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5

zBm vlifqAif; (Longjiang dam) rldOfjvldef September 2010

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7

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1 “Normal Myanmar-China border trade in progress,” Xinhua, July 13, 2009 at htt p://www.china.org.cn/internati onal/2009-07/13/content_18126443.htm

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8

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10

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edkifjOmefjrD;[dlOf;cmrfjwMj 2 - 8 vrf;/ yAef[dlOf;vAufh ,mOf;r.ufj 10 rDbwMb? ugmifj 2 rDbwMb ykdefhyAif;? qfgUcldifjqmufj [mif,mOf;/

urfjerfqOfj[dlOf;yAefulef;Omefj c.wfbz.wfjyAefqkrf;ao yefbykwfjuefnOfykefjz.ef; a[Mj=dOf;awMUclOf;cmrfjerfh/ rdlefeifb- Omefjedkifj rD;vif[dlef;r.ufj 100 vif cOfawqwf;yAef 8 qkrf;ao edkifjqkrf;rD; 16 vif[dlef;/ qkrf;wif;oAifj eBh rD;=dOf; 3 vrf; wMbawyefbykwfjuefqfgUao ekdifjqkrf;wluf;ykefjz.ef; 10 Oef;/

uMjawMUclOf;cmrfjtrjerfheBh eyfho.efbyAefnef/ rdlefeifbzkefbxmwfjedkifjxlifrD;uMjawMU 140 ysM; [dlOf;edkifjvrf;orfh awMUvBjr.ufj 250 xliftvj qOfj[dlOf;qmifjvBjidkef;r.ufj 35,000 ysM;/ idkef;uMjawMUclOf;cmrfjerfh nefqkrf;ulef;Omefj vBjcyf;ckdifqwf;umef=dOf;aovBjrM;eefh vBjtzyefuefwif;qOfj[dlOf;ao q.rf;eifb ikdef;nefruf;refjOBheefhorfh vBjnOfcOfjidkef;u.ifumifOmefj/ idkef;u.ifumifeBh nOfqfgUwdkOf;wMbtr;[dlOf;tvj rlefhtr;oAefjwmif;ckdefjvlif;trjerfh/ idkef;cOfjurfjz.ifjorfh yefc.efbwDj zljrD;ykefjz.ef;zBmbrdlif;rmefj w.efjwMbawvBjcgmifhawMUclOf;cmrfjerfh/

n.efwmif; yD 2010 z.if;rldOfjvBjawMUclOf;ukefberfokwf;eBh =dOf;ekdifjvrf;vgf awMUvBjxdkif edkifjOef; 10 y.ufj/ q.rf;eifb Omefjedkifj rD;oBmrBmOBhOMj egf;cmOf;wmif;odyf;Oef;eBh qkrf;cyf;ckdif[dlOf;edkifjqkrf; qmifj[Midkef;vBjxdkif 20 oFefyBmtvj ekdifjvif=def; qmifjvBjikdef;cOfj r.ufj 150000 ysM;,Ofh/

ulef;OmefjqldOf; vBjykdifjndif ikdef;cOfjwDjwMj=dOf;urf;okdOfjauMjrD; qldOf;,lbefg;aqjOAif;rlbaq@ urfjerfh ([lOfulef;r.ufj 30000 auMU) eBhauMj rmifqldOf; okdyfbclOf;ukefbcBm rmifqldOf;orfhwmifbclOf;olifbqldOf;eBhao wkdef;vBjykdifjikdef;cOfj wDjwMj=dOf; rldefuef,Ofh/ ulef;,lbefg;aqjOAif;rlbaq@urfjerf yAefulef;uMUulef;cBmclOf;c.ifq.rf;wMj[dlOf; nrfbeef qfgUwdkOf;=dOf;ao uyf;odkyfbawMUolifbyef ulef;uMUwmifbwDj,Ofh/ ,.efheef ayM;OMjv.ifjuMUcBmq.rf; wMj[dlOf; vBjudkwf;crfugMbqkdif idkef;cOfj ulef;qldOf;vBjykdifjndifwMj[dlOf;auMj vBjwkrfhwldOfhyM;,Ofh/ ulef;rdlif;efg;erfhcrf; (r.ufj 20000 auMU) nrfbvBjxlyf; v.ifjwkrfhwldOfh rldefeifbulef;,lbrlbaq@aowMUauMj wkrfhwldOfhyM;q.rf;,lbnefOMjeefh nrfbxAifvBjeifbuOfb/

