namas in the refrigeration, air conditioning and foam ... · page 4 deutsche gesellschaft für...

Alvaro Zurita, GIZ

Joint Meeting of the OzonAction Networks of Mexico, Central America, South America and the Caribbean

Jamaica Pegasus Hotel - Kingston, Jamaica

3 October 2013

NAMAs in the refrigeration, air conditioning and foam blowing sector

03/10/2013

Content 1. GIZ Proklima 2. CO2 emissions from the RAC&F sectors 3. Alternative technologies 4. NAMAs 5. The RAC&F NAMA Handbook 6. Handbook Module 1: Inventory methodology 7. Case study Thailand 8. Case study Mexico 9. Final remarks

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH • A German federal enterprise, owned by the Federal Republic of Germany • An international cooperation enterprise for sustainable development with

worldwide operations • Organised as a private-sector entity • In Germany and more than 130 countries • ~18,000 employees • Business volume 2012: EUR 2.1 billion • Main commissioning party: German Federal Ministry for

Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) • Environmental projects: BMU

03/10/2013

– 16 years worldwide initiatives – ~ 245 projects – ~ 40 Partner countries – ~ 100 Mio tons CO2eq. reduced – ~ 8,000 ODP tons reduced – ~ 35.000 trained technicians

Refrigeration - Air conditioning - Foam blowing Integrated ozone and climate protection with focus on natural refrigerants with low-GWP and energy-efficient applications

„PROKLIMA“

03.10.2013

The Proklima approach • from technology demonstration to sector conversion (upscaling)

• Local added value (localization of technology, local assembly; value chain)

• Capacity development

• Connectivity to climate negotiations

Removal of barriers • Developing and emerging countries: increasing

demand for climate friendly technologies

• Climate friendly technologies are proven, available and economically feasible

• Successful technology demonstration projects

• Challenges for market introduction in developing and emerging countries: removal of technical, cultural, political, legal barriers

03/10/2013

03/10/2013

GIZ series on safe use of natural refrigerants

03/10/2013


indirect emissions direct emissions

Market volume in different applications in refrigeration and air-conditioning [billion Euros]

Source: Study for EC F-Gas Review (Öko-Recherche/HEAT GmbH)

0

500

1,000

1,500

kt S

ubst

ance

Prognosis

CFC HCFC

HFC

Source: UNEP and own projections

Consumption CFC, HCFC y HFC en developing countries: Business as Usual

HFC days are numbered…

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

HFC-Phase down (proposals)

NAProposal

FSM Proposal

CCAC Climate and Clean Air Coalition)

MP HFC amendment

Adjusted from: Schwarz et al., 2011

EU-27 All sources

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

[kt

CO

2eq

]

Without measures With measures

Without F-gas legislation

With '2006 F-gas legislation'

New F-gas proposal

New EU Proposal on F-Gas regulation

03.10.2013

03/10/2013


CFC HCFC HFC HFO (unsat. HFC)

~ 8000 ~1600 GWP ~1800 ~ <10

1 Depletion of Resources (Fluor) x ~ 2 - ?

1 Persistent Waste (TFA) x ~ 2 -5 ?

1 ODP ~ 0,07 Flammability (HF)

1 Price x ~ 30 ?

Halocarbons, a problem • ODP - GWP • deplete resources • produce persistent pollutants, that accumulate in soil /aquatic reservoirs

Climate-friendly, sustainable alternatives for (nearly) all applications and regions!

Mobile AC

HC

Domestic Ref.

CO2, HC HC, NH3

AC

CO2/ HC,

Renewable

Foams

NH3, HC

Industr. Ref.

CO2, NH3, HC

Comm. Ref.

