name: date: a) true · 80. learned collective human behavior is known as: a) instinct b) husbandry...

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________

1. If every place on Earth were identical, we would not need geography.A) TrueB) False

2. The concern for the practical aspects of geography first arose among the ancient Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians, and Mesopotamians.A) TrueB) False

3. Cultures are always internally homogeneous because individual humans never think in exactly the same manner.A) TrueB) False

4. Culture is best understood as a process, not as a static, fixed pattern.A) TrueB) False

5. The study of contemporary human geography is best understood in the context of cultures (plural) rather than a fixed, singular culture in any given region.A) TrueB) False

6. Ultimately, agricultural patterns cannot be explained by the characteristics of the land and climate alone.A) TrueB) False

7. Agricultural patterns are based, in part, on cultural preferences.A) TrueB) False

8. World crop distributions can be explained by land and climate characteristics alone.A) TrueB) False

9. Food preferences and crop choices are influenced by survival needs alone, not belief systems.A) TrueB) False

10. Sometimes cultural change is brought about by a government policy.A) TrueB) False

11. It is impossible to understand a culture removed from its physical setting.A) TrueB) False

12. Most models often conform precisely to reality.A) TrueB) False

13. Ford and Griffin's model attempted to generalize the Latin American city.A) TrueB) False

14. The word “space” is employed mostly by those who build models, while the word “place” is used mostly by those with a more humanistic view of geography.A) TrueB) False

15. Cultures are rarely homogeneous.A) TrueB) False

Full file at https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Contemporary-Human-Geography-1st-Edition-by-Domosh

https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Contemporary-Human-Geography-1st-Edition-by-Domosh

16. Geographers who study power and ideology tend to focus more on diversity within cultures rather than on differences between cultures.A) TrueB) False

17. A World Heritage Site must include archaeological ruins.A) TrueB) False

18. A functional region is culturally homogeneous.A) TrueB) False

19. A formal region is relatively heterogeneous with regard to six or more cultural traits.A) TrueB) False

20. Formal regions are defined by border zones rather than sharp edges.A) TrueB) False

21. Functional regions are characterized by functional homogeneity.A) TrueB) False

22. While functional regions have a core and periphery, formal regions do not.A) TrueB) False

23. Functional regions always need to be culturally homogeneous.A) TrueB) False

24. Not all functional regions have fixed, precise borders.A) TrueB) False

25. A good example of a functional node is your state or provincial capital.A) TrueB) False

26. Formal and functional regions generally coincide spatially.A) TrueB) False

27. When you go to your polling place, you are visiting a node in a functional region.A) TrueB) False

28. A vernacular region is sometimes based on a specific economic, political, or historical characteristic.A) TrueB) False

29. Vernacular regions, like most regions, generally lack sharp borders.A) TrueB) False

30. Vernacular regions are usually homogeneous.A) TrueB) False

31. The political association of the “Redneck Riviera” tends to be liberal.A) TrueB) False




32. Vernacular regions often lack the organization necessary for functional regions.A) TrueB) False

33. Hierarchical diffusion and contagious diffusion often work together.A) TrueB) False

34. People must perceive some advantage before they adopt an innovation.A) TrueB) False

35. Diffusion typically produces a core-periphery spatial arrangement.A) TrueB) False

36. The acceptance of cultural innovations typically decreases with distance.A) TrueB) False

37. The best conceptual approach to the global diffusion of the H1N1 virus would be hierarchical diffusion and contagious diffusion reinforcing each other.A) TrueB) False

38. Modern mass media have greatly accelerated diffusion, augmenting the impact of time–distance decay.A) TrueB) False

39. Blaut and Ormrod have argued that nondiffusion is more prevalent than diffusion.A) TrueB) False

40. In general, migration follows a pattern from areas of low employment or low wages toward areas of higher employment or higher wages.A) TrueB) False

41. All residents of the United States, with the exception of Native Americans, can trace their presence in the country to international migration.A) TrueB) False