13

[mifjerfhy.wf;wfgjzBmvBj[Fifjvlif; OBm;cOfciferfhofgbefg;zBm rldOfjvdlef May 2010

v.ifj “zBmvlifqAif;” wkrfhwld0fhulef;rdlif; qld0f;,lby.wf;wfgjerfh

erfhrm0f;[Fifjulef;OmefjxkifhrmOf; vBj[lUxdkifv.ifjwkrfhwldOfh ,.efh[Awf;zBmwmif;edlOferfhrmOf; efg;rldif;tcb urf;n.efwmif;okwf; rdlOfjcmOf;[Fifj [lOfyD 2009 eefhulpf;/ erfhrmOf;[Fifjvlif;vldOfao uMjylefhrM;eefhaowMU ,if;nrfbyBbwldOfhcldufj v.ifjawMUolifbwmif; =dOf;[mOfj[Fif;eifbuOfb/

xdkifrM;[lOfyD 2010 rdlOfj uFwfberfhcOfjzBm rBm 2 qifbvBj[yfh[lUxdkif v.ifjwkrfhwdlOfh[mOfj[Fif;,fgbvlif/ twbnOfvldef usFef@edOf@\D@rM; vBj[eferfhrmOf; [Fifjvlif;ugMbtwhtwh/ xdkifrM;vdlefan@z\dLOf@eBh erfhrmOf; [drf;+rf;OAif;rlbaq@eefh [Fifjvlif; [Fifjtwh[FifjOMj nrfbw.efh,mrfjyAef rM;aoy.ufj rmifwDjerfhyAif;[lOfcOfb wmif;ugmifjtrjerfhvBj[lwf;vlif;xdkif[lOfymufb 65% [Awf;{jo.ifzifberfhyAef[mwfboBm; ugmifjvlifOBh/

v.ifjerfhrmOf;[FifjeBh wkrfhwdlOfhv.ifjuMUcBmq.rf;wMj[dlOf;[mOfj[Fif;twhtwh/ u.yfjydlOfjerfh,.rf;vlif;yAef[mwfboBm;OBhtvj nrfbqmifjqfgU=dOf;awMUclOf;xkdifzifburf;vAOf vBjqfgUulef;rFufbclOf;cmrfj[mwfjoBm;xdkifwDjerfh nrfbeef vBjnOfzldif; nOfrBhao [Awf;“oAefjwmif;rfgb”eifb[dkOfayM;awnOfuM;wmifbclOf;ugMbxdkifwDj[dlOf;/

rmifwDjtrjerfhwdkefjeMbtvj nrfbqmifjzBm;[dlOf;a[Mj=dOf; ulef;OmefjvBjn.efuef ckwf;+ifjerfh wMb{j[dlOf;ayM;ugMbvBj eefh,Ofh/ rmify.ufjulef;OmefjvBj nOf[dlOf;okdyfbqyf;uefao awMUclOf;yBcmrfj=dOf;ekdifj,Ofh=dOf;ekdifj/ ayM;OMjerfh[Fifjvlif; nrfbqmifjawMUclOf;vBjerfrdlefuljy.ufj/ rdlOfjerfhnrfb[Fifjeefh [ldOf;edkifjvrf;awMUxlifzkefbxmwfjvBj 250 xlif ayM;erfh[Fifjqkdif awMUvBj 50-100 xlifulpf;/

u.yfjeef v.ifjerfh[FifjeBh [Awf;{jv.ifjuMUcBmwmif;trjerfh vBjukdwf;crfugMb/ q.rf;eifbulef;OmefjvBjuAyf;oBmrBmOBheefh efg;cmOf;[FifjyDeBh ikdef;cOfjq.rf;eMj umefwDjwMj[dlOf;wluf;ugMbyAefcdkifjeB,Ofh/

