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Oklahoma State Department of Education, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

S E C U R I T Y W A R N I N G

All passages, stimuli, and questions used in the Oklahoma State Testing Program (OSTP) are CONFIDENTIAL and must be kept SECURE at all times. Unauthorized use, duplication, or reproduction of ANY portion of the OSTP is prohibited. A violation of security may result in sanctions including, but not limited to, disciplinary action by a local board of education, the revocation of Oklahoma teaching certification by the Oklahoma State Board of Education as authorized by Oklahoma Administrative Codes 210:10-13-4(14), and civil liability pursuant to federal copyright law.

NAME ______________________________________ SCHOOL __________________________________

Spring

2017

Oklahoma School Testing Program High School

U.S. History Test Booklet

OK_Spring17_USH.indd 1 11/4/2016 11:45:13 AM

Printed in U.S.A.

Developed and published under contract with the Oklahoma State Department of Education by Measured Progress, 100 Education Way, Dover, NH 03820. Copyright © 2017 by the Oklahoma State Department of Education. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the Oklahoma State Department of Education.

Acknowledgments

Poster: “The Combination That Will Win the War,” Library of Congress.

Photo: Senator Joseph McCarthy, 1954, Library of Congress.

Excerpt: June 1982 Resolution in Congress, Library of Congress.

Graph: “Women in the Workforce,” U.S. Census Bureau.

Photo: Portrait of Louis Armstrong, Library of Congress.

Poster: “World Power,” Library of Congress.

Photo: Camp David Summit, National Archives.

Photo: George McLaurin, Library of Congress.

Poster: “Get a War Job,” National Archives.

OK_Spring17_USH.indd 2 11/4/2016 11:45:13 AM

1OK_EOI_15-16_Spring_Hist

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Section 1

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2OK_EOI_15-16_Spring_Hist 2



STOP

Directions Read each question and choose the best answer. Find the question number in the answer document that matches the question number in the test booklet. Then mark your answer in the answer document.

Sample A

The “separate but equal” doctrine established by the Supreme Court in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the use of

A Jim Crow laws.

B voting rights restrictions.

C forced busing of students.

D Affi rmative Action programs.

Sample B

Which territory shown on the map was acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War?

F F

G G

H H

J J

Section 1

143712A Key: A

143714A Key: C



Section 1

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156292A Multiple Choice C Common

1 Which of these describes the impact of the Zimmerman Note in 1917?

A It made the United States less likely to declare war on Mexico.

B It made the United States more likely to declare war on France.

C It made the United States more likely to declare war on Germany.

D It made the United States less likely to declare war on Great Britain.

143393A Multiple Choice B Common

2

During the late 1800s and early 1900s,settlement houses opened in urban areas to support local immigrants. The houses offered support and education. Immigrants found day care help and classes in English language, American government, technical skills, cooking, sewing, art, music, and job training.

Which of these classes taught at the settlement houses best reflects the goals of Americanization?

F cooking

G language

H job training

J technical skills

143526A Multiple Choice D Common EQ

3 One accomplishment of President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy was

A supporting the League of Nations.

B opposing Cuban independence.

C discouraging U.S. intervention in Latin America.

D encouraging the construction of the Panama Canal.



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Section 1


Study the excerpt. Then answer Number 4.

4

Russia and the United States do not regard each other as potential adversaries. From now on, the relationship will be characterized by friendship and partnership founded on mutual trust and respect and a common commitment to democracy and economic freedom.

—U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Russian Federation President Boris N. Yeltsin,

in a joint declaration, February 2, 1992

What event led to this declaration?

F the rise of the Iron Curtain

G the collapse of the Soviet Union

H the decline of political stability in Western Europe

J the deployment of coalition troops to the Yugoslav Republics



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143442A Multiple Choice C Common EQ

5

This poster was createdin the United States

in 1917, duringWorld War I.

Source: Library of Congress

What was the purpose of the poster?

A to inspire people to join the military

B to encourage people to buy war bonds

C to remind people of their part in the war effort

D to show people that the military was successful


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Section 1

140954A Multiple Choice C Field Test/Pilot

6 How did the Soviet launch of the first artificial satellite lead to Americans landing on the moon?

F The American moon landing depended on life-sustaining technology the Soviets perfected with their launch of the fi rst artifi cial satellite.

G The American moon landing craft copied the dimensions and design of the Soviet satellite because of its proven success.

H Americans regarded the Soviet launch as a challenge and established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

J Americans wanted to reach the moon so they could establish a base from which to spy on the Soviet satellite program.



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7

June 20, 2013

In the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, concerns about further acts of terror loomed large. As a result, authorities began investigating persons living in the United States that they suspected had ties to terrorism. Some were even the subject of communications surveillance, including telephone wiretapping and email monitoring. These actions were carried out under the now controversial USA PATRIOT Act, which was passed to deter and punish acts of terrorism.