03/10/2013

03.10.2013

Swaziland: Conversion of domestic refrigeration production

03.10.2013

Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered refrigerators SolarChill (BMU IKI)

03.10.2013

South Africa - Supermarket refrigeration (NH3/CO2)

0

100

200

300

400

Ener

gy c

onsu

mpt

ion,

kW

h/m

2 co

oled

dis

play

are

a

Cape Town

Strand Average Cape Town

0

100

200

300

400

Ener

gy c

onsu

mpt

ion,

kW

h/m

2 c

oole

d di

spla

y ar

ea

Johannesburg/Gauteng

Randpark Ridge Average Gauteng

03.10.2013 China - Conversion of production line (AC)

03.10.2013

China: Conversion XPS foam production to CO2 technology

80% of ca 500 companies in the sector to be converted in the next years: 40-50 production lines till 2015

Jordan – Solar cooling

03.10.2013

South Africa – Refrigerated Transport

03/10/2013

The Greenfreeze experience: 20 years after

Production of Greenfreeze refrigerators 50 to 100 % Production of Greenfreeze and conventional refrigerators No production or no reliable data available

20 Years of Greenfreeze - Production of 700 Mio. fridges since 1992

Greenfreeze since 2011 also in USA

03.10.2013

03.10.2013

www.refrigerantsnaturally.com

http://www.refrigerantsnaturally.com/�

03/10/2013


NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions • COP15 (Copenhaguen) • voluntary emission reduction measures by developing

countries

• directly reported to the UNFCCC Secretariat.

• offer a big potential to introduce low carbon technologies and to significantly reduce GHG emissions.

• MRV: Monitoring Reporting Verification

03/10/2013

3 NAMA categories

1. Unilateral: Financed domestically; domestic MRV in accordance with guidelines developed under the climate convention,

2. Supported: International support (finance, technology and/or capacity building); MRV according to international guidelines developed under the climate convention,

3. Credited: private sector funding that results in carbon credits; MRV likely to draw upon experience with CDM.

NAMAs

Projects Sectoral Approaches

Policies and Strategies

Research and Development

NAMA categories

Credited NAMA

Registry

Supported NAMA Unilateral

NAMA

Domestic Financing

Bilateral Financing

Carbon Credits

Green Climate Fund

NAMA Funding & Financing System

ODA Not yet implemented Private Sector

03-10-2013

NAMA Funding & Financing System

…. first come, first served!!!

• Green Climate Fund 100 bn USD p.a. by 2020 • not only grants - not only public money • Leverage & mobilization of private investments • NAMA Registry (contact point donor-recipient)

• MRV is a key issue (transparency for donors)

• NAMA funding by now: bi-multilateral, development banks • NAMA Facility DECC (UK) and BMU (D) • Climate Development and Knowledge Network (CDKN, UK) • AusAID International Climate Change Adaptation Initiative • Agence Française de Développement (AFD) • USAID

Part I: Inventory/ Stakeholder Engagement

Stakeholder (Industry) Engagement

Establishment of Inventory

Step 1

Step 2

Part II: Preparing NAMA Description Document (NAMA-DD)

Step 3 Defining Sector BAU and Mitigation Scenarios

Step 4 Identification of Subsectors for Mitigation Action

Step 5 Alternative Technologies + Barrier Removal

Step 6 Policy and Financing

Step 7 Roadmap

Step 8 Upload NAMA – DD for Registration

Part III: NAMA Implementation

Step 9 Enabling implementation of measures

Step 10

Step 11 NAMA Progress and verification of emission reductions

NAMA support framework

Institutional developm

ent and stakeholder engagem

ent

Overview of a typical NAMA workplan

03/10/2013

03.10.2013

NOUs have already good knowledge to prepare NAMAs in the RAC/Foam sectors: • Experienced in formulating and implementing sector plans

• Relationships with most key stakeholders established NOUs need support in: • Building national HFC inventories (Methodology)

• Transparent decision making for technology selection (Tools)

• Monitoring, Reporting, Verification (Methodology)

NOU: What does this have to do with my daily work?

