Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 - Day 2 EU - In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.1. Complete packet page 15 to review the rise of

Napoleon’s Empire2. Log onto website, go to classwork documents, read

napoleon and censorship.pdf and answer the “Thinking it through” question

3. Complete packet page 16 to review the collapse of Napoleon’s Empire

4. Actively Read p 19 about two views of Napoleon and answer questions 1-2

5. Draw a cartoon illustrating the rise, the fall of and the legacy of Napoleon1. The cartoon will be completed individually on

unlined paper, preferably in color.

France Under Napoleon

Central Government is Strengthened1) Reforms

1. Controls Economy2. Builds Roads/ Canals3. Public Schools – the lycees4. Concordat of 1801- Peace with the Church5. He had the support of all Classes

2) Napoleonic Code1. Equality – in law and justice2. Right to own property – creates a permanent bourgeois society3. Religious Freedom4. Women lost rights

5. Order over individual rights BUT heavy-handed police state under Minister of Police Fouche

1. Restrictions on speech, press and political organizations2. More executions

France Under Napoleon Cont

3. Slave uprising and a challenge to French authority needed to be put downA. Cost was too high and too

many deaths lead to Napoleon removing French troops

4. Sold Louisiana to the US to give the US a chance to compete with Britain and to get money for France’s European wars

Battle of Trafalgar5. Napoleon wanted to destroy the British Navy to break the continental blockade and so that France would be able to invade the British Islands. The two navies met at the naval Battle of Trafalgar.

A. British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated the French navy (Nelson died) and

B. Britain was safe while C. France was cooped up on the European

continent becauseD. The French Combined fleet was

essentially destroyed

Key military factors and beliefs Individual Losses for overall Victory- OK with Napoleon Rapid Movement/ New Plans and Tactics- Napoleon was an artillery and overall military genius

A. The Grand Empire1. Annex- Add Territory- Belgium,

Netherlands, Italy, Germany2. Abolished H.R.E.- Creates 38 Member Conference of the Rhine in what is now Germany3. Part of Poland- the Grand Duchy of Warsaw conquered by Napoleon4. Put family and friends on European Thrones (Joe Bonaparte- Spain)5. Divorces Josephine- Married niece of Marie Antoinette- A Princess of Austria

Subduing an Empire

B) France v. Britain1. 1805- Battle of Trafalgar- Admiral Nelson destroyed French Fleet2. Continental System- Closed European Ports under French control to British Ships and British made goods3. British Blockade- British navy cut off all traffic in and out of French ports

C) Successes and Failures1. Continental System – big failure2. Scarce Goods- Prices went up3. Victories- led to Nationalism- French Pride

The End of an EraI. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire

A. Napoleon’s Armies viewed as oppressors, not liberators as he saw himself~ many riots and revolts throughout the empire.

B. The Peninsula War ~Spanish and Portuguese resistance- 1808-1813

1. Spanish loyal to former King, not his brother, troops sent in to insure Joe B’s rule.

2. Guerilla Warfare- hit and run against the French3. Keeps troops occupied and bogged down in Spain

C. Portugal refuses to participate in Continental Blockade. Troops sent to force cooperation.

D. Attack on Russia- Defeat1) Czar Alexander I stopped participating in the continental System2) Napoleon invaded Russia, sending in the “Grand Army” (600,000) 3) Russians retreated east, employing the “Scorched Earth” tactic. (Good example of History Repeating itself- ask me).4) Napoleon in Moscow By September, but could not stay during winter- no food- 600,000 men began journey, only between 10,000 to 40,000returned.

Numbers vary – these are from PBS Napoleon at War

IV. Downfall of NapoleonA) Russia, Great Britain, Prussia, Austria v. Napoleon

1. Battle of Nations at Leipzig2. Napoleon is defeated, forced to Abdicate3. Exiled to Elba- Louis XVIII is placed on the Thrown

B) Napoleon Returns – for 100 days4. People Hate Louis 18- Economy is a mess, people and military

still loyal to Napoleon5. Napoleon escapes Elba- organizes army, runs Louis out of

FranceC) Waterloo-

1. June 18, 1815- Belgium2. Defeated by the Duke of Wellington and General

Blucher (Prussia)3. Exiled to St. Helena forever

Interpreting Maps olt p 232 on pdf 191. Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Confederation of Rhine (Germany),

Duchy of Warsaw (Poland), Italy, Illyrian Provinces (Yugoslavia), Switzerland, Spain – Russia, Prussia and Austria were allied with France by 1810, but not controlled by Napoleon’s France

2. About 1700 miles, 2800 km3. North n w4. Spain at Gibraltar5. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Great Britain, Ireland, Portugal, Sardinia,

Sicily, Ottoman Empire were not controlled by or allied with Napoleon

6. There was more land allied with or controlled by Napoleon than unallied and unconquered.

7. 1600 miles or 2600km8. Trafalgar, Ulm, Austerlitz, Wagram and Friedland

Viewpoints on Napoleonpp 18

1. Napoleon uses force and cunning to persuade peopleHe grew more and more dictatorial, further and further encroaching (moving into and taking) people’s liberty, and the independence of the rest of Europe.

2. Napoleon is legitimate and should be supported, not because of nobility but because he will best protect the liberty of the 3rd Estate. He also has right to rule because he leads the successful army as it conquers all of France and Europe.

V. Legacy of Napoleon

1. Values of the French Revolution were spread throughout Europe – equality, liberty, justice, the rights of man.

2. France Government Centralized with Constitution3. Civil Code (Napoleonic codes) applicable to all citizens –

right to own property – spreads bourgeois middle class property owners to all of Europe

4. Limited Suffrage Elections5. Nationalism For European Nations6. Sold Louisiana Territory to U.S.7. Congress of Vienna and balance of European Power –

peace in Europe.

Congress of Vienna

Membership:AustriaPrussiaRussiaFranceGreat Britain

Goals:• Establish lasting peace in Europe

(based on theory of balance of power)

• Prevent future French aggression• Restore monarchs

Actions Taken:•Creation of some new powers ― Kingdom of Netherlands― adding to Kingdom of Sardinia―German Confederation―Independent Switzerland•Took land from France to return to pre-1792 borders•Developed Concert of Europe and Holy Alliance

Legacy•Short-term― conservatives returned to power―Revolts in many colonies like Brazil and Mexico•Long-term—40 years of European peace—France slightly weakened and Britain and Germany strengthened to balance France—Rise of nationalism—Implemented balance of power conceptCongress of Vienna