“ayM;nrfbrD;erfheBh,myfbzdkwfbeMj [Of;nrfbqmifjolifbc.ifOB;OB; vBjqfgUcmOf;,mrf;erfrM;xFifj/ rdlefeifb uljy.ufj[Of;wluf;ykefjz.ef; awMUclOf;wmif;[dlOf; egf;cmOf;wmif; 10 Oef; [Of;vBjidkef; 20 oFef ayM;erfh[Fifj vBj 10 oFefulpf;/ rmifjy.ufj [dlOf;nrfbqmifjugMbtvj vBjnOf cmOf;,mrf;ckwf;+ifjerfhefg;[mwfboBm;ao qifbugMbvBj okrf;cmOf;,mrf;erftwhtwh” nkyfbnlOf;w.ifjxmrfulef;Omefj rldOfjvldef anM@uwf@ 2010

15

erfhcdkefj erfhvlif; nrfbqmifjvmrf;[lUvBj

rdlOfjcdifb[FifjylefUrM;eBh erfhrmOf;,.rf;vlif;tvj OBm;Zllefwluf;,Ofh erfhqifbcdkefjrM;v.B;v.B;ao efg;cmOf;Zlef cdkefjrM;wArfzifberfh/ ulpf;uMj OBm;vifZlefwluf; egf;vdlefar@ 2010 eBh erfhckdefjerfhvlif;nrfbyAefq.rf;eifb ozMbOref; rmify.ufjOef;vAOfulpf; erfhcdkefjvlif;yAefvBmy.ufj/

“erfhqmifjcdkefjrM;OB;twhtwh rmify.ufjcdkefjOef; 2 y.ufj? rmifOef;erfhcdkefjumifefgqOfhao OBm;Oef;rM;orfh erfh,.rf;vlif;/ rmify.ufj erfhcdkefj ekdifjOef; 3-4 y.ufj awckdefj awvlif;rldOfjvfg nrfbqmifjvmrf;vBjaondwf;,Ofh” (nkyfbnlOf;w.ifjxmrfulef;Omefj rldOfjvldefanM@uwf@ 2010)

ulef;OmefjrmifauMUvmwfjOMj erfhefg;trjerfh,.rf;vlif;vFwf;eMb rmify.ufjefg;cmOf;wmif; 15-30 rdedwfUulpf; [FifjugMbtvj [dlOf;rmifvrf; wkdufhugMb,lb efg;umiferfheefh nrfbqmifjugMbwmif;eMjao crf,lbedlOfydkefhoBm; auMjvBj[efrM;/ ayM;erfh udkifhumifh[Fifjvlif;qdlifheB ulef;OmefjvBj[dyfjeFwfjawMUclOf;cdkefjzifbOB;OB; nrfbeefauMj yfgUawMberfhayM;erfcdkefjrM; qifbokdyfbawMUauMjrD;/ ulpf;uMj ayM;erfhudkifhumifherfcdkefjrM;qkdif erfhqmifjxlrfj=dOf;tvj clOf;c.ifqmifjvBjvlUokrf;/

“erfhurf;urf;ckdefjrM;tvj clOf;c.ifcMjcOf xkufberfhxlrfjao vBjvlUokrf;erftwhtwh/ ayM;erfhxlrfjr.ufj 10 y.ufjeBh clOf;c.ifcMjcOf vBjvlUokrf;,.efhref; r.ufj 1 y.ufjeBhcMj”/ (nkyfbnlOf;w.ifjxmrfulef;Omefj rldOfjvdlefoFyf@xFrf@ydlOf@ 2010)

vldOfaoeefh [Fif;erfhvBjzwfhv.ifjyFwfj “oAefjwmif;rfgb” nefulef;Omefjq.Bjuef [Awf;q.rf;o.ifzifberfh/ ayM;cdifb erfh,.rf;vlif;orfh ulef;OmefjvBj n.efuef twb[Awf; “oAefjwmif;rfgb”tvj vBjvlif;wdkef;xFifjao okrf;[Fif;q.rf;/