Development of NAMAs in the RAC&F sectors Started in 2009, funded by BMU Germany

4 Partner countries (Thailand, Mexico and others) in the initial stage

Builds on HFC replacement demonstration projects (financed by BMU)

Project delivers guidance on how to establish an F-gas inventory in the RAC&F sectors and show how this information can be used to develop NAMAs

Preparation of a technical handbook and practical tools; publication online at www.giz.de/proklima (2nd half of 2013)

Support for countries to develop NAMAs in the RAC&Foam sectors, including: draft NAMA strategy incl. financial support plan, submit NAMA for registry at UNFCCC, seek international funding, and implementation and mitigation action plan

Proklima NAMA project

http://www.giz.de/proklima�

03/10/2013


NAMA global handbook Concept and objectives

• Provide comprehensive handbook with basic guidance on technical, procedural and policy issues

• Provide practical tools for assessment, analysis and planning of NAMAs

• Guidance on economic aspects of strategy building and finance

• Assist in the development of proposals and funding requests for supported NAMAs

• Guidance on implementation and monitoring

• Strengthening capacities to integrate with reporting procedures under the UNFCCC

NAMAs in the refrigeration, air conditioning and foam sectors. A technical handbook.

03-10-2013

• Inventory 1

• Cooling needs assessment 2

• Technical options 3

• Economic assessment 4

• Mitigation scenarios 5

• Technology roadmap 6

• Measuring, reporting, verifying 7

• Policy and financing options framework 8

• Implementation plan 9

• Co-benefits for the NAMA country 10

NAMA handbook for RAC&F sectors

Sectors and Subsectors Appliance systems and applications

S1 RAC, Unitary air conditioning

Self-contained air conditioners Spilt residential air conditioners Split commercial air conditioners Duct split residential air conditioners Commercial ducted splits Rooftop ducted Multi-splits

S RAC, Chillers

Air conditioning chillers Process chillers

S RAC, Mobile air-conditioning Car air conditioning Large vehicle air conditioning

S RAC, Domestic Refrigeration Domestic Refrigeration

S RAC, Commercial Refrigeration

Stand-alone equipment Condensing units Centralised systems for supermarkets

Sectors and subsectors

(UNEP RTOC, 2010, modified)

Sectors and Subsectors Appliance systems and applications

S RAC, Industrial Refrigeration Integral Condensing units Centralised systems for supermarkets

S RAC, Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers

S Foams

PU Flexible Foam Continuous/Discontinuous PU Flexible Moulded Foam PU Integral Skin Foam PU Continuous Panel/Flexible panel PU Discontinuous Panel PU Appliance Foam PU Continuous/Discontinuous Block PU Spray Foam PU Pipe-in-Pipe PU OCF (bottle foam) PU Rigid foam all other applications XPS Extruded Polystyrene boards

S Other sectors

Electrical power systems (Gas insulated switch gear and circuit breakers) Aerosols Metered dose inhalers Solvent cleaning Fire suppression

03-10-2013

• Inventory 1











• DIS-Tool • HFC Inventory & Projection tool

Data input sheet: DIS-tool from the RAC&F Handbook How many units are produced in your country?

Sector Sub-sector 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits Chillers Air conditioning chillers Chillers Process chillers Mobile AC Car air conditioning Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets Industrial Refrigeration Integral Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers

How many units are sold in your country? Sector Sub-sector 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits Chillers Air conditioning chillers Chillers Process chillers Mobile AC Car air conditioning Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units

Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets

Industrial Refrigeration Integral Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers

Refrigeration and air conditioning How many units are in operation (current use) in your country ? Sector Sub-sector 2000 2001 2002 2003 Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits Chillers Air conditioning chillers Chillers Process chillers Mobile AC Car air conditioning Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets Industrial Refrigeration Integral Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers

Production figures

Domestic sales figures

Appliances in operation

Refrigeration and air conditioning Inital Charge in New units [kg]

Sector Sub-sector

Please choose the dominant refrigerant from the drop-down list (Therefore click on the cell below) 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits Chillers Air conditioning chillers Chillers Process chillers Mobile AC Car air conditioning Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets Industrial Refrigeration Integral Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers

Manufacture Emission Factors (% of Initial Charge)