42. In 2000, the population of the United States became predominantly urban.A) TrueB) False

43. Stepwise migration refers to the phenomenon of migrants going back to their place of origin after long-term residency elsewhere.A) TrueB) False

44. Transnational migration is not uncommon in a globalizing world.A) TrueB) False

45. Globalization is solely a modern phenomenon.A) TrueB) False

46. Globalization means that an ever-greater proportion of social life is organized on a global scale.A) TrueB) False




47. The term “interdependence” implies that the interdependent nations are equal in terms of economic development and the well-being of the populations.A) TrueB) False

48. Modern globalization both makes people more alike and enables recognition of the differences between groups of people.A) TrueB) False

49. Globalization means that, as a whole, people across the world are becoming quite similar in terms of their general level of well-being.A) TrueB) False

50. The term “globalization” includes not only a set of causes but also a set of effects and the relationships among them.A) TrueB) False

51. Globalization is a key shaper of culture and is in turn shaped by it.A) TrueB) False

52. The relationship between people and nature is a two-way interaction, in which each affects and is affected by the other.A) TrueB) False

53. Since the early twentieth century, U.S.-based companies have sought out Russia as a market because of Russia's large population.A) TrueB) False

54. Environmental determinism was sometimes used as a justification for European colonial activity.A) TrueB) False

55. Environmental determinism overemphasizes the role of the environment in human affairs.A) TrueB) False

56. In some instances, the physical environment is the sole determinant of human behaviors and beliefs.A) TrueB) False

57. Many possibilists believe that the higher the technological level of a culture, the stronger the influences of the physical environment.A) TrueB) False

58. Technology allows humans mastery of the physical environment.A) TrueB) False

59. Natural hazards are often the result of a combination of natural and human-influenced (or human-created) forces.A) TrueB) False

60. In an organic view of nature, people are seen as a part of nature.A) TrueB) False

61. In a mechanistic view of nature, people are seen as a part of nature.A) TrueB) False




62. Every inhabited area, by definition, has a cultural landscape.A) TrueB) False

63. If a human geographer studies the landscape produced by a human community, that landscape reflects the culture of this group.A) TrueB) False

64. The ancient Kingdom of Zimbabwe was located in what is modern-day Botswana and Namibia.A) TrueB) False

65. The modern-day country of Zimbabwe took its name from the Great Zimbabwe National Monument.A) TrueB) False

66. The Great Zimbabwe was built completely without mortar.A) TrueB) False

67. A typical dispersed settlement form would be a city.A) TrueB) False

68. Rural, farming areas generally tend to be highly nucleated.A) TrueB) False

69. The cultural landscape offers possibilities for subjective, artistic impression as well as objective, scholarly analysis.A) TrueB) False

70. The central areas of most European cities were built without any apparent geometric plan.A) TrueB) False

71. From ground level, the most visible evidence of a particular cultural landscape is architecture.A) TrueB) False

72. Most paintings from the Italian Renaissance feature agricultural workers.A) TrueB) False

73. Architecture and style in the cultural landscape are of minor importance to human geographers.A) TrueB) False

74. A grouping of similar places, or of places with similar characteristics, is a(n):A) landscapeB) continentC) environmentD) region

75. The word geography comes from a Greek word meaning:A) to understand cultureB) to describe the EarthC) to build monumentsD) to farm the earth

76. The word geography means:A) Earth descriptionB) Earth explorationC) Earth navigationD) world mapping




77. We would not need geography if:A) all countries had common boundariesB) every place on Earth were identicalC) geological processes were different than they areD) all regions were significantly heterogeneous

78. Which group was NOT among the greatest traders and empire builders of its time?A) MesopotamiansB) PhoeniciansC) GreeksD) Austronesians

79. Which is NOT a part of culture?A) geneticsB) ideologyC) technologyD) livelihood

80. Learned collective human behavior is known as:A) instinctB) husbandryC) cultureD) mores

81. Culture is:A) instinctive behaviorB) inherited, individual behaviorC) genetically derived group behaviorD) learned, collective behavior

