r e q u i r e d f o r 99% s p o r e g e r m i n a t i o n a t 20 C and no g e r m i n a t i o n i s o b s e r v e d a f t e r 1 week a t 1 C. I n F. a n n e l i d i c a , many c o n i d i o g e n o u s c e l l s a r e o r o - duced a t d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s b y b r a n c h i n g o f t h e c o n i d i o - p h o r e and c o n i d i a a r e p roduced r e p e a t e d l y f r o m each c o n i d i o g e n o u s c e l l b y p e r c u r r e n t p r o l i f e r a t i o n . Abundant c o n i d i a l p r o d u c t i o n a t a s i n g l e l o c u s may be more s p a t i a l l y and e n e r g e t i c a l l y economica l i h a n p r o d u c t i o n o f c o n i d i a s i n g l y f r o m r e l a t i v e l y u n d i f - f e r e n t i a t e d c o n i d i o p h o r e s ( a s o c c u r s i n mos t o t h e r s p e c i e s o f a q u a t i c hyphomyce tes ) . The success o f F. a n n e l i d i c a as a c o l o n i z e r o f submerged l e a v e s - may be e x p l a i n e d , i n p a r t , b y i t s a b i l i t y t o germin - a t e , grow and s p o r u l a t e p r o l i f i c a l l y on a w i d e r a n g e o f c a r b o n s o u r c e s a t a m b i e n t r i v e r t e m p e r a t u r e s .

38 HOMOLA, R. L . * Depar tment o f Bo tany and P l a n t P a t h o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Maine, Orono, Maine. 04473. R e e v a l u a t i o n o f b a s i d i o s p o r e o r n a m e n t a t i o n t e r m i n o l o g y based on s c a n n i n g e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p e s t u d y .

The b a s i d i o s p o r e s o f s e v e r a l hundred f u n g a l s p e c i e s were examined u s i n g t h e s c a n n i n g e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p e (SEE!). O f t h e s e , t h i r t e e n N o r t h Amer ican s p e c i e s have been s e l e c t e d t o d e m o n s t r a t e p a t t e r n v a r i a t i o n i n t h e b a s i d i o m y c e t e s . U n t i l r e c e n t l y b a s i d i o s p o r e s u r f a c e s have been examined and d e s c r i b e d u s i n g t h e l i g h t m i c r o s c o p e and t h e t e r m i n o l o g y used was d e v e l - oped a c c o r d i n g l y . I n some cases t h e SEN c o n f i r m s what was s u g g e s t e d b y t h e l i g h t m i c r o s c o p e ; i n o t h e r s i t shows t h a t e r r o r s were made w h i c h have r e s u l t e d i n i n a c c u r a t e t e r m i n o l o g y . A number o f s p o r e s t h a t have been d e s c r i b e d as smooth u n d e r t h e l i g h t m i c r o - scope appear o rnamented i n SEM p h o t o s . Lycoperdon- p y r i f o r m e and Ph 110 o r u s r h o d o x a n t h u s a r e t w o such e x a m p l e 7 T h e & h u l ) a t e has been used t o des- c r i b e s p o r e s u r f a c e s w i t h e i t h e r r a i s e d o r depressed a r e a s . The SEM shows t h a t t h e s p o r e s w i t h r a i s e d p r o j e c t i o n s a r e e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y f r o m ones w i t h s u r f a c e c a v i t i e s . The t e r m w i n g e d h a s been used t o d e s c r i b e two e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t s p o r e s of some L a c t a r i i and C l i t o p i l u s . U s i n g t h e t e r m f a l s e l y e c h i n u l a t e to-desc-the s p o r e s o f M cena b i s p h a e r i g e r a i s i n q u e s t i o n . The t e r m s r u g ( u h -- ~ e r r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; e c h i n ( u 1 ) a t e ; t u b e r c u l a t e ; asper(u1)ate: p i t t e d ; s t r i ( a t u 1 ) a t e ; r i d g e d ; and r e t i c u l a t e a r e good d e s c r i p t i v e t e r m f o r d e s c r i b i n g f u n g a l s p o r e s u r f a c e s . More s p o r e t ypes s h o u l d be examined w i t h t h e SEM, e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e l e s s t h a n l o v i n s i z e .

39 ULLA I(.. HOTINEN*, A.E. LINKINS, and O.K. MILLER. Dept. of Biology, V.P.I. & S.U., B?acIisSur~<, Va. 24061. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of selected isolates of ~/Lo.&oL~, in stirps A&,?o~c.

The species concept in ? / w h o f a , in stirps Adi,g~da A.H. Smith & Iiesler, has been investigated by applying electrophoretic techniques to isolates that have previously been exarcinecl for their norpholor_y and mutual mating compatibility. Crude protein cxtractr of soluble proteins from mycelium grown in iiquid shake culture were used to obtain general protein patterns and zymograms of esterases (al~ha-napht!;~l- amidases), phenoloxidases (laccases and ty~osinases!, and peroxidases on polyacrylarnide gels. :iarvestinc of different isolates for protein extraction was carried out at comparable stages of development usin;. dry weight determinations and respiration studies as criteria. Teroxidase and phenoloxidase z;.rnograrns showed wide srea?, of activity and :lo distinct bandin? patterns were attained. General protein patterns and esterase zymograms displayed characteristics t112t made it possible to arrenge the studied isolates in separate groups. This classification, however, did not completely follow results Iron the previous work based on morphology and mating compatibility. The chemotaxonomic approach to the species complex of P. a ~ ~ & v d ! n (Fr. ) Kummer and P. h o n & (Pk. j Sacc. showed that the species are closely related and can not clearly be separated in this way.

40 Barry B. Hunter*and Thomas P. Buckelew. Department of Biology, Cal i fornia S t a t e College, Cal i fornia , Pennsylvania 15419. Light and e lec t ron microscopy of the co- n id ia and ascospores of Cylindrocladium floridanum.

Selected i s o l a t e s of C lindrocladium f l o r i - danum were observed byYphase, b r i g h t f m and transmission e lec t ron microsco~v. These fungi were grown on glucose-yeast & t r a c t agar ( 1 0 1 2 ~ 2 0 d l ) f o r 7 t o 16 days p r i o r t o being examined v ia l i g h t microscopy or f ixed f o r e l ec t ron microscopy. Ascospores and co- n id ia were double-fixed i n glutaraldehyde and osmium te t rox ide and then subjected t o dehy- d ra t ion i n a graded ethanol s e r i e s , replaced by propylene oxide, and kept f o r 12 hours i n Epon 812 res in . Gray and s i l v e r sect ions of the reproductive s t r u c t u r e s were prepared with a Porter-Blum ultramicrotome and s ta ined with e i t h e r a one percent aqueous uranyl mag- nesium ace ta te and Reynold's lead c i t r a t e , or a sa tura ted uranyl ace ta te solut ion. Light microscopic inves t iga t ions revealed t h a t co- n id ia and ascospores possessed d e f i n i t i v e septa and a cytoplasm containing numerous l i p i d - l i k e bodies. The u l t r a s t r u c t u r e of the conidia and ascospores was s imi lar , ye t d i f fe rences were observed. Simple septa were observed i n each kind of the reproduc- t i v e s t ruc tu res , but septa1 pores were only occluded with Woronin bodies i n the ascospores. ~ i t o c h o h d r i a were numerous and most o f t en they were surronded by numerous per i - phera l l i p i d bodies, e spec ia l ly i n conidia.

41 Barry B . Hunter *and David Kendra . Depart- ment of Biology, California S t a t e College, Cal i fornia , Pennsylvania 15419. The varia- b i l i t y of v e s i c l e s of the conidiophores of severa l species of Cylindrocladium.

The v e s i c l e s and associated asexual repro-

were observed scope 11. The fungi were grown on a va r i e ty of na tu ra l , semi-synthetic, and synthet ic agar media with glucose-lima bean and glucose asparagine media being the subs t ra tes f o r optimal con id ia l and ves ic le production. Phase, in ter ference , darkf ie ld and bright- f i e l d microscopy were employed i n studying these fungi t o determine a s many microscopic c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the reproductive propagules a s poss ible . Most fungi had var iable ves icu la r morphologies and anomalous con- d i t i o n s of v e s i c l e s were not infrequent i n c e r t a i n i s o l a t e s . One i s o l a t e of C. crota- l a r i a e produced a branched s t a l k d T r e n - from the ves ic le . A few West Virginia iso- l a t e s of Cylindrocladium had branched ves ic le a t a lka with mature v e s i c l e s a t t h e i r apices. - - -

Other West Virginia i s o l a t e s ( i sola ted- from diseased nursery seedl ing t i s s u e or from the s o i l ) possessed v e s i c l e s which were in te r - mediate between the globose ves ic le ascribed t o C. f loridmum and-the e l l i p t i c a l one of C. s c o m e described these v e s i c l e s =a &hich neaated the p o s s i b i l i t y of a - G e c i e s designation when applying ves ic le morphology a s the primary taxonomic c r i t e r i o n Vesicular morphology should not be used i n t h i s genus f o r designating species.

42 ALAN J. JAIJORSKI* and KATHLEEN THOMSON. Botany Depar tment , U n i v e r s i t y of G e o r g i a , Athens , GA30602 S y n t h e s i s and t u r n o v e r of poly(A)RNA d u r i n g s p o r u - l a t i o n i n B l a s t o c l a d i e l l a e m e r s o n i i .

The s y n t h e s i s o f poly(A)RNA was m o n i t o r e d by p u l s e l a b e l i n g c e l l s w i t h 3H-adenosine f o r 30-minute i n t e r - v a l s t h r o u g h o u t s p o r u l a t i o n . A f l u o r e s c e n c e a s s a y u s i n g e t h i d i u m bromide was d e v e l o p e d t o q u a n t i t a t e s m a l l amounts of RNA and f a c i l i t a t e t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of t h e s p e c i f i c r a d i o a c t i v i t y o f t h e poly(A)RNA. As s p o r u l a t i o n p r o c e e d s , t h e s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t y of t h e p u l s e - l a b e l e d poly(A)RNA p r o g r e s s i v e l y i n c r e a s e s w i t h t h e s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t y measured a f t e r t h e f i r s t h a l f hour o f s p o r u l a t i o n b e i n g l e s s t h a n h a l f t h e v a l u e o b t a i n e d t h r e e h o u r s l a t e r . I n c o n t r a s t , a t p r o g r e s - s i v e l y l a t e r s t a g e s o f s p o r u l a t i o n t h e r e is a f o u r - f o l d d e c r e a s e i n t h e s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t y of t h e non- p o l y a d e n y l a t e d RNA. S u c r o s e d e n s i t y g r a d i e n t a n a l y s i s of t h e RNA i n d i c a t e d t h e s y n t h e s i s of non-polyadeny- l a t e d h e t e r o d i s p e r s e RMA a t a l l s t a g e s o f s p o r u l a - t i o n . Us ing 3H-adenosine a s t h e l a b e l , some r i b o s o - mal RNA s y n t h e s i s was d e t e c t e d a t a l l s t a g e s of s p o r u l a t i o n . Ribosomal RNA s y n t h e s i s was d i f f i c u l t t o d e t e c t d u r i n g l a t e s p o r u l a t i o n when 3H-ur id ine was t h e r a d i o a c t i v e t r a c e r .

Turnover of t h e poly(A)RNA was i n v e s t i g a t e d by a pu lse-chase approach u s i n g 3H-adenosine. During t h e f i r s t two h o u r s of s p o r u l a t i o n a n e f f e c t i v e c h a s e was o b t a i n e d by a d d i n g 1 0 - 3 ~ u n l a b e l e d a d e n o s i n e . The s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t y o f t h e poly(A)RNA d e c r e a s e s r a p i d l y when c e l l s a r e l a b e l e d d u r i n g t h e f i r s t hour of s p o r u l a t i o n and t h e n chased u n t l l z o o s p o r e r e l e a s e is comple te . T h i s r e s u l t s u g g e s t s e x t e n s i v e t u r n o v e r of t h e poly(A)RNA s y n t h e s i z e d d u r i n g e a r l y s p o r u l a t i o n . I n c o n t r a s t , most o f t h e poly(A)RNA s y n t h e s i z e d d u r i n a l a t e s p o r u l a t i o n i s conserved i n t h e zoospore .

Suppor ted by NSF Grant PCM77-1495.

' 3 B.E.C. JOHNSON and J . F . PRESTON, Department o f Microbio logy and C e l l S c i e n c e , University o f F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e , FL 32611. A Unique a-Amanit in R e s i s t a n t RNA Polymerase I1 from Amanita hygro- s c o p i c a

I n o r d e r t o u n d s r s t a c d t h e b a s i s upon which amatoxin a c c m u i a t ~ n g s g e c i e s o f Amanita a r e a b l e t o d e v e l o p e i n t h e p r e b e n c e of t h e s e s p e c i f i c i n h i b i t o r s o f mRNA s y c t h e s i s , we have examined t h e p r o p e r t i e s of mn- t r o RNA s y n t l ~ e s i z i n g sys tems from s e v e r a l s p e c i e s of - t h e genus Amanita. Three forms of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase have been f r a c t i o n a t e d by chromatography of p r e p a r a t i o n s s o l u b i l i z e d f rom a x e n i c c u l t u r e s of Amanita h y g r o s c o p i c a [ a m a n i t i n a c c u m u l a t i n g s p e c i e s ] and A. s o l i t a r i a [non-accumula t ing s p e c i e s ] . These enzymes h a v e been p u r i f i e d by i o n exchange chromato :, graphy and DNA a f f i n i t y chromatography , and h a v e been c h a r a c t e r i z e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o s a l t and i o n i c r e q u i r e - ments and s e n s i t i v i t y t o i n h i b i t o r s of RNA s y n t h e s i s . Three peaks o f enzymat ic a c t i v i t y were e l u t e d f rom DEAE-sephadex f o r b o t h A. h y g r o s c o p i c a and A. &- t a r i a e x t r a c t s . Based upon t h e i r p o s i t i o n s o f e l u t i o r , w i t h an (NH4)2S04 g r a d i e n t and r e l a t i v e i n h i b i t i o n by a - a m a n i t i n t h e t h r e e a c t i v i t i e s h a v e b e e n d e s i g n a - t e d a s I , I I a , and I I b . a-Amanit in a t 8 ug/ml i n h i b i - t e d I by 0%, i I a by 432 and I I b by 60%. Three s i m i l a r peaks were o b t a i n e d from 4. h y g r o s c o p i c a , b u t p e a k s I and I I a proved t o b e c o m p l e t e l y r e f r a c t i v e t o a -amani t in i n h i b i t i o n w h i l e I I b was i n h i b i t e d t o a maximum e x t e n t o f 1 0 % by 200 ug/ml. These o b s e r v a - t i o n s s u p p o r t t h o s e made f o r t h e a - a m a n i t i n i n h i b i - t i o n by i s o l a t e d n u c l e i and i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e RNA polymerase r e s p o n s i b l e f o r mRNA s y n t h e s i s i n Amanita s p e c i e s which a c c u m u l a t e amatoxins a r e u n i q u e l y r e - s i s t a n t t o i n h i b i t i o n by t h e s e p e p t i d e s .

44 JONES, J. P . , W . L. STEFFENS, and A . H . b i n MISIN. Department of P l a n t Pathology and Department of Entomology, Louisiana S t a t e Un ive r s i ty A g r i c u l t u r a l Experiment S t a t i o n , Baton Rouge, La. 70803. - U l t r a s t r u c t u r a l Aspects of Nomurea r i l e y i i on Soybean Looper.

The c o n t r o l of i n s e c t p e s t s i s c u r r e n t l y of much i n t e r e s t t o entomologis ts . Nomurea r i l e y i i i s capa- b l e of having s i g n i f i c a n t impact on soybean looper (Pseudoplusia inc ludens ) popula t ions under f i e l d cond i t ions . To be u s e f u l a s a c o n t r o l technique, however, t he exac t method of i n f e c t i o n of t h e i n s e c t by N. r i l e y i i must be known. The i n d i c a t i o n s i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e a r e t h a t i n f e c t i o n occur s by c u t i c u l a r p e n e t r a t i o n . Our s tudy sugges t s t h a t i n f e c t i o n occurs by inges t ion a l s o . Loopers grown on an a r t i f i c i a l medium con ta in ing 3.7% formaldehyde were sprayed w i t h an aqueous suspension of N. r i l e y i i con id ia . Although con id ia were subsequent ly found on the c u t i c l e of l oope r s , germinat ion was not observed. The f i r s t i n d i c a t i o n of i n f e c t i o n was t h e presence of hyphae ramifying throughout t h e s p i r a c l e f i v e days a f t e r i nocu la t ion . By day e i g h t , hyphae could be observed e x i t i n g the c u t i c l e , and by day e l even , t he fungus produced con id ia . This s tudy p resen t s presumptive evidence t h a t i n f e c t i o n of soybean loopers by N. r i l e y i i occurs by inges - t i o n .

45 R. A. KLINE: R . A. CROCHET and J . L. HARRIS Divis ion of Na tu ra l Sciences , Un ive r s i ty of P i t t sbu rgh a t Johnstown, Johnstown, Pa. 15904 Response of Medically Important Fungi t o Syn the t i c A l l i c i n and a Broninated Der iva t ive .

A n a t u r a l l y occur r ing o i l of g a r l i c , a l l i c i n , has been long recognized a s having a n t i m i c r o b i a l a c t i v - i t y . The s y n t h e s i s of t h e compound and demonstra- t i o n o f a n t i f u n g a l a c t i v i t y i n t h e s y n t h e t i c o i l have been r epor t ed by o t h e r s . In t h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n a modified s y n t h e s i s and p u r i f i c a t i o n of a l l i c i n was developed. Because a l l i c i n spontaneously degrades , t h e tetrabromo d e r i v a t i v e was prepared i n an a t tempt t o s t a b i l i z e the compound. Yeasts and f i lamentous fungi were exposed t o v a r i o u s concen t ra t ions of s y n t h e t i c a l l i c i n and i t s d e r i v a t i v e t o determine t h e i r r e l a t i v e l e t h a l and i n h i b i t o r y a c t i v i t i e s . The ant imycot ic a c t i o n of s y n t h e t i c a l l i c i n was found t o be equa l t o t h e a c t i v i t y of n a t u r a l a l l i c i n . A f t e r a 12 hour exposure t o 112 ug a l l i c i n / d of b r o t h , t en s p e c i e s of y e a s t , i nc lud ing Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida a l b i c a n s , were k i l l e d . On a volumetr ic b a s i s t h e tetrabromo d e r i v a t i v e demon- s t r a t e d a lower ant imycot ic a c t i v i t y than d id r l l i - c i n . Debromination r e s u l t e d i n recovery of a l l i c i n which was an t imyco t i c and had an i n f r a r e d spectrum equ iva len t t o t h a t of t h e o r i g i n a l a l l i c i n . The a c t i v i t y of s y n t h e t i c a l l i c i n and i t s d e r i v a t i v e a g a i n s t v a r i o u s fung i sugges t s t h a t f u r t h e r i n v ivo and i n v i t r o t e s t s be conducted. Add i t iona l der iva- t i v e s should be made and t e s t e d f o r a c t i ~ i t y .