Sector Sub-sector Refrigerant 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits 0 Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted 0 Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits 0 Chillers Air conditioning chillers 0 Chillers Process chillers 0 Mobile AC Car air conditioning 0 Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning 0 Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration 0 Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment 0 Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units 0 Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets 0 Industrial Refrigeration Integral 0 Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units 0 Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems 0 Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers 0

Servicing Emission Factors (% of Initial Charge) Sector Sub-sector Refrigerant 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits 0 Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted 0 Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits 0 Chillers Air conditioning chillers 0 Chillers Process chillers 0 Mobile AC Car air conditioning 0 Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning 0 Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration 0 Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment 0 Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units 0 Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets 0 Industrial Refrigeration Integral 0 Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units 0 Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems 0 Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers 0

Average cooling capacity per unit [kW] Sector Sub-sector Refrigerant 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 203Unitary air conditioning Self-contained air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Split residential air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Split commercial air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Duct split residential air conditioners 0 Unitary air conditioning Commercial ducted splits 0 Unitary air conditioning Rooftop ducted 0 Unitary air conditioning Multi-splits 0 Chillers Air conditioning chillers 0 Chillers Process chillers 0 Mobile AC Car air conditioning 0 Mobile AC Large vehicle air conditioning 0 Domestic refrigeration Domestic refrigeration 0 Commercial Refrigeration Stand-alone equipment 0 Commercial Refrigeration Condensing units 0 Commercial Refrigeration Centralised systems for supermarkets 0 Industrial Refrigeration Integral 0 Industrial Refrigeration Condensing units 0 Industrial Refrigeration Centralised systems 0 Transport Refrigeration Refrigerated trucks/trailers 0

Initial charge

Manufacture Emission Factors

Servicing Emission Factors

Average cooling capacity

etc.

Data input sheet: DIS-tool from the RAC&F Handbook

03-10-2013

• Inventory 1












Selection Tool

03.10.2013

CFC/ HCFC HFC

HFC/ HFO NH3 CO2 HC

Ozone Depletion

High GWP

Persistent wastes

Depletable Resources

Recycling

Safety issues

Energy efficiency

Costs

IPR

new complexities for the application Selection includes aspects of development and sustainability

Tool, example: Multi criteria analysis in the selection of technical options

03-10-2013

• Inventory 1












Selection Tool

Mitigation and costs tool

BAU and Mitigation Scenarios

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Mt C

O2

eq

DER

DEREE

BAU

03-10-2013

• Inventory 1












Selection Tool


MRV tool

Example: MRV Module Select criterias Determine Process Identify reporting formats Institutionalize MRV

03-10-2013

• Inventory 1












Selection Tool


MRV tool Evaluation matrix

Sample ranking matrix for the evaluation of co-benefits

03/10/2013


Relevant documents for F-gas inventory

03/10/2013

• IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC 2000)

• Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 1997)

• IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 3 (IPCC 2006)

Tier 1 and Tier 2 approach

2013-10-03

Tier 1 • Aggregated data • Production/import/export of chemicals

Tier 2 • Disaggregated detailed data

• Market data (appliances)

Top-down approach Bottom-up approach

Tier 1b

2013-10-03

Emissions = Production + Imports – Exports – Destruction

Tier 1: Potential emissions

Tier 1a Emissions = Production + Imports – Exports– Destruction

Include refrigerants of imported and exported equipment

Revised 1996 Guidelines (IPCC)

Why Tier 2 ?

