nanotechnology in textile finishing -...
TRANSCRIPT
46th Dornbirn MFC • 19.-21.9.2007
Nanotechnology in Textile Finishingstate of the art and future prospectsDr. Jan Beringer + Hohenstein Institutes + Germany
Nanotechnology in Textile Finishing2
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Outline
1. Introduction and Definition
2. Current Applications of Nanotechnology on Textiles+ Ag, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO+ cyclodextrins, „self“-cleaning surfaces
3. Nanotechnology in Hohenstein+ research projects+ testing and certification services
4. Future textile nano Applications
5. Environmental, Health & Safety Aspects (ESH)
source: BASF AG
Nanotechnology in Textile Finishing3
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Introduction to Nanotechnolgy
+ nanos (greek) means dwarf+ technologies dealing with structures less than 100 nm+ 1 nm is a trillionth of 1 m (10-9 m)+ surface properties play a more important role compared to
the volume properties - therefore:+ quantum effects have to be considered increasingly+ Richard Phillips Feynman „There is plenty of room at the
bottom“ is considered to be the „father“ of nanotechnolgy+ interdisciplinary interaction of sciences (physics, chemistry)
therefore nanotechnology is called a convergent technology+ nano materials are already of significance today
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Nano Products already on the market
+ pigments (most important)+ up-to-date computer chips (nano lithography)+ surface functionalisation with nano layers or composites+ „self-cleaning“ surfaces („lotus-leaf effect“)+ optically functional surfaces for antireflective coatings of
displays („moth-eye effect“)+ chemical nano-products already exist for a long time:
+ like TiO2 or ZnO nanoparticles in sunscreens
+ textile research focuses on new functional properties:+ soil-repellence, UV-protection, abrasion resistance, drug delivery...
+ Prefix „nano-“ is en vouge as „micro-“ was in the 80ies
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Introduction to theDefinitions of Nanotechnology
+ uniform international view of the definition ist not existing+ strictness of the separation from microtechnology is
controversial
+ two main criteria+ geometry, size (classical definition: 0,1 - 100 nm)+ new functions due to the nano-scale
+ coupled approach of structural size and function+ a strict definition of nanotechnology is therefore difficult and
often less reasonable
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The Definition of Nanotechnologyaccording to NanoMat and Hohenstein
+ proposed by the European study group „Miniaturisationand Material Properties“, Network NanoMat & Hohenstein
+ new functions (quantum effects)+ size dependent or system dependent properties
„Nanotechnology is dealing with production and/orprocessing technologies leading to systematic alignment
of functional structures consisting of particleswith size-dependent properties
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The Definition of Nanotechnologyaccording to NanoMat and Hohenstein
+ application of functional systemsin the sub-μ range
+ based on the use of „sub-units“+ nanoparticles / molecules
systematically arranged+ specific size-dependent
properties+ products with all new or far
improved functions+ textile properties not being
affected
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnoloy
Nanotechnology in Textile Finishing8
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Outline
1. Introduction and Definition
2. Current Applications of Nanotechnology on Textiles+ Ag, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO+ cyclodextrins, „self“-cleaning surfaces
3. Nanotechnology in Hohenstein+ research projects+ testing and certification services
4. Future textile nano Applications
5. Environmental, Health & Safety Aspects (ESH)
source: BASF AG
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From Functionality to „intelligent“ Textilesfunctional / intelligent materials
+ waterproof, wind-tight, breathable, humidity transportetc.