46 KOEHN, ROBERT D. Department o f B io logy Southwest Texas S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y San Marcos, Texas 78666

The a ren i co lous myco f l o ra f rom beaches a long Padre and Mustang I s l and , Texas.

Sea foam and sand samples were taken monthly a t t i d e l i n e f rom beaches on Nor thern Padre and Mustang I s l a n d . Three o f t h e beaches were h i g h - t r a f f i c areas and i nc luded Ho l i day Beach i n Po r t Aransas Park on Mustang I s l a n d , Nueces County Park, and Ma laqu i t e

Beach on :adre I s l a n d . A n o - t r a f f i c beach area a v a i l a b l e o n l y t o pedes t r i ans was a l s o sampled. Foam and sand samples were p laced on seawater medium and a l lowed t o develop f o r a t l e a s t 10 days a t 25 C under 12 hour l i g h t cyc les . Since October 1977, ove r 20 genera o f f i lamentous f u n g i have been observed. Most genera represented a r e t e r r e s t i a l , o r f a c u l t a t i v e marine hyphomycetes. Dend ryph ie l l a a r e n a r i a i s t he most p r e v a l e n t marine spec ies .

47 CHARLES I,. KRAMER* , FRANK L. LYON Div i s ion of Biology, Kansas S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , and MERLE G . EVERSMEYER USDA SEA, Department of P l a n t Pathology Kansas S t a t e Un ive r s i ty , Manhattan, KS 66506 . The Homogeniety of spore and Po l l en con ten t i n t h e Atmosphere.

Quan t i t a t ive s t u d i e s of t h e a i r s p o r a a r e being made a t d i f f e r e n t l o c a t i o n s wi th in and around t h e c i t y of Manhattan, Kansas, USA. The o b j e c t i v e s of t h e s e s t u d i e s a re : f i r s t , t o determine t o what e x t e n t t h e popula t ion of a i r s p o r a may va ry on a q u a n t i t a t i v e and q u a l i t a t i v e b a s i s from one l o c a t i o n t o ano the r wi th in a l o c a l l y de f ined region; and second, t o develop a s a t i s f a c t o r y method of moni tor ing t h e a i r s p o r a ( s p e c i f i c a l l y a e r o a l l e r g e n s ) t o a i d i n c l i n i c a l d i agnos i s and t r ea tmen t of a l l e r g i e s t o a i r b o r n e po l l ens and spores . R e s u l t s , t h u s f a r , show t h a t t h e r e i s some v a r i a t i o n i n t h e a i r s p o r a between loca- t i o n s one t o seve ra l m i l e s a p a r t , b u t t h a t t h i s var- i a t i o n may be no g r e a t e r than occur s i n t h e homogen- i e t y of an a i r mass pass ing over a s i n g l e l o c a t i o n , a s evidenced by seve ra l samplers p laced a few f e e t a p a r t . This would i n d i c a t e t h a t a s i n g l e moni tor ing s t a t i o n wi th in an a r e a may s a t i s f y t h e needs of p r a c t i c i n g a l l e r g i s t s . Most moni tor ing of aero- a l l e r g e n s p r e s e n t l y undertaken f o r use by p r a c t i c i n g a l l e r g i s t s i s done wi th g r a v i t y s l i d e s . We a r e recolmending t h a t d a i l y coun t s o f a e r o a l l e r g e n s (po l l ens and spores ) be r epor t ed on t h e basi: of numbers p e r cub ic meter of a i r du r ing t h e pe r iod of t h e day when numbers a r e a t a peak. Circadian pro- f i l e s showing d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e concen t ra t ion of a g iven spore o r po l l en type from hour t o hour through a 24 h r pe r iod a r e being developed. Hourly d i f f e r - ences w i l l be ind ica t ed a s pe rcen tages of peak concen t ra t ions .

*CHARLES L. KRAMER, FRANK L. LYON Div i s ion of Biology, kansvs S t a t e Un ive r s i ty ; MERLE G . EVERSMEYER USDA SEA, Department of P lan t Pathology. Kansas S t a t e Un ive r s i ty , Manhattan, KS 66506; and, TENNYSON I . COLLINS G. R. Manufacturing Co., 1317 Co l l in s Lane, Manhattan, KS 66502.

VOLUMETRIC AIRSPORA SAMPLING DEVlCES. Q u a n t i t a t i v e s t u d i e s of a i r s p o r a by our group have n e c e s s i t a t e d t h e development of s e v e r a l suct ion- type a i r samplers . 'l'wo of t h e s e , t h e 7-Day Drum sampler and t h e K-C Viable Spore sampler a r e descr ibed he re . The drum sampler is a vo lumet r i c , suc t ion - type s a m p l e r - t h a t impinges a i rbo rne p a r t i c l e s on a s t r i p of double- coated cel lophane t ape which is appl ied t o t h e r i m of the drum. The tape can be removed f o r microscopic examination. The drum r o t a t e s p a s t t h e i n t a k e o r f i c e s o t h a t samples may be t ime r e l a t e d . Operation may be continuous wi th a 115 V AC vacuum pump o r i n t e r m i t - t e n t wi th a 12 V DC power source . An e l e c t r o n i c t iming dev ice t h a t can be s e t t o a c t i v a t e t h e vacuum source over a range of o p e r a t i n g t ime p e r i o d s , is necessary f o r i n t e r m i t t e n t sampling. I n t e r m i t t e n t sampling a l lows f o r b a t t e r y power ope ra t ion i n t h e f i e l d where l i n e e l e c t r i c i t y i s not a v a i l a b l e . A f u l l y charged wet s t o r a g e b a t t e r y w i l l p rovide s e v e r a l days of ope ra t ion wi thout r echa rg ing .

The second sampler i s a vo lume t r i c v i a b l e spo re sampler . This i s a l s o a suc t ion - type sampler , but here t h e a i r s p o r a a r e impinged on c u l t u r e media con- t a i n e d i n a P e t r i d i s h t o a l l ow f o r colony development. The P e t r i d i s h i s r o t a t e d j u s t behind an i n t a k e o r f i c e . The use and a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e s e samplers i n v a r i o u s types of r e s e a r c h a r e desc r ibed .

49 VISWANATH P. KURUP*, Medica l Co l l ege o f Wisconsin, VA Center, 5000 W . N a t i o n a l Avenue, Milwaukee, W I 53193; Immunological C r o s s - r e a c t i v i t y Among Species o f Pathogenic A s p e r g i l l u s .

A s p e r g i l l u s fumigatus , A. f l a v u s , A. f i s c h e r i , A. t e r r e u s and A. niger has been r e p o r t e d f rom a s p e r g i l - loma, a l l e r g i c bronchopulmonary a s p e r g i l l o s i s and i n - vas i ve a s p e r g i l l o s i s . D iagnos is o f a s p e r g i l l o s i s i s based on c l i n i c a l , myco log i ca l , h i s t o l o g i c a l and r a d i o l o g i c a l f i n d i n g s . These methods a r e always n o t f e a s i b l e o r a l t o g e t h e r dependable. However, s e r o l o g i - c a l methods, p a r t i c u l a r l y d e t e c t i o n o f p r e c i p i t a t i n g a n t i b o d i e s i n t h e serum o f p a t i e n t s i s cons idered t o be u s e f u l i n t h e d iagnos i s o f a s p e r g i l l o s i s . A l - though a n t i g e n i c r e l a t i o n s h i p o f A s p e r g i l l u s spec ies a r e n o t known, most o f t h e l a b o r a t o r i e s use an t i gens o n l y f rom A. fumigatus i n s e r o l o g i c a l t e s t s . I n t h e p resen t s tudy a n t i g e n i c c r o s s - r e a c t i v i t y between v a r i o u s spec ies o f A s p e r g i l l u s was s t u d i e d u s i n g a n t i g e n an t i body crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The me tabo l i c an t i gens were e x t r a c t e d f rom va r i ous spec ies o f A s p e r g i l l u s grown i n a s y n t h e t i c b r o t h f o r 3 weeks a t 37°C. The b r o t h separa ted by f i l t r a t i o n was e x t e n s i v e l y d i a l y z e d and f r e e z e d r i e d . These an t i gens were used f o r immunizing r a b b i t s and f o r c rossed immunoelectrophoresis. A. fumigatus , A. f i s c h e r i and A. f e n n e l l i a e r e a c t e d w i t h a n t i A. fumi- -- gatus r a b b i t serum and produced 25, 11 and 7 p r e c i - p i t i n a rcs r e s p e c t i v e l y . A. t e r r e u s showed o n l y one p r e c i p i t i n a rc w h i l e A. f l a v u s and A. niger f a i l e d t o show any c ross r e a c t i v i t y w i t h A. f u m i g a t u l ant iserum. The r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e t h a t spec ies s p e c i f i c an t i gens a r e t o be used f o r d e t e c t i n g a n t i b o d i e s i n t h e se ra o f p a t i e n t s . The r e s u l t : a l s o show t h a t A. f i s c h e r i and A. f e n n e l l i a e a r e more c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o A. fumigatus t han t h e o t h e r spec ies s tud ied .

5' *ELZIE V . LAUBE, D e p ' t . o f B i o l o g y , NCCU, Durham, N C . 27707. Muckland S o i l Myco- e c o l o g y : Climax t o One Year A f t e r C l e a r i n g

The e f f e c t o f c l e a r i n g and c r o p p i n g o f h i g h l y o r g a n i c muck s o i l s o f e a s t e r n Nor th C a r o l i n a o n f u n g a l p o p u l a t i o n s i s r e p o r t e d . The occur - r e n c e and f r e q u e n c y o f a scomyce te s and hyphomyce te s were a s s a y e d u s i n g s o i l p l a t e s and a l c o h o l p a s t e u r i z a t i o n techniques.Among t h r e e s i t e s ( c l e a r e d , u n c l e a r e d , and c l e a r e d and c ropped f o r one y e a r ) t h e r e were no s i g n i f - i c a n t c h a n g e s i n t h e number o f s p e c i e s o r i n s p e c i e s d i v e r s i t y . V e g e t a t i o n a l and e d a p h i c c h a n g e s a f f e c t e d t h e p r e s e n c e o f v a r i o u s s p e c i e s . Only 22.5% o f s p e c i e s o c c u r r e d a t a l l t h r e e s i t e s , and 58.9% were i s o l a t e d from o n l y one s i t e . A s c o s p o r i c s p e c i e s o f P e n i c i l - lium and v a r i o u s pyrenomycetes were p e r s i s - t e n t , a p p e a r i n g w i t h h i g h f r e q u e n c y a t a l l s i t e s . S p e c i e s o f M o r t i e r e l l a and Chaetomium were most s e n s i t i v e t o changes i n h a b i t a t . A c o m b i n a t i o n o f v e g e t a t i o n a l and e d a p h i c f a c t o r s a p p e a r s t o be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e d i s a p p e a r a n c e o f some s p e c i e s and t h e a p p e a r - a n c e o f o t h e r s .

5l ROBERT W. LICHTWARDT. Department of Botany, Un ive r s i t y of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 . The i n t r o d u c t o r y mycology course : a r e we loos ing ground?

Mycology needs a new image. U n j u s t i f i a b l y , mycolo- g i s t s too o f t e n a r e considered t o be f l o a t i n g p l a c i d l y down t h e mainstream of e s t a b l i s h e d know- l edge wh i l e o t h e r s c i e n t i s t s a r e bucking t r a d i t i o n a l c u r r e n t s , s t i r r i n g up t h e w a t e r s , and reaching f o r e l u s i v e s ides t r eams i n t o new and unexplored a r e a s . S t a r t i n g w i t h t h e premise t h a t mycology is an impor tant and f a s c i n a t i n g f i e l d of s tudy t h a t o f f e r s un l imi t ed o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o s t u d e n t s of every persua- s i o n , and t h a t major c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o s c i e n t i f i c concepts a r e and w i l l con t inue t o be made by mycolo- g i s t s , we should be a b l e t o convey more c l e a r l y t o our i n t r o d u c t o r y course s t u d e n t s how f u n g i can c o n t r i b u t e t o b a s i c b i o l o g i c a l knowledge, and about t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s a s decomposers and p a r a s i t e s and t h e i r mu l t i t ude of p r a c t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s and uses . Most s t u d e n t s i n ou r e lementary cou r ses a r e n o t on t h e road to becoming p r o f e s s i o n a l myco log i s t s . I f we want t o a t t r a c t t o mycology t h e b r i g h t and c r e a t i v e minds and prevent a slow s p l i n t e r i n g and a t rophy of mycology a s a v i a b l e s u b j e c t , we need t o expose beginning s t u d e n t s t o a g r e a t e r b read th of funga l a c t i v i t i e s and a l l major f a c e t s of mycology, i n c l u d i n g , of cou r se , t h e more t r a d i t i o n a l ones. But t h e appa ren t overemphasis i n many of o u r c u r r e n t beginning cour ses on morphology and taxonomy of each and every group of f u n g i n i g h t b e t t e r be l e f t t o more advanced s t u d i e s .

5 2 HUBERT LINGX and DAVID KflOORE L. I . du P o n t ae hemours 8 Co., Haskel l Labora- t o r y , Newark, ;E 19711 and U n i v e r s i t y o f P i t t s b u r g h , PS 1 5 L l 3 Mu l t i n u c l e j t e ? " l l c . - c c y s t i i n a Myxornycete

G i a n t mu l t i nuc l e a t e c y s t s were produced i n a h e t e r o - t h a l l i c , h a p l o i d c ! o n e o f Didyrn im i r i d i s . H a p l o i d m i i r c i y s t s a r e g e c 2 r a l l y a b o d t 5-5 i n d i a m e t e r .

C i a n t m i c r c c y s t s a r e 1 2 . 3 0 21.7 and a r e v e r y r a r e i v m;:t ::ICE:-5 z f 3 i d g m i m w h i c h have been 5 . 3 . : n L I , > : , T :77LO.S2-18, t h e i d g i a r l t s L r u c t ~ ~ . ~ ; - r s ?,:&I : r,.>i-s com:non and c o m p r i s e a b o u t 2; f r : , e ; 45: ;':Fu s t i o n . These c e l I s clay c o n t a i n 4 n u c l e i w h i c n 3ppe3r t o be a t d i f f e r e n t ~ l o i d y I c v e l i . G i c j n t c y s t s a r e n o t a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e d i p l o i ~ c r p lasmod ia1 s t a g e ; g e r m i n a t i o n o f g i a n t c y s t s l e a d s t o t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f amoebae and n o t o l a s m o d i a .

53 JAMES S. LOVETT*, Department o f B i o l o g i c a l Sciences , Purdue U n i v e r s i t y , West ~ a f a ~ e t t e : I N , 47907 . Use of A u d i o t u t o r i a l Methods i n In t roduc to ry Mycology.

The use of a u d i o t u t o r i a l (AT) methods a s p a r t of a gene ra l mycology cour se w i l l be desc r ibed . The t h r e e semester c r e d i t cou r se , t augh t i n t h e Depart- ment of B io log ica l Sciences s e r v e s a s a f i r s t mycology cour se f o r upper d i v i s i o n undergraduates and f i r s t y e a r g radua te s t u d e n t s . The o b j e c t i v e of t h e cou r se i s t o i n t roduce s t u d e n t s t o t h e "biology" of t h e f u n g i , i nc lud ing d e s c r i p t i v e morphology and l i f e c y c l e s of r e p r e s e n t a t i v e gene ra , c l a s s i f i c a - t i o n , ecology, physio logy, growth, r ep roduc t ion and g e n e t i c s . The m a t e r i a l covered i n t h e AT-lab s e r v e s a s a " l i v e " textbook and i n t r o d u c e s t h e s t u d e n t s t o t h e b a s i c b io logy of t h e major groups of f u n g i . Each u n i t covers a major group o r sub- group and i n c l u d e s d i s c u s s i o n of t h e s p e c i a l char- a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e f u n g i u s ing an aud io t a p e , a

s tudy gu ide , and photographs . S tuden t s a l s o then examine l i v i n g c u l t u r e s of r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s p e c i e s i n t h e group. The l e c t u r e s d e a l w i t h gene ra l sub- j e c t s such a s growth mechanisms and k i n e t i c s , physio logy, t rop i sms , s e x u a l and pa ra sexua l g e n e t i c s , t h e c e l l c y c l e , s p o r e dormancy, eco logy , and medical mycology.

54 "Grace A . McWhorter and J.W. Kimbrough Departments o f P l an t Pathology & Botany Un ive r s i t y of F l o r i d a G a i n e s v i l l e , F lo r ida 32611

Ontogeny of Asexual Spores i n t h e Choanephoraceae

Choanephora cucurbi tarum ( C h ~ a n e ~ h o r a c e a c e ) was f i r s t de sc r ibed by Berkeley in 1875 a s Rhapalomyces cucurbi tarum from decaying squash i n South Ca ro l ina . S ince t h a t t ime op in ions have va r i ed regarding t h e e x i s t e n c e of " c3n id i a1 ' o r unispored sporangia in t h i s genus. The genus i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by two d i s t i n c t types of asexual s p o r e s , sporangiospores w i th in c i r c i n a t e sporangia and ' 'condia" borne in f e r t i l e heads on ampulla. Recent ly , S.R. Khan and P . H . B . Talbot demonstrated t h a t Cunninghamella e c h i n u l a t a and Mycotypha microspora produced monosporous spo rang io l a and no t con id i a a s was p rev ious ly be- l i e v e d . Developing spo res of cucu rb i t a r ium were f i xed and examined wi th a Hi tachi I l - E and SEM. Observat ions on spore ontogeny confirm t h a t Choanephora a l s o posses ses unispored spo rang ia , not .-- c o n i d i a .

55 K.4USER A. MALIK and LEKH R . BATRA*. Nuclear I n s t i t u t e f o r A g r i c u l t u r e and Biology, Fa i se l abad , Pak i s t an , and Mycology Labora to ry , P l a n t P ro t ec - t i o n I n s t i t u t e , Science Education Admin i s t r a t i on , U . S. Department of A g r i c u l t u r e , B e l t s v i l l e , Maryland 20705. C e l l u l o l y t i c Fungi from S a l i n e and Sodic S o i l s of Pak i s t an .