03/10/2013

• NAMA funding requires precise/reliable emission reduction data

• Consumption data are not enough • Emission factors depend on the appliances • NAMA: mitigation based on technical options • Import-export of appliances • Emission delay (refrig. imported this year doesn‘t emit

necessarily this year)

Production of appliances(First Fill)

Stock (=appliances in use) Bank

ManufactureEmissions

ServiceEmissions (Refill)

DisposalEmissions

Total Emissions

Direct Emissions

Energy Consumption

Indirect EmissionsFill Refill

Demand

Tier 2: Production, import and export of appliances/systems

HFC units National Communications; HCFC and HFC units NAMA

Inventory procedure*:

* From the GIZ Proklima RAC&F Handbook

1. Extensive literature research

2. Perform Level and Trend Assessment (IPCC 2000)

3. Identification of the most important stakeholders

4. Gathering detailed bottom-up data (Tier 2) using the data input sheet (DIS-tool)

5. Organising stakeholder workshops with representatives from relevant sub-sectors

6. Distribution of questionnaires to RAC&F industry

7. Calculate emissions, demand and bank using IPCC formulas / GIZ tool

Inventory Tool: Draft RAC Manufacturing Figures (Units) S Appliance System/Application 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Upscale 2010

S1 Self-contained air conditioners 38,714 40,495 42,358 44,306 46,344 48,476Split residential air conditioners 4,359,159 4,559,681 4,769,426 4,988,820 5,218,305 5,458,347Split commercial air conditioners 224,866 235,210 246,030 257,347 269,185 281,568Duct split residential air conditioners 1,868,211 1,954,149 2,044,040 2,138,066 2,236,417 2,339,292Commercial ducted splits 96,371 100,804 105,441 110,292 115,365 120,672Rooftop ducted 0 0 0 0 0 0Multi-splits 135,975 142,230 148,773 155,616 162,775 170,262

S2 Air conditioning chillers 59 62 65 68 71 74Process chillers 25 27 28 29 30 32

S3 Car air conditioning 1,277,916 1,336,700 1,398,188 1,462,505 1,529,780 1,600,150Large vehicle air conditioning 49,285 51,552 53,923 56,404 58,998 61,712

S4 Domestic refrigeration 4,516,782 4,724,554 4,941,883 5,169,210 5,406,994 5,655,715S5 Stand-alone equipment 181,819 190,183 198,931 208,082 217,654 227,666

Condensing units (End user) 589 707 721 737 655 706Centralised systems for supermarkets (End users) 18 31 36 38 29 68

S6 Integral - - - - - -Condensing units 47 52 47 34 17 34Centralised systems 16 17 16 11 6 11

S7 Refrigerated trucks/trailers 357 357 286 286 429 500

InventoryTool: Draft Potential Emissions

Net consumption =Potential emissions 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010CFC 0 4,281 2,269 1,862 1,381 1,242 444 300 190 141 0HCFC 0 0 0 0 4,222 12,620 13,633 10,056 12,595 11,438 14,025HFC 0 319 1,130 1,724 1,791 2,057 2,305 2,435 3,411 3,638 4,227SF6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 43Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

03/10/2013


Annual Consumption of F-Gases from The Custom Department (Import-Export)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Tonnes

CFC-11 0.000 1502.155 796.085 475.745 218.285 102.465 14.420 11.250 16.130 0.000 0.000

CFC-12 0.000 2779.339 1472.707 1386.038 1162.793 1139.914 429.197 289.234 174.212 141.128 0.000

HC-290* - - - - - - - 25.195 243054.820 375559.024 768831.709

HC-600a* - - - - - - - 346.019 202393.928 399114.042 747764.610

HCFC-123 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 72.850 80.213 89.968 135.285 157.847 129.582

HCFC-141b 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2476.781 1640.005 1961.010 984.147 1540.100 1727.620 1941.570

HCFC-142b 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 32.640 36.800 39.360 72.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

HCFC-22 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1712.853 10870.340 11552.877 8910.275 10919.496 9552.928 11953.406

HFC-125 0.000 12.000 48.000 24.000 2.550 14.991 0.000 0.000 9.690 19.140 8.700

HFC-134a 0.000 306.716 1002.394 1660.771 1740.159 1919.259 2138.289 2241.760 3117.552 3407.732 4094.939

HFC-143a 0.000 0.000 22.400 0.035 0.640 4.540 0.000 0.035 2.800 9.440 0.000

HFC-152a 0.000 0.000 55.424 39.160 40.180 95.804 36.425 79.238 184.109 95.801 94.517