82. Which would NOT be studied by human geographers?A) religionB) languageC) governmentD) anatomy

83. Which would NOT be studied by physical geographers?A) climateB) terrainC) governmentD) vegetation

84. Which is NOT an accurate definition of culture?A) the complete population of a given county, state, or countryB) a dynamic mix of symbols, beliefs, speech, and practices; a distinctive group identityC) the local, customary way of doing things (a “way of life”)D) a total way of life held in common by a people, including technology and government

85. The social activities and interactions, ranging from religious rituals to food and clothing preferences, that collectively distinguish group identity are called:A) cultural traitsB) cultural exhibitsC) cultural practicesD) cultural taboos

86. A cultural approach to human geography would study all of the following EXCEPT:A) the ways in which culture is expressed and symbolized on the built landscapeB) the ways in which language, religion, economy, and government vary or remain constant from place to placeC) how people function spatially and identify with place and regionD) how culture remains primarily a divisive force in a multicultural society




87. In order to investigate the spatial pattern of wheat production in the world, a geographer would investigate:1- climate and soil characteristics2- available technology3- cultural preferences4- food taboos5- government policiesA) 1 onlyB) 1 and 2C) 3, 4, and 5D) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Use the following to answer questions 88-89:

88. Based on the figure, which statement is NOT true?A) All continents, except Antarctica, contain both major and minor wheat-producing areas.B) In Africa, the only major wheat-producing area is found in Egypt.C) More of western Australia is used for producing wheat than eastern Australia.D) Wheat production in South America is found solely in the southern portion of the continent.

89. According to the figure, which African country is NOT home to a minor wheat-producing area?A) MoroccoB) LibyaC) South AfricaD) Tunisia

90. Which is NOT one of the main approaches to studying human geography?A) a study of power and ideologyB) sense of placeC) environmental determinismD) spatial models

91. The term used to describe an abstract location on a map (and connote an objective, quantitative, theoretical approach to geography) is:A) modelB) spaceC) placeD) toponym

92. A geographer who uses an imaginary situation or abstraction in an attempt to isolate causes is building a:A) modelB) space vs. place distinctionC) mapD) cartogram

93. Which term is used to connote a subjective, humanistic, culturally oriented approach to geography that seeks to understand the unique character of individuals and regions?A) model buildingB) spaceC) identity politicsD) sense of place




94. The word coined by Yi-Fu Tuan to describe the characteristic of people who exhibit a strong sense of place and who are attracted to the study of such peoples and places is:A) cultural geographyB) model buildingC) geographic ideologyD) topophilia

95. Which city did Denis Cosgrove study using “sense of place” as a guiding principle?A) Tokyo, JapanB) Venice, ItalyC) Hong Kong, ChinaD) Paris, France

96. A place that has been designated by the United Nations' International Heritage Programme as one of outstanding cultural or natural importance is a(n):A) iconographic siteB) World Heritage SiteC) U.N. Protected SiteD) “wonder” of the ancient, medieval, or modern world


97. According to this model, the elite residential sector lies:A) in the periphery of the cityB) at the core of the cityC) along the spine leading to/from the central business districtD) in the zone of accretion

98. According to this model, housing for the poorest people is MOST likely to be found in Sector:A) 1B) 3C) 4D) 5

99. According to the model shown here, middle-class housing is MOST likely to be found in Sector:A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4

100. According to the model shown here, the transitional area between the mature zone and the periphery is found in Sector:A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4




101. Which perspective on human geography tends to minimize diversity?A) power and ideologyB) topophiliaC) model buildingD) sense of place

102. A culture's set of dominant ideas and beliefs is its:A) value systemB) moresC) ideologyD) stratification system

103. The study of human geography is organized around these five geographical concepts or themes:A) region, mobility, globalization, nature–culture, and cultural landscapeB) climates, soils, globalization, cultural landscape, and regionC) mobility, region, globalization, diplomacy, and cultural landscapeD) mobility, immigration, globalization, nature–culture, and cultural landscape