A Look Back at the USA PATRIOT Act

Based on the newspaper clipping, which statement would reflect the opinion of someone who opposed the USA PATRIOT Act?

A It deals gently with suspected terrorists.

B It nearly depletes the U.S. defense budget.

C It infringes upon the civil rights of U.S. citizens.

D It increases the chance of further threats to national security.



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Section 1

167823A Multiple Choice A Common

8 Which statement best describes a reason for the booming economy in the 1920s?

F People had access to easy credit and layaway plans.

G The number of people owning an automobile more than doubled.

H African Americans were migrating north for better opportunities and jobs.

J The U.S. government maintained a laissez-faire policy for the Stock Market.



Section 1

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9

September 15, 1952

The Struggle on the Great Plains

During World War I the price of food skyrocketed, encouraging farmers and ranchers to increase production. Livestock, land equipment, and seed were bought on credit to meet the soaring demand. When the war ended, demand decreased. Loans became increasingly difficult to pay. Low prices for wheat, beef, and other products prevented farmers from paying off the existing loans. Growing more crops and buying more livestock seemed like the only way to earn more money to pay off the loans. Flooding the market with more products only forced prices lower.

As farmers tried to increase their income through increased production, the farm land suffered erosion from poor agricultural practices. Further complicating the issue were drought conditions leading to huge dust storms. In many cases the farms became worthless and families were forced to move away from the Great Plains.

According to the article, what was most likely the reason for the overproduction of farm products after World War I?

A The cost of farm equipment dropped.

B Farmers were paid high prices for farm products.

C Farmers wanted to increase their profi ts to reduce their debt.

D People across the country began to demand more farm products.



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Section 1


10

A new campaignfinance lawwas passed.

?

New FBIinvestigativeguidelines

were created.

Distrust ofAmerican

public officialsincreased.

The Ethics inGovernment

Act waspassed.

Which title best completes the diagram?

F Effects of the 1973 Oil Embargo

G Effects of the Watergate Scandal

H Consequences of the Vietnam War

J Results of the 1972 Presidential Election



Section 1

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141130A Multiple Choice A Field Test/Pilot

11

The first and plainest need of these people is a recognition of their actual status and by this I mean their status as Jews. Most of them have spent years in the worst of the concentration camps. In many cases . . . they are the sole survivors of their families . . . Understandably. . . their present condition, physical and mental, is far worse than that of other groups.

—Earl G. Harrison, from the Harrison Report, c. August 1945

Earl G. Harrison served as the U.S. representative on the Intergovernmental Commission on Refugees from 1945 to 1946. What was the main purpose of the Harrison Report?

A to encourage a political response to the Holocaust

B to secure more witnesses for the Nazi war crimes trials

C to create a stronger bond between the military and Congress

D to provide justifi cation for using atomic bombs against Axis Powers



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Section 1

157469A Multiple Choice B Common EQ

12

Source: The Library of Congress

Senator Joseph McCarthy, 1954

Accusations made by Senator McCarthy during the Cold War most likely contributed to

F an appreciation for people serving in the military.

G a fear that communists wanted to destroy American life.

H a belief that spying was necessary to discover communists.

J an acceptance of investigations into the personal lives of Americans.



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13

Whereas naval units of the Communist regime in Vietnam…havedeliberately and repeatedly attacked United States naval vesselslawfully present in international waters, and have thereby createda serious threat to international peace…

Congress approves and supports the determination of thePresident, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measuresto repel any armed attack against the forces of the United Statesand to prevent further aggression.

—Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 1964

The Tonkin Gulf Resolution was controversial because the president was granted authority

A to reinstate the military draft.

B to appoint military commanders.

C to use military force without congressional approval.

D to appropriate funds to continue fi ghting the war.



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Section 1


14

In the long run under capitalism these improvements [resulting from new technologies] have made more things possible and hence more jobs and shorter hours. But in the short run they have thrown out men with less consideration than a farmer has to give his mule. And children eat or cry for bread in the short run!

—Norman Thomas,Why I Am a Socialist, 1932

What is the main concern that Norman Thomas addresses in the excerpt?

F low wages

G economic insecurity

H poor working conditions

J corporate political power



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15

Without a declaration of war and without warning or justification of any kind, civilians, including vast numbers of women and children, are being ruthlessly murdered with bombs from the air. In times of so-called peace, ships are being attacked and sunk by submarines without cause or notice. Nations are . . . taking sides in civil warfare in nations that have never done them any harm.

—President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response toJapan invading China, October 5, 1937

In the quotation, President Roosevelt is foreshadowing the abandonment of which foreign policy?

A isolationism

B containment

C protectionism

D interventionism

167788A Multiple Choice D Common

16

“ Nonviolence is a powerful and just weapon. Indeed, it is a weapon unique in history, which cuts without wounding and [honors] the man who wields it.”

Which person most likely made this statement?

F Malcolm X

G Ada Lois Sipuel

H Thurgood Marshall

J Martin Luther King, Jr.