HFC-227ea 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.150 0.102 21.677 11.642 22.588 18.431 25.123

HFC-23 0.000 0.000 0.492 0.452 0.683 18.516 108.715 102.102 30.840 16.691 3.904

HFC-236fa 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000

HFC-245fa - - - - - - - - - - -

HFC-32 0.000 0.000 0.816 0.000 6.540 3.350 0.000 0.000 43.600 70.820 0.037

HFC-365mfc - - - - - - - - - - -

HFC-404A - - - - - - - - - - -

HFC-407C - - - - - - - - - - -

HFC-410A - - - - - - - - - - -

HFC-43-10mee - - - - - - - - - - -

R-717* - - - - - - - - - - -

R-744* - - - - - - - - - - -

R1234yf (HFO) - - - - - - - - - - -

R1234ze(E) (HFO) - - - - - - - - - - -

PFCs 0.000 0.000 0.052 0.077 14.332 135.490 119.191 101.056 0.000 1.240 3.483

SF6 0.000 3.232 13.876 8.358 20.069 20.249 25.754 3.858 3.298 25.038 44.072

Emission Calculation Tier 1 Method • Using the “Import – Export” data can be calculated as

the Tier1a method

• There are no data available for the distribution of F-Gas into sectors/sub-applications

• Using the F-Gas distribution from IPCC (IPCC/TEAP, 2006) and UNEP (UNEP, 2012) reports as sector distribution

Emission Calculation Tier 2 Method

• Require more effort for data collection • Need to take assumption to calculate the appliance

related data (production/domestic sale/stock)

Sub-sector Equipment No. of

Questionaires Distributed

No. of Responses

Estimated % Market Share

S1 RAC, Unitary air conditioning

Self-contained air conditioners Split residential air

conditioners Split commercial air

conditioners Duct split residential air conditioners Commercial ducted splits Rooftop ducted Multi-splits

29 15 89.92%

S2 RAC, Chillers Air Conditioning Process

3 2 (85%)

S3 RAC, Mobile air-conditioning

- 24 6 53.37%

S4 RAC, Domestic Refrigeration

- 11 8 98.68%

F-Gas Data Collection

Sub-sector Equipment No. of Questionaires Distributed

No. of Responses

Estimated % Market Share

S5 RAC, Commercial Refrigeration

Stand-alone 15 4 (67%)

Remote and Centralized system for supermarket

19 4 Retail (75%)

C-store (70-80%)

S6 RAC, Industrial Refrigeration

Integral Condensing units Centralised systems

550 225 (Phone

interview 125, Questionnaire 105)

44.28%***

S7 RAC, Transport Refrigeration

- 10 3 (70%)

S8 Foams see type foam 35 11 (50%)

S9 Other sectors SF6 15 8 (60-70%)

• Manufacturers were often unwilling to cooperate, because • No legal/regulatory enforcement • Already provided this information for HPMP

• Incomplete time series • Difficult to get data from distributors, traders , service sector • Lack of stock data for selected sectors

F-Gas Data Collection

S Appliance / Application S1 Self-contained air conditioners

Split residential air conditioners

Split commercial air conditioners

Duct split residential air conditioners

Commercial ducted splits Rooftop ducted

Multi-splits S2 Air conditioning chillers

Process chillers S3

Car air conditioning Large vehicle air conditioning

S4 Domestic refrigeration

S5 Stand-alone equipment Condensing units

Production Data 2005 -2010

S Appliance / Application S1 Self-contained air conditioners

Split residential air conditioners Split commercial air conditioners

Duct split residential air conditioners Commercial ducted splits Rooftop ducted Multi-splits

S2 Air conditioning chillers Process chillers

S3 Car air conditioning Large vehicle air conditioning

S4 Domestic refrigeration

Domestic Sale 2005 -2010

S Appliance / Application S1 Self-contained air conditioners 14,646 16,878 19,147 21,578 2

