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MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES

IN INDUSTRY

9.2 Ammonia and Its Salt

Thursday, October 27, 2011


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AMMONIA, NH3



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MAIN USE

1.To manufacture nitrogenous

fertilizers such as ammoniumsulphate , ammonium nitrate and urea

Ammonia + sulphuric acid Ammonium Sulphate

neutralization

2NH3 + H2 SO4 (NH4 )2 SO4

Ammonia + nitric acid Ammonium Nitrate

neutralization

NH3 + HNO3 NH4 NO3

Ammonia + carbon dioxide Urea

temperature 200 c pressure 200 atmosphere

2NH3 + CO2 (NH2 )2 CO + H 2 O



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Ammonium Sulphate

Ammonia + sulpharic acid Ammonium Sulphateneutralisation

2NH3 + H2 SO4 (NH4 )2 SO4



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Ammonia + nitric acid Ammonium Nitrate

neutralization

NH3 + HNO3 NH4 NO3

Ammonium Nitrate



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Ammonia + carbon dioxide Urea

temperature 200 c pressure 200 atmosphere

2NH3 + CO2 (NH2 )2 CO + H 2 O

Urea



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MAIN USE

2.Liquid form is use as a cooling agentin refrigerators because it has a lowboiling point and is very volatile



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MAIN USE

3.As a raw material for the

manufacturer of nitric acid inthe Ostwald process

Ammonia + sulphuric acid is oxidized to nitrogen monoxide gas in thepresence of platinum as the catalyst

4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2 O

Nitrogen monoxide oxidized to nitrogen dioxide

2NO + O2 2NO2

Nitrogen dioxide dissolved in water to produce nitric acid

platinum

4NO2 + O2 + 2 H 2 O 4NHO3



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MAIN USE4. Convert to nitric acid for

making explosives such asTNT

Nitric acid react withmethylbenzene (toluene)

5. Ammonia neutralize theorganic acid prevent thecoagulation of latex . Latexremain at liquid form



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MAIN USE

6. Ammonia react withhydrogen chloride to produceammonium chloride which useas the electrolyte in dry cells

NH3 + H 2 O NH 4 + OH+-



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MAIN USE7. As a cleaning agent to remove grease



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MAIN USE

8. Used in manufacture of synthetic fibers such as nylon



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Properties of Ammonia

1. colourless andpungert gas

2. Turn moist red litmus

paper to blue. (Alkaline gas)

3. Very soluble in water

4. Form white fumeswith HCL gas



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The Industrial Process in theManufacture of Ammonia

HABER PROCESS - Industrialmethod used to prepareammonium gas on a largescale using nitrogen gas and

hydrogen gas.



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Two Methods :-

H2 O + C CO + H2

This mixture isknown as water gas

2H2 O + C H4 CO2 + 4 H2

The reaction betweensteam and natural gas



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Ammonia Fertilizers

P l a n t s r e q u i r enitrogen to produceprotein

N i t r o g e n i sabsorbed by plantsin the form of nitrates . NO3



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Ammonia Fertilizers

Ammon ium fe r t i l i ze r s i sdetermined by the percentageof nitrogen by mass

Percentage of nitrogen mass

=

Mass of nitrogen________________

Molar mass of fertilizer X 100%

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