mycology identification
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Mycology identification
Moulds with holoblastic conidia
Aureobasidium rare infection in immunocompromisedSporothrix schenckii sporotrichosis
Cladophialophora Chromoblastomycosis
Cladosporium Onychomycosis
Skin infection?
Fonsecaea pedrosoi Chromoblastmycosis
Rhinocladiella Rare Pheohyphomycosis
Ramichloridium Pheohyphomycosis
Ochroconis rare S/c or deep infection
Alternaria Cut/depp inf in immunocompromised
Ulocladium rare
Curvularia KeratitisSinusitis
Deep inf in immunocompromised
Bipolaris Deep inf in immunocompromised
Exserohilum Deep inf in immunocompromised
Moulds with enteroblastic conidia
Aspergillus flavus Sinus infection
Disseminated/ Deep infection in immunocompromised
Aspergillus fumigates Localised sinus, lung infectionDissemianated/Deep infection in immunocompromised
Aspergillus glaucus Rare Human disease
Aspergillus nidulans Pale grain mycetoma
Deep infection in immunocompromised
Aspergillus versicolor Rare Onychomycosis
Aspergillus ustus rare Human disease
Aspergillus niger Otomycosis
Deep infection in immunocompromised
Aspergillus terreus Onychomycosis
Otomycosis
Deep infection in immunocompromisedA candidus Onychomycosis
Otomychosis
Penicilium marneffei Disseminated inf in HIV, travel/live in SE Asia
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Onychomycosis
Deep infection in immunocompromised
Paecilomyces lilacinus Post surgical endophthalmitisoutbreak
Deep infection in immunocompromised
Paecillomyces variotii Rare Deep infection in immunocompromised
Enteroblastic conidia wet mass
Cylindrocarpon rare Human infection
Fusarium dimerum Corneal infection
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Rare Disseminated inf in immunocompromised
Fusarium semitectum Rare Human infection
Fusarium miniliforme Corneal infection
Disseminated inf in immunocompromised
Fusarium oxysporum Corneal infection
Nail infection
Disseminated inf in immunocompromised
Fusarium solani Corneal infection
Nail infection
Localised deep infection
Disseminated inf in immunocompromised
Acremonium strictum Rare Human disease
Acremonium kiliense
rare
Pale grain mycetoma
Disseminated/deep inf in immunocompromised
Lecythospora rare Pheohyphomycosis
Scedosporium prolificans Disseminated/deep inf in immunocompromised
Scedosporim apispermum Pale grain mycetoma
Pneumonia after drowning
Localised deep infection
Disseminated inf in immunocompromised
Colonise CF
Phialophora parasitica S/C or deep phaeohyphomycosis
Disseminated inf in immunocompromised
Phialophora richardsia Rare S/C phaeohyphomycosis
Phialophora verrucosa Common
Rare
Chromoblastomycosis
Disseminated inf in immunocompromised
Phaeoannellomyces werneckii Tinea nigra
Exophiala spinifera S/C or deep phaeohyphomycosis
Exophiala dermatitidis S/C or deep phaeohyphomycosis
Coloniser in CF
Exophiala jeanselmei Black grain mycetoma
Phaeohyphomycosis in IC
Mucorales
Cuninghamella bertholletiae Rare
Absidia corymbifera Mucormycosis in IC
Rhizomucor pusillus rare Mucormycosis
Mucor circinelloides rare
Rhizopus microsporus MucormycosisRhizopus arrhizus common Mucormycosis
Mucor hiemalis Very rare Mostly environmental
Basidiobolus ranarum Chronic s/c inf of trunk and limb
tropical/Africa/SE Asi
Conidiobolus Chronic rhinofacial infectionrain forrest of
Africa and america
Pythium insidisum Rare S/C infection
Apophysomyces elegans Rare mucormycosis
Saksenaea vasiformis rare mucormycosisMortierella
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Tinea
Microsporum, epidermophyton, Trichophyton
Scytalidium hyalinum
Scytalidium has typical colonyfluffy whiteexclude, look for arthrospore
Others should have Aleurispore
A single terminal spore develops at the end of the conidiophores. It get separated and the condiophore retains
a scar. No other spore develops there. The next spore develops from a branch below it. The detached spore
has a large flat base.