+ optimized material propertiese.g. colour fastness, tensile and abrasionresistance, heat-proof, cold-resistant
+ smell release orodour control
+ advanced wearingcomfort and heatinsulation
+ individuallyadjustable heatinsulation
+ microkapsules withphase changematerials (PCM)
+ reflection materials+ EM field protection+ UV protection
developments with:+ new raw materials+ nanotechnology+ additional electronic
functions
functional materials(on the market)
„smart“ materials(on the market)
„intelligent“ materials(in research state)
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Luminex
Multisensor wristlet
FreeMoover
LifeShirtTM
MET5 Jacket
“Intelligence” and scale of Integration
high
highlow
low
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+ caused by increasing customerawareness of hygiene
+ odour control+ medical applications
(e.g. neurodermatitis)+ silver nanoparticles in the fiber+ silver nano coating (galvanic)+ high washing fastness
Antimicrobial Fiber Modification(biochemical effect with nano silver)
source: Padycare ®
antimicrobial body wear
microfiber
silver coating
microfibercross section
braced silvercoating on thefiber surface
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matrix-precursor (SiO2 nanoparticles with cross-linkingsiliciumorganic compounds)
functional additives
Sol Lyogel
effects and properties
+ mechanical: reinforcing, scratch-resitent, antistatic, antiadhesive+ optical: interference colours, UV protection, IR absorption+ biological: antimicrobial, medical applications
textile
Xerogel
- solvent Temp.
Ceramic Coating - (Sol-Gel-Process)
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AiF-Research Project„Ceramic Coating of Wound-Dressings“
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Textile UV Protection with Nanoparticles
source: Hyphen, Piz Buin, Nivea
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dulling of manmade fibers (TiO2)
More particles inside the fiber at the same weight
greater effect
larger surface area
micro particles nano particles
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+ terephthalic acid absorbs in the spectral UV range+ protection is increased by additional dulling (μ/n-TiO2)+ best protection possible
Polyester (PET, PPT, PBT)
Fiber Raw Materials and UV-Protection
Polyamide (PA 6, PA 6,6)
natural fibers (CO, WO, LI) & regen. cell. fibers (CV, CLY)
+ only „full dull“ types provide good protection
+ little to no protection at all (especially when wet)+ full dull viscose (TiO2) was available a few years ago
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polyamide filament with TiO2 nanolayer
17
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washing fastness of the TiO2 nanofinish
18
UPF acc. to AS/NZS 4399:1996 (CO, 1% TiO2)
8,7
64,2
35,0
60,463,6
14,2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
number of washings (Linitest 60 °C)
UPF
Binder 20 g/lBinder 100 g/lRohware
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Matter with TiO2 (Anatase Crystal-Modification)
+ photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase crystalmodification in presence with UV-radiation, water and oxygen generate free radicals
+ radicals destroy organic substances
+ catalytic process, therefore large and free accessiblesurface area (e.g. nano) is required
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Photocatalytic reactions
Photochemical reactions on the TiO2-pigmentsurface
Part reactionshν (UV) ⎯⎯→ e- + p (Exiton)
HO- + p ⎯⎯→ HO•
Ti4+ + e- ⎯⎯→ Ti3+
Ti3+ + O2 ⎯⎯→ [Ti4+ •O2- abs]*
[Ti4+ •O2- abs] + H2O ⎯⎯→ Ti4+ + HO- + HO•
2
Total reactionH2O + O2 ⎯⎯→ HO• + HO•
2
TiO2
TiO2
hν
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photocatalytic fiber degradation / damage
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β-CD
spatial structure(dimensions in pm)
Fresh-Finish with Cyclodextrins
+ ring-shaped sugarmolecules
+ chemically bonded to cellulosic fibers
+ CD „host“ molecule with a nonpolar cavity canincorporate a bad smelling „guest“ molecule
+ works as long as all cavities are filled up+ „guest“ molecules can be removed by washing+ also scents/perfumes can be stored by
spraying or by fabric softeners in laundry+ therefore fabric smells fresh longer in the
wardrobe
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Soil Repellence (Lotus Effect®)
+ nature as the role model („bionics“)+ combination of micro- and nanostructures with low
surface energy generated by wax crystals+ such high performance is not achived by common
fluorcarbon finish+ water, oil and dirt spimply roll off+ but: structures are sensitive to mechanical stress
(scratching, abrasion, washing)+ effect is lost if structures are damaged+ nature can regrow these structures - but textiles not (yet)
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Self-Cleaning on Plants (Spiraea)