104. Which is NOT a type of region recognized by human geographers?A) vernacular regionB) continental regionC) formal regionD) functional region

105. A region inhabited by people who have one or more traits in common is a:A) vernacular regionB) continental regionC) formal regionD) functional region

106. What type of region is a uniform area inhabited by people who have one or more cultural traits in common?A) functionalB) dynamicC) nodalD) formal

107. Which does NOT represent a formal region?A) a region that grows pistachiosB) a region in which Welsh is spokenC) a region showing the readership of a particular magazineD) a region in which the descendants of American slaves live

108. The number of formal regions recognized by geographers is:A) zeroB) approximately 500C) approximately 20,000D) infinite

109. Within a formal region, the cultural traits tend to be strongest:A) at the coreB) in the peripheryC) on the outskirtsD) in the border zone

110. Because cultures overlap and mix, formal region boundaries are often:A) sharpB) clearly delineatedC) geometricD) fuzzy

111. Which is NOT a formal region?A) a corn-growing county in IowaB) a distribution network of the Washington PostC) a Chinese community in California's San Gabriel ValleyD) the part of Russia called Siberia




112. Formal regions typically exhibit:A) a core-periphery patternB) well-defined boundariesC) functional nodesD) a set of culture traits with identical spatial patterns

113. The hallmark of a formal region is cultural:A) diversityB) stratificationC) harmonyD) homogeneity

114. The Amish people live mostly in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and the surrounding areas. The people of this religious group are known for their simple lifestyles and their rejection of modern conveniences. A map showing the distribution of Amish in Pennsylvania would help to define a(n):A) vernacular regionB) urban regionC) formal regionD) functional region

115. Which is NOT an example of a functional region?A) religionB) countyC) cityD) precinct

116. Which type of region is organized to operate politically, socially, or economically as one unit?A) vernacular regionB) continental regionC) formal regionD) functional region

117. State capitals and city halls are both examples of:A) edgesB) nodesC) peripheral architectureD) border zones

118. A region that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants is a:A) formal regionB) functional regionC) vernacular regionD) cultural region

119. Each state within the United States, and each province within Canada, can be considered a:A) vernacular regionB) continental regionC) formal regionD) functional region

120. Which statement is NOT true of functional regions?A) Their borders may or may not be clearly defined.B) Their interpretation varies widely.C) They generally do not coincide spatially with formal culture regions.D) They are concrete rather than abstract entities.

121. The pattern of church attendance and the distribution area of a first-run film are:A) formal regionsB) functional regionsC) relocation regionsD) vernacular regions

122. The city of Omaha, Nebraska, is best described as a(n):A) vernacular regionB) urban regionC) formal regionD) functional region




123. Texas, New Hampshire, Illinois, Alberta, and Ontario are all examples of:A) vernacular regionsB) urban regionsC) formal regionsD) functional regions

Use the following to answer question 124:

124. A city's downtown area, as pictured here for Denver, is often the _____ of a functional region.A) edgeB) nodeC) modelD) ecosystem

125. At a basic level, the vernacular region grows out of:A) people's sense of belonging to and identification with a specific regionB) cultural homogeneityC) the nodes of a functional regionD) functional organization

126. A culture region that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants is a:A) vernacular regionB) continental regionC) formal regionD) functional region

127. In a large city with multiple neighborhoods at different elevations, one part of the city is located at a higher altitude, and the people living in that neighborhood call it The Hills. The Hills is an example of a:A) vernacular regionB) continental regionC) formal regionD) functional region

128. All of the following are true of vernacular regions EXCEPT:A) They are synonymous with functional culture regions.B) They generally lack sharp borders.C) They tend to grow out of people's sense of belonging to and identification with a particular region.D) The inhabitants of a vernacular culture region may accurately claim residence in more than one such region.