Note down
Colour of the colonywhite, cream, brown, purple tinge
Consistencygranular, suede
Edgeglabrous
Backbrown, red, white, yellow, orange
Back- sharply define not sharply definedMicroscopyMacroconidia mostly, sparse
Macroconidiasmooth/rough surface, beak present/absent
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Microconidiashapesmall, large, circular, ovoid, club shaped,
Microconidiabroad base, narrow base
Hyphaelook for spiral hyphae
1. Now look for macroconidia
2. Outer surface has some roughnessthink Microsporum
Rough = Think Microsporum
Smooth
3. Look for a terminal beak in the macroconidia
No beak = M gypseum/fulvum
Terminal beak presentThink M
canis/equinumif macroconidia large (>6 cell)= canis;
if small equinum
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4.If smooth macroconidia (usually less abundant) present - Look at colony
Khaki brown
to greenish
yellow colony
Ideally like this Think Epidermophyton floccosum
Colony may
look like this in young culture.
Causes - tinea pedis, tinea cruris,tinea corporis and onychomycosis
Tr Itraconazole, terbinafine,
Greseofulvin
White cream
or clear
yellow
colony,( even
pink!)
Trichophyton terrestre
contaminant, clinically not relevant
Colony has
some purple
colour
May not show typical feature
Trichophyton rubrum granular form.
Look for macro and microconidia, if
time permits
May cause tinea capitis, corporis or
pedis
5. If mainly microconidia are visible -----
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6. Look for spiral hyphaeMicrosporum persicolor
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton interdigitale
No spiral hyphae
7. If spiral hyphae present, look at microconidia structure and colony
Widebased microconidia +/-branches
Microsporum persicolor
Urease +
Narrow base microconidia , colony has a
granular appearance = T mentagrophytes
AdvUrease +, hair perforation test
(T rubrumurease neg mostly)
Narrow based round shaped microconidia
, suede like colony, reverse may be
cream or if brownnot sharply defined
= T interdigitale
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8. If no spiral hyphae seenlook at the edge of the colonyDoes the colony has yellow glabrous fringe edge? T soudanese, equinum, interdigitale noduler or
erinacei
No fringe edge
T interdigitale, rubrum, interdigitale downy, rubrum
granuler, tonsurans, erinacei
9. If the glabrous edge is presentlook at the back of the colony and ask howlong it is been incubating (also slow growing T soudanese is seen in Africa)
Slow growing (take more then 1 week) T soudanese
Fast growinglook reversedark brown? T equinum
Fast growinglook reversedeep orange? T interdigitale nodular
Fast growinglook reversebright yellow? T erinacei
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10.If no glabrous edgelook at back of the colony, colony colour andmicroconidia
Bright yellow back
T erinacei
Backcream, brown, red;
Look at microconidia and colony
Trichophyton interdigitale, T rubrum, tonsurans
Microconidia small, round
Back of the colony may be brown but not sharply
defined.
Trichophyton interdigitale
Microconidia small, club shaped
Backdark red/brown, sharply defined white edge,
urease neg at 1 week
T rubrum
Microconidia small, club shaped
Backreverse may be cream or if brownnot
sharply defined
T interdigitale downey
Large microconidia, ovoid/club shaped
Colonysome red/purple colour
T rubrum granular
Large microconidia, ovoid/club shaped
Colonybrown/yellow
T tonsurans
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Conidia Conidia grow by are blastic outgrowthlike budding of yeast
Aspergillus Penicillum Phialophora
Other blastic conidia are
Anneloconidia
scopulariopsis/exophiala (annelids marked)
Holoblastic conidiacladosporium
On the contrary if conidia are produced by a prexisting hyphae it is called thalic conidia like
arthro and aleurioconidia
Arthroconidiabrick/square shaped eg. Geotrichum
Aleurioconidia - eg. Microsporum
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Aspergillus Scopulariopsis
Large conidia with flat
scar, paecilomyces has
small condia, minimal
scar
Penicillum
(unlikely as
specimen)
Green colony,
scopulariopsis and
paecilomycis doesnt have
green colony
Exophiala
Annelloconidialook for
septa at the baseno
septa in phialophora
Phialophora Fusarium
(note macroconidia
sometime develops later
may present in low
numbers)
Paecilomyces
(rare)
Acremonium
Long tapering stalk
(phialides, not an
anneloconidia like
exophiala),
macroconidia may be
present
Alternaria Curvularia
Scedosporium
prolificans
(Dark brown oval
conidia from
short annelids
with inflated
base/taperingends)
Scedosporium
apiospermum
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