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self-cleaning textile coatingwith nanostructured surface
SEM image (top) andAFM surface topography of a lotus leaf
source: Schoeller Textiles
Self-Cleaning on Plants (Lotus Leaf)
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Outline
1. Introduction and Definition
2. Current Applications of Nanotechnology on Textiles+ Ag, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO+ cyclodextrins, „self“-cleaning surfaces
3. Nanotechnology in Hohenstein+ research projects+ testing and certification services
4. Future textile nano Applications
5. Environmental, Health & Safety Aspects (ESH)
source: BASF AG
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Nanotechnology in Hohenstein
Research+ UV-protection with nanolayers (AiF 13729/BG1-3)+ Fiberstructuring with mit magnetic nanoparticles (AiF, accepted)+ Heat-protective Textiles with temperature adaptive IR-Radiation
properties (AiF, accepted)+ Protection of light-coloured upholstery fabrics from coloured
fiber abrasion (AiF, accepted)
Testing and Certification+ Testing on textile nanotechnology (AFM) and related product
performance+ Certification: Hohenstein Quality Label for Nanotechnology
© Hohenstein
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The Hohenstein Quality-Label „Nanotechnology“
5 testmodules:+ soil repellence
(nano-effect !)+ biological
harmlessness+ abrasion resistance+ washing resistance+ breathability
+ testing is done at theready garment
+ label is only granted if all modules are passed
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garment requirements: soil repellence (nano-effekt)
+ Is it really nano ? Micro-/Nanostructures (SEM, AFM)
© Hohenstein
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criteria for „nano or not ?“
chemistry morphology „nano“ ?Si (Sol-Gel *) structured yesSi (Sol-Gel *) smooth yesFC (Fluorcarbon) structured yesFC (Fluorcarbon) smooth noSi + FC structured yesSi + FC smooth no
* Sol-Gel technology may also be based on further metal-oxide soles (Ti, Zr, Al …)
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Outline
1. Introduction and Definition
2. Current Applications of Nanotechnology on Textiles+ Ag, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO+ cyclodextrins, „self“-cleaning surfaces
3. Nanotechnology in Hohenstein+ research projects+ testing and certification services
4. Future textile nano Applications
5. Environmental, Health & Safety Aspects (ESH)
source: BASF AG
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„Ultra Black“ Colour effects by Nanostructures:Ultrablack Butterfly Wings by structural Effects
left: glossy right: dullPapilio Ulysses
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fibers from CNTs
composit fibers/materials
Textile Applications for Carbon Nanotubes
+ fibers: placement in spinning solution/meltfor higher tensile strength and new properties
+ materials: 6 x higher tensile strengthcompared to Carbonfibers
+ requirements: filaments oder stapel fibers (today: max. 20 cm)
+ high tenacity, metallic nano filaments
+ high tenacity, metallic garments for special applications
+ technical textiles, bullet-proof vests, ropes ...
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Outline
1. Introduction and Definition
2. Current Applications of Nanotechnology on Textiles+ Ag, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO+ cyclodextrins, „self“-cleaning surfaces
3. Nanotechnology in Hohenstein+ research projects+ testing and certification services
4. Future textile nano Applications
5. Environmental, Health & Safety Aspects (ESH)
source: BASF AG
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Environmental and Health Aspects of textile Nanotechnology
+ nanoparticles and particulate matter are said to havenegative health effects
+ secure application only in safe liquid particle dispersions+ after application particles fixed in stable matrix or have
become the matrix+ particles removed by washing are dispersed in washing
water no longer able to create fine-dust and aretherefore no threat to human health
+ nano TiO2 is used in cosmetics/food for a long time+ skin compatibiliy proven by internal tests
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biological harmlessness
cytotoxicity
phototoxicity
pro-inflammation
genotoxicity
Sou
rce:
Höf
er, H
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Quelle: http://www.etcgroup.org/nanohazard
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Source: Paramount Pictures, StarTrek Voyager, 7of9
Nanotechnology is coming - resistance is futile !
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Thank you very much for your attention!Speaker: Dr. Jan BeringerHohenstein InstitutesSchloss HohensteinD-74357 BönnigheimGermanyPhone +49 7143 271 714Fax +49 7143 271 94714E-Mail [email protected] http://www.hohenstein.de