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Section 1

141136A Multiple Choice D Field Test/Pilot

17

Whereas the successful prosecution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense material, national-defense premises, and national-defense utilities . . . the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion.

—President Franklin Roosevelt,Executive Order 9066, 1942

This executive order issued by President Roosevelt during World War II resulted in which action?

A segregation of public schools

B formation of the United Nations

C passage of civil rights legislation

D internment of Japanese Americans



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158335A Multiple Choice A Common EQ

18 WHEREAS it is essential that there be maintained in the armed services of the United States the highest standards of democracy, with equality of treatment and opportunity for all those who serve in our country’s defense:NOW THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, and as Commander in Chief of the armed services, it is hereby ordered as follows:1. It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.

—President Harry S. Truman,Executive Order 9981, 1948

Which group was most likely to benefit from this order?

F minority soldiers

G female soldiers

H white soldiers

J older soldiers



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Section 1


19 This is an excerpt from a flyer printed after Rosa Parks was arrested. This was the start of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955.

Another Negro woman has been arrested and thrown in jail because she refused to get up out of her seat on the bus for a white person to sit down. . . . This has to be stopped. Negroes have rights, too, for if Negroes did not ride the buses, they could not operate. Three-fourths of the riders are Negroes, yet we are arrested, or have to stand over empty seats. If we do not do something to stop these arrests, they continue. . . . We are, therefore, asking every Negro to stay off the buses Monday in protest of the arrest and trial.

The reason for the bus boycott was

A to have Rosa Parks released from jail.

B to stop white Americans from riding the buses.

C to end segregation on the Montgomery city buses.

D to allow African Americans to work as bus drivers.



Section 1

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20

Expresses the sense of the Congress that: (1) Israel should be commended for complying with the Camp David Accords by returning the Sinai to Egypt; and

(2) the United States should assure that Israel maintains a qualitative military edge in the Middle East.

—a Resolution introduced in Congress, June 1982

Source: The Library of Congress

What was the commitment of United States in the Camp David Accords?

F The United States helps Egypt gain more land in the region.

G The United States ensures that Israel complies with the accords.

H The United States commends Egypt for its ability to compromise.

J The United States helps Israel maintain a military advantage in the region.



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Section 1


21

• insures money placed in most banks and savings associations

• encourages people to trust banks• protects bank accounts from loss if an

insured bank or savings association fails

Which New Deal legislation does this list describe?

A SSA

B SEC

C TVA

D FDIC


22 “There can be no greater issue than that of conservation in this country. Just as we must conserve our men, women and children, so we must conserve the resources of the land on which they live.”

—Theodore Roosevelt, 1912

Based on the information in the quote, which of these might have received President Theodore Roosevelt’s approval?

F Panama Canal

G Mount Rushmore

H Environmental Protection Agency

J Department of Homeland Security



Section 1

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23

0

10

20

30

40

50Women in the Workforce

In M

illio

ns

1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975Year

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Which statement is supported by the information in the graph?

A By 1975, most working women held managerial positions.

B Women’s wages have exceeded men’s wages.

C World War II provided a long-term stimulus for women to work outside the home.

D Since 1950, the number of American women joining the labor force has decreased.



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Section 1


24

February 27, 1993

Middle Eastern ExtremistsSet Explosives in Garage

of the World Trade Center

Which statement describes the impact of the 1993 World Trade Center attack?

F The United States retaliated by declaring war with Afghanistan.

G The U.S. immigration system was reformed to prevent future attacks.

H The Federal Bureau of Investigation began tracking militia groups in the United States.

J The U.S. government became more concerned about the threat of international terrorism.



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25 For over 40 years, the United States led the West in the struggle against Communism and the threat it posed to our most precious values. This struggle shaped the lives of all Americans. It forced all nations to live under the specter [threat] of nuclear destruction . . .That confrontation is now over. The nuclear threat—while far from gone—is receding. Eastern Europe is free. The Soviet Union itself is no more. This is a victory for democracy and freedom. It’s a victory for the moral force of our values. Every American can take pride in this victory, from the millions of men and women who have served our country in uniform, to millions of Americans who supported their country and a strong defense under nine presidents.

— excerpt from speech given by President George H. W. Bush,December 25, 1991

Based on the information in the excerpt, which action of the United States influenced the fall of the Soviet Union?

A The United States forced change through nuclear armament.

B The United States forced change by threatening confrontation.

C The United States encouraged change through peaceful negotiations.

D The United States encouraged change by promoting democratic values.


26 In 1939, Albert Einstein warned President Franklin Roosevelt that German scientists were researching atomic weapons. What was the United States’ response to this information?