Split residential air conditioners 2,594,668 2,770,615 2,957,200 3,168,086 3,48

Split commercial air conditioners 81,086 93,445 106,007 119,464 13

Duct split residential air conditioners 1,112,001 1,187,406 1,267,371 1,357,751 1,49

Commercial ducted splits 34,751 40,048 45,431 51,199 5

Rooftop ducted - - - -

Multi-splits 123,007 141,754 160,811 181,226 20

S2 Air conditioning chillers 5,346 5,592 5,849 6,118

Process chillers 2,291 2,397 2,507 2,622

S3 Car air conditioning 6,935,944 7,881,836 8,313,336 8,740,576 9,15

Stock Data 2005 -2010

Sectoral Distribution from Tier 2

Share of Tier 2 Emissions in different RAC sub-sectors in 2010

Comparison of Thailand’s HFCs, PFCs and SF6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Em

issi

ons

(MtC

O2e

q)

Comparison of Thailand's HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 Emissions

Tier 1a emissions

Tier 2 emissions (HFCs Tier2 and PFCs, SF6 Tier1a) Thailand National Inventory

US EPA (2006)

Split residential air conditioners 1) Leak reduction (design/const) no change 2) HC R290/ R1270 HC-290 3) HFC R32 HFC-32 4) Low-GWP + district cooling low GWP

Technical option Alternative refrigerant

0

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Mt C

O2

eq

DER

DEREE

BAU

0

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O2

eq

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BAU

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0

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1)

3)

2)

4)

Mitigation scenarios: Detailed Analysis

Technical options • Various technical options, incl. calculation of mitigation potential • Total reduction potential of Thai RAC sector : 99 Mt CO2eq p.a.

from237 Mt CO2eq (2030). • highest emission reduction potential: unitary AC • significant reductions MAC, commercial + domestic refrigeration

Use of the data • report direct HFC emissions in the National Communication of

Thailand, to UNFCCC. • establish baseline for direct and indirect emissions from the RAC

sectors and project future mitigation scenarios.

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03.10.2013

Mexico Commitment: 30% reduction from BAU on 2020

03.10.2013

F-Gases NAMA

F-Gases Inventory

Development of emission factors

1

2

03.10.2013

Target Sectors

Survey Targets

Foam Sector

F-gas Exporters

F-gas Importers

F-gas Producers

RAC Sector

Chillers Residential Air-Conditioning

Domestic Refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration

Cold Storage & Industrial Refrigeration Mobile Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration

Servicing

• PU (Flexible, Rigid, Integral Skin) • XPS (Extruded Sheet, Extruded Board) • Polyethylene (Extruded Sheet, Rigid Insulation)

03.10.2013

Definition of sources

F-gas Producers, Importers and Exporters

F-gas Consumers

Target Groups

Refrigeration sector

Air-Conditioning Sector

Foam Sector

Data Collection

Questionnaires

Interviews

Data Verification

Site visits

Cross Checking data from all sources

Data Collection

03.10.2013

Tier 1 Data

• National Level • Top Down Approach using F-gas

production/import/export data at National level

Level Data

Tier 2 Data

• Company level • Bottom Up Approach using

production data of F-gas and equipment based on them

03.10.2013

Preliminary HFC Import & Export Data (in MT) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Gases Import Export Import Export Import Export Import Export Import Export Import Export

HFC-152a 170.27 4.88 198.3 22.83 161.08 9.21 172.63 4.07 276.42 22.32 1313.91 41.57

HFC-125 0.48 0 1.06 0 4.12 1.58 8.07 0 9.8 0 15.97 0

HFC-134a 5627.38 518.7 9018.12 1629.3 5984.55 1438.85 8101.02 1196.23 8623.02 1374.72 7892.73 974.44