I n t h e r e c e n t p a s t s a l i n i t y and s o d i c i t y have ren- dered u n c u l t i v a b l e v a s t a r e a s of P a k i s t a n . Micro- f l o r a , p a r t i c u l a r l y f u n g i , p l ay an impor tant r o l e i n t h e e c o l o g i c a l c y c l e on such s o i l s , beginning wi th t h e s a l t - t o l e r a n t g r a s s Diplachne fusca ( L . ) P. Beauv., followed by t h e legume Sesbania a c u l e a t a (Wil ld . ) P e r s . and usual. economic c rops (1 ) . Micro- b i a l l y decomposed o rgan ic ma t t e r supplements s a l t - a f f e c t e d s o i l s w i th n u t r i e n t s , and a t t h e same time lowers t h e pH. + e r g i l l u s spp. were of widespread occurrence i n t!le s a l t - a f f e c t e d s o i l . Of t h e t en fung i t e s t e d f o r t h e i r c e l l u l a s e a c t i v i t y , a s in- f iunced by NaCl c o n c e n t r a t i o n , A . t e r r e u s Thom had the maximum enzyme a c t i v i t y . 1; a r t i f i c i a l l y s a l i n - ized and s t e r i l i z e d s o i l , Chaetomium globosum Kunze ex Fr . was s u c c e s s f u l a s t he s o i l amended wi th i t had h igh C02 e v o l u t i o n and c e l l u l a s e a c t i v i t y . Seve ra l o rgan ic m a t e r i a l s t o improve s a l i n e - s o d i c s o i l s were t e s t e d . Xaximum reduc t ion of exchangeable sodium and i n c r e a s e i n exchangeable ca lc ium took p l ace wi th t h e t r ea tmen t s having o rgan ic amendments i n t h e form of Diplachne g r a s s r e s i d u e s , p a r t i a l l y humified by A l t e r n a r i a a l t e r n a t a ( F r . ) K e i s s l e r , Curvu la r i a g e n i c u l a t a (Tracey & E a r l e ) Boed. and Drechslera aus t r a l i ens* (Bugnicour t ) Subram. & J a i n .

jt; JOHN E. MAYFIELD* and HAZEL TAYLOR. Department of Biology, A t l a n t a U n i v e r s i t y , A t l a n t a , Georgia 30314. - M i c r o s c l e r o t i a l development i n V e r t i c i l l i u m d a h l i a e .

The development of m i c r o s c l e r o t i a (ms) i n y. d a h l i a e , growing i n p o l y g a l a c t u r o n i c a c i d medium (PGAM), was s t u d i e d by a combinat ion of phase c o n t r a s t , f l u o r e s - c e n t , and e l e c t r o n microscopic t echn iques . There was a r a p i d p r o l i f e r a t i o n of c o n i d i a which reached a p l a t e a u on t h e f o u r t h day of i n c u b a t i o n . A f t e r thc f i f t h day t h e r e was a r a t h e r c o n s t a n t d e c r e a s e i n t h e number of c o n i d i a i n t h e medium. M i c r o s c l e r o t i a l i n i t i a l s were n o t observed i n t h e medium p r i o r t o t h e second day. The i n i t i a t i o n o f m s development was i n d i c a t e d by an enlargement of c o n i d i a w i t h b i p o l a r p ro tube rences which gave r i s e t o c h a i n - l i k e f i l a m e n t s of g lobose c e l l s . The e a r l i e s t d e t e c t a b l e changes i n c e l l s t r u c t u r e were t h e appearance of vacuo le s and sma l l l i p i d g r a n u l e s . A s development cont inued t h e l i p i d g r a n u l e s i nc reased i n s i z e and number wh i l e mi tochondr i a e x h i b i t e d a l t e r a t i o n s such a s t h e absence of c r i s t a e i n p o r t i o n s of t h e mi tochondr ia . By u s i n g 3 ,3 ' -d iaminobenzidine , cytochrome o x i d a s e a c t i v i t y was demonst ra ted on ly i n mi tochondr ia1 r e g i o n s w i t h i n t a c t c r i s t a e . Nucle i were g e n e r a l l y app res sed toward t h e c e l l w a l l wh i l e e x h i b i t i n g membrane d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s and o t h e r s t r u c t u r a l anomal i e s . There was a l s o an

increased occu r rence of g r a n u l a r , membrane-bound s t r u c t u r e s c o i n c i d i n g wi th t h e abundance of a l t e r e d mi tochondr ia . A l t e r ed mi tochondr i a were observed i n c o n t i n u i t y w i t h n u c l e i . I t i s sugges ted t h a t a pe r iod of c o n i d i a t i o n and c o n i d i a l enlargement p recedes t h e fo rma t i cn of m s i n PGAM. The subsequent changes i n o r g a n e l l u l a r s t r u c t u r e and arrangement a r e c o r r e l a t e d w i t h m s me tabo l i c a c t i v i t i e s .

57 MIELE, W . H.*, A . E. LINKINS. Depar.-cment o f B i o l o m . V i r g i n i a Po ly t echn ic I n s t i t u t e and S t a t e U n i v e ~ i t y . Blacksburg , V i r g i n i a 2406;. E x t r a - c e l l u l a r So lub le and Bound C e l l u l a s e s involved i n Growth and C e l l u l o s e deg rada t ion by Achlya b i sex - u a l i s .

Achlya b i s e x u a l i s was grown i n chemica l ly d e f i n e d media u s i n g g lucose and c e l l u l o s e a s carbon s o u r c e s . Evaluat ion of growth and c e l l u l a s e a c t i v i t y i n t h e medium by v i scomet r i c and r educ ing s u g a r g e n e r a t i o n a s says sugges t t h a t c e l l u l a s e p l a y s a s i g n i f i c a n t r o l e i n degrading c e l l u l o s e f o r uptake and ca t abo l i sm. C e l l u l a s e i n g lucose grown c u l t u r e s e x i s t s a s a s o l - ub l e e x t r a c e l l u l a r enzyme complex, wh i l e i n c e l l u l o s e c u l t u r e s much of t h e enzyme is adsorbed t o t h e c e l l - u l o s e . E l u t i o n of t h e remaining c e l l u l o s i c s u b s t r a t e with NaCl f o r t i f i e d b u f f e r r e l e a s e s adsorbed c e l l u l a s e %n a s o l u b l e form. Ccmparative e l e c t r o n microscopic examination of accumulated mycei ia grown on e l u c o s e and c e l l u l o s e shows d e c l i ~ i n g d r y weights i n c e l l u l o s e c u l t u r e s a f t e r 96 hour s can be a t t r i b u t e d t o l o s s e s i n c e l l w a l l t h i c k n e s s .

Attempts t o e l u c i d a t e d i f f e r e n c e s between s o l u b l e and bound p r o t e i n s have shown i n c r e a s e d bound p r o t e i n wi th g r e a t e r (3 1-4 exoglucanase a c t i v i t y i n c e l l u l o s e c u l t u r e s a n d ' i n c r e a s e d l e v e l s of s o l u b l e p r o t e i n having g r e a t e r (3 1-4 endoglucanase a c t i v i t y i n g l u - cose c u l t u r e s .

1. Sandhu, G . R. and A. K. Malik. 1975. P l a n t Success ion - A Key t o t h e U t i l i z a t i o n of S a l i n e S o i l s . The Nucleus 12:35-38.

58 C H A R L E S W . MIMS. Dept. of Biology, Stephen F . Aust in S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Nacoqdoches, Texas 75962 U l t r a s t r u c t u r e of Bas id iospores and Basid iospore Formation i n P i s o l i t h u s t i n c t o r i u s .

P e r i d i o l e s con ta in ing bas id iospores i n va r ious s t a q e s o f development were removed from f r e s h bas id ioca rps of P. t i n c t o r i u s and prepared f o r s tud) wi th t r ansmis s ion e l e c t r o n microscopy. Bas id io- s p o r e s of P. t i n c t o r i u s a r e produced a t t h e t i p s of shor t , s t o u t s t e r i q m a t a . Once t h e con ten t of the basidium has moved i n t o t h e bas id iospores t h e basidium d i s i n t e g r a t e s . The s t e r i g m a t a remain a t t a c h e d t o t h e bas id iospores . Young bas id io - s p o r e s con ta in nurnerous mi tochondr ia , ribosomes and s t r a n d s o f rough E R . The spores appear t o be b i - n u c l e a t e and a r e a t f i r s t h ighly vacuo la t e . As t h e spo re aqes the vacuoles d i sappea r and a drop- l e t thought t o be l i p i d i n n a t u r e appears w i th in t h e spo re . T h i s d r o p l e t i n c r e a s e s i n s i z e u n t i l i t n e a r l y f i l l s t h e spore . I n t h e o l d e s t spo res examined the spo re wall c o n s i s t s of an o u t e r , e l e c t r o n - d e n s e l a y e r which inc ludes t h e s u r f a c e markings and an i n n e r , e l e c t r o n - t r a n s p a r e n t l a y e r . Bas id iospores w i th in t h e p e r i d i o l e s a r e embedded i n a f i b r i l l a r ma t r ix . This m a t e r i a l i s thought t o r e s u l t from t h e d i s i n t e g r a t i o n of hyphae wi th- i n t h e p e r i d i o l e . Hyphae w i t h i n t h e p e r i d i o l e posses s clamp connect ions and d o l i p o r e s e p t a . The hyphae forming t h e wall of the p e r i d i o l e e v e n t u a l l y d i s i n t e g r a t e and t h e b a s i d i o s ~ o r e s a re r e l e a s e d i n t o t h e f r u i t i n q body.

59 HERBERT L. 510NOSO:I* and GLENNA Y . ROGERS, Dept. of Biology, 1:radley I ' n i v e r s i t y , Peo r i a . IL. 61625.--Species of Uromyces t h a t i n f e c t new world Cucurb i t aceae .

Seven s p e c i e s of L'romvces a r e known t o i n f e c t d i f f e r e n t genera of new world Cucurbi taceae . The seven r edesc r ibed IJromyces s p e c i e s a r e U . - p e n t a s t r i a t u s , - 1'. rats, ;. p o l i o t e l i s , - - U. noviss imus, U. c a j a ~ o n i a e , L'. a n g u r i a e , and 2. ---

c o r a l l o c a r p i T i ios t p l a n t s i n t h e Cucurbi taceae and new world d i s t r i b u t i o n s f o r each taxon have been determined.

60 PERRY MULLEAVY" and O'NZIL RAY COLLINS. Depart- ment o f Botany, U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , Berkeley, CA 94720. - Spontaneous and induced p l o i d y changes i n t h e myxomycete Didymium i r i d i s .

The myxamoebal s t a g e o f s e v e r a l h e t e r o t h a l l i c i s o - l a t e s o f Didymium i r i d i s were analyzed f o r p l o i d y l e v e l by measuring n u c l e a r DNA con ten t . The Feulger, scanning microspect rophotometr ic method, u s i n g t h e Cytophotometr ic Data Conversion (CYDAC) System, was used. (we have c o r r e l a t e d chromosome coun t s w i th DNA measurements.) Some c lones a r e he terogeneous i n t h e i r DNA c o n t e n t . For example, one c lone , Hon 1-7, shows bimodal d i s t r i b u t i o n , corresponding t o hap lo id and d i p l o i d v a l u e s , whi le ano the r c l o n e , CR2-63, shows a t r i m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n , wi th 2N, 4N, and 8 N va lues . Subcu l tu red l i n e s from s i n g l e c e l l s o f Hon 1-7 and CR2-63 have v a l u e s which a r e unimodal f o r N o r 2N, and 2N, 4 ~ , o r 8 N , r e s p e c t i v e l y . Genet ic ex - pe r imen t s a r e be ing conducted t o de termine whether t h e s e i n t r a c l o n a l subpopula t ions a r e s t a b l e i n suc- c e s s i v e g e n e r a t i o n s and t o determine how t h e i r F1 progeny seg rega te i n a s e r i e s o f c r o s s e s involvi ry : a v a r i e t y o f p l o i d y combinat ions . I n a d d i t i o n t o i s o - l a t i n g spontaneously produced d i p l o i d and po lyp lo id l i n e s , we have been a b l e t o chemical ly induce p l o i d y s h i f t s i n t h e rnyxamoebal s t a g e u s i n g t h e m i t o t i c p o i - son i sopropyl-N (3-chlorophenyl) carbamate ( c I R ) . E a r l y l o g phase c u l t u r e s were f l ooded wi th 100 pg/ml C I R i n 1'$ dime thy l - su l fox ide (DMSO) . A f t e r a 5-7

da t r ea tmen t o f a d i p l o i d s t r a i n o f CR2-25, s i n g l e c e l l s were i s o l a t e d and some o f t h e s e produced t e t r a - p l o i d and o t h e r s o c t a p l o i d Lines. Thus f a r eve ry D. i r i d i s i s o l a t e we have s t u d i e d h a s been s e n s i t i v e t o t h i s drug. C y t o l o g i c a l examinat ion o f t r e a t e d c e l l s r e v e a l s presence o f i n d i v i d u a l w i n u c l e a t e po lyp lo id c e l l s and l a r g e m u l t i n u c l e a t e ones which when washed f r e e o f t h e drug undergo c y t o k i n e s i s producing u n i - n u c l e a t e c e l l s .

61 K . E . Papa. Department of P l a n t Pathology and P l a n t Gene t i c s , U n i v e r s i t y of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602. Genet ic a n a l y s i s o f a f l a t o x i n mutants of A s p e r g i l l u s f l a v u s .

Mutants of A s p e r g i l l u s f l a v u s impaired i n a f l a t o x i n product ion were induced wi th n i t r o s o g u a n i d i n e and analyzed by means of t h e parasexual c y c l e . Comple- menta t ion groups were e s t a b l i s h e d by de t e rmin ing whether o r no t mutants would complement i n d i p l o i d s t o produce a f l a t o x i n . Complementing s t r a i n s g e n e r a l l y produced wild-type l e v e l s of a f l a t o x i n . Pa ra sexua l c r o s s e s between a f l a t o x i n mutants and t e s t e r s t r a i n s led t o t h e assignment of a f l a t o x i n genes t o l i n k a g e groups . Linkage t o w i n l i n k a g e group I1 and t o leu i n l i n k a g e group V I I was demonst ra ted . Other mutants a r e under i n v e s t i g a t i o n .

62 BOB R . POHLAD. Department of P l a n t Pathology, Un ive r s i t y of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602. A P a r a s i t e of Ascocarps of Chaetothyr iaceous Fungi from C e n t r a l F l o r i d a .

A p a r a s i t e on a scoca rps of Treubiomyces pu lche r r imus --

was discovered d u r i n g a s tudy of Chaetothyr iaceous f u n g i from a C e n t r a l F l o r i d a c i t r u s g rove . Closer obse rva t ion r evea l ed t h e hyphomycete &mbost i lbe l la ro sea Zimmermann on a scoca rps of t h e Chaetothyr ia- - ceous genera Treubiomyces and Chaetothyrium and ---- o c c a s i o n a l l y on t h e Capnodiaceous genus Trichomerium.

-- -- Light and e l e c t r o n microscopic s t u d i e s showed h y a l i n e hyphae ramifying throughout t he centrum of t h e asco- c a r p s . A c h a r a c t e r i s t i c r o s e a t e synnema p r o j e c t e d through the o s t i o l e of t h e a scoca rp . Conidiophores gave r i s e t o h y a l i n e b i con ic t o l a n c e o l a t e c o n i d i a . Rhonbos t i l be l l a r o s e s ;:as found producing c o n i d i a mainly dur ing :at€ w in te r and e a r l y s p r i n g on maturing a s c o a r p s . Observat ion of developmental s t a g e s of Treubiomyces pu lche r r imus r evea l ed no i n t e r n a l p a r a s i t i c hyphae of Rhombost i lbe l la u n t i l o s t i o l e development and a scus ma tu ra t ion . Synnemata o f t e n broke off a t t h e o u t e r edge of t h e o s t i o l e du r ing s l i d e p r e p a r a t i o n l eav ing only t h e i n t e r n a l hyphae of t he p a r a s i t e . These could be mis taken f o r t h e s t e r i l e s t r a n d s of f u n g a l t i s s u e t y p i c a l of t he centrum of some Loculoascomycetes.

63 PUSPOSENDJOJO, N .* , STEWART, E . L . , and Z E Y E N , R . J . Department of P l an t Pathology, Un ive r s i t y o f Minnesota, S t . Paul , Minnesota 55108. Conidio- genes i s in Botryodiplodia theobromae Pa t .

A coelomycete i d e n t i f i e d by us a s Botryodiplodia theobromae from Cocas n u c i f e r a , Elaeagnus a n g u s t i f o - l i d , and 9 s p . was examined t o determine the type - of conidium ontogeny r e l a t i v e t o t he proposed c a t e - g o r i e s of conidium ontogeny f o r Coelomycetes a s put f o r t h in Volume I V A o f "The Fungi" (Ainsworth e t a l ., 1973). Observat ions were conducted using transmi t t e d l i g h t , phase c o n t r a s t , Nomarski d i f f e r e n t i a l i n t e r - f e r ence c o n t r a s t , scanning e l e c t r o n microscopy, and t ransmiss ion e l e c t r o n microscopy. Emphasis was placed on the in t e rna l wall development and e x t e r n a l s u r f a c e morphology o f t h e conidiophore and conidium. Elongated conidiogenous c e l l s were q u i t e d i s t i n c t from the pseudoparenchyma forming the pycnidia l wal I . Time sequence s t u d i e s indica ted only one conidium was formed from a s i n g l e conidiogenous c e l I . Both

e x t e r n a l and i n t e r n a l w a l l s o f t h e conidiogenous c e l l c o n t r i b u t e t o the c e l l wall formation o f t he developing conidium. Once formed, con id i a r e a d i l y secede from the con id iophores . The re fo re , we con- cluded t h a t conidium ontogeny i s s o l i t a r i l y ho lob la s - t i c .

64 F . BREKT REEVES * AND THOMAS B . MOORMAN. Botany and P l a n t Pathology Department, Colorado S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , F o r t C o l l i n s , 80523.--Ecology of VA Mycorrhiza l Fungi i n a Semi-arid Sage Community.

A comparison of a n a t u r a l , s t a b l e ecosystem, a mid- e l e v a t i o n sage community (MES), w i t h a s e v e r e l y d i s tu rbed a r e a (DS), an o l d road bed, w i t h i n t h i s community r evea l ed t h a t s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n s i n the popu la t ion of t h e predominant mycorrhiza l fungus , Clomus f a s c i c u l a t u s , occurred fo l lowing d i s t u r b a n c e . -- In the n a t i v e I r ab i t a t , MES, 99% of t he p l a n t cover c o n s i s t e d of VA mycorrhiza l s p e c i e s whereas i n t h e d i s t u r b e d h a b i t a t , (DS), on ly 1% of the p l a n t cover was mycorrhiza l . A b ioas say us ing corn (Zea mays) a s t h e h o s t p l a n t confirmed the r educ t ion i n v i a b l e , mycorrhiza l funga l propagules . A f t e r 30 days growth the corn r o o t s were 77% i n f e c t e d when grown i n t he MES s o i l buL only 2% i n f e c t e d when grown i n t h e DS s o i l . S i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n s i n t h e mycorrhiza l fungal popu la t ions a l s o were found foLlowing l e s s s eve re d i s t u r b a n c e s of t h e s o i l . There i s an extremelv s t r o n g c o r r e l a t i o n between t h e above- ground s p e c i e s composit ion ,ind the popu la t ion of the below-ground, mycorrhizal fungal co!nponent i n sage community s o i l s . I n o rde r t o r e e s t a b l i s h s t a b l e , above-ground ecosystems on d i s t u r h e d lands i n t he semi-arid West ma in t a in ing o r reestablishing the ~ n y c o r r h i z a l fungal component is e s s e n t i a l .