“wDjOmefj UUUU eBh OBm;[Awf; “oAefjwmif;rfgb”,Ofh omrfOef;ulpf; erfhxlrfjyFwfjrlwf;/ OBm;erfh,.rf;vlif;,Ofh vBj[Awf;rfgbxFifj/ (nkyfbnlOf;w.ifjxmrfulef;Omefj rldOfjvdlefanM@uwf@2010)

rldOfjz.if;erfh,.rf;vlif;rM;eefh ulef;OmefjcOf uMjvBjukdwf;umefawMUolifbwmif;=dOf; eifb[dkOf =dOf;awnrfbcrf ykdefhoBm;tvj awnrfbvBjpK;erfh e.if;zwfhofgb rldOfjerfhukdifhumifhckdef;rM;cdkef;/

,.efhyAefqldifheBtvj [Awf;{jikdef;cOfjulef;Omefj anbvlif;[Fif;ao ulef;OmefjwDjwMj=dOf;auMUedkifj vBjvmrf;eyfho.efbOBU OMj efg;cmOf;[dkOfh yD 2010 eBh ayM;eldif;uefwif; ikdef;cOfjyDylefhrM;qkdif awrD;ikdef;cOfjr.ufj 3 ykefj 1 ykefj ulpf;/

16

“rlefhtr;y.ifomifjckdef;” zBm

,mrf;vAOf rD;v.ifjwkduf;olef; egf;vkrfjZMU wMb“rlefhtr;y.ifomifjckdef;” nrfbeef cgfj{jukrf;xdif;rleftr;cdkef; zBmnef [Awf;,OfhugMbqldOf;eefhvDvD ykefjwMbawurfh[Fif; yldifwkdef;ozMbOtvj {jrD; erfhqfgU erfhudef ugMbvBjcmOf;,mOf;ao okdyfboBmqfgulef;Omefj qldOf;,lbq.rf;zifberfh {j,kdef; ,mOf;ugMbrldOf;eMjeefh,Ofh/

rBjqfgv.ifjerfhzwfhudef zifberfh

ulef;OmefjvBjZmifh[efrFefjOMj nrfbayM;rD;ifgjvdefckdefjq.rf;zifberfhaonrfbuM; rldOfjerfhukdifhumifhckdefjrM;eefh erfhzwfhudefvdef q.rf;zifbyFwfj ,Ofh/

“n.efwmif;yBb[Awf;zBm “vlifqAif;”eefh erfhefg;trjerfhvB[Fif;tvj erfhawMUoBm;rM;OBhq.rf;zifbref;? [Of;,mrfjckwf; oBm;qldOf;eefhao cBmrM;uljyD/ rdlOfjvAOf udkwf;OBhu.efj[defulpf; oBm;auMj nrfbvBcOfjrM;ql;zifberfh,Ofhtvj qdlOf;[Of;auMj nrfbrD;oBm;yAif;ayM;wMbawqfgUwdkOf; /” (nkyfbnlOf;w.ifbxmrfulef;Omefj rldOfjvdlefanM@uwf@ 2010)

q.rf;zifberfhrmOf; zBmbrdlif;tcbtwh zljrD;ykefjz.ef;cOf auMbomifjzMt[Uzifbref;OBh eifb[kdOferfhawnrfbrM; zwfhudefvdefq.rf;zifbvBjeefh,Ofh/ ulpf;uMj zBmbrldif;rmefjeBhtwh nrfbrD; zljrD;ykefjz.ef;cOf rM;[Awf;oifyef/ ,.efhnrfbrD;oift[Uq.rf;ziferfhao [Fif;erfhvBjzwfhudefvdef q.rf;zifbyFwfj wduf;wduf;tvj ulef;Omefjnef,lbq.rf; zifberfhurfjz.ifj vBjvlUokrf;wDjvdefcOfugMb/ rldOfjvBmyDylefhrM;eefh OmefjerfhrlOf nefrD;zBmbwmif;wluf; rlbaq@ r.ufj 5 uDbvlOfbrDbwMb vBjcBmhOmefjugMb,lbwmifbwDj ,.efhydlOfjerfhzwfhudefnOfvdefugMb urf;ndwf;ndwf; awMbxkdifayM; vBjcBmheefh,Ofh/