129. The “Midwest” and the “Redneck Riviera” are:A) formal regionsB) nodal regionsC) physical regionsD) vernacular regions

130. Local groups may try to override what they consider unpleasant names given to vernacular regions. The chamber of commerce for Florida's “Redneck Riviera” has tried to rename the region:A) the Gulf of GreatnessB) the Emerald CoastC) the Gold CoastD) the Million-Dollar Mile




131. The spread of people, ideas, or things from one location to other locations where these items are not initially found is:A) diffusionB) interactionC) ecologyD) teleology

132. It is believed that a certain plant was domesticated in two different parts of the world, at two different times, by two cultures that never had contact with each other. The domestication of this plant can be considered a case of:A) relocation diffusionB) independent inventionC) nodal interactionD) contagious diffusion

133. _____ invention occurs when the same or very similar innovation is separately developed at different places by different peoples.A) RelocationB) IndependentC) ExpansiveD) Simultaneous

134. The migration of Europeans into the Western Hemisphere included those people introducing Christianity into the Americas, thereby illustrating the process of this type of diffusion.A) stimulusB) hierarchicalC) contagiousD) relocation

135. Jews who were expelled from Spain brought their religious beliefs and practices to the new areas in which they settled. This is a case of:A) expansion diffusionB) contagious diffusionC) hierarchical diffusionD) relocation diffusion

136. Religions frequently spread through:A) expansion diffusionB) contagious diffusionC) hierarchical diffusionD) relocation diffusion

137. Sushi originated in Japan, but today it is served in restaurants in many countries. This illustrates the concept of:A) independent inventionB) contagious diffusionC) formal regional evolutionD) hierarchical diffusion

138. Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) stores now exist in Shanghai, China's largest city, and Beijing, its second major city. Soon, other KFC stores will open in other Chinese cities and towns that are smaller in size in a decreasing order. What type of diffusion does this process illustrate?A) hierarchicalB) stimulusC) contagiousD) permeable

139. While at opposite ends of the emotional spectrum, a joke spreading quickly throughout an office and cholera claiming a victim from every household in a village are both examples of which type of diffusion?A) hierarchicalB) relocationC) contactD) contagious

140. Which is NOT a type of expansion diffusion?A) relocationB) hierarchicalC) contagiousD) stimulus




141. In a certain part of the United States, the practice of feng shui gathers adherents in the major cities, jumping from one city to another while bypassing the suburbs and rural areas. In this case, feng shui has demonstrated:A) relocation diffusionB) hierarchical diffusionC) contagious diffusionD) stimulus diffusion

142. Diseases such as HIV/AIDS often spread through:A) relocation diffusionB) hierarchical diffusionC) contagious diffusionD) stimulus diffusion

143. Televisions, videocassette recorders, and videotapes were not permitted in Afghanistan during the regime of the Taliban. This is an example of:A) time–distance decayB) an absorbing barrier to diffusionC) a permeable barrier to diffusionD) stimulus diffusion

144. The people of Siberia domesticated reindeer after learning about cattle being domesticated by people to their south. This is an example of which type of diffusion?A) contagiousB) hierarchicalC) stimulusD) vernacular

145. _____ barriers completely halt diffusion.A) Time–distance decayB) PermeableC) AbsorbingD) Osmotic

146. The effects of diffusion tend to become _____ as they move away from the point of impact.A) strongerB) weakerC) more intenseD) more abstract

147. In a hot climate, a certain group of people begin to build their homes with very high ceilings so that hot air will rise upward, away from the living space. They also paint their homes white to reflect sunlight away from their houses. In another area 50 miles away, the people start building homes with high ceilings but do not paint their homes white because they consider the color unlucky. This is an example of:A) relocation diffusionB) hierarchical diffusionC) contagious diffusionD) stimulus diffusion

148. A factor that slows, but does not prevent, diffusion is a(n):A) time–distance barrierB) absorbing barrierC) permeable barrierD) impermeable barrier





149. According to the figure shown here, which country saw the fewest reported cases of H1N1 infection?A) ChileB) SpainC) RussiaD) Australia