65 ROBERTSON, LARRY D. and ROBERT D. KOEHN* Depar tment o f B i o l o g y Sou thwes t Texas S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y San Marcos, Tx. 78666

C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e c e l l u l a s e p r o d u c e d b y t h e ascomycete, P o r o n i a p u n c t a t a .

C e l l u l o l y t i c enzymes a r e i n d u c e d when P o r o n i a u n c t a t a i s grown on f i l t e r p a p e r . C e l l u l a s e assays

L t h c a r b o x y m e t h y l c e l l u l o s e (cMc) show m a j o r peaks o f a c t i v i t y a t pH 4 .8 and 5 .6 r e s p e c t i v e l y . When m i c r o c r y s t a l l i n e c e l l u l o s e (MCC) and f i l t e r p a p e r (FP) a r e used as s u b s t r a t e s , t h e pH peaks a r e r e v e r s e d ; pH 5.5 i s t h e m a j o r peak and 4.6 i s t h e m i n o r peak . A d u a l enzyme sys tem may e x i s t . O p t i m a l t e m p e r a t u r e a c t i v i t i e s f o r P. p u n c t a t a c e l l u l a s e were f o u n d t o be 55 C w i t h CMC and 45 C w i t h MCC and FP as s u b s t r a t e s . Assays u s i n g FP as a s u b s t r a t e do n o t r i s e above 1 % t o t a l c o n v e r s i o n t o r e d u c i n g s u g a r s . W i t h MCC, 2.7% i s c o n v e r t e d and w i t h CMC 4.7% i s c o n v e r t e d t o r e d u c i n g s u g a r .

66 A . P . ROELFS, USDA, Cerea l Rust Labora tory , Univ. of Minnesota, S t . Pau l , Minn. 55108 USA App l i ca t ions of Aeromycological Methods and Data t o P l a n t Pathology.

For over 50 y e a r s p l a n t p a t h o l o g i s t s sampled t h e a i r t o de termine t h e numbers and k inds of spo res of p l a n t pa thogenic fung i t h e r e . The &)resence of r u s t uredo- spo res i n r a i n water c o l l e c t i o n s has been h igh ly cor- r e l a t e d wi th t h e i n i t i a l annual appearance of c e r e a l r u s t i n a r e a s where t h e pathogen can not e x i s t through o u t t h e y e a r . Impaction t r a p c a t c h e s of uredospores have c o r r e l a t e d wi th l o c a l d i s e a s e s e v e r i t y of t h e c e r e a l r u s t s . Thus, d a i l y uredospore coun t s can be s u b s t i t u t e d f o r biweekly d i s e a s e s e v e r i t y d a t a i n

p r e d i c t i n g d i s e a s e s e v e r i t i e s 30 days i n t h e f u t u r e . Dai ly uredospore coun t s can a l s o be s u b s t i t u t e d f o r d i s e a s e s e v e r i t y i n p r e d i c t i n g d i s e a s e l o s s w i thou t l o s s of accuracy. Var ious t ypes of vo lume t r i c sam- p l e r s have a l s o been used t o moni tor d i s e a s e i n c r e a s e s i n d i seased p l o t s and f i e l d s . But t h e major u se of t h e s e t r a p s has been t o d e t e c t t h e long d i s t a n c e t r a n s p o r t of spo res of p l a n t pa thogenic fung i and t o a t t empt t o e s t a b l i s h t h e sou rce of t r apped s p o r e s by r e t r a c i n g t h e movement of t h e t r a n s p o r t i n g a i r mass. Such s t u d i e s have tkmonst ra ted t h e i n t r a - and i n t e r - c o n t i n e n t a l movement of s p o r e s of p l a n t pa thogens . The v e r t i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of spo res of p l a n t pa tho- gen ic fung i have been s t u d i e d i n l e s s d e t a i l , b u t p re l imina ry evidence i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e numbers of spo res normally dec rease wi th a l t i t u d e ; o c c a s i o n a l l y , however, bands of heavy s p o r e c o n c e n t r a t i o n occu r a t very low and a t h igh a l t i t u d e s . The major u se of aeromycologica l methods i n p l a n t pa thology i s i n f o r e c a s t i n g d i s e a s e development and t h e need f o r and t iming of f u n g i c i d a l a p p l i c a t i o n s .

67 ROGERS, J. D. Wash ing ton S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , P u l l - man, Wash ing ton 99164. The X y l a r i a c e a e : System- a t i c , B i o l o g i c a l , and E v o l u t i o n a r y A s p e c t s . P res - i d e n t i a l Address.

The s y s t e m a t i c and b i o l o g i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t r u c t u r e s and f e a t u r e s o f x y l a r i a c e o u s f u n g i a r e d i s c u s s e d : ascospores ; a s c i ; chromosomes; p e r i t h e c i a l deve lopment ; s t r o m a t a ; c o n i d i a l s t a t e s ; h o s t r e l a t i o n s h i p s . I c o n c l u d e t h a t F a m i l y X y l a r i a - ceae i s n o t c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o any p r e s e n t py reno- nyce tous g roup , a l t h o u g h i t p r o b a b l y has a n c e s t o r s i n common w i t h Fami 1 i e s D i a t r y p a c e a e and S o r d a r i a - ceae. I h y p o t h e s i z e t h a t x y l a r i a c e o u s f u n g i w e r e among t h e e a r l i e s t a s s o c i a t e s o f woody ang iospermous 2 l a n t s ; t h e f i r s t a s s o c i a t i o n s o c c u r r e d on d r y s i t e s . Subsequent e v o l u t i o n o f x y l a r i a c e o u s f u n g i has t a k e n p l a c e u n d e r v a r i o u s c l i m a t i c c o n d i t i o n s and t y p e s o f f l o r a . Many o f t h e m o s t i n t e r e s t i n g x y l a ' r i a c e o u s f u n g i - - p a r t i c u l a r l y s p e c i e s o f X y l a r i a , C a m i l l e a , 3nd Entonaema--have e v o l v e d u n d e r s u b t r o p i c a l and t r o p i c a l c o n d i t i o n s . A l t h o u g h i t i s l i k e l y t h a t t r o p i c a l r a i n f o r e s t s a r e "museums" f o r p l a n t s , t h e i r c o m p o s i t i o n seems t o f a v o r d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n i n x y l a r i a c e o u s f u n g i .

6a AMY Y. ROSSMAN, P lan t Pathology Herbarium, Corne l l Un ive r s i t y , I t h a c a , NY 14853. Morphological convergence o f taxonomical ly d i v e r s e s p e c i e s i n one n i c h e : some ascomy- c e t e s p a r a s i t i c on Mel io l a .

Thc broad, dark hyphae o f Me l io l a on l i v i n g l eaves r e p r e s e n t a s p e c i a l i z e d h a b i t a t t h a t i s f r e q u e n t l y e x p l o i t e d by o t h e r f u n g i . One Sroup of ascomycetcs o c c u r r i n g a s p a r a s i t e s o f Me l io l a appear s u p e r f i c i a l l y s i m i l a r . A l l have sma l l , f l e s h y , t r a n s p a r e n t a scoca rps and h y a l i n e , e lon - g a t e , s e p t a t e a scospores , arid h y a l i n c hyphac? cover ing t h e Mel io la colony. They belong t o d i v c r s e taxonomic o r d e r s : M)-pucreales, Pleo- s p o r a l e s , Dothideales and Helot i s l e s , and have o f t e n been confused k i t h each o t h e r . I n t h e Hypocreales t h c N e c t r i d l eucorrhodina-group inc ludes s p e c i e s wi th u n i c c p t n t e nnd mul t i s ep - t a t e ascospores , some o f which have been :~lncct l i n C a l o n e c t r i a . The on ly anamorph a s s o c i a t s d wi th any member o f t h e ,qroup i s a Cephalospor- i w l i k e p h i a l i d i c s t a t e . Another group o f s p e c i e s appear ing s u p e r f i c i a l l y s i m i l a r + o t h e Nec t r i a leucorrhodina- .group have b i t u n i c a t e a s c i and abundant, r e t i c u l a t e pseudoparaphyses. They a r e now p laced i n Me l io l iph i l a , P l e o s p o r a l e s .

These c l o s e l y - r e l a t e d s p e c i e s a r e d i f f e r e n t i a t e d 7l RAYMOND W. SCHEETZ and RODNEY K. NELSON*. B i o l o g y p r i m a r i l y on a scoca rp ornamenta t ion . Associa- Depar tment , U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n M i s s i s s i p p i , t e d anamorphic s t a t e s a r e h o l o b l a s t i c be longing H a t t i e s b u r q , M i s s i s s i p p i 39401. Scann inq t o E r i o m y c o p s i s and C h i o n o m y c e s . Although t h e E l e c t r o n ~ i c r o s c o ~ ~ o f Cera t iomyxa f r u t i c u l o s a . a s c i a r e b i t u n i c a t e , s p e c i e s o f H y a l o c r e a i n t h e Do th idea l e s have few, broad, s a c c a t e a s c i p e r a scoca rp and no pseudoparaphyses and have n o t The deve lopment o f Cera t iomyxa f r u t i c u l o s a was a s y e t been a s s o c i a t e d wi th any anamorph. One f o l l o w e d f r o m swarm c e l l t h r o u g h s p o r o p h o r e d e v e l o p - h e l o t i a c e o u s d iscomycete , C a l l o r i o p s i s g e l a t i - ment by s c a n n i n g e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p y . M o t i l e s t a g e s n o s a a s s o c i a t e d wi th ~ r i o m y c o p s i s m i n i m a , ex- were f i x e d w i t h g l u t e r a l d e h y d e , d e h y d r a t e d , c r i t i - p l o i t s hyphae of M e l i o l a and h a s an appearance c a l l y p o i n t d r i e d , and c o a t e d w i t h Au Pd. D e l i c a t e s i m i l a r t o t h e above pyrenomycetes. sporophores were v a p o r f i x e d w i t h osmium t e t r a o x i d e ,

f r e e z e d r i e d , and c o a t e d w i t h Au Pd. Swarm c e l l s were f o u n d t o be u n i f l a g e l l a t e when f i r s t formed, w i t h a second f l age11 um becoming p l a i n l y v i s i b l e

69 EMANUEL D. RUDOLPH* and ANITA JOHNSON, Dept . w i t h i n 13% h o u r s a f t e r g e r m i n a t i o n . F r u c t i f i c a t i o n s o f B o t a n y , The Ohio S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Columbus, a t t h e p r e s p o r e s t a g e c o n s i s t e d o f s e v e r a l l a y e r s OH 43210 and Dept. o f B o t a n y , Duke U n i v e r s i t y , o f p r e s p o r e c e l l s u n d e r l a y e d b y a f i b r o u s n e t w o r k . Durham, NC 27706. T r e e Bark a s a T r a p p i n g S u r f a c e The column p r o p e r was f o u n d t o be h o l l o w . Spore f o r A i r - b o r n e M i c r o f u n g i . e l e v a t i o n o b s e r v e d b y s c a n n i n g e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p y

i n l a r g e , c o n f i r m s t h e sequence d e s c r i b e d b y T r e e b a r k was examined a s a p o t e ~ t i a l long- te rm F a m i n t z i n and Woronin. Granu les were found a t t h e t r a p p i n g s u r f a c e f o r random a i r - b o r n e m i c r o f u n g a l base o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l s t a l k e d spores . Energy p r o p a g u l e s . The g e n e r a mos t commonly i s o l a t e d from d i s p e r s i v e x - r a y s p e c t r o s c o p y i n d i c a t e d t h e b a r k s u r f a c e s h a v i n g s from t r e e s i n d i s c o n t i n u o u s l y presence o f c a l c i u m i n t h e s e g r a n u l e s . wooded a r e a s o f s o u t h e a s t e r n Ohio i n c l u d e d : A l t e r n a r i a , Cladospor ium, Epicoccum, Fusar ium, Mucor, P e n i c i l l i u m , and Tr ichoderma, i m p o r t a n t c o n s t i t u e n t s o f t1,e a e r o s p o r a . Examina t ion o f b a r k

72 CAROL A. SHEARER. Depar tment o f Bo tany , U n i v e r - s i t y o f I l l i n o i s , Urbana, I L , 61801. L e a f Pro -

s u r f a c e s u s i n g s c a n n i n g e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p y , b a s e d c e s s i n g and Fungal S u c c e s s i o n i n a M i d w e s t e r n upon compar i son w i t h r e f e r e n c e s p o r e s and o t h e r R i v e r . f u n g a l s t r u c t u r e s , i n d i c a t e s t h z t growing m i c r o f u n g i Rates a t w h i c h map le and sycamore l e a v e s were p r o - a r e u s u a l l y n o t s p o r u l a t i n g b e i n g r e p r e s e n t e d m o s t l y cessed i n t h e Sangamon R i v e r , Ill., were d e t e r m i n e d by h y p h a l f i l a m e n t s . Some i s o l a t e d s p o r e s a r e i n two s u c c e s s i v e y e a r s . Per c e n t a s h - f r e e d r y v i s i b l e a s w e l l . It is s u g g e s t e d t h a t t r e e bark- w e i g h t r e m a i n i n g , b p r o t e i n , ? c a r b o h y d r a t e , and ATP i s o l a t e d m i c r o f u n g i can be good i n d i c a t o r s o f were measured. Fungal s p e c i e s p r e s e n t were d e t e r - a i r - b o r n e r e g i o n a l f u n g i and t h a t t h e y d o n o t p r i m a r i l y i n d i c a t e t h o s e t h a t a r e growing on t h e

mined b y e x a m i n a t i o n o f l e a f d i s c s w h i c h n e r e submerged, i n c u b a t e d i n m o i s t chambers, p l a t e d on r i v e r

b a r k s u r f a c e s . w a t e r a g a r and q r o u n d f o r s e r i a l d i l u t i o n and o l a t - i n g on a n t i b i o t i c PY6 ( C a n t i n o ' s ) . L e a f d i s c s were a l s o examined w i t h SEY. P r o c e s s i n q r a t e s were i n -

'/ 0 f l u e n c e d s i g n i f i c a n t!y b y l e a f t y p e , t e m p e r a t u r e and DON A. SAKEELSC''.: k p a r t m e n t o f Gotany, o o s i t i o n i~ t h s r j v 2 r and a r e s i m i l a r t o t h o s e mea- U n i v e r s i t y o f F I ~ r i d d , S a i n e s v i l l e , F l o r i d a s u r e d i n o t h e r s t reams. Changes i n f u n g a l s p e c i e s 3261 1 ; The A p i c a l !'.upa!-itus o f Euqymnohymenial were g r e a t e s t d d r i n g t h e f i r s t two weeks o f submer- R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e P c z i z a l e s . s i o n and when t e m p e r a t u r e s i n c r e a s e d i n t h e s p r i n g .

W i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f F i l o s p o r e l l ~ a n n e l i d i c a ,

M o r p h o l o g i c a l , d e v e l o p m e n t a l and cy tochemi c a l exam- D i s c o s i a sp . , Polyschema sp. and a number o f y e a s t

i n a t i o n s were made w i t h l i g h t and e l e c t r o n m i c r o - s p e c i e s , mos t of t h e r e q u l a r l y o c c u r r i n g s p e c i e s

scopy on t h e a p i c a l a p p a r a t u s e s o f f o u r eugymno- have been r e p o r t e d f rom o t h e r s t r e a m s . S u c c e s s i o n

h y m e n i a l s p e c i e s , Pyronenia do~nes t i cum, Ascodesmis p a t t e r n s on l e a v e s h e l d i n t h e s t r e a m were d i f f e r e n t

s p h a e r o s p o r a , C o p r o t u s w i n t e r i and C. l a c t e u s . from t h e seasona l s u c c e s s i o n p a t t e r n s o f a r a n d o m l y

--

Ascal t i p s i n a l l f o u r s p e c i e s were n o t a b l y t h i n n e r - sampled l e a f c o l o n i z i n g communi ty . A mapping s t u d v w a l l e d t h a n t h e r e s t o f t h e ascus . U l t r a s t r u c t u r a l l y , o f a s i n g l e l e a f r e v e a l e d t h a t d i f f e r e n t s ~ e c i e s d i d d e m a r c a t i o n o f t h e o p e r c u l a was enhanced a f t e r n o t o c c u r i n d i s c r e t e , e x c l u s i v e p a t c h e s , b u t c g -

s t a i n i n g w i t h s i l v e r methenamine. Wide zones o f e x i s t e d w i t h a mean number o f 5 p e r 4.2 cm2.

d e h i s c e n c e a r e fo rmed i n t h e o u t e r l a y e r o f A. Mechanisms w h i c h m i g h t a l l o w c o e x i s t e n c e a r e : d i f -

s p h a e r o s p o r a and C. w i n t e r i . I n P. domest icum t h e fe rences i n t i m i n q o f a c t i v e m e t a b o l i c g r o w t h and

o u t e r l a y e r o f t h e ~ p e r c u l u m i s d i f f e r e n t i a l l y s p o r u l a t i o n ; reduced c o m p e t i t i o n t h r o u g h d i f f e r - s t a i n e d f r o m t h e r e s t o f t h e a s c a l w a l l . Wa l l e n t i a l c a r b o n s o u r c e u t i l i z a t i o n ; h y p h a l " s n a c i n q " ;

d i m e n s i o n s i n t h e m u l t i s p o r e d a s c i o f C. w i n t e r i a r e and s p a t i a l l a y e r i n g .

a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h r e e t i m e s g r e a t e r t h a n t h o s e i n t h e e i g h t - s p o r e d a s c i o f C. l a c t e u s . The shape o f t h e a p i c a l a p p a r a t u s o f C. l a c t e u s i s a l m o s t i d e n t i c a l t o t h a t o f C. w i n t e r i . M o r p h o l o g i c a l and c y t o c h e m i c a l s i m i l a r i t i e s o f t h e a p i c a l a p p a r a t u s e s i n Ascodesmis, Pyronema and C o p r o t u s h e l p d e m o n s t r a t e g r e a t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e s e t a x a and s u p p o r t t h e b e l i e f t h a t t h e s e t a x a a r e mos t c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o members o f t h e O t i d e a c e a e and A l e u r i a c e a e

7 3 MARTHA A . SHERWOOD Farlow Herbarium, Ilarvard Un ive r s i ty Cambridge, MA 02138

Generic l i m i t s and evo lu t iona ry t r e n d s i n t h e Rhytismataceae

P resen t systems f o r c l a s s i f y i n g t h e genera of t h e Rhytisrnataceae a r e founded on a r e l a t i v e l y small num- be r o f c o n i f e r - i n h a b i t i n g s p e c i e s . I n v e s t i g a t i o n s i n t h e l a r g e , p l u r i v e r o u s genus Coccomyces r evea l a num- b e r of d i f f i c u l t i e s . In t h e p resen t system genera a r e sepa ra t ed on ascospore shape and h y s t e r o t h e c i a l ve r sus d i s c o i d a scoca rps . Ascospore shape, however, forms a continuum both i n t h e h y s t e r o t h e c i a l forms (Hylscdena - Hypoderlne Z Za - Lophodermium) and d i s c o i d forms (Myriophacidiwn - Coccom~ces) , and a t l e a s t two s p e c i e s of Coccomyces produce both h y s t e r o t h e c i a l and d i s c o i d a scoca rps . I t i s proposed t h a t co -evo lu t ion wi th h o s t s i s t h e main f a c t o r in f luenc ing g e n e r i c d i f - f e r e n t i a t i o n i n t h e group. The e f f e c t of t h i s a s - sumption i s t o r e t a i n a s d i s t i n c t t h e s t r o n g l y para- s i t i c c o n i f e r - i n h a b i t i n g genera of Darker, group t h e f o l i i c o l o u s s p e c i e s of Coccornyces, Hypoderi,na, and Lopi-loder~miwn t o g e t h e r , and s e p a r a t e t h e c o r t i c o l o u s and l i g n i c o l o u s s p e c i e s of ioccomyces from t h e f o l i - i co lous members of t h e genus, an arrangement sup- ported t o some e x t e n t by t h e microanatomy of t h e asco- c a r p s .