17

oAifrBjqfgulef;0mefj uA0fbvlpfjzBmy.wf;edl0ferfh

ulef;OmefjqldOf;,lbq.rf;o.ifzifberfh efg;rdlif;rmefjeBh nrfbw.efhvBj[yfh[lUcmOfbimOf; v.ifj[Awf;omifjzBm y.wf;edlOf efg;rdlif;tcbeefhaoy.ufj/ OBm;vBj[lU[ef v.ifjvmufbvBm; erfhckdefj erfhvlif; efg;erfhrmOf;eBhtvj ulef;Omefjurfjerf qifbvBj[lUv.ifjzBm y.wf;eldOferfh/ nrfbrD;cmOfbimOf;wFwfjeFwfjaowMU ulef;OmefjvBjn.efuef[yfh[lUOMj v.ifjerfhefg; erfhrmOf;cdkefjvlif; nrfbyAefq.rf;cdifbq.rf;cmOf;eBh yAef,.efhydlOfjzBmeefh,Ofh/

“q.rf;eifbcMjvBj[lUtwh zBmydlefj[Awf;,OfhugMbao yAefrM;rdlefe.iferfhvlif/ cOfrD;cldifjrdkOf;wFufjwmif;erferfhefg;e.if ayM;OMjerfherfylefUqkdif cOfawy.Bbao awuAyf;erfhOBhr.ufjzBmaw[yfhvBjeefhulpf;/ ayM;erfh,.rf;vlif; cOfawydufh zuf;wlerfh/ oifOMjcOfy.Bberfherf y.wf;wgfjerfhrmOf; erfhawerfcdkefj ayM;cOfyB.bndwf;ndwf; erfhaw[Fifjvlif;ckdef;/” (nkyfbnlOf;w.ifjxmrfjulef;Omefj rldOfjvdlefanM@uwf@ 2010)

,.efhyldOfj erfhcdkefjvlif;nrfbyAefq.rf;ozMbOtvj wkrfhwdlOfhv.ifjawMUolifbuMUcBmwmif;[dlOf;eBh yAefv.ifj wmif;rBjqfgvlif ulef;OmefjcOftwhtwh/

“ulef;efg;Omefj[Of; ,lb? udeftvj [Awf;umefq.rf;erfhrmOf;/ efg;Omefj[Of;rD;vif[dlef;r.ufj 100 vif? urfjerf vBjydkifjndiferfhrmOf;ao ,lboOf;udefomifj/ rdlOfjvAOf[Of;cMjvBjwluf;wmif;,myfbzdkwfbtwhtwh/ ayM;erfhcdkefjvlif; qdlifheBeBBh ulef;Omefj[Of; nrfbqmifj[Awf;umef” (nkyfbnlOf;ulef;Omefj rldOfjvdlefanM@uwf@2010)

ulef;Omefjwkuf;,.ef;{j zljrD;ykefjz.ef; rdlif;rmefjtvj rdlif;tcbcOf {j[Mv.ufjvBm;tujvdwfj v.ifjqfgUwdkOf;erfh nefvBcmrfjvFefvdef/

“[Of;cMjcfgj{jvlify.ifqdkifjodkuf;rmefjvBj[yfh[lU v.ifj[Of;cMjrD;wmif;,myfbzdkwfb/ zljrD;ykefjz.ef;wmif;rdlif;tcb vlOfbvBjrM;wlpf;OMj rD;v.ifjwmif;,myfbzdkwfboifz.ifj/ nefqldOf;cOfvBjauMbomifj cmrfjerfhrmOf;qldif heBeBh rdlefwmif; nOfwmif;,myfbzdkwfbvlif rM;yefulef;Omefjulpf;,Ofh” (nkyfbnlOf;w.ifjxmrfulef;Omefj rldOfjvldefanM@uwf@ 2010)

acMjwkuf;,.ef;ulef;Omefj ydlifvlifref;twh [Awf;{;erfhrmOf;vBcdkef; eifby.ifyAefvBj rdlefozMbOZdifjwdkef;yAef eifb[kdOf ulef;OmefjayM;qmifjxdif;odrf; v.ifj,lboOf;udefomifj{jrdlefuOfb/