150. The figure shows that the continent LEAST affected by the H1N1 fly was:A) AfricaB) North AmericaC) EuropeD) Australia

151. According to the figure, all of the following had no reported cases of H1N1 infection EXCEPT:A) MongoliaB) EgyptC) GreenlandD) Madagascar

152. Which statement is NOT a component of Blaut and Ormrod's critique of Hägerstrand's diffusion theories?A) Nondiffusion is more prevalent than diffusion.B) Not all innovations are equally beneficial to all people throughout geographic space.C) Traditional models do not provide enough emphasis on cultural and environmental variables.D) Information by its very nature produces diffusion.

153. The term used to identify mobility as an ongoing set of movements with no particular center or periphery is:A) migrationB) circulationC) orientationD) transnationalism

154. Which type of migration crosses country borders?A) international migrationB) interregional migrationC) intraregional migrationD) internal migration

155. Which is NOT one of the characteristics typically used by geographers to categorize migration?A) race (white/non-white)B) spatial scale (regional/local)C) time scale (temporary/permanent)D) distance (long/short)




156. The Great Migration, which refers to the twentieth-century movement of African-Americans from the rural south to the cities of the north and Midwest, was which type of migration?A) returnB) transnationalC) internalD) stepwise

157. Suppose a family moves from the Russian countryside to Moscow, and then across the Russian border into Ukraine. This type of migration is:A) internal migrationB) seasonal migrationC) stepwise migrationD) return migration

158. Suppose a man moves from Medellin, Colombia, to Texas in search of work. He spends his working years in Texas and then returns to Colombia upon retirement. His experience reflects which type of migration?A) internal migrationB) seasonal migrationC) stepwise migrationD) return migration

159. People who move back and forth between their home nation and the one to which they have migrated are known as:A) refugeesB) asylum seekersC) illegal aliensD) transnational migrants

160. Suppose a set of immigrants moves north from Mexico to California in order to find work in agricultural fields. At the end of the harvesting season, they move back to Mexico. These workers take part in:A) internal migrationB) seasonal migrationC) stepwise migrationD) return migration

161. The term _____ is used to refer to the processes of economic, political, and social integration that have collectively created ties that make a difference to lives around the planet.A) diffusionB) ecological developmentC) hierarchical organizationD) globalization

162. Which is NOT an example of an early global encounter?A) medieval overland trade routes connecting China with other parts of AsiaB) the maintenance of maritime trade routes between England and South Asia in the seventeenth centuryC) the spurring of revolution in the Muslim countries of North Africa via the InternetD) the colonization efforts of Spain, Portugal, and England

163. Within North America, the United States is a very developed country, while Mexico is relatively undeveloped. This is an example of:A) uneven developmentB) globalizationC) hierarchical diffusionD) an absorbing barrier





164. Which country has the lowest ranking on the HDI, according to the figure?A) AustraliaB) the United StatesC) ItalyD) Portugal

165. According to the figure, which continent has the lowest overall HDI ranking?A) South AmericaB) AsiaC) AfricaD) Europe

166. Which region is likely to rank lowest on a measure of HDI?A) sub-Saharan AfricaB) EuropeC) CanadaD) the United States




167. When geographers focus on the many and complicated interrelationships between people and their physical environments, they are following the theme of:A) cultural geographyB) cultural iconographyC) environmental determinismD) nature–culture

168. The term coined in the nineteenth century to refer to the biological science concerned with studying the relationships between living organisms and their physical environments is:A) ecologyB) determinismC) possibilismD) Green Revolution

169. Cultural ecology studies the interaction between culture and:A) religionB) physical environmentsC) governmentD) education

170. A territorially bounded system consisting of interacting organic and inorganic components is a(n):A) planetB) hemisphereC) biosphereD) ecosystem

171. Which is NOT a school of thought that analyzes the relationships and interactions between humans and the land?A) possibilismB) environmental determinismC) humans as modifiers of the EarthD) contagious diffusion of ecology

172. The belief that the physical environment is the dominant force shaping cultures and that humankind is essentially a passive product of its physical surroundings is known as:A) possibilismB) environmental determinismC) landscape environmentalismD) cultural determinism

173. Which statement illustrates environmental determinism?A) Siberia is rich in mineral resources.B) In the Philippines, Luzon rice farmers terrace the hill slopes.C) Chile is a mountainous country.D) The natives are restless because of the hot season.