74 G r e g o r y L . S h i p l e y * , Depar tment cjf Biologics? Sc iences , U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , San ta Barbara , C a l i f o r n i a 93106. The E f f e c t o f Growth Paramete rs o n F u s i o n Competence i n D idymi um i r i d i s .

The purpose o f t h i s w o r k was t o d e t e r m i n e and c h a r a c t e r i z e f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g t h e g a i n i n g o f f u s i o n competence i n h e t e r o t h a l l i c amoeba1 c l o n e s . Amoebae a r e f u s i o n c o m p e t e n t when t h e y f o r m p l a s m o d i a w i t h - i n 7 -8 h r a f t e r m i x i n g w i t h a n o t h e r f u s i o n competen t m a t i n g t y p e . Plasmodium f o r m a t i o n was assayed u s i n g a 1 i q u i d assay ( S h i p l e y and Ross, C e l l D i f f e r e n t i - a t i o n , 7121-32, 1 9 7 8 ) . U s i n g t h i s assay i t was f o u n d t h a t amoebae newly g e r m i n a t e d f r o m m i c r o c y s t s a r e n o t i m m e d i a t e l y f u s i o n c o m p e t e n t ( 1 2 h r ) b u t m u s t grow l o n g e r (24-36 h r ) b e f o r e r e a c h i n g maximal f u s i o n competence. Competence i s l o s t as t h e a m e b a e become c o n f l u e n t and e x h a u s t t h e b a c t e r i a l f o o d s u p p l y ( 4 8 h r ) . The g a i n i n g o f f u s i o n competence i s a f u n c t i o n o f a m e b a 1 d e n s i t y and i s n o t de- penden t on t i m e o f g r o w t h f r o m m i c r o c y s t s n o r t h e number o f c e l l u l a r d i v i s i o n s . M a t i n g f u s i o n com- p e t e n t w i t h f u s i o n i n c o m p e t e n t amoebae does n o t g i v e r i s e t o p l a s m o d i a as r a p i d l y as when b o t h m a t i n g t y p e s a r e competen t . T h i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t b o t h m a t i n g t y p e s mus t be a c t i v e f o r f u s i o n t o o c c u r .

7 5 WILLIAM R . SOLOMON, M . D . *, Unive r s i ty Hosp i t a l , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. Airborne Fungi i n Human A l l e r g i c Diseases .

Two d i s t i n c t immunologically mediated p a t t e r n s of illness due t o inha led fungus m a t e r i a l s a r e recognized: 1 ) h a y f e v e r and/or a s thmat i c responses and 2 ) a l l e r g i c a l v e o l i t i s i nvo lv ing d i s t a l gas-exchanging lung t i s s u e . The former types r e f l e c t r e s p i r a t o r y t r a c t inflammation i n predisposed persons secondary t o r e a c t i o n s of t i s s u e f i x e d a n t i b o d i e s (evoked by pre- v ious exposures) w i th s p e c i f i c environmental agen t s . A l v e o l i t i s causes seve re b rea th ing d i f f i c u l t y and " f l u - l i k e " sys temic symptoms. I t s product ion may in- vo lve r e a c t i o n s of a d d i t i o n a l ant ibody types and/or s e n s i t i z e d lymphoid c e l l s wi th substances from minute

inha led p a r t i c l e s . Impl i ca t ion of o f f end inq fungus agen t s remains d i f f i c u l t due t o t h e complexity and cont inuous tempo of exposure . For many t y p e s , a i r prevalence d a t a a r e t h e only i n d i c a t o r Of exposure i n t e n s i t y . Diagnosis r e s t s on c o r r e l a t i o n s between p a t t e r n s of symptom s e v e r i t y and exposure tempered by evidence of acquired immunological r e a c t i v i t y from s k i n o r mucous membrane t e s t s and serum ant ibody d a t a .

Seve ra l commorl deuteromycete tdva c l e a r l y a r e sour - c e s of t h e hay fever-asthma complex; smal l s p h e r i c a l spo res ( e .g . of c e r t a i n p e n i c i l l i a and a s p e r g i l l i ) can provoke a l l e r g i c a l v e o l i t i s . However, opt imal c a r e w i l l r e q u i r e a broader i n s i g h t i n t o t h e scope and d i s t r i b u t i o n of o f f end ing mycotic a e r o s o l s . Eval- ua t ion of t h e s e n s i t i z i n g p o t e n t i a l of common fung i t h a t r e s i s t c u l t i v a t i o n on f a m i l i a r a r t i f i c i a l media i s one p r i o r i t y a r e a f o r s tudy. The r o l e i n a l l e r g y of many c u l t u r a b l e forms i s a l s o unc lea r and immuno- l o g i c a l l y perceived i n f r a g e n e r i c d i f f e r e n c e s dese rve c l a r i f i c a t i o n . Fungus exposures and r e s u l t i n g symptoms a r e o f t e n in f luenced by domestic and occupat ion- a l p r a c t i c e s . Research p r i o r i t i e s should recognize t h i s by endors ing f u l l e r s tudy of t h e a i r spo ra asso- c i a t e d wi th s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t i e s and s i t u a t i o n s .

FRFDERTCK W. FPIFSE'L* re-oartrnent o f Botany, i rn ive r s i ty o f North Caro l ina , Chapel q i l l , h'. C . 2 7 5 a The c o m a r a t i v e u l t r a s t n i c t u r e of two c l o s e l y r e l a t e d ~ r o t o s t e l i d s

i ! l t r a s t r ~ c t u r a l f e a t u r e s of t h e t r o n h i c s t a ~ e s of P l a n o n r o t o s t e l i ~ m aurantium and f r o t o s t e l i u m myco-

demonstrate t h a t t h e on ly way t h a t t h e s e two spec ie s may b e d i s t i n g u i s h e d is by t h e u n i v e r s a l presence of f l age l lum-assoc ia t ed s t r u c t u r e s ( b a s a l b o d i e s / c e n t r i o l e s , r o o t l e t microtubules) i n t h e former s p e c i e s and t h e i r u n i v e r s a l absence i n t h e l a t t e r , non- f l age l l a t e spec ie s . Examination of t h e m i t o t i c appa ra tus i n each of t h e s e s-oecies confirms t h e maintainance of t h i s d i s t i n c t i o n , w i th P1. aiirantium havine an o-oen. c e n t r i c s ~ i n d l e and - - - - 0 . rvcopha a an onen, a c e n t r i c s-oindle. The d a t a aernonstrat: how comparison of c l o s ~ l y r e l a t e d s ~ e c i e s may be used t o e l u c i d a t e t h e importance of t h e m i t o t i c apparatus f o r mainta ining t h e c e l l u l a r economy o f o r g m e l l e s o t h e r than t h e chromosomes.

77 STEIN, L . A,*, A . E . LINKINS. Department of Biology V i r g i n i a Po ly techn ic I n s t i t u t e and S t a t e Un ive r s i ty Blacksburg, V i r g i n i a 24061. Changes i n C e l l u l a s e Enzyme P a t t e r n s du r ing Induced L a t e r a l Branching i n Achlya b i s e x u a l i s .

A n t h e r i d i a l branching i n Achlya b i s e x u a l i s is hormon- a l l y r e g u l a t e d . I t h a s been r e p o r t e d t h a t c a s e i n hydro lysa te i n t h e media mimics t h i s hormonal s t imu- l a t i o n of branching. Concomitant with t h i s branching an i n c r e a s e i n c e l l u l a s e a c t i v i t y has been r e p o r t e d . Our work h a s confirmed c a s e i n s t i m u l a t i o n of branch- i n g i n g lucose c u l t u r e s , wi th new evidence showing s i m i l a r t r e n d s f o r c e l l u l o s e c u l t u r e s . During a f i v e hour pe r iod a f t e r a 2 mg/ml c a s e i n p u l s e c e l l u l a s e a c t i v i t y i n c r e a s e s peaking an hour p r i o r t o maximum branching. C e l l u l a s e a c t i v i t y is shown t o i n c r e a s e on a mg p r o t e i n b a s i s both i n t r a c e l l u l a r l y and e x t r a - c e l l u l a r l y . C e l l u l a s e a s s o c i a t e d wi th t h i s branching appears t o be e x c l u s i v e l y f 1-4 endoglucanase.

78 Stewart, E.L.;'; and Trappe, J . M. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108 and U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific North- west Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Austrogaut ieria gen. nov. (~ypogeous as id iomycetes)

Vittadini (1831) established the genus Gautieria based on two species collected in Italy: G. morchel- laeformis and G. graveolens. Both have longitudin- -- a1 ly ridged spores and a branched columella, but lack an intact peridiur. of periclinal hyphae at maturity. Dodge and Zel ler (1934) expanded thei r concept of the genus to acconimodate species with a persistent peridium of periclinal hyphae. Gautieria types and other collections listed as such from Australia resembled Gautieria sensu Zel ler and Dodge (1918) in possessinq logitudinally ridged basidiospores but otherwise differed in several ways, most obviously in spore shape and epispore detail. The Austral- asian species are remarkable in their homogenity and deserve separation as a new genus. Gautieria sensu strict0 have rounded spore ridge margins, with spores narrowly ell ipsoid to subglobose. Glebal chambers are conspicuous with broad tramal plates. Hymenial eien~ents are prominent. Our newly proposed genus, Huitrogautieria is characterized by spores with subacute to acute longitudinal ridges. Spore shape is mostly ovate. Glebal chambers are minute with narrow tramal plates. Hymeriial elemen ts are not prominent. The following taxa are described: A. rodway i and A. macrospora as comb. nov. ; A. - - chlorospora sp. n o ~ . and A. clelandi i and A.-costata are validated as sp. nov.

79 MICWFL R . TANSEY*, CARL R. I:LLE&IIZNS, and

CLIFFORD R. KERN. Dept. of Riol., Indiana University, Bloomington. I$ 4 i L 0 1 , and E. I. du rant, Savannah River l.;ih. , Aiken, SC 29801 . - praL. ti(.nl aspects of thc ;icro~yc.ol<>py oE thermo- pllilic and thermotolernnt frlnr,i.

Several spei,ies oi thi~~-m(>ptlilic and thermotolerant fungi art3 z~,oj~:~tt~:,;;i~ni<~ , touii:tnic, ;indior '11 lergenic. I t is therel~,~-~> nf prc~cticnl interfst that h l ~ h con- centrat ions i , l i,,: l (,;!\. terming units of thcsr. hnrlcful species occur in .fir in thc vicinity of lieated t~nbitats. I4t. s:implcd air at n viirienv ol these hahitats, i:lcludiiig boiler ri~inls, dornitory shower rooms, steam 1 ine uutlets, liny lofts, chicken coops, barn;, saw(iust piles, compost piles, greenhouses, catt Lc fccd !:rain sti~ragt. rooms, and rnanuri, piles. Host n f the s[~ccies lound werc ones which ,,ccur at l~:w roncc,ntrations in normal u~ltdoor air, wit11 . . . . . .,Isi't r y ; : . - , L ; . . ,T: . . ~ . r . . t n predominat ing. :?;.-: :,;' ; I , ; , ;

c r 7 ! I ? ; ; : - : r , Ltie et i o ~ e n of avian cipidemic phaeohy- phomycot ic cni.cp11,~l i tis, occurred, grew, and sporulated at the im;:ledinte edge of heated effluents of nuclear prciduction reactors at the Savannah River 1'l;int (Aiken. SC), hut not in other nearby habitats. These data a1 lowed 11s to study aerial dispi.rsa1 of this thermotolcriint fungus from known point sources. Detail cd predic t ive and retrospective meteorological data were used for selection of sampling sites to allow us to follow (or avoid) plumes originating

. , from 2. ,: z . '~ .._'.-I growth sites. Air was sampled quantitatively h:., impingement and filtration, and semi-q~~aiit itatively by settle plates. 2:;??,7ar,ki - 4

2JCLc;:a7)(i was isolated f rum air. Our results are compa=ed to those of recently published point-sourcr studies of compost piles, and relate to the puulic health significance of man-made heated habitats as sources of harmlul thermophilic and thcrmotolerant fungi.

80 SHAWN C. TAPLEYc and MARTHA CHRISTENSEN. Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 Accumulation of trace elements in soil microfungi .

In vitro determinations of the responses of three -- species of microfungi to Cu, Zn, and Cd were made using isolates from soils collected at two sites near Anaconda, Montana. One site is approximately 500 m southeast of the Washoe copper smelter and is contaminated by smelter emissions (Cu 496 ppm, Zn 772 ppm, Pb 98 ppm, Cd 22 ppm-DTPA extractable). Soils from a control site, approximately 95 km northwest of Anaconda, have much lower Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations, i.e., 3.3, 3.8. 2.5 and 0.3 ppm respectively. Two high frequency isolates from each site were grown in defined liquid media with trace netal additions. After growth for 5-7 days, the nycelium of each culture was harvested, weighed and analyzed for metal accumulation.

Initial tolerance determinations with Cu, Zn and Cd have shown thst isolates from the contaminated site are capable of growth at metal concentrations completely inhibiting the growth of control site nicrofungi. There appears to be no correlation, how- rver, between the mechanisms of tolerance and accumulation of trace elements. Harvested mycelia of all isolates contained Cu, Zn, and Cd at levels of between 100 and 1000 times higher than medium concentrations. These findings suggest that soil micro- Fungi may influence the distribution of toxic trace ~lements within the soil ecosystem.

81 JOHN W. TAYLOR, Department of Botany, University of California, Davis, California 95616. The mitochondrion of Bullera alba

During a study of mitosis in Bullera alba (Lanrd) Derx interest was developed ln tne form and the process of division of the mitochondrion in growing cells and in the form and function of the mitochondrion in starved cells. Light microscopy suggests, and computer reconstruction of electron micrographs of serially sectioned cells confirms, that a single, complex, serpentine mitochondrion is present in B. alba. The transectional area of the mitoc!londrion varies over its length and suggests that dlvision prior to cytokinesis 1s by constriction. Starved cells also possess a single mitochondrion whose anatomy is slightly different than that of growing cells. Starved cells do respire, though at only 7.0% of the rate of growing cells, but shortly after being supplied with qlucose the rate of respiration rises to 24.0% of the rate of growing cells, a 346.0% in- crease. In conclusion, B. + possesses one large, branched, serpentine mitochondrion of variable transectional area, which divides prior to cytokinesis. The mitochondrion of a starved cell gener- ally resembles the mitochondrion of a growing cell in terms of its morphology, anatomy and function. The form of the mitochondrion suygests an active, complex orqanelle whose shape may change by constriction and separation, growth of "branches" and anastomosis of "branches".

82 THOMAS P. THARP*, SANTFORD V. OVERTON, and CHARLES E. BLAND, Department of Biology, Eas t Ca ro l ina U n i v e r s i t y , G r e e n v i l l e , NC 27834 Fine s t r u c t u r e of swimming, e n c y s t i n g , and germi- n a t i n g zoospores of t h e marine fungus , Ha l iph tho ros m i l f o r d e n s i s .

The v a r i o u s l y shaped zoospores o f Ha l iph tho ros m i l f o r d e n s i s possess two s u b a p i c a l l y a t t a c h e d f l ag - e l l a ( a n t e r i o r t i n s e l , p o s t e r i o r whip-lash) . I n t e r n a l l y , a l though s i m i l a r t o zoospores of o t h e r oomycetes, t h o s e of g. m i l f o r d e n s i s have c e r t a i n d i s - t i n g u i s h i n g f e a t u r e s . Such f e a t u r e s i nvo lve p r imar i - l y i n t e r n a l o r g a n e l l e arrangement and v e s i c l e t ypes . For example, mi tochondr ia of 11. m i l f o r d e n s i s a r e grouped a n t e r i o r l y around t h e nuc leus and t h e p re s - ence o f a "sca l loped-f r inged" v e s i c l e i s noted f o r t h e f i r s t t ime i n an oomycetous zoospore. Addi t ional - l y , zoospores of 11. m i l f o r d e n s i s a r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d by t h e a n t e r i o r p o s i t i o n i n g of most c e l l o r g a n e l l e s and v e s i c l e s wh i l e t h e p o s t e r i o r of t h e zoospore is f i l l e d wi th l a r g e m u l t i - v e s i c u l a r bod ie s . During encystment , t h e rounded zoospore l o o s e s i t s f l a g e l l a , undergoes a c e n t r a l p o s i t i o n i n g of most c e l l organ- e l l e s ( c e n t r a l nucleus surrounded by c o n c e n t r i c bands of rough endoplasmic r e t i c u l u m ) , and becomes su r - rounded by a s p i n e d , t r i - l a m i n a t e w a l l . Formation of t h e s t r i a t z s p i n e s is appa ren t ly e x t r a c e l l u l a r v i a a coalescence of ves i c l e -de r ived f i b r o u s m a t e r i a l . Cyst germination is t y p i c a l and occurs v i a c r ack ing of t h e sp ined w a l l .