F the Marshall Plan

G the Atlantic Charter

H the Yalta Conference

J the Manhattan Project



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Section 1


27

It is believed that a trial of Richard Nixon, if it became necessary, could not fairly begin until a year or more has elapsed. In the meantime, the tranquility to which this nation has been restored by the events of recent weeks could be irreparably lost by the prospects of bringing to trial a former President of the United States. The prospects of such trial will cause prolonged and divisive debate over the propriety of exposing to further punishment and degradation a man who has already paid the unprecedented penalty of relinquishing the highest elective office of the United States.

Now, Therefore, I, Gerald R. Ford, President of the United States, pursuant to the pardon power conferred upon me by Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution, have granted and by these presents do grant a full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States which he, Richard Nixon, has committed or may have committed or taken part in during the period from January 20, 1969 through August 9, 1974.

—President Gerald R. Ford, Presidential Proclamation 4311,

September 8, 1974

What reason does President Ford give for pardoning Richard Nixon?

A He believes that a trial would divide the country.

B He believes that there is insuffi cient evidence of guilt.

C He believes that Nixon has been insuffi ciently punished.

D He believes that Nixon should be rewarded for his accomplishments.



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28 What was the purpose of the Selective Service Act of 1917?

F to raise money for the military

G to draft men to join the military

H to pay the salaries of senior military offi cers

J to choose the locations of military bases in the United States


29 What was the main result of the Stock Market Crash of 1929?

A the beginning of the Red Scare

B the onset of the Great Depression

C the exposure of the Teapot Dome scandal

D the creation of the Federal Reserve System



GO ON

Section 1


30


What aspect of the Harlem Renaissance is reflected in this photograph?

F the popularity of African American music

G the revival of big bands in New York City

H the isolation of musicians in New York City

J the closing of African American blues clubs



Section 1

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141060A Multiple Choice A Field Test/Pilot

31

PhilippinesHawaii

Puerto Rico

Samoa Islands

United States

Based on this cartoon, after the Spanish-American War the United States became a world power by

A gaining new territory.

B increasing foreign aid.

C forming new alliances.

D returning to isolationism.



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Section 1


32 Within the United Nations, this country and other countries have hoped to establish an international force for the use of the United Nations in preserving peace throughout the world. Our efforts to establish this force, however, have been blocked by one of the major powers [Soviet Union] . . . There are those who claim that this treaty is an aggressive act on the part of the nations which ring the North Atlantic . . . Twice in recent years these nations have felt the sickening blow of unprovoked aggression. Our peoples, to whom our governments are responsible, demand that these things shall not happen again . . . The nations represented here are bound together by ties of long standing. We are joined by a common heritage of democracy, individual liberty, and rule of law. These are the ties of a peaceful way of life. In this pact we give them formal recognition.—from President Harry S. Truman’s speech at the signing ceremony for

the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),April 1, 1949

According to the excerpt, which conclusion can be drawn about the reason President Truman agreed to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?

F The Soviet Union was intervening militarily in Eastern European nations in order to take over leadership of the United Nations.

G The United Nations had failed to prevent Soviet takeovers in Europe because its peace-keeping force had been driven out of the region.

H The Soviet Union’s attacks made it necessary to create a separate alliance for the protection of European and North Atlantic democracies.

J A military alliance between the North Atlantic and Soviet nations would secure enough support for the creation of an international security force.



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33 Unemployment is becoming more severe. . . . We have acted as individuals or through corrupt organizations and have failed to get any results from the robber class and their political [yes-men]. We have learned the bitter lesson of disappointment by individual action. Therefore, let us unite in this struggle for the right to live. . . . show your solidarity to support the unemployed delegation which is presenting to Congress on February 10th the following national demands of the 10,000,000 unemployed in the United States . . .

—Seattle Demonstration Flyer, 1931

Which social change during the Great Depression resulted from the actions of the unemployed described in this excerpt?

A the growth of labor unions

B a change in marriage laws

C the creation of shanty towns

D an increase in mass migrations



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Section 1


34

August 20, 1958

Students Order Up Equality

Yesterday, Marie Bennett was part of a group of young African Americans who went to Katz Drug Store in Oklahoma City. The students sat down at the lunch counter and ordered sodas. The woman who organized the group, Clara Luper, told them that she was very proud of them for their actions.

August 20, 1958

Students Order Up Equality

Yesterday, Marie Bennett was part of a group of young African Americans who went to Katz Drug Store in Oklahoma City. The students sat down at the lunch counter and ordered sodas. The woman who organized the group, Clara Luper, told them that she was very proud of them for their actions.

How are the actions of these students reflected in the United States today?

F Serving food inside drug stores is illegal.

G Discrimination within public places is illegal.

H Organized assembly inside drug stores is prohibited.

J Protesting within commercial establishments is prohibited.



Section 1

STOP


35 So, tonight, in the hope that this action will lead to early talks, I am taking the first step to deescalate the conflict. We are reducing—substantially reducing—the present level of hostilities.

And we are doing so unilaterally, and at once.