174. Which school of thought was often the underpinning of early European colonial efforts?A) possibilismB) environmental determinismC) humans as modifiers of the earthD) environmental perception

175. According to _____, a culture's way of life ultimately depends on the choices people make.A) possibilismB) environmental determinismC) cultural determinismD) shamanism

176. On the tropical rainforest island of Borneo, some tribes practice slash-and-burn agriculture, while other tribes have chosen to be fishers. This exemplifies:A) agricultural adoptionB) economic determinismC) divergent culturalismD) possibilism




177. The school of thought asserting that the physical environment is the dominant force shaping cultures, and that humankind is essentially a passive product of its physical surroundings, is:A) possibilismB) the mechanistic view of natureC) environmental determinismD) the environmental perception school

178. Which school of thought played a large role in colonialism and the subjugation of native peoples?A) possibilismB) humans as modifiers of the EarthC) environmental determinismD) the environmental perception school

179. The school of thought asserting that the physical environment offers a number of ways for a culture to develop, and that a culture's way of life depends on the choices it makes, is:A) possibilismB) the mechanistic view of natureC) environmental determinismD) the environmental perception school

180. The school of thought that emphasizes a culture's mental images of nature—whether accurate or inaccurate—is the school of:A) possibilismB) the mechanistic view of natureC) environmental determinismD) environmental perception

181. A topic commonly studied by those who view nature–culture interactions through the lens of environmental perception is:A) diffusion of religious practicesB) colonialismC) natural hazardsD) political systems





182. According to the figure shown here, Chongqing and San Francisco have all of the following characteristics in common EXCEPT:A) both were developed on elongated, hilly sitesB) both follow a strict gridiron pattern in their streetsC) both are flanked by water on all but one sideD) both were connected in the twentieth century by bridges to adjacent land across the water

183. Which statement is NOT consistent with an organic view of nature?A) People are part of nature.B) Trees, animals, and landscapes are animated by various types of spirits.C) Human lives are intertwined with natural phenomena.D) Humans are dominant over the environment.

184. Which statement is NOT consistent with a mechanistic view of nature?A) Humans hold dominion over nature.B) Various parts of the landscape, such as mountains and rivers, possess a soul.C) The habitat is composed of natural forces that can be understood by the human mind.D) The habitat is an integrated system of mechanisms.

185. The school of thought that holds that humans mold nature is:A) humans as modifiers of the EarthB) the mechanistic view of natureC) environmental determinismD) environmental perception




186. The opposite of environmental determinism is:A) humans as modifiers of the EarthB) the mechanistic view of natureC) environmental determinismD) environmental perception

187. The _____ school of thought is the opposite of environmental determinism.A) humans-as-modifiersB) passive-humanC) organicD) folkloristic

188. The magnitude and speed of environmental alteration are controlled by:A) invention and diffusionB) access to energy and technologyC) cultural interactionD) access to natural resources

189. _____ holds that, as result of socialization, women have been better ecologists and environmentalists than men have.A) Nature–cultureB) PossibilismC) EcofeminismD) Gynoecology

190. The built forms that human societies created in inhabiting the Earth are part of the:A) natural landscapeB) ecological landscapeC) ecofeminismD) cultural landscape

191. People's interaction with nature is visibly expressed in:A) topophiliaB) culture regionsC) modelsD) the cultural landscape

192. Which statement is NOT true of climate and climate change?A) Carbon dioxide helps keep warmth trapped in Earth's atmosphere.B) Science has proven that recent fluctuations in climate are exclusively human-induced.C) In the twentieth century, the greatest increases in Earth's surface temperature have been recorded since 1978.D) The burning of fossil fuels is related to the increase in carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere and may therefore be related

to increased temperatures.