“qkrf;cOfvlOfbvBjy.Bbyeferfhefg;erfhrmOf;uljcmOf; rmefbrmefb/ nrfbqdkOfjOMjy.Bberfhtvj uFwfberfhefg;cmOf;vAOfuef/ oifyAefvBj [Of;cMj cfgj{jtrjerfh[Of; cdkef;rD;Zmif[mifjZdifjwdkef;yAef rdlefrdlOfjuljy.ufj” (nkyfbnlOf;w.ifjxmrfulef;Omefj vdlefanM@uwf@ 2010)

18

c.wfb,.wfjtvj acMjwkuf;,.ef;

egf;zdkefvdufjeBh wmifbteOBhqFifjvFif;OMj v.ifj[Awf;omifjzBmedlOftrjerfhrmOf; efg;aqjw.efj,lbemefb rdlif;tcb vBjokufh,kifj,MUuOf;v.ifj,lboOf; udefomifj ulef;Omefj,lby.wf;wfgjerfhefg;xkifhrmOf; rdlif;wB;y.wf;+ifj/

v.ifjwlOfxlyf;qdlOf;eBhauMj ydlif;tev.ifjwkufhc ulef;Omefjulef;rdlif; qldOf;,lboOf;q.rf;trjerfhc.ify.wf;wfgj qdlOf;vBjxlyf; wmif;,myfzkdwfb OBm;vifauMbomifj zBm y.wf;eldOftrjerfhc.if efg;rdlif;tcbao qDhteyefwmif;[efxkdifyM;OMj rldif;tcb wdkef;xkufbvD wlpf;xdkifcBjqgf v.ifjwkrfhwdlOfhcmrfjvFefvdef ,.efhydlOfj clif;umef[Fif;ZB;ZMUq.rf;trjerfU vBcmrfjvFefqdkif;rdlif; qdlOf;eBh,Ofh/2

[Of;cMjrD;[Fif;qgfckdefjrM; u.yfjyldOfjvlify.ifqdkifjrdlif;tcbYwM;Omifbao ydkefazjacMjqkuf;refjOMj awxdif;odrf;yldifwkdef; ozMbO q.rf;trjerfhvBcmrfjvFefqdkif;rdlif;wif;oAifj {jrefjukdrf;tvj aw[Awf;omifj umefyluf;y.ifq.rf;trjerfhc.if w.efjwMbawrD;erfhw.ef;z.ef;vD[lrfjuefvBmrdlif;/

u.yfjeB [Of;cMjwkuf;,.ef;xdkifzljrD;ykefjz.ef;rdlif;tcb -

● cdkef;xwf;omifjwlpf;urf;vAOfOB;OB;tvj ckdef;wrf;Omif;yldifumefzBm “vlifqAif;” wMb{jv.ifjwkrfUwldOfhy.wf;wfgjzBm ,.rf;vlif;/ v.ifjwkrfhwldOfh nefvBjwmifbteOBh rdlefeifb v.ifjerfhvBnrfbzAifbueftvj v.ifjwkrfhwdlOfhcmrfjvFefvdef qldOf;,lboOf;uddefomifj efg;xkifhrmOf; rdlif;wB;y.wf;+ifb cfgj{j,.rf;vlif;ydlifvlif/ qdlOf;[Of;wkuf;,..ef; {jcdkef; rlefhtr;ckdify.ifzBm{jvDimrf; eifb[dkOftrjerfhckkdef;vB q.rf;eifbozMbOtvj v.ifjwkrfhwdlOfhawMb ulef;,lby.wf; wmif;wfgjerfh {jtnbrmifvlif;/

● n.efwmif; awvlif;rkdOf;[Awf;omifj clif;umef[Fif;erfhfZB;ZMU omifjzBmedlOftrjerfhcmrfjvFefvdef efg;rdlif;tcb wDjvgfaonrfbOMj wkdef;vlOfbvBj[Awf; v.ifjvAyfj[Aef;cBjqgf eldOfv.ifjnefqmifjwkrfh,.efj ozMbOodifbOFwfhv.rfhtvj wlifbOlif;ulef;ao awvBjqFifjvFif;tvj awvBjwlpf;xkdifyM; vBmzBmbvBmv.ifj? ,OfhauMj {julef;wif;erf rD;v.ifj=rfjomifjq.rf;eefh [Of;cMjwkuf;,.ef;,gfb,gfberferf/