83 LINDA B. TRAVLAND*, Dep't of Botany, U. of Wash. S e a t t l e , Wa. 99195 Wall Formation i n R e s i s t a n t Soorangia of Coelomo- myces psorophorae

Tr,e mature r e s i s t a n t sporangium veal! i s composed of t v o l a y e r s - an o u t e r ve ry e l ec t ron -aense l aye r hgn- eycombed wi th a c p a r e n t l y empty spaces (3 um t h i c k \ , and an inne r e l ec t ron -g ray l aye r (1.9 um t h i c k ) . The f i r s t d i s c e r n i b l e s t a g e of o u t e r wall format ion i s t h e apoearance of a l i n e of e l e c t r o n d e n s i t y i m - media te ly beneath t h e plasma membrane. There a r e nemtrane-bounded i r r e g u l a r s t r i n g s of m a t e r i a l of t5.e same e l e c t r o n d e n s i t y throughout t h e cytoplasm v- icn r r iora te t o t \ e pe r iphe ry and a r e added t o t h e forming - a l l . As t n e s t r i n g s of r a l l m a t e r i a l a r e i n s e r t e d , cytoplasm becomes t rapped b e t r e e n s t r a n d s , f?rming t h e a l v e o l i seen i n t h e mature v a l l . The sec - ondary r a l l appears t o be formed by t h e c o n t e n t s of smal l v e s i c l e s , vhose membranes probably a r e used t o form a nev plasma membrane around t h e spo rang ia l cytoplasm. The mi tochondr ia of t h e mycelium have t h e e l e c t r o n - l ucen t ma t r i ce s and feu c r i s t a e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h e promitochondria seen i n mic roae rophy l l i c fungi. During o u t e r wel l format ion, t h e mitochondria degen- e r a t e f u r t h e r , and a r e r e c o n s t i t u t e d du r ing i n n e r ! . a l l formation. They look normal a t t h e e a r l i e s t s t a g e s of c leavage i n t o meiosoores. When t h e o u t e r wail i s about ha l f of i t s f i n a l t h i ck - nes s , chromatin i n t h e nuc le i condenses, 3nd subsequent nuc l ea r even t s of meios is c o r r e l a t e wi th def- i n i t e s t a g e s of v a l l formation. The r e s u l t s of t h i s s tudy imply t h a t gas r e l a t i o n s may piay a r o l e i n development, and t h a t cy top la s - mic and nuc lea r even t s a r e c l o s e l y coordinated v i t h wal l formation.

8 4 ~ . A . UECKER. Mycology Lab, P l a n t P r o t e c t i o n I n s t i t u t e , USDA, B e l t s v i l l e , MD. 20705. Development and Cytology of A n i x i e l l a endodonta.

This s tudy d e s c r i b e s development of t h e a scoca rp and cytology of t h e ascogenous system of A. &- don ta . Ascocarp development begins wi th t h e forma- -

t i o n of a co i l ed o r looped m u l t i n u c l e a t e ascogonium. Branches from the pa ren t o r ne ighbor ing hyphae o r both enc lose t h e ascogonium and develop i n t o a l l t h e non-ascogenous t i s s u e s of t h e centrum and a scoca rp w a l l . When t h e a scoca rp i s about 130um i n d i ame te r , a narrow c e n t r a l c a v i t y appea r s above t h e ascogonium. Paraphyses a r i s e from pseudoparenchvma c e l l s of t h e centrum around t h e ascogonium and grow up i n t o t h e c a v i t y . The ascogonium g i v e s r i s e t o ascogenous hyphae, from which c r o z i e r s and a s c i develop i n t h e u s u a l way. Asci grow up among t h e paraphyses , which soon d i s a p p e a r . Af t e r karyogamy and m e i o s i s , e i g h t spo res a r e formed i n t h e a scus . Meios is is t y p i c a l and inc ludes a d i f f u s e d i p l o t e n e s t a t e . The l a r g e s p i n d l e pole bodies i n d i v i s i o n I11 a r e shaped l i k e how t i e s . The haploid chromosome number i s s i x . Except f o r t h e l a c k of an o s t i o l e , t h e a scoca rp i s t y p i c a l of t he So rda r i aceae i n s t r u c t u r e and i n development.

8 5 VINOPAL, JOANNE"~ , O.K. MILLER', and E . V . K O M A R M ~ Department of Biology, V i r g i n i a Po ly t echn ic

I n s t i t u t e and S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Blacksburg , Va., 24060. T a l l Timbers Research S t a t i o n , Route 1 , Box 160, Ta l l ahas see , F l a . , 32303. E f f e c t s of pH and Charcoal on t h e L inea r Growth of Higher Fungi Assoc ia t ed w i t h P r e s c r i b e d Burns.

I n c r e a s e s i n s o i l pH occur a s a r e s u l t of p r e s c r i b e d burning. A l l s t u d y p l o t s burned i n March o f 1977, had s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r mean pH v a l u e s t h n t h e unburned s t u d y p l o t s . The l i n e a r growth o f s e l e c t e d Bas id io - mycetes and Ascomycetes a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p r e s c r i b e d burns a t T a l l Timbers Research S t a t i o n and e lsewhere was i n v e s t i g a t e d i n r e l a t i o n t o d i f f e r e n c e s i n pH. Ascomycetes and s a p r o p h y t i c Bas id iomycetes were grown on a modified Nobles media (2% m a l t and 2% a g a r ) . Basidomycetes r e p o r t e d t o be mycorrhiza l grew b e s t on a media of 1% glucose , 1% m a l t , and 2% a g a r . A l l c u l t u r e s were incuba ted a t 25OC. The f u n g i c o l l e c t e d a t T a l l Timbers were grouped acco rd ing t o t h e i r dependence on burned a r e a s f o r i n i t i a t i o n of f r u i t i n g bodies . These f u n g i were a l s o grouped acco rd ing t o t h e range of pH v a l u e s a t which t h e y grew and t h e pH va lue a t which optimum growth occu r red . The f u n g i which occu r red e x c l u s i v e l y on p r e s c r i b e d burn a r e a s tended t o have a s i g n i f i c a n t l y f a s t e r growth r a t e , a wider range of pH v a l u e s f o r growth, and a h ighe r pH f o r optimum growth t h a n those f u n g i on ly o c c a s i o n a l l y o r never o c c u r r i n g on burned a r e a s .

The e f f e c t s o f a c t i v a t e d , p ine , and hardwood c h a r c o a l s on t h e l i n e a r growth of t h e p r ~ v i o u s l y mentioned f u n g i were a l s o i n v e s t i g a t e d . Charcoals were added t o t h e pH media $0 gi-?e $% by volume. The presence of t h e c h a r c o a l s caused changes i n t h e r a t e of growth of some s p e c i e s as w e l l a s changes i n pH v a l u e s f o r t h e optimum growth of a s p e c i e s .

86 WARNER, G . M.2: and D . W . FRENCH. Department o f P l a n t P a t h o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f M i n n e s o t a , S t . P a u l , M i n n e s o t a 55108. Fungi o n F o r e s t B i r d s i n M i n n e s o t a and Mexico.

E v i d e n c e t o imp1 i c a t e b i r d s as a g e n t s o f l o n g d i s t a n c e d i s s e m i n a t i o n o f p l a n t p a t h o g e n i c f u n g i i s l a c k i n g o r c i r c u m s t a n t i a l . The w o r k r e p o r t e d h e r e was done t o d e t e r m i n e number and k i n d s o f f u n g i p r e s e n t o n f e a t h e r s o f f r e e - l i v i n g b i r d s i n two w ide1 y s e p a r a t e d g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s a l o n g a m a j o r b i r d m i g r a t i o n r o u t e . S i x t y - t w o s p e c i e s o f f u n g i , i n c l u d i n g p l a n t pa thogens , were i s o l a t e d f r o m f e a t h e r s o f 676 b i r d s i n 63 s p e c i e s sampled i n f o r e s t e d a r e a s o f n o r t h e r n M inneso ta d u r i n g 1967- 1971. F i f t y - t w o o f t h e f u n g i were i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e Fung i I m p e r f e c t i , s i x i n t h e Ascomycetes and f o u r i n t h e Zygomycetes. The most f r e q u e n t l y sampled s p e c i e s o f b i r d s c a r r i e d s i m i l a r f u n g i b u t i n d i f f e r e n t numbers. T w e n t y - e i g h t s p e c i e s o f f u n g i , i n c l u d i n g p l a n t pa thogens , were i s o l a t e d f r o m f e a t h e r s o f 75 b i r d s i n 36 s p e c i e s sampled i n t h e S t a t e o f Pueb la , Mex ico i n 1967. T w e n t y - f o u r o f t h e f u n g i were i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e Fungi I m p e r f e c t i , two i n t h e Ascomycetes and two i n t h e Zygornycetes. F o r t y - n i n e o f t h e b i r d s were c l o u d f o r e s t r e s i d e n t s i n d i g e n o u s t o Mex ico and 26 were n o r t h e r n m i g r a n t s . Fung i i s o l a t e d most f r e q u e n t l y were f o u n d o n b o t h r e s i d e n t and m i g r a n t b i r d s . P e n i c i l l ium pseudo- s t r o m a t i c u m , a new s p e c i e s f i r s t f o u n d o n t h e s e b i r d s i n 1967 ( M y c o l o g i a 62: 1106), was r e l a t i v e l y common and one o f t h e most f r e q u e n t l y i s o l a t e d s p e c i e s o f P e n i c i l l i u m .

87 WARNER, G . W." and STEWART, E . L. Department o f P l a n t P a t h o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f M i n n e s o t a , S t . P a u l , M i n n e s o t a 55108. P e n i c i l l i u m Spec ies f r o m F i b e r b o a r d and S o u t h e r n P i n e .

S p e c i e s o f P e n i c i l l i u m have been i s o l a t e d f r o m a v a r i e t y o f wood and wood p r o d u c t s t i i r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d ( S t e w a r t , e t a l . , i n p r e s s ) . P e n i c i l l i u m spp . a r e k ~ l o w n t o be t h e c a u s e o f d i s c o l o r a t i o n s o f many wood product ' , , i n c l u d i n g s t a i n o f l a p s t o c k , T h i s s t u d y was i n i t i a t e d t o d e t e m i n e w h a t s p e c i e s o f P e n i c i l l ium w e r e p r e s e n t i n exposed p i l e s o f f i b e r - b o a r d i n M i n n e s o t a and f r o m s o u t h e r n p i n e i n t e s t p l o t s i n G u l f P o r t , M i s s i s s i p p i . S u r f a c e d i s i n f e c t e d and n o n - s t e r i l i z e d samples were p i a c e d on n u t r i e n t media and t h e P e n i c i l l i u m c o l o n i e s were i s o l a t e d i n t o p u r e c u l t u r e . The f o l l o w i n g s p e c i e s have been i d e n t i f i e d u s i n g t h e s t a n d a r d t e c h n i q u e s o f Raper and Fennel l (A Manual o f t h e P e n i c i 11 i a , 1949): P.

WEBER, NANCY s.", ALEXANDER H. SMITH, and KENNETH A. HARRISON. Herbar ium, The U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i - gan, Ann A r b o r , M I 48109. Spore Development and S p e c i a t i o n i n Abstoma G. H. Cunn. (Lycoperdaceae).

Three s p e c i e s h a v e b e e n d e s c r i b e d i n Abstoma, a n o t h e r e i g h t , o r i g i n a l l y p l a c e d i n o t h e r genera , b e l o n g t o Abstoma. Type s t u d i e s h a v e been c o m p l e t e d o n mos t s p e c i e s ; one s p e c i e s o r i g i n a l l y p l a c e d i n -, A. l o n g i i i s a n Ascomycete and i s e x c l u d e d f r o m Abstoma. Based o n o u r t y p e s t u d i e s , we r e c o g n i z e f e w e r t h a n a h a l f dozen s p e c i e s i n t h e genus. Spore o r n a m e n t a t i o n o f a l l s p e c i e s s t u d i e d was examined w i t h a SEM. Two p r i n c i p a l t y p e s o f o r n a m e n t a t i o n have been observed . A s e r i e s o f p h o t o g r a p h s i l l u s t r a t i n g b o t h t y p e s i s p resen ted .

a c u l ea t u n , P. commune, P. decumbens, 1. f e l l utanum, P. f r e q u e n t a n s , P. no ta tum, P. purpurogenum, P. - s t e c k i i , P. waksmani. To o u r knowledge t h i s i s t h e - - f i r s t r e c o r d o f P. a c u l e a t u m f r o m wood p r o d u c t s .

AUTHOR INDEX

(Numbers r e f e r t o a b s t r a c t numbers )

A l l e n , E. B. 1 A l l e n , M . F. 1 , 2 A n a s t a s i o u , C . J . 3 Anderson , J . B. 4 A n t i b u s , R . K . 5 B a r o n i , T. J . 6 B a r s t o w , W . E. 7 , 8 B a r t n i c k i - G a r c i a , S . 9 B a t r a , L. R . 55 B e t t e r l e y , D . A . 1 8 B i n d e r , F. L. 1 0 B l a n d , C.E. 3 4 , 8 1 B o i s e , J . R . 11 Buckelew, T . P . 4 0 Burge , H . A . 1 1 , 1 2 B u t l e r , E .E . 1 3 C a r p e n t e r , S . E . 1 4 Cavende r , J . C . 1 5 C h a r v a t , I . 1 6 C h r i s t e n s e n , M . 2 , 8 0 C h u r c h l a n d , L.M. 2 C l a r k , J . D . 1 7 C o l l i n s , O . R . 1 8 , 6 0 C o l l i n s , T . I . 4 8 C o t t e r , D . A . 1 9 C r o c h e t , R . A . 4 5 D a h l b e r g , K . R . 1 9 D e l a y , R . J . 27 E l l i s E . A . 20 E l l z e y , J . T . 2 1 Emerson. R . 22 ~ v e r s m e y e r , M . G . 4 7 , 4 8 F a r r , D.F. 2 3 F a r r , E.R. 23 F e e n e y , D . 24 F l e g l e r , S .L . 25 F l i e r m a n s , C.B. 7 9 F r e n c h , D.W. G a u r i l o f f , L .P . G e s s n e r , R . V . G l o v e r , S.U. Goos, R . D . Gray , D . J . H a i n e s , J . H . H a l l , M.T. H a l l i n g , R.B. H a r r i s , J . L . H a r r i s o n , K . A . H e l d , A . A . Hewings, A . D .

Homola, R.L. 38 Hooper , G . R . 25 H o t i n e n , U . K . 39 H s i e h , S . I . 1 6 H u i z a r , E. 2 1 H u n t e r , B.B. 4 0 , 4 1 H u s i n , A . H . b i n 44 J a w o r s k i , A . J . 42 J o h n s o n , A . 69 J o h n s o n , B.E.C. 4 3 J o n e s , J . P . 44 Kendra , D. 4 1 Kern , C . R . 7 9 Kimbrough, J . W . 5 4 K l i n e , R . A . 4 5 Koehn, R . D . 4 6 , 6 5 Komarek, E. V . 8 5 Kramer, C.L. 4 7 , 4 8 Kurup, V.P. 49 Laube , E.V. 50 L i c h t w a r d t , R . W . 5 1 L i n g , H . 52 L i n k i n s , A . E. 5 , 3 9

5 7 , 7 7 L o v e t t , J . S . 5 3 Lyon, F . L . 4 7 , 4 8 McWhort er , G . A . 5 4 M a l i k , K . A . 55 M a y f i e l d , J . E . 56 M i e l e , W.H. 57 M i l l e r , O . K . 5 , 3 9 , 8 5 M i m s , C.W. 58 Monoson, H.L. 5 9 Moore, D . 52 Moore, T . S . , J r . 2 Moarman, T.B. 6 4 Morgan-Jones , G . 32 Mul l eavy , P. 6 0 Ne l son , R . K . 7 1 Norbe rg , A . 1 5 O v e r t o n , S.V. 82 P a p a , K . E . 6 1 P o h l a d , B.R. 62 P r e s t o n , J . F . 4 3 P u s p o s e n d j o j o , N . 6 3 Rape r , K.B. 1 5 Reeves , F.B. 64 R o b e r t s o n , L.D. 6 5 R o e l f s , A.P. 6 6 R o g e r s , G . M . 59

R o g e r s , J .D . 6 7 R o s s m a n , A.Y. 6 8 R u d o l p h , E .D. 6 9 S a m u e l s o n , D.A. 70 S c h e e t z , R . W . 71 S h e a r e r , C.A. 3 7 , 7 2 S h e r w o o d , M . A . 73 S h i p l e y , G .L . 7 4 S m i t h , A . N . 88 S o l o m o n , W.R. 1 1 , 7 5 S p i e g e l , F . W . 7 6 S t e f f i n s , W.L. 4 4 S t e i n , L .A. 77 S t e w a r t , E . L . 6 3 , 7 8 , 8 7 T a n s e y , M.R. 79 T a p l e y , S . C . 80 T a y l o r , H . 56 T a y l o r , J . W . 81 T h a r p , T . P . 8 2 T h e r r i e n , C.D. 18 Thornson, K . 4 2 T r a p p e , J . M . 78 T r a v l a n d , L .B . 83 T r i e m e r , R .E . 2 4 U e c k e r , F.A. 8 4 U l l r i c h , R.C. 4 V i n o p a l , J . 85 W a r n e r , G . h!. 8 6 W a r n e r , G.W. 87 W e b e r , N.S. 88 W e l l s , K . 13 W i l l i a m s , G.lV. 1 2 W i n a n s , S . C . 2 2 Z e y e n , R . J . 6 3

#6 , Wehmeyer, Pyrenomycetous F u n g i , $20.00 from L u b r e c h t & C r a m e r , RFD 1, Box 227 , M o n t i c e l l o , NY 12701 ( r e g . p r i c e $32) .

#7 , M . B a r r , D i a p o r t h a l e s o f N . A . w i t h emphas i s on Gnomonia & i t s S e g r e g a t e s , i n p r e s s a t Cramer , w i l l b e a v a i l a b l e t o MSA members a t r e d u c e d p r i c e .

F o r s a l e by D a r r e l l - Cox ( a l l i n new c o n d i t i o n ) :

O v e r h o l t s , P o l y p o r a c e a e o f U.S. , A l a s k a , & Canada $12 .00 CMI P l a n t P a t h o l o g i s t s Pocke tbook 5 . 0 0 Den Ouden, Manual o f C u l t i v a t e d C o n i f e r s 1 2 . 5 0 G u g g i s b e r g , Wild c a t s o f t h e w o r l d 1 0 . 0 0 F i n k , L ichen F l o r a o f t h e U.S. 1 1 . 5 0

C . W . H e s s e l t i n e w i s h e s t o exchange r e p r i n t s on Mucora l e s and f o o d s p r e p a r e d by f e r m e n t a t i o n u s i n g m i c r o o r g a n i s m s .

