NAPOLEONNAPOLEON

Emperor of the FrenchEmperor of the French

Napoleon Bonaparte, BiographyNapoleon Bonaparte, Biography

Born: 15 August 1769 Born: 15 August 1769 Birthplace: Birthplace:

Ajaccio,CorsicaAjaccio,Corsica Parents: Carlo Parents: Carlo

Buonaparte Buonaparte (Lawyer), Letizia (Lawyer), Letizia RomolinoRomolino

44thth child and 2 child and 2ndnd son of son of 11 children11 children

Education Education After elementary, in Jan.1779, at 10 years old, After elementary, in Jan.1779, at 10 years old,

he was sent to College of Autun, then he was sent to College of Autun, then transferred to College of Brienne, both military transferred to College of Brienne, both military schoolsschools

In Oct. 1784 he earned an appointment to a In Oct. 1784 he earned an appointment to a royal military school, Ecole Militaire of Paris royal military school, Ecole Militaire of Paris

1 year later he was commissioned into an 1 year later he was commissioned into an artillery unit in Valence, where he undertook an artillery unit in Valence, where he undertook an intensive study of military history and theoryintensive study of military history and theory

After Valence, he moved to France’s premier After Valence, he moved to France’s premier artillery school, Auxooneartillery school, Auxoone

Military HistoryMilitary History Upon graduation Napoleon was commissioned a Upon graduation Napoleon was commissioned a

22ndnd lieutenant officer in La Fere artillery regiment lieutenant officer in La Fere artillery regiment in 1785 where he earned the nickname “little in 1785 where he earned the nickname “little corporal”corporal”

Fought in the French Revolutionary Wars, Fought in the French Revolutionary Wars, gaining control of Toulon, promoted to brigadier gaining control of Toulon, promoted to brigadier general in 1793general in 1793

After victories against the Austrians, negotiated After victories against the Austrians, negotiated the treaty of Campo Formio (1797)the treaty of Campo Formio (1797)

Attempted to conquer Egypt but was defeated in Attempted to conquer Egypt but was defeated in the Battle of the Nile (1798-99)the Battle of the Nile (1798-99)

The Coup d’etat of 18-19 Brumaire brought him The Coup d’etat of 18-19 Brumaire brought him back to power in 1799 back to power in 1799

Napoleon I, EmperorNapoleon I, Emperor

In 1799, he installed In 1799, he installed himself as first consul himself as first consul of the French of the French RepublicRepublic

5 years later he 5 years later he crowned himself crowned himself Emperor of the Emperor of the FrenchFrench

Reign: 18 May 1804- Reign: 18 May 1804- 22 June 181522 June 1815

EstablishmentsEstablishments Napoleon negotiated the Napoleon negotiated the

Concordat of 1801 with Concordat of 1801 with Pope Pius VII re-Pope Pius VII re-establishing the Church in establishing the Church in FranceFrance

Leaders of the Catholic Leaders of the Catholic Church taking the civil Church taking the civil oath required by the oath required by the ConcordatConcordat

Under Napoleon’s terms Under Napoleon’s terms the Church agreed to sign the Church agreed to sign

Some of the Concordat’s Some of the Concordat’s main terms still remain main terms still remain effective effective

Establishments continued….Establishments continued…. The Napoleonic Code The Napoleonic Code

was introduced in was introduced in 18041804

The code was divided The code was divided into three booksinto three books

Each consisted of Each consisted of various social, legal, various social, legal, civil, property laws civil, property laws and rightsand rights

With revisions, the With revisions, the code is still existscode is still exists

Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars

In 1805 Napoleon won his greatest victory at In 1805 Napoleon won his greatest victory at the Battle of Austerlitz against Austria and the Battle of Austerlitz against Austria and RussiaRussia

Napoleon defeated Prussia at the Battles of jena Napoleon defeated Prussia at the Battles of jena and Auerstedt in 1806 and Russia at the Battle and Auerstedt in 1806 and Russia at the Battle of Friedlandof Friedland

Napoleon imposed Napoleon imposed the Treaty of Tilsit on the Treaty of Tilsit on Russia in July 1807Russia in July 1807

Which were two Which were two agreements between agreements between France and Russia France and Russia ending the 3ending the 3rdrd – 4 – 4thth Coalition of countries Coalition of countries against Franceagainst France

Napoleon was Napoleon was defeated by Britain at defeated by Britain at the Battle of Trafalgarthe Battle of Trafalgar

He sought to weaken He sought to weaken British commerce and British commerce and established the established the Continental System Continental System (1806-1812)(1806-1812)

blockade system blockade system developed for developed for shipping trade shipping trade industryindustry

Napoleon became embroiled in the Peninsular War, Napoleon became embroiled in the Peninsular War, French armies invaded Portugal in 1807 and Spain in French armies invaded Portugal in 1807 and Spain in 1808, lasted until the Sixth Coalition1808, lasted until the Sixth Coalition

He led the French army into Austria and defeated the He led the French army into Austria and defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram, signing the Treaty of Austrians at the Battle of Wagram, signing the Treaty of ViennaVienna