Tonight, I have ordered our aircraft and our naval vessels to make no attacks on North Vietnam, except in the area north of the demilitarized zone where the continuing enemy buildup directly threatens allied forward positions and where the movements of their troops and supplies are clearly related to that threat.

The area in which we are stopping our attacks includes almost 90 percent of North Vietnam’s population, and most of its territory. Thus there will be no attacks around the principal populated areas, or in the food-producing areas of North Vietnam.

Even this very limited bombing of the North could come to an early end—if our restraint is matched by restraint in Hanoi. But I cannot in good conscience stop all bombing so long as to do so would immediately and directly endanger the lives of our men and our allies. Whether a complete bombing halt becomes possible in the future will be determined by events.

—President Lyndon B. Johnson, March 31, 1968

What was President Johnson’s intention in halting the bombing of North Vietnam?

A to increase the scale of violence in Vietnam

B to signal his intention to negotiate with North Vietnam

C to remind the South Vietnamese of the limits of U.S. commitment

D to signal the beginning of the U.S. withdrawal from southeastern Asia



STOPEND OF SECTION 1


GO ON35OK_EOI_15-16_Spring_Hist

Section 2



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Section 2


36

WE REJECT the current assumptions that a man must carry the sole burden of supporting himself, his wife, and family, and that a woman is automatically entitled to lifelong support by a man upon her marriage, or that marriage, home, and family are primarily woman’s world and responsibility. . . . We believe that a true partnership . . . demands adifferent concept of marriage, an equitablesharing of the responsibilities of home andchildren and of the economic burdens oftheir support.

—National Organization for Women’s 1966 Statement of Purpose

Which statement is the best example of women supporting the beliefs expressed in this excerpt?

F Women have less interest in equal pay.

G Women are pursuing more diverse careers.

H Women have fewer opportunities in education.

J Women are devoting more time to leisure activities.



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Section 2


37

1. _________________

A. Better relations with Mexico and Canada B. Elimination of trade barriers C. Job creation

?

Which topic would complete this outline?

A World Trade Organization (WTO)

B Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)

C North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

D Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)


38 • more than 320,000 casualties in World War I• worldwide influenza epidemic• bombing and violence by radical immigrants

Which phrase describes the United States’ immediate response to these events?

F an investment of federal funding for medical improvement

G the ratifi cation of a constitutional amendment against war

H a plan for medical research for disease prevention

J the return to a foreign policy of isolation



GO ON

Section 2

143347A Passage Common

Study the timeline. Then answer question 39.

The French Army is defeated at Dien Bien Phu. The Geneva Accords establish independent Indochina. Vietnam is divided between the Viet Minh-controlled North and the pro-Western South led by Ngo Dinh Diem until national elections to be held in 1956.

1954

Fearing a communist victory, the United States encourages Diem to refuse to hold elections.

1956

The Southern Viet Minh, now called the Viet Cong, rebels against Diem. U.S. President Eisenhower supplies weapons and military advisers to South Vietnam.

1957

U.S. President Kennedy agrees to supply combat troops, mainly helicopter pilots, in addition to advisers to the South Vietnamese army.

1961

Diem’s anti-Buddhist campaign leads the United States to encourage a military coup against him. The coup is successful and he is assassinated.

1963

The Gulf of Tonkin incident leads to a U.S. commitment to supply ground troops to fight in South Vietnam.1964

The first American soldiers are killed in Vietnam conflict.1959

Japan’s occupation of Indochina ends. Vietnam declares independence. U.S. supports the re-establishment of French rule.1945

The Communist-led Viet Minh in Tonkin begin fighting the French.

U.S. President Truman gives U.S. support to the French war effort.

1946

1950



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Section 2


39 Based on the information in the timeline, how did the relationship between the United States and Ngo Dinh Diem change?

A The U.S. government initially opposed his rule but later supported him militarily.

B The U.S. government initially supported him but later encouraged his overthrow.

C The U.S. government tried to exile him but later appointed him as leader of Vietnam.

D The U.S. government favored his election but later denied him entry into the United States.



GO ON

Section 2


40 And be it further enacted, That when the people of any one of said rebel States shall have formed a constitution of government in conformity with the Constitution of the United States in all respects, framed by a convention of delegates elected by the male citizens of said State, twenty-one years old and upward, of whatever race, color, or previous condition . . . and when such constitution shall provide that the elective franchise shall be enjoyed by all such persons as have the qualifications herein stated for electors of delegates, . . . and when such constitution shall have been submitted to [the U.S.] Congress for examination and approval, and Congress shall have approved the same, and when said State . . . shall have adopted the amendment to the Constitution of the United States, proposed by the Thirty-ninth Congress, and known as article fourteen, and when such article shall have become a part of the Constitution of the United States, said State shall be declared entitled to representation in Congress, and senators and representatives shall be admitted therefrom on their taking the oath prescribed by law . . .

—Reconstruction Acts of 1867, Section 5

Which conclusion is supported by the specific details of this act?

F Southern states were using black codes to prevent the passage of the 14th Amendment.