C h a r l e s R . Manc la rk , 8800 R o c k v i l l e P i k e , Bureau o f B i o l o g i c s , B e t h e s d a , MD 20014 i s s e l l i n g unbound volumes 6 3 t h r o u g h 1 0 0 o f J o u r n a l o f B a c t e r i o l o g y . H e s a y s t o make him an o f f e r .

O la f K . R i b e i r o , 380 H i g h l a n d e r D r . , R i v e r s i d e , CA 92507 o f f e r s c h a r t s d e s c r i b i n g t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f Phytoph- t h o r a s p p . , i n two s i z e s : 8x11 i n , 50q e a c h , and 16x18 i n . , $4 .75 e a c h , p o s t p a i d .

Bryce K e n d r i c k ' s i l l u s t r a t i o n s o f 200 g e n e r a of Coelomycetes a r e a v a i l a b L e from him, a s F a s c i c l e s I - X o f " I c o n e s Generum Coelomycetum". The set c o s t s $26.

John L. Maas o f f e r s f o r s a l e t h e f o l l o w i n g : -- - Mycologla , v o l s . 6 0 & 6 3 , $5 p e r v o l .

v o l . 5 8 , # l ; v o l . 5 5 , # 1 , 5 , 6 ; $1 p e r number P h y t o p a t h o l o g y , v . 54 , #3-12, $1 p e r number o r $5 f o r a l l B.A. Rudolph, 1931 . V e r t i c i l l i u m hadromycos i s .

H i l g a r d i a 5 ( 9 ) : 197-361, $5. P a u l A . Z a h l , 1965 . B i z a r r e w o r l d of t h e f u n g i , N a t l .

Geog. 1 2 8 ( 4 ) , $1. W . R . Hunt , 1926 . U r e d i n a l e s o r r u s t s o f Conn. & o t h e r

New England S t a t e s . Conn. S t . Geo l . Na t . H i s t . S u r v . B u l l . 3 6 , 198 pp . $5.

G . H . Cunningham, 1923 . U r e d i n a l e s o f New Z e a l a n d , p t . 1, P u c c i n i a c e a e , T r i b e P u c c i n e a e . T r a n s . N e w Zeal . I n s t . 5 4 : 619-704.

S.M. Z e l - $ e ~ , 1939 . Developmenta l B io logy o f Alpova. O r . S t . Monogr. 2 . $3.

R . Sp rague & A . G . J o h n s o n , Spp. o f Selenophoma on N . A . g r a s s e s . Or . S t . Monogr. 1 0 , 4 3 p p , $5.

H.E. B l o s s is s e l l i n g :

Mycologia v . 62-70, $ 1 5 / v o l . ; P h y t o p a t h o l o g y v . 50-68, $ 1 5 / v o l .

Nan Spar row (Mrs. F .K. ) w i s h e s t o se l l some o f P r o f . S p a r r o w ' s r e p r i n t s and books . A l i s t and p r i c e s can b e o b t a i n e d by w r i t i n g h e r a t 1 9 2 2 Day S t . , Ann Arbor , M I 48104.

* J o h n H. H a i n e s r e p o r t s t h a t t h e NY S t a t e Museum s t i l l h a s -- a q u a n t i t y o f t h e o r i g i n a l S t a t e B o t a n i s t R e p o r t s b y C.H. P e c k f o r s a l e . C o n t a c t him. ( H a i n e s )

* The e d i t o r h a s r e c e i v e d a poem e n t i t l e d "Ode t o a f u n g u s " f r o m J a n e C. T r o l i n g e r , a g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t a t West V i r g i n i a U n i v e r s i t y . The e d i t o r i a l b o a r d o f t h e N e w s - l e t t e r a g r e e s t h a t i t i s t o o l e n g t h y t o r e p r i n t i n i t s e n t i r e t y . However, w e w i l l p r i n t t h e f i r s t two l i n e s b e l o w a s a s a m p l e :

"0 f u n g u s , o f u n g u s , A r t t h o u among u s ? Thou who m a k e s t mushrooms, p u f f b a l l s , b i r d ' s n e s t s , e a r t h s t a r s a n d s t i n k h o r n s . . . " Anyone w i s h i n g t h e f u l l t e x t o f t h i s c r e a t i o n c a n r e c e i v e o n e f r e e o f c h a r g e by s e n d i n g t h e e d i t o r a s e l f - a d d r e s s e d , s t a m p e d e n v e l o p e .

* F i l m s D e p a r t m e n t : J . F . Morgan-Jones s e n t t h e f o l l o l v i n g i n f o r m a t i c n a b o u t a new f i l m e n t i t l e d "The Moulds W e Lirre W i t h " .

r-- ; t .ie Dept . o f B o t a n y , U n i v . o f T o r o n t o , h z s j u s t

..- releas,::c! ' ,Tl-.e Youlds We L i v e W i t h " , a 16 min. c r ? l ; ~ ? u ~ f l lnrt a ' n o u ~ ; r'li:lzi. and horn t h e y a f f e c t o u r d a i l y l i v e . . - . The f i l m has ar! : n a g i n a t i v t . a p p r o a c h a n d in5e1.enz hur r~or . . I t d e t a i l s l s o i a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s a n d c u l t u r e m a i n t e n a n c e a n d i s a p p r o p r i a t e f o r f i r s t , y e a r b i o l o g y c o u r s e s . D - i : s t ~ - i S u t ~ ; d h y V i k i n g F i l m : L t d . , 525 D e n i s o n , hlarkharn, O n t a r i o , Canada . P h e n e 416-495-0522.

FRLLOI~SII IPS AhQ ASS I $STANTSHIPS AVAILABLSE -- -- --

a Assist s n t s h i p . ; ; ~ r e a v a i l a b l L e f a r g r a d u a t ~ s t u d e n t s a t t h e ! ' o i lowing i n s t i t ~ t i o n s :

! . i n i v e r s i t v s ) f ?)!sine - c o n t a c t c h a i r m z n , B ~ t a n y at?d P l a n t ~ a t h , ' ? l o ~ ~ D e p t . , Orono @I473

Wayne S t a t c U c l i ~ e r s i t ; ~ - Wm. T i n ~ b e r l a k e , U e p c . of B i o l o g y , Det~:oi . t , Mich. 48202 -. S y r a c u s e n n i v e r s i t g - I?a.vid G r i f f i n , Botliny D e p t . , C'oL1, of Eny-. . & F c r e s i r y , S y r a c u s e , NY 1.3210

E u ~ h o l c i t S t a t e TJnis.. - D a v i d L a . r g e n t , D e p t . o f B i o l o g y , A r c a t a , CA 9 5 5 2 1

T e x a s T e c h U n i v e r s i t y --- C a r y l H e i n t x , B i o l . S c i e n c e s , Llubbock, TX 79409

S o u x h e r n I l l i n o i s Univ . - W . J . S u n d b e r g , D e p t . o f Bot .any, C a r b o n d a l e , I L 6 2 9 0 1

W r i g h t S t a t e U n i v . - H a r o l d Re l l e r , D e p t . o f M l c r o b i o ! o g y & I~nrnunology, D a y t o n , OH 4 5 4 3 1

* The N e w York B o t a n i c a l Garden h a s a v a i l a b l e f o r a d v a n c e d p r e d o c t o r a l s t u d y t h e G e r t r u d e S . B u r l i n g h a m F e l l o w s h i p i n Mycology f o r 1 9 7 8 a n d 1 9 7 9 . The s t i p e n d i s $1000 t o 1 5 0 0 . Work may b e g i n a t a n y t i m e a f t e r J u l y 1, 1 9 7 8 a n d c a n

c o n t i n u e f o r up t o 3 mon ths . G r a d u a t e s t u d e n t s i n mycology who n e e d t o u s e t h e h e r b a r i u m , l a b o r a t o r y , and l i b r a r y o f t h e Garden a r e e s p e c i a l l y u r g e d t o a p p l y f o r t h e s e f e l l o w s h i p s . F i e l d work c a n b e combined w i t h s t u d i e s a t t h e Ga rden . Send n o m i n a t i o n s o r a p p l i c a t i o n s t o C l a r k R o g e r s o n , NY B o t a n i c a l G a r d e n , B ronx , NY 10458 . Two l e t t e r s o f s u p p o r t s h o u l d a c - company t h e a p p l i c a t i o n .

POSITIONS WANTED

* The f o l l o w i n g a r e s e e k i n g m y c o l o g i c a l l y r e l a t e d j o b s :

D a v i d P . M u e h l e i s e n - 23-3 Tamaron D r . , Waldwick, N J 07463 . ~ e c e n t - M . S . f r om Clemson U n i v e r s i t y w i t h C l y d e U m p h l e t t . S p e c i f i c i n t e r e s t s i n "Phycomycetes" and i n s e c t p a t h o g e n s s u c h as Lagen id ium g i g a n t e u m .

* W i l l i a m J a s p e r s , 111, 1 5 0 1 E a s t B u r n s v i l l e C r o s s t o w n , Apt . 515A, B u r n s v i l l e , Minn. 55337 - would l i k e j o b i n v o l v i n g c h e m i c a l a n a l y s i s o f w i l d mushrooms f o r t o x i n s a n d / o r n u t r i t i o n a l a n a l y s i s . A l s o i n t e r e s t e d i n commerc ia l c u l t u r e o f p r e s e n t l y w i l d s p e c i e s . P r e f e r s <job i n M i n n e s o t a , b u t would c o n s i d e r o t h e r s . Two B.S. d e g r e e s f r om U n i v e r s i t y o f M i n n e s o t a , 1 9 7 6 : Food S c i e n c e w i t h c h e m i s t r y e m p h a s i s , and p l a n t and Animal P r o t e c t i o n .

* Pramod - K . Gaur - Botany D e p t . Univ . o f K a n s a s , Lawrence , KS 66045 . W i l l r e c e i v e Ph.D. D e c . , ' 7 8 w i t h Bob L i c h t w a r d t . I n t e r e s t e d i n p o s t d o c t o r a l , a c a d e m i c , o r i n d u s t r i a l p o s i t i o n S t a r t i n g d a t e , J a n . , ' 7 9 . D i s s e r t a t i o n i n c l u d e s a method f o r r a p i d i d e n t i f i c a t i o n and d i r e c t i s o l a t i o n o f a l l o z y m i c and o t h e r p h e n o t y p i c v a r i a t i o n s i n n x t l l r a l p o p u l a t i o n s o f H i s t o p l a s m a c a p s u l a t u m . --

PERSONALS

* D e a t h s :

W i l l i a m - C . S o l h e i m , f o r m e r MSB w e s t e r n c o u n c i l o r and r e s e a r - c h m y c o l o g i s t , t e a c h e r , d e p a r t m e n t h e a d , and dean a t z h e Univcr - - s i t y o f Wyoming o v e r a s p a n o f n e a r l y 50 y e a r s , d i e d i n 1,aramri.e on May 1 5 , 1 9 7 8 . H i s p e r s o n a l m y c o l o g i c a l h e r b a r i u m c o n t a i n i n g a b o u t 5 0 , 0 0 0 s p e c i m e n s h a s been g i v e n t o t h e Depa r tmen t o f Bo t any and w i l l b e housed i n a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h t h e Roclcy Mounta in H e r b a r i u m . A W . G . S o l h e i m S c h o l a r s h i p Fund e s t a b l i s h e d i n h i s memory i s c u r r e n t l y a c c e p t i n g c o n t r i - b u t i o n s . I t w i l l b e a d m i n i s t e r e d by t h e U n i v e r s i t y and t h e D e p a r t m e n t . H e i s s u r v i v e d by h i s w i f e , R a g n h i l d .

Ru th Mar ion H o r n e r Arno ld d i e d on J u n e 1, 1978 a t t h e O t t a w a C i v i c H o s p i t a l . She is s u r v i v e d by her h u s b a n d , D r . J ohn A r n o l d , h e r m o t h e r , Mrs. Haze l Horne r o f London, O n t a r i o , and b r o t h e r , V i c t o r H . H o r n e r . Ruth was a k e e n n a t u r a l i s t and s p e c i a l i z e d on t h e l i f e h i s t o r i e s and taxonomy o f p y r e n o - m y c e t e s on t rees and s h r u b s . She collaborated i n s t u d i e s o f

t r e e d i s e a s e s , n o t a b l y b i r c h d i e - b a c k . S h e s t u d i e d w i t h D r . J . H . Miller a t G e o r g i a a n d w i t h D r . L . E . Wehmeyer a t M i c h i g a n , w o r k i n g o n taxonomy o f X y l a r i a c e a e . S h e h a d more r e c e n t l y s t u d i e d c o l l e c t i o n s a t Commonwealth M y c o l o g i c a l I n s t i t u t e , K e w . S h e g r a d u a t e d f r o m U n i v e r s i t y o f W e s t e r n O n t a r i o i n 1 9 4 4 , a n d r e c e i v e d h e r M a s t e r ' s d e g r e e i n 1 9 4 8 . @ h e j o i n e d t h e s t a f f o f A g r i c u l t u r e Canada i n 1 9 4 6 a n d , u n t i l h e r d e a t h , w a s a member o f t h e Mycology S e c t i o n o f t h e B i o s y s t e m a t i c s R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e . Her f r i e n d s w i l l remember h e r g e n e r o u s s p i r i t a n d c o n c e r n f o r t h e w e l f a r e o f o t h e r s .

* H o n o r s , a w a r d s , a n d p r o m o t i o n s :

Doug S a v i l e w a s a w a r d e d t h e D . S c . ( H o n o r i s c a u s a ) by M c G i l l U n i v e r s i t y , J u n e 3 , 1 9 7 8 .

O l l i e C . W i l l i a m s o n w a s a p p o i n t e d c h a i r m a n o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f ~ i o r o ~ y a t T u s k e g e e I n s t i t u t e i n Alabama i n A u g u s t , 1 9 7 7 .

E s t e l l e L e v e t i n w a s p r o m o t e d t o A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r o f B o t a n y a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f T u l s a .

R o b e r t A . F r o m t l i n g won t h e G r a d u a t e D e a n ' s R e s e a r c h P r i z e f o r the-2nd c o n s ~ c u t i v e y e a r a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Oklahoma H e a l t h S c i e n c e s C e n t e r ~ E a d u a t e R e s e a r c h Day h e l d i n M a r c h , 1 9 7 8 . H i s e x h i b i t was t i t l e d " C r y p t o c o c c u s n e o f o r m a n s , a f u n g u s t h a t c a u s e s f a t a l b r a i n d i s e a s e " .

Duane L e T o u r n e a u , f o r t h e s e c o n d t i m e , r e c e i v e d t h e R . M . Wade a w a r d f o r e x c e l l e n c e i n t e a c h i n g i n t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f I d a h o C o l l e g e o f A g r i c u l t u r e .

C h a r l e s S . Hodges h a s b e e n named D i r e c t o r o f t h e I n s t i t u t e o f ~ a c i f T c I s l a n d s F o r e s t r y , a f i e l d u n i t o f t h e USDA F o r e s t S e r v i c e i n H o n o l u l u .

C . J . A l e x o p o u l o s , l a s t F e b r u a r y , was e l e c t e d t o C o r r e s p o n d i n g Membership i n t h e p r e s t i g i o u s Academy o f A t h e n s .

A . T s u n e d a h a s b e e n a w a r d e d a N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l o f - Canada v i s i t i n g f e l l o w s h i p t o work w i t h D r . Y . H i r a t s u k a a t t h e N o r t h e r n F o r e s t R e s e a r c h C e n t r e , Edmonton, A l b e r t a , C a n a d a .

C a r y l H e i n t z was p r o m o t e d t o A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r a t T e x a s T e c h U n i v e r s i t y e f f e c t i v e F a l l , 1 9 7 8 .

* B i r t h

E s t e l l e L e v e t i n ( A v e r y ) a n d A l l a n Avery a n n o u n c e t h e b i r t h o f t h e i r d a u g h t e r D e b o r a h G a i l o n Dec. 25 , 1 9 7 7 .

* R e t i r e m e n t s

0. V a a r t a j a h a s r e t i r e d f r o m t h e Canada D e p a r t m e n t o f - A g r i c u l t u r e R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n a t Har row, O n t a r i o . H i s c o l - l e c t i o n o f P y t h i u m s p p . a n d o t h e r f u n g i h a s b e e n t r a n s f e r - r e d t o t h e B i o s y s t e m a t i c s R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e , O t t a w a .

Leon Kneebone , P r o f e s s o r o f B o t a n y a n d P l a n t P a t h o l o g y a t t h e P e n n s y l v a n i a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , p l a n s t o r e t i r e O c t o b e r 1 , 1 9 7 8 a f t e r 32 y e a r s on t h e f a c u l t y . H e w i l l c o n t i n u e t o s e r v e as c o n s u l t a n t t o t h e c o m m e r c i a l mushroom i n d u s t r y .

* P a p e r s p r e s e n t e d

P.K. G a u r , a t t h e F i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l H i s t o p l a s m o s i s Con- -- f e r e n c e , A t l a n t a , A p r i l . 1 0 - 1 2 , 1 9 7 8 , p r e s e n t e d a p a p e r o n " R a p i d D e t e c t i o n o f H i s t o p l a s m a i n f e s t e d s o i l s a n d d i r e c t i s o l a t i o n o f t h e f u n g u s f o r s t u d i e s o f n a t u r a l p o p u l a t i o n s . "

Nancy - K . - H a l l w i l l g i v e a p a p e r on "Immune m o n i t o r i n g i n B l a s t o m y c o s i s " a t t h e X I 1 I n t e r n a t i o n a l M i c r o b i o l o g y C o n g r e s s i n Munich i n S e p t e m b e r .

L e w i s B. Lockwood c h a i r e d o n e s e c t i o n o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l ~ e r m e n t a t i o n symposium, Mar. 4-6, 1 9 7 8 , i n I n d i a .

J i m T r a p p e r e c e n t l y l e c t u r e d on h y p o g e o u s f u n g i a n d mycor- - r h i z a e a t E r i n d a l e C o l l e g e a n d t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y , U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o .

H a r o l d Ke l le r , a s p a r t o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Day ton V i s i t i n g S p e a k e r s S e r i e s , s p o k e t h e r e on " S l i m e l,!olds i n t h e T r e e - t o p s " . He a l s o p r e s e n t e d a l e c t u r e a n d workshop on " S t a l k i n g t h e Wi ld Mushroom" on March 3 1 a n d A p r i l 1 a t t h e Land I n s t i t u t e a t S a l i n a , K a n s a s .