HFC-23 0.73 0.02 1.32 0.06 1.823 0 1.587 0 0.583 0 1.203 0

HFC-245fa 1372.3 0 2286.95 0 2296.4 0 2355.17 12.08 2221.56 0 2426.01 29.92

R404A 678.95 14.67 710.07 36.46 814.59 28.59 914.38 44.78 1285.29 43.82 1233.95 52.13

R407C 86.782 2.09 102.09 2.27 53.525 0.45 64.339 1.8 93.684 0.65 161.006 3.81

R-410A 1438.42 2.03 2509.63 157.18 2960.83 891.1 6227.4 1840.67 5818.73 1634.78 6857.33 1577.58

Total 9375.31 542.39 14827.54 1848.10 12276.92 2369.78 17844.60 3099.63 18329.09 3076.29 19902.11 2679.45

Source: Company & Custom Data

03.10.2013

Preliminary HFC Consumption Data (in MT)

Gases 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

HFC-152a 165.39 175.47 151.87 168.56 254.1 1272.34

HFC-125 0.48 1.06 2.54 8.07 9.8 15.97

HFC-134a 5108.68 7388.82 4545.7 6904.79 7248.3 6918.29

HFC-23 0.71 1.26 1.823 1.587 0.583 1.203

HFC-245fa 1372.3 2286.95 2296.4 2343.09 2221.56 2396.09

R404A 664.28 673.61 786 869.6 1241.47 1181.82

R407C 84.692 99.82 53.075 62.539 93.034 157.196

R-410A 1436.39 2352.45 2069.73 4386.73 4183.95 5279.75

Total 8832.922 12979.44 9907.138 14744.966 15252.797 17222.659

Since there is no production and destruction of HFCs in Mexico, therefore: Consumption= Import- Export

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HFC Consumption Trend

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

18000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Con

sum

ptio

n (t)

Year

HFC-134a

HFC-245fa

R404A

R-410A

Total

03.10.2013

Preliminary HFC Consumption in RAC Sector -2012 (in MT)

Gas

RAC sector

Domestic Refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration MAC Commercial Air-

Conditioning

Stand alone unit

Condensing &

Centralized Unit

OEM Servicing OEM Servicing OEM Servicing OEM Servicing OEM Servicing

HFC-152a

HFC-125

HFC-134a 855.62 257.58 26.61 52.89 1871.72 2230.40 300 400

HFC-23 1.203

HFC-245fa

R404A 2.31 164.14 1015.37

R407C 60 97.196

R-410A 3070 2209.75

03.10.2013

Distribution of HFCs in RAC Sector (Year 2012) 9%

10%

32%

49%

Domestic Refrigeration

Commercial Refrigeration

Mobile Air Conditioning

Commercial Air Conditioning

7% 2% 2%

8%

15%

18% 27%

21%

Domestic Refrigeration OEM

Domestic Refrigeration Servicing

Commercial Refrigeration OEM

Commercial Refrigeration Servicing

MAC OEM

MAC Servicing

Commercial Air-Conditioning OEM

Commercial Air-Conditioning Servicing

03.10.2013

Foam & Other Sector data for year 2012 (in MT) Foam Sector Others

Gases Domestic refrigeration XPS Aerosols Fire Fighting

HFC-152a 1272.34

HFC-125 15.97

HFC-134a 15.5

HFC-23

HFC-245fa 2396.09

R404A

R407C

R-410A

Next steps: Mitigation Scenarios

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Mt C

O2

eq

DER

DEREE

BAU

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03.10.2013

Final remarks Availability of methodology and tools for NAMA development in the

RAC & F sectors

Link to Int. Climate Regime an its funding instruments

First comprehensive concept for HFC phase-out/down for developing countries

First comprehensive data inventory of HFC emissions

Practical approach allows immediate planning and implementation of national strategies

Transparent information on HFC-free technologies available to decision-makers

Multiplier effect and good chances for upscaling and replication

Contact:

Alvaro Zurita Proklima International

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg1-5

65760 Eschborn, Germany

Email: [email protected]

Internet: www.giz.de/proklima

Thank you !

03/10/2013

mailto:[email protected]�

http://www.gtz.de/proklima�

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