G African Americans who were elected in southern states were being illegally removed from offi ce.

H Congress was willing to refuse southern states re-admittance until African Americans were elected.

J Congress created the 14th Amendment to prevent southern states from enforcing black codes.



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Section 2

167743A Multiple Choice B Field Test/Pilot

Study the excerpt. Then answer Number 41.

41

The Iran/contra investigation will not end the kind of abuse of power that it addressed any more than the Watergate investigation did. The criminality in both affairs did not arise primarily out of ordinary [corruption] or greed, although some of those charged were driven by both. Instead, the crimes committed in Iran/contra were motivated by the desire of persons in high office to pursue controversial policies and goals even when the pursuit of those policies and goals was inhibited or restricted by executive orders, statutes or the constitutional system of checks and balances.

The tone in Iran/contra was set by President Reagan. He directed that the contras be supported, despite a ban on contra aid imposed on him by Congress. And he was willing to trade arms to Iran for the release of Americans held hostage in the Middle East, even if doing so was contrary to the nation’s stated policy and possibly in violation of the law.

—Lawrence Walsh, Final Report of the IndependentCounsel, August 4, 1993

Which conclusion can be drawn from this report?

A The honesty of the U.S. military was questioned.

B The integrity of the U.S. political process was damaged.

C The misconduct led to the withdrawal of Republican political support for the president.

D The corruption led to a Democratic win in the next presidential election by a narrow margin.



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Section 2


Study the list. Then answer Number 42.

42

The Neutrality Act of 1937 established that:

• No U.S. ships may travel in a war zone.• No loans or credit may be granted to countries at war.• No Americans may travel on ships of warring countries.• No U.S. ships may carry goods or passengers to countries at

war.• No foreign ships may carry supplies from the United States to

foreign naval ships.• No weapons or war supplies may be sold to countries in a war

or opposing sides in a civil war.

According to the list, which assumption about international relations is revealed by the Neutrality Act of 1937?

F U.S. military power would deter any possible aggressor.

G Foreign nations would be unable to make war without U.S. support.

H The United States would avoid war by avoiding contact with warring nations.

J The United States would depend on the League of Nations to keep the peace.



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Section 2


43

August 1958

Yesterday, a group of African Americans entered a drug store in Oklahoma and sat down and ordered at a segregated lunch counter. The African Americans were not served.

Sit-in in Oklahoma

May 1961

Last week, a group of seven African Americans and six whites, who were all members of CORE, a civil rights organization, began what has become known as a Freedom Ride. The students rode together on buses, knowing that the segregationists would protest their action.

Freedom Ride Begins

How were the actions of these two groups of people similar?

A Both groups used nonviolent protests to gain support for their causes.

B Both groups used voter registration drives to gain civil rights.

C Both groups used boycotts to gain support for their causes.

D Both groups used militant tactics to gain civil rights.



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44 I speak of peace because of the new face of war. Total war makes no sense in an age when great powers can maintain large and relatively invulnerable nuclear forces and refuse to surrender without resort to those forces. It makes no sense in an age when a single nuclear weapon contains almost ten times the explosive force delivered by all the allied air forces in the Second World War. It makes no sense in an age when the deadly poisons produced by a nuclear exchange would be carried by wind and water and soil and seed to the far corners of the globe and to generations yet unborn.

—from a speech by President John F. Kennedyon June 10, 1963, at American University in Washington, D.C.

Based on the quote, how does President Kennedy believe that nations’ stockpiling of nuclear weapons relates to the concept of “total war”?

F “Total war” refers to the idea that all nations’ security will be increased by the presence of nuclear weapons.

G “Total war” refers to the idea that two warring countries who have nuclear weapons will continue fi ghting indefi nitely.

H “Total war” refers to the idea that mutual destruction will be the end result of a war between two countries that have nuclear weapons.

J “Total war” refers to the idea that conventional military forces and weapons will no longer be used by countries that have nuclear weapons.



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45 My brethren and my friends who are here before me this day, God Almighty has made us all, and He is here to bless what I have to say to you today. The Good Spirit made us both. He gave you lands and He gave us lands; He gave us these lands; you came in here, and we respected you as brothers. . . .In 1868 men came out and brought papers. We are ignorant and do not read papers, and they did not tell us right what was in these papers. We wanted them to take away their forts, leave our country, would not make war, and give our traders something. They said we had bound ourselves to trade on the Missouri, and we said, no, we did not want that. The interpreters deceived us. . . .. . . We do not want riches, we do not ask for riches, but we want our children properly trained and brought up. . . . We would like to know why commissioners are sent out there to do nothing but rob [us] and get the riches of this world away from us?

—Chief Red Cloud of the Sioux Nation,Cooper Union Hall, New York City, 1870

Which government action was Red Cloud describing in this speech?