* V i s i t s , T r a v e l s , Changes i n A f f i l i a t i o n

I . L . C o n n e r s p l a n s t o t a k e up r e s i d e n c e w i t h h i s d a u g h t e r Mrs. P a u l C r a n e i n L a f a y e t t e , I n d i a n a b e g i n n i n g i n S e p t . T h e r e h e p l a n s t o c o n t i n u e h i s c o m p i l a t i o n o f g e n e r i c names o f f u n g i w h i c h h a s e n g r o s s e d him f o r t h e p a s t f i f t e e n y e a r s a n d w h i c h now c o n t a i n s c l o s e t o 6 , 0 0 0 g e n e r a . H e h a s p l a n s t o beoome i n v o l v e d i n r e l a t e d work w h i c h w i l l b e u s e f u l t o J o e Hennen a t t h e A r t h u r H e r b a r i u m a t P u r d u e U n i v e r s i t y t h e r e .

Gordon N e i s h w i l l t a k e up d u t i e s i n J u n e , 1 9 7 8 a t t h e B i o s y s t e m a t i c s R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e a t O t t a w a , w h e r e h e w i l l s t u d y t h e taxonomy o f f u u g i t h a t p r o d u c e m y c o t o x i n s .

J o h n Cooke r e t u r n s t o t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C o n n e c t i c u t a t t h e e n d o f J u n e a f t e r s p e n d i n g 6 months s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e a t t h e B i o s y s t e m a t i c s R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e , O t t a w a , s t u d y i n g Hypho- m y c e t e s w i t h S . J . Hughes .

P h y l l i s B u c k r i d g e h a s r e t u r n e d t o t e a c h i n g a t E v e r e t t Com- m u n i t y C o l l e g e i n W a s h i n g t o n a f t e r a o n e y e a r s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e s p e n t a s a s t u d e n t i n t h e D e p t . o f P l a n t P a t h o l o g y a t W a s h i n g t o n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y .

R o b e r t F o g e l h a s a c c e p t e d t h e A s s i s t a n t C u r a t o r p o s i t i o n a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n H e r b a r i u m .

L e s l i e P. K i s h , f o r m e r l y o f t h e Dept . o f Entomology a t t h e ~ n i v e r s r t ~ o f F l o r i d a , is now w i t h t h e Dept . o f Entomology a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Idaho .

R e g i n a l d H a s k i n s was v i s i t e d by B r i d g e and V i v i a n Cooke J u n e 7 & 8 ( t h e y w e r e e n r o u t e t o A l a s k a ) ; he a l s o r e p o r t s a v i s i t by D r . V . Vancura , Czechos lovak Academy o f s c i e n c e s , w i t h m i c r o b i o l o g i s t s a t t h e P r a i r i e R e g i o n a l L a b o r a t o r y and t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f S a s k a t o o n , J u n e 9-14.

C h a r l e s E. Miller w i l l s pend 4 months i n t h e L a b o r a t o i r e d e c e c e d E l o g i e , I n s t i t u t e de B o t a n i q u e , S t r a s b o u r g , F r a n c e b e g i n n i n g i n J u l y , 1978 .

S.K. H a s i j a w i l l v i s i t Hungary f o r 6 months u n d e r t h e c u l t u r a l exchange program, on a l e c t u r e and s t u d y t o u r . H e l e f t J a n u a r y , 1978 , and r e t u r n s i n J u l y .

L. L e i g h t l e y , a Resea rch F e l l o w i n t h e Dep t . o f Botany a t - U n i v e r s i t y o f Q u e e n s l a n d , A u s t r a l i a , is s t u d y i n g s o f t r o t f u n g i a t t a c k i n g p r e s e r v a t i v e - t r e a t e d e u c a l y p t u s - t r a n s m i s s i o n p o l e s . ~ e f o r e - b k g i n n i n g t h e r e he worked w i t h E. B. G a r e t h J o n e s on t h e e c o l o g y and decay mechanisms o f a q u a t i c f u n g i .

Orson Miller w i l l v i s i t Roy W a t l i n g i n S c o t l a n d i n Sep tember .

J . Page L indsey i s now A s s i s t a n t P r o f e s s o r o f B i o l o g y a t - F o r t Lewis C o l l e g e , Durango, Co lo rado .

David Hos fo rd p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e f i r s t e x p e d i t i o n o f t h e F l o r a Amazonica p r o j e c t i n N o r t h e r n B r a z i l f rom O c t . 26 t o D e c . 1 7 , 1977 . H e was r e c e n t l y i n v i t e d a s g u e s t m y c o l o g i s t by t h e Oregon Myco log ica l S o c i e t y and a d d r e s s e d them on "Rhizopogon o f t h e Nor thwes t , and Myco log ica l M i s c e l l a n y o f t h e Amazon B a s i n . " H e wasb a l s o s e l e c t e d a s O u t s t a n d i n g E d u c a t o r o f America f o r t h e t h i r d t i m e i n 7 y e a r s .

Kenneth Wells w i l l b e s p e n d i n g h i s s a b b a t i c a l l e a v e ( S e p t . 1 , 1978 - J u n e 30 , 1979) i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y o f R . J . Bandoni a t U n i v e r s i t y o f B r i t i s h Columbia, Vancouver .

Dick Korf w i l l t a k e a 2-month s t u d v l e a v e from C o r n e l l from -- bug. 10-Oct. 1 0 t o b e w i t h Henry ~ ; ~ s i n ~ a t t h e I n s t i t u t f o r S p o r e n p l a n t e r i n Copenhagen. They w i l l c o l l e c t t o g e t h e r i n ~ o k w a ~ n o r t h o f t h e k r c t i c circle, and a t t e n d t h e Nord ic Myco log ica l Congres s i n F i n l a n d and t h e European Myco log ica l Congres s i n Hungary.

W . J . Sundberg w i l l s pend September t h r o u g h J a n u a r y c o l l e c t i n g L e p i o t a i n t h e P a c i f i c Coas t S t a t e s .

H.E. B l o s s r e c e n t l y comple t ed a s a b b a t i c a l a t Wa i t e I n s t i t u t e , Sou th A u s t r a l i a , work ing w i t h A l l e n Kerr.

H a r o l d K e l l e r w i l l now b e p a r t o f t h e D e p t . o f M i c r o b i o l o g y a n d Immunology a n d A s s i s t a n t D i r e c t o r o f U n i v e r s i t y R e s e a r c h S e r v i c e s a t W r i g h t S t a t e Univ .

MISCELLANEOUS

* S t u d e n t s a n d c o l l e a g u e s o f C . J . A l e x o p o u l o s h a v e e s t a b l i s h e d a r e s e a r c h p r i z e i n h i s h o n o r t o b e awarded a n n u a l l y b y t h e MSA. The f i r s t award w i l l b e made a t t h e m e e t i n g o f t h e s o c i e t y i n G e o r g i a i n A u g u s t . P e r s o n s w i s h i n g t o c o n t r i b u t e a d d i t i o n a l f u n d s c a n do s o b y s e n d i n g c h e c k s p a y a b l e t o " M y c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a , A l e x o p o u l o s Fund" t o H . C . A l d r i c h , D e p t . o f M i c r o b i o l o g y & C e l l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a , G a i n e s v i l l e 32611 . P r o f e s s o r A l e x o p o u l o s w i l l b e n o t i f i e d o f t h e names o f d o n o r s .

* To h o n o r t h e l a t e F .K. S p a r r o w , t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n h a s d e s i g n a t e d a b u i l d i n g a t t h e B i o l o g i c a l S t a t i o n t o b e a r h i s name. I n a d d i t i o n , a memor ia l f u n d i s b e i n g r a i s e d i n h i s h o n o r . T h i s c o u l d p r o v i d e e q u i p m e n t f o r t h e l a b o r a t o r y , a l e c t u r e s e r i e s , o r s t u d e n t s c h o l a r s h i p s i n mycology a t t h e B i o l o g i c a l S t a t i o n . C o n t r i b u t i o n s f o r t h e F .K. S p a r r o w Memor ia l Fund may b e s e n t t o R o b e r t A . P a t e r s o n , D e p t . o f B i o l o g y , V i r g i n i a P o l y t e c h n i c ~ n s t i t u t e and S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , B l a c k s b u r g , VA 2 4 0 6 1 o r t o D r . Dav id M . G a t e s , D i r e c t o r , B i o l o g i c a l S t a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n , Ann A r b o r , M I 4 8 1 0 4 .

* The j o u r n a l M c I l v a n e a , a p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e N o r t h American M y c o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n , i s s u e s a c a l l f o r a r t i c l e s o f i n t e r e s t t o a m a t e u r s . Keys t o s p e c i e s a r e n e e d e d a s a r e s t o r i e s o f un- u s u a l c o l l e c t i o n s , t e c h n i q u e s i n l a b a n d f i e l d , e t c . F o r f u r - t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n , c o n t a c t NAMA, 4245 R e d i n g e r R d . , P o r t s m o u t h , O h i o 4 5 6 6 2 .

* - - K u r t R . D a h l b e r g , w i n n e r o f t h e 1977-78 MSA G r a d u a t e F e l l o w s h i p , s e n d s tKe f o l l o w i n g e x p r e s s i o n o f g r a t i t u d e :

I w i s h t o t h a n k t h e M y c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f Amer ica f o r t h e 1977-78 LISA G r a d u a t e F e l l o w s h i p a w a r d e d t o m e t h i s p a s t y e a r . T h i s award h a s a s s i s t e d n le i n a t t e n d i n g t h e S e c o n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l R l y c o l o g i c a l C o n g r e s s , t h e 1 9 7 8 A m . S o c . f o r M i c r o b i o l o g y m e e t i n g , and w i l l a l l o w m e t o a t t e n d t h e 1 9 7 8 MSA/AIBS m e e t i n g , w h e r e I w i l l p r e s e n t d a t a o b t a i n e d d u r i n g t h e t e n u r e o f t l i s a w a r d . W h i l e t h e f i n a n c i a l a s p e c t o f t h i s award h a s a l l o w e d m e t o a t t e n d v a r i o u s m e e t i n g s a n d o b t a i n t h e a s s o c i a t e d e d u c a t i o n a l and s o c i a l b e n e f i t s , I am p a r t i c u l a r l y g r a t e f u l t o t h e M y c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y f o r r e c o g n i z i n g my r e s e a r c h e f f o r t s . I a p p r e c i a t e t h a t my work i s c o n s i d e r e d p r o m i s i n g , a n d I hope t o c o n t i n u e a t a c a l i b e r c o n s i s t e n t w i t h M y c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y s t a n d a r d s .

* Kent McKnight h a s i n f o r m e d u s o f t h e names o f t h e MSA d e l e g a t e s t o t h e I n t e r s o c i e t y C o l o r C o u n c i l . They a r e a s f c l l o w s : Ken t H . McKnight , W . I . I l l m a n , M a r t i n K u l i k , O r s o n K . M i l l e r , R .L . S h a f f e r a n d W i l l i a m C i b u l a . McKnight i s d e l e g a t i o n

c h a i r m a n , and v o t i n g d e l e g a t e s a r e K u l i k and C i b u l a .

* The B r a z i l i a n S o c i e t y o f M i c r o b i o l o g y announces t h e a v a i l a - b i l i t y o f t h e S c h e r i n g Award i n M i c r o b i o l o g y , t o r e w a r d and s u p p o r t f i n a n c i a l l y s c i e n t i s t s and t e c h n o l o g i s t s d e a l i n g w i t h v i r u s e s , b a c t e r i a , f u n g i , a l g a e , and p r o t o z o a n s . I t w i l l b e made t o s t u d e n t s work ing toward t h e i r M.S. o r Ph.D. i n c e n t e r s o f f i c i a l l y r e c o g n i z e d by t h e B r a z i l i a n F e d e r a l C o u n c i l o f E d u c a t i o n . The n a t u r e o f t h e award is $300 US, f o r p u r c h a s e o f s c i e n t i f i c l i t e r a t u r e , t o t h e s t u d e n t ; and $2700 f o r t r a v e l e x p e n s e s f o r t h e s t u d e n t ' s a d v i s o r t o go f o r a t l e a s t 8 weeks t o a f o r e i g n l a b o r a t o r y f o r u p d a t i n g o r j o i n t p r o j e c t d e v e l o p - ment . D e a d l i n e t h i s y e a r was A p r i l 30 , and w i l l l i k e l y b e s i m i l a r f o r n e x t y e a r ' s award . F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n c a n b e o b t a i n e d f rom J . S . F u r t a d o , I n s t i t u t o d e B o t a n i c a , C a i x a P o s t a l 4005 , O l O O O Sao P a u l o , SP , B r a z i l .

* C h e s t e r R . Benjamin a d v i s e s u s t h a t a s p a r t o f t h e USDA's r e o r g a n i z a t i o n , f o u r a g e n c i e s , t h e A g r i c u l t u r a l R e s e a r c h S e r v i c e , and t h e N a t i o n a l A g r i c u l t u r a l L i b r a r y have been com- b i n e d i n t o a s i n g l e u n i t , t h e S c i e n c e and E d u c a t i o n Adminis- t r a t i o n . Under t h e new o r g a n i z a t i o n , t h e o l d ARS is now known a s t h e F e d e r a l R e s e a r c h p o r t i o n o f SEA, a b b r e v i a t e d a s SEA/FR.

* We r e c e n t l y r e c e i v e d a copy o f t h e Mycena News, p u b l i s h e d by t h e M y c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f San F r a n c i s c o , i n wh ich P a u l V e r g e e r c r i t i c i z e s a r e c e n t Mycologia book r e v i e w . We r e p r o d u c e i t h e r e w i t h o u t comment, and w i l l o f f t e r s p a c e i n f u t u r e i s s u e s f o r r e p l y .

COMMENTS ON A MYCOLOGIA BOOK REVIEW

The November-December 1977 i s s u e o f F,IYCOLOGIA c a r r i e d a b r i e f r e v i e w ( p . 1256) o f S t e v e n H . P o l l o c k ' s 64 p g . book- l e t t i t l e d MAGIC- F ~ U S H R O O M CULTIVATION. I t r e a d a s f o l l o w s : " F i f t e e n g o r g e o u s c o l o r p l a t e s o f p s y c h o t r o p i c mushrooms grace t h i s g u i d e t o p u r e mushroom c u l t i v a t i o n . I t is c l e a r

z h a t t h i s w i l l b e t h e d e f i n i t i v e t e x t f o r t h o s e i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l u s e o f h a l l u c i n o g e n i c f u n g i . "

I would l i k e t o a s k why t h e E d i t o r i a l Board o f t h i s p r e s t i g i o u s j o u r n a l t h i n k s i t n e c e s s a r y t o r e v i e w o n e i i n a f l o o d o f r e c e n t p u b l i c a t i o n s on t h e supposed b e n e f i t s o f h a l l u c i n o g e n i c mushroom i n g e s t i o n . P o l l o c k ' s book is v e r y s i m i l a r t o o t h e r s o f t h a t g e n r e i n t e x t , s i z e , f o r m a t , e t c . P e r h a p s t h e f a c t t h a t t h e a u t h o r happens t o b e a p h y s i c i a n , a s w e l l a s a member o f t h e Myco log ica l S o c i e t y o f Amer ica , may have g i v e n t h e e n t h u s i a s t i c r e v i e w e r t h e i m p r e s s i o n t h a t s o m e t h i n g new and p r o f e s s i o n a l l y r e s p o n s i b l e had been w r i t t e n ?

D r . P o l l o c k r e c e n t l y l e f t t h e Depar tment o f Pha rmaco logy , U n i v e r s i t v o f T e x a s . t o form h i s own H e r b a l Med ic ine R e s e a r c h ~ o u n d a t i o n . I n MAGIC MUSHROOM CULTIVATION he g i v e s d e t a i l e d i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t P s i l o c y b e c u l t u r e t e c h n i q u e s . The o n l y "new h i n t " p e r t a i n s t o g rowing P . c u b e n s i s on r i ce c a k e s . The c o l o r i l l u s t r a t i o n s a r e good b u t h a r d l y " g o r g e o u s , " and t h e b l a c k and w h i t e d r a w i n g s by Robin K l a u s e a r e m e d i o c r e t o p o o r .

1 8

The f i n a l c h a p t e r , e n t i t l e d "The Magic Mushroom A g a p e , " c o n t a i n s some r e c i p e s : w e are t o l d how t o mix a p s y c h e d e l i c b e v e r a g e c a l l e d t h e " s m o o t h i e " u s i n g m i l k , b a n a n a s , h o n e y , o r c h o c o l a t e , a n d , o f c o u r s e , "magic mushrooms. I ' A l s o " s t r a w - b e r r y p s i l o c y b i n " c a n b e made by m i x i n g t h e mushrooms w i t h f r e s h s t r a w b e r r i e s , ice and p e r h a p s c innamon, c l o v e s , o r n u t - meg. \ a i l e a l l t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n m i g h t s u g g e s t q u i t e a n i n - t r i g u i n g t r e a t f o r t h e t e e n - a g e e x p e r i m e n t e r , i t is q u e s t i o n - a b l e r e v i e w m a t e r i a l f o r MYCOLOGIA, e s p e c i a l l y i n l i g h t o f t h e f a c t t h a t s p a c e f o r r e v i e w s is l i m i t e d a n d s e v e r a l mvco- l o g i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n s h a v e n o t y e t b e e n r e v i e w e d ( f o r i n s t a n d e , t h e L a r g e n t se r ies o n HOW TO IDENTIFY MUSHROOMS TO GENUS).

P a u l V e r g e e r

HUMOR ( ? ) DEPARTMENT

* We were f r a n t i c a b o u t t h e l a c k o f any c o n t r i b u t i o n s f o r t h i s s p a c e , u n t i l o n t h e l a s t day a t t h e l a s t moment d u r i n g a b s o l u t e f i n a l t y p i n g o f t h e N e w l e t t e r , t h e m a i l b r o u g h t t h i s gem:

D e f i n i t i o n o f s c a t o l o g y : C l o s e e n c o u n t e r s o f t h e t u r d k i n d !

Our t h a n k s t o G.F . O r r f o r b a i l i n g u s o u t . --

THE MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Application for Membership

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Date on which you wish your membership to begin: January 1. 19.--

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Any person Interested in the study of fungi is eligible for membership. Annual dues of Regular Members are $15.00. A special annual rate of $8.00, for a maximum of 5 years, is provided for a member enrolled as a student. Regular and student members receive MYCOLOGIA and the MSA NEWSLETTER, may part~cipate fully in the annual meeting, may submit papers for publ~cation in MYCOLOGIA, and may vote and hold of:ice in the Society.

Annual dues for Associate Members are $5.00. These members recetve the MSA NEWSLE'TTER and may present one paper at the annual meetlng of the Society. They do not receive MYCOLOGIA or have other privileges of membership (!nformat~on about Life Membership may be obtained from the Secretary-Treasurer.)

Membership may begin either on January 1 of the current year or on next January 1.

Mail t h ~ s application along with a check, money order, or bank draft in U.S. Funds covering the first year's dues to:

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