2 “China says hydropower development on transnati onal rivers subject to ecological assessment,” Xinhua, 20 May 2009 at htt p://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-05/21/content_11414683.htm and “China denies hogging Mekong River water,” Bangkok Post, 12 March 2010 at htt p://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/34290/china-denies-hoggingmekong-river-water

19

qkdOfjOmefjqkdOfjOmefj =Ofulef;=Ofulef; =OfoBm; (Ho Saai) 700Omefj+if; (Man Hawng) 1,000e.ifrMU (Nong Ma) 800e.ifcrf; (Nong Kham) 700ukef[B; (Kun Hai) 1,000tu;ckefb (Kae Kun) 700Omefj+if;wlifj (Man Hawng Tong) 700wdkif;=dOf; (Terng Hue) 700e.ifwldef; (Nong Tern) 400e.ifclOf (Nong Kho) 700erfhymef; (Nam Parn) 600awMb,.wfj (Tor Yord) 450Zlpf;[kif; (Pwe Hong) 300=Ofo.if (Ho Song) 300ymifbcrf; (Parng Kham) 1,300aq@vmefh (Se-Lan) 2,500e.ifrlOf (Nong Moe) 800=Ofv.if; (Ho Lawng) 700Omefj+if;v.B (Man Hawng Loi) 700u.if;OAif; (Gawng Wieng) 700=rf;uefwif;rlwf;=rf;uefwif;rlwf; 1515,750750

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qkrf;ozMbOodifbOFwfhv.rfhwB; (Shan Sapawa Environmental Organization)qkrf;ozMbOodifbOFwfbv.rfhwB;eBh yAefqkrf;neftwbwifjrM;rldOfj yD 2000 ao,Ofh xkdifrM;rldOfjyD 2003 eBh ulef;ekrfbwB; qldOf;nef wlifhwkdefb[Awf;omifj,lbq.rf;vFefvdefwB;-xB;cOf rM;=rfj+rf;uefao ckdef;tr;c.wfbz.wfjwlifhekdif rM;awMbxkdif,mrf;vAOf/ rlbqkrf; vBjwlifhekdif[Awf;omifj wMbyluf;y.ifwlifbOlif;ulef; eifb[dkOfawrD; v.ifj,lboOf;udefomifjtvj xdif;odrf;clOf;c.ifozMbO Zdifjwdkef;yAef [lrfjyM;wkduf;olef;wlifhekdif {jozMbOodifbOFwfhv.rfh refjudkrf;cmOf;,mOf;/wDjuyf;okdyfb- shansapawa@gmail.comwww.shansapawa.org

qkrf;uyf;omefv.ifjemif;,dif;wB; (Shan Women’s Action Network)qkrf;uyf;omefv.ifjemif;,dif;wB;eBh yAefemif;,dif;qldOf;nef wlifhekdif[Awf;omifjumefimef; egf;rldif;xB;tvj q.rf;vFefvdefxB;-wB;nef c.wfbz.wfj rldOfjOef;xDh 28 vldef rmwfhcsf yD 1990eefh,Ofh/ ,ldif;nmef;rkufhqkrf;eBh w.efjwMbwlifhekdif? clefhcgMUuAyf;acKjrkef; tvjolef;wkrf eifb[kdOfawrD;rK;v.ifjzAifbyAif;egf;tuj,dif;qBm;? eifb[kdOfrD;v.ifj YwM;rmefbrFefj w.efjwKbemif;,dif; egf;umefawMbolj wlifhekdifwMbyluf;y.ifwlifbOlif;ulef; tvjw.efjwKbiOf;vBm;umefrldif;vFufjvBmj/ qkrf;uyf;omefv.ifjemif;,dif;wB;eBh cOfj=rfjyluf;wifjrK; iOfjauKqkrf;emif;,dif;(rldif;rmefj) Women’s League of Burma – WLB nefqkrf;emif;,dif; 12 qkrf; =rfj[Awf;omifj q.rf;uefOBheefh,Ofh/wDjuyf;okdyfb- kenneri@shanwomen.orgwww.shanwomen.org

[Awf;n.ufbydkefazj rldOfjvdlef December 2010

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