193. Many people believe that the best example of African architecture south of the Sahara can be found in:A) Pretoria, South AfricaB) the region of Lake VictoriaC) the Great Zimbabwe National MonumentD) the tiny enclave of Lesotho

194. The natural resource found in abundance in the Kingdom of Zimbabwe was:A) copperB) silverC) goldD) bronze

195. The Great Zimbabwe was built by:A) the Shona peopleB) ancient EgyptiansC) Portuguese colonistsD) the government of modern-day Uganda

196. Which country does NOT border modern-day Zimbabwe?A) BotswanaB) MozambiqueC) ZambiaD) Namibia




197. Which statement is NOT true of the cultural landscape?A) Its physical form is similar from region to region and from country to country.B) It reflects the culture that created it.C) It is created by humans.D) It is integrated with the natural environment.


198. The photo shown here would likely be found at the entrance to which part of a U.S. city?A) Little ItalyB) ChinatownC) the central business directD) Little Cuba

199. In some Islamic cities, the mosque is by far the largest building in the area, thus showing the importance of religion in the city. In this case, we might say that the mosques are an important part of the:A) elitist landscapeB) symbolic landscapeC) settlement landscapeD) ecosystem

200. Centrality and dominance of Catholicism in medieval Europe was symbolized by the height of:A) castlesB) monasteriesC) cathedralsD) roadside shrines

201. Which cultural assumption is NOT built into the typical American or Canadian house?A) the need for individual privacyB) the idea that functions (such as cooking and eating) should be kept separateC) the notion that the household is a hierarchy with the parents in chargeD) the idea that multiple families should live and work together

202. Which areas tend to be MOST nucleated?A) rural areasB) farm areasC) urban areasD) suburban areas

203. The study of the spatial arrangement of roads, buildings, and other features constructed by the people who inhabit an area is the study of:A) dispersalB) architectural stylesC) land-division patternsD) settlement forms

204. The best way to view settlement and land-division patterns overall is:A) walking at ground levelB) traveling through the area by bicycleC) driving by in a carD) from the air





205. The stick image shown here is a(n):A) mapB) animal trapC) fishing netD) beacon for navigators




Answer Key

1. A2. A3. B4. A5. A6. A7. A8. B9. B

10. A11. A12. B13. A14. A15. A16. A17. B18. B19. B20. A21. B22. B23. B24. A25. A26. B27. A28. A29. A30. B31. B32. A33. A34. A35. A36. A37. A38. B39. A40. A41. A42. B43. B44. A45. B46. A47. B48. A49. B50. A51. A52. A53. A54. A55. A56. B57. B58. B59. A60. A61. B62. A63. A64. B65. A66. A67. B68. B69. A70. A71. A72. B73. B74. D75. B76. A




77. B78. D79. A80. C81. D82. D83. C84. A85. C86. D87. D88. C89. B90. C91. B92. A93. D94. D95. B96. B97. C98. D99. D

100. D101. C102. C103. A104. B105. C106. D107. C108. D109. A110. D111. B112. A113. D114. C115. A116. D117. B118. C119. D120. B121. B122. D123. D124. B125. A126. A127. A128. A129. D130. B131. A132. B133. B134. D135. D136. D137. D138. A139. D140. A141. B142. C143. B144. C145. C146. B147. D148. C149. C150. A151. B152. D153. B154. A




155. A156. C157. C158. D159. D160. B161. D162. C163. A164. D165. C166. A167. D168. A169. B170. D171. D172. B173. D174. B175. A176. D177. C178. C179. A180. D181. C182. B183. D184. B185. A186. A187. A188. B189. C190. D191. D192. B193. C194. C195. A196. D197. A198. B199. B200. C201. D202. C203. D204. D205. A




name: date: a) true · 80. learned collective human behavior is known as: a) instinct b) husbandry...

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