Napoleon’s campaigns Napoleon’s campaigns began to declinebegan to decline

Napoleon led an army of Napoleon led an army of about 600,000 into about 600,000 into Russia in 1812 to enforce Russia in 1812 to enforce the Treaty of Tilsit, but the Treaty of Tilsit, but was forced to retreat with was forced to retreat with disastrous lossesdisastrous losses

Greatly weakened, he Greatly weakened, he was met by a strong was met by a strong coalition of allied powers, coalition of allied powers, who defeated him at the who defeated him at the Battle of Leipzig (1813)Battle of Leipzig (1813)

0

50

100

1stQtr

3rdQtr

East

West

North

After Paris was taken by the allied coalition, Napoleon After Paris was taken by the allied coalition, Napoleon was forced to abdicate in 1814 and was exiled to the was forced to abdicate in 1814 and was exiled to the island of Elbaisland of Elba

after which he mustered a force and retuned to France after which he mustered a force and retuned to France to re-establish himself as emperor for the to re-establish himself as emperor for the Hundred DaysHundred Days

The Fall from GloryThe Fall from Glory

Arthur Wellesley 1Arthur Wellesley 1stst Duke of Wellington Duke of Wellington commanded allied armies against Napoleon’s commanded allied armies against Napoleon’s final attemptfinal attempt

Napoleon was decisively defeated at the Battle Napoleon was decisively defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815of Waterloo in 1815

Exiled and DeathExiled and Death

After his lose at Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled again, confined on After his lose at Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled again, confined on the remote island of St. Helenathe remote island of St. Helena

Six years later (May 5, 1821) he died, an autopsy at the time cited Six years later (May 5, 1821) he died, an autopsy at the time cited stomach cancer (as his father died as well) as the cause of death, stomach cancer (as his father died as well) as the cause of death, inspiring rumors tell of arsenic poisoninginspiring rumors tell of arsenic poisoning

His body was returned to Paris under the dome at Les Invalides, His body was returned to Paris under the dome at Les Invalides, where his designer tomb (by Louis Visconti) there remains a popular where his designer tomb (by Louis Visconti) there remains a popular attractionattraction

Napoleon LegacyNapoleon Legacy Short enough, early in his military Short enough, early in his military

career, he was nicknamed “The career, he was nicknamed “The Little Corporal,” a soldier seeking Little Corporal,” a soldier seeking and finding military solutions to and finding military solutions to problems and belief of a strong problems and belief of a strong government systemgovernment system

An experienced politician, An experienced politician, perceptive historian and military perceptive historian and military geniusgenius

Believing in his destiny, prepared Believing in his destiny, prepared to stake everything on one to stake everything on one campaign or one battle, he acted campaign or one battle, he acted as if he knew that he had power as if he knew that he had power but for a short timebut for a short time

Victorious in nearly all 50 battles, Victorious in nearly all 50 battles, his power was fragile and resulted his power was fragile and resulted in defeatin defeat

Notable contemporary soldier Notable contemporary soldier theorist-Clausewitz and Jomini, theorist-Clausewitz and Jomini, express, Napoleon was the very express, Napoleon was the very ‘God of War’ an operational ‘God of War’ an operational commander of the premier rankcommander of the premier rank

Works CitedWorks Cited““Concordat of 1801.” Concordat of 1801.” Answers.com.Answers.com. 28 August 2009. 30 August 2009.28 August 2009. 30 August 2009.http://www.answers.com/topic/concordat-of-1801http://www.answers.com/topic/concordat-of-1801““Concordat of 1801, The.” Concordat of 1801, The.” History Wiz.History Wiz.http://http://www.historywiz.com/concordat.htmwww.historywiz.com/concordat.htm““Continental System.” Continental System.” Answers.com.Answers.com. 29 August 2009.29 August 2009.http://www.answers.com/topic/continental-systemhttp://www.answers.com/topic/continental-system““Napoleon Bonaparte.” Biography. Napoleon Bonaparte.” Biography. Pbs.orgPbs.org 30 August 2009. 31 August 2009.30 August 2009. 31 August 2009.http://www.pbs.org/empires/napoleonhttp://www.pbs.org/empires/napoleon““Napoleonic Code.” France {1804}. Napoleonic Code.” France {1804}. Britannica Online Encyclopedia.Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 30 August 2009. 31 August 2009.30 August 2009. 31 August 2009.http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/403196/Napoleonic-Codehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/403196/Napoleonic-Code““Peninsular War.” {European history}. Peninsular War.” {European history}. Britannica Online Encyclopedia.Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 31 August 2009. 1 September 20009.31 August 2009. 1 September 20009.http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/449923/Peninsular-Warhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/449923/Peninsular-War““Treaty of Tilsit.” Treaty of Tilsit.” Msn.comMsn.com 1 September 2009.1 September 2009.http://www.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574818/Treaty_of_Tilsit.htmhttp://www.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574818/Treaty_of_Tilsit.htm