A sending soldiers to fi ght Native Americans to take over their land

B attempting to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream society

C misleading Native Americans about the contents of treaties they signed

D breaking up Native American land into small parcels for individual farming



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46

13th Amendment

14th Amendment

15th Amendment

?

Which event best completes this diagram?

F the election of 1868

G the end of Reconstruction

H the Emancipation Proclamation

J the advancement of civil rights


47 Why were sit-down strikes effective?

A Production was halted during sit-down strikes.

B Government offi cials supported sit-down strikes.

C Sit-down strikes were more violent than other labor union activities.

D Sit-down strikes received more public sympathy than other labor union activities.



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48

Why are we in South Viet-Nam? . . .

We are . . . there because there are great stakes in the balance. Let no one think for a moment that retreat from Viet-Nam would bring an end to conflict. The battle would be renewed in one country and then another. The central lesson of our time is that the appetite of aggression is never satisfied.

—President Lyndon B. Johnson, speechat Johns Hopkins University,

April 1965

Which U.S. foreign policy did President Lyndon B. Johnson describe in this excerpt?

F domino theory

G isolationism

H imperialism

J free trade



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49


E xpans ionWorld P o wer


ExpansionWorld Power

Based on the message expressed in the image, at the end of the Spanish-American War the United States entered an age of

A recession.

B depression.

C imperialism.

D isolationism.



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50

One of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. This was a fundamental issue in the war with Germany and Japan. Our victory was won over countries which sought to impose their will, and their way of life, upon other nations.

—President Harry S. Truman,Truman Doctrine speech, 1947

According to the quotation, how did the Truman Doctrine affect the U.S. response to the invasion of South Korea?

F U.S. citizens voted to use nuclear force to protect South Korea if necessary.

G The U.S. military defended South Korea to protect the country from communists.

H The U.S. military defended South Korea to protect economic interests in the region.

J U.S. citizens voted to send money to help South Korea protect itself from communists.


51 Which phrase best describes the Southern reaction to the 15th Amendment?

A Voting barriers were created.

B Minority candidates were recruited.

C New political parties were encouraged.

D Former government offi cials were arrested.



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52

Trouble had been brewing in Tulsa before the riot broke out the night of May 31, 1921. . . . In fact, the day before the riot there was an incident right in front of our house. A group of angry white men were roaming up and down our street. They were so full of anger, jealousy, and rage. . . . They were especially jealous of men like my father and grandfatherwho had nice homes and businesses. My Dadgot his gun and went out into the yard andordered the men off his property. He toldthem to respect his wife and children.

—Juanita Burnett Arnold, a survivor of the Tulsa riots of 1921

Which problem of the era is illustrated by the excerpt?

F economic depression

G lack of educational opportunities

H fear of communist activities

J increasing racial tensions


53 What effect did Henry Bessemer’s steel-making process have on industrial production methods?

A It allowed steel to be made more cheaply.

B It increased the labor needs for making steel.

C It allowed steel to be made in smaller factories.

D It enabled laborers to make steel under safer conditions.



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54

Native American students pose for a class picture in Oklahoma Territory in 1901.

According to the photograph, why were the students sent to this school?

F to learn how to preserve their native language

G to study the history of the tribes they represent

H to change their ways to that of the white culture

J to understand why they were placed on reservations



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143379A Passage Common 141143A Multiple Choice A Common

Study the image. Then answer Number 55.

55

Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin greeteach other at the Camp David Summit in 1978 as Jimmy Carter watches

Source: National Archives

Which statement describes the impact of this summit?

A The summit improved relations between Israel and Egypt.

B The summit created new tensions between Israel and Egypt.

C The summit improved relations between Egypt and other nations in Africa.

D The summit created new tensions between Israel and nations in Southern Asia.


56 Which event led to a dramatic increase in automobile ownership in the first decades of the 1900s?

F the onset of the Great Depression

G the introduction of gasoline engines

H the conclusion of a costly world war

J the introduction of the assembly line



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57 Which phrase describes the main reason the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor?

A to test Japanese aircraft carriers

B to destroy United States naval forces

C to free the Hawaiians from United States rule

D to block the Pacifi c route from Pearl Harbor


58

In the name of the American people, I ask that you release unharmed all Americans presently detained in Iran and those held with them and allow them to leave your country safely and without delay. I ask you to recognize the compelling humanitarian reasons, firmly based in international law, for doing so.—excerpt from a letter to Ayatollah Khomeini

from President Jimmy Carter,November 6, 1979

President Carter wrote this letter in an attempt to address which of these events?

F the Iranian hostage crisis

G the Iran-Contra Scandal

H the OPEC oil embargo

J the Kuwait invasion



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59

January 1933

September 1935

November 1938

June 1940

Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany.

Events Leading to the Nuremberg Trials

Nuremberg Race Laws decreed.

March 1933 Dachau concentration camp opens.

Jewish synagogues and businesses aredestroyed during Kristallnacht.

Auschwitz receives its first prisoners.

May 1945 Germany surrenders to the Allies.

November 1945 Trials begin at Nuremberg.

Which conclusion is best supported by the events of this timeline?

A Nazi political offi cials were punished for war crimes.

B Nazi military offi cials led efforts to end World War II.

C Allied forces increased military strength during the war.

D Germany made technological advances during World War II.


60 Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal and Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs were similar in that both

F caused labor union membership in the private sector to rise.

G used welfare programs in the states to accomplish their purposes.

H expanded the role of the U.S. government as the solver of domestic problems.

J were supported by most Democrats but opposed by some Republicans.



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61 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury . . . and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

—from the 6th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution

The 6th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was the basis of the Supreme Court decision in the case of Gideon v. Wainwright. One result of this court decision was that

A the courts must allow defendants to choose their judge.

B defendants in a criminal trial must testify in their own defense.

C attorneys for a criminal defendant must have special qualifi cations.

D the government must provide free legal assistance to defendants who cannot afford it.



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62

Behind me stands a wall that encircles the free sectors of this city, part of a vast system of barriers that divides the entire continent of Europe . . . As long as this gate is closed, as long as this scar of a wall is permitted to stand, it is not the German question alone that remains open, but the question of free-dom for all mankind . . .

General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate!

Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate!

Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!

—President Ronald Reagan, address atthe Brandenburg Gate, June 12, 1987

Which statement describes President Reagan’s goal in the speech?

F Reagan wanted Gorbachev to allow East and West Germany to reunite.

G Reagan wanted Gorbachev to allow Americans to enter the Soviet Union.

H Reagan wanted Gorbachev to allow Polish citizens to travel freely through Europe.

J Reagan wanted Gorbachev to allow Soviet citizens to immigrate to the United States.



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63 . . . [An act] to promote the defense of the United States, and for other purposes.

To manufacture in arsenals, factories, and shipyards under their jurisdiction, or otherwise procure . . . any defense article for the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.

—Lend-Lease Act, March 11, 1941

Which argument in favor of the Lend-Lease Act best supports the American policy of isolationism?

A If war supplies are given to the Allies, the British military campaign will be successful.

B If Allied nations are strengthened, the United States will not have to enter war.

C The United States should manufacture more weapons to give to Allied nations.

D The Allies must destroy the German Navy by any means necessary.



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64 Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force! You are about to embark upon a great crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers in arms on other fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.. . . Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. . . . The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to victory!

—General Dwight D. Eisenhower,message sent just prior to the

Normandy invasion, 1944

General Dwight D. Eisenhower believed this operation would

F contribute to the war against Japan.

G make up for the Allies’ earlier losses.

H be vital to the fi nal defeat of Germany.

J damage Germany’s strength in the air.



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65

Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (Israel),President Bill Clinton (United States)

and Yasser Arafat (PLO) onSept. 13, 1993.

This photograph illustrates President Clinton’s commitment to

A military alliances.

B peace negotiations.

C global partnerships.

D economic agreements.



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66

Cause Effect

OPEC institutes an oil embargo on nations

that support Israel.

Israel pulls out of the Sinai and the Golan Heights as encour-aged by the United

States.

Oil prices increase and oil production in OPEC nations drops.

?

Cause Effect

OPEC institutes an oil embargo on

nations that support Israel.

Israel pulls out of the Sinai and the Golan Heights as encouraged by

the United States.

Oil prices increase and oil production in OPEC nations

drops.

?

Which sentence completes the table?

F The oil embargo is lifted.

G The production of oil ceases.

H The shortage of oil reserves ends.

J The price of oil increases dramatically.



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67

BEST THING IN THE WEST!Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe RR.

LANDSTHREE MILLION ACRES

Situated in and near the Arkansas Valley,the Finest Portion of Kansas!

Eleven Years’ Credit: Seven per cent. Interest: 22 1/2 per cent.Reduction to Settlers who Improve.

A FREE PASS TO LAND BUYERS!

This advertisement from the 1870s encouraged immigrants

A to mine for gold in the Rocky Mountains.

B to buy homes near factories in the East.

C to move to small towns in the South.

D to start farms in the Great Plains.



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68

George McLaurin at the Universityof Oklahoma, 1948


What legal concept was being enforced in this photo?

F integration

G desegregation

H affi rmative action

J separate but equal



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69

Source: National Archives

During World War II, wartime mobilization mainly affected American women because

A women had limited opportunities in the workforce.

B women gained new freedoms in the workforce.

C more women held managerial positions.

D fewer women joined the military.



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70

“We agree that this is not an American problem or a European problem or a Middle East problem: It is the world’s problem.”

—President George H.W. Bush in a speech on August 8, 1990

With which solution would President Bush agree?

F The United States should work alone to resolve this problem.

G The United States should let other countries resolve this problem.

H The United States should tell other countries how to resolve the problem.

J The United States should work through a coalition of countries to help resolve the problem.



STOPEND OF SECTION 2


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