napoleon’s rise to emperor
DESCRIPTION
NAPOLEON’S RISE TO EMPEROR. EARLY LIFE. Born in Corsica to a poor family Military hero started early in his career, “savior of the French republic” “the General” = Napoleon. Rise in Military. Napoleon’s Rise to Power. Earlier military career Egyptian Campaign : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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NAPOLEON’S RISE TO EMPEROR
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EARLY LIFE• Born in Corsica to
a poor family• Military hero
started early in his career, “savior of the French republic”
• “the General” = Napoleon
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Rise in Military
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Napoleon’s Rise to Powera Earlier military career
a Egyptian Campaign:1798 he was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a hero’s welcome!
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Europe in 1800
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Napoleon launched a successful coup d’ etat on November 9, 1799.– sudden overthrow of government
• He proclaimed himself “First Consul” • Did away with the elected Assembly appointing
a Senate instead.– In 1802, he made himself sole “Consul for
Life.”– Two years later he proclaimed himself
“Emperor.”
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The Imperial Image
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Napoleon’s Throne
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The Government of the Consulatea Council of State
Proposed the laws.Served as a Cabinet & the
highest court.a Tribunate
Debated laws, but did not
vote on them.
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LegislatureVoted on laws, but
did not discuss or debate them.Senate
Had the right to review and veto legislation.
The Government of the Consulate
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Napoleon Established the Banque de France, 1800
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Concordat of 1801a During French RevolutionaNational Assembly seized church property and land
a Napoleon gave it all back to gain favor and power over the Church
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Concordat of 1801a Catholicism was declared the
religion of the majority of Frenchmen.
a Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution.
a Pope Pius VII renounced the Concordat, and Napoleon had him brought to France and placed under house arrest.
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Concordat of 1801
Pope Pius VII
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•University opened by Napoleon •Students could receive financial aid
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Legion of Honor, 1802
Palace of the Legion of Honor, Paris
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Haitian Independence, 1792-1804
Toussaint L’Ouverture
• Lead the Revolution of Slaves
• Defeated Napoleon’s Army
• Captured later by Napoleon
• Died in Prison
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Louisiana Purchase, 1803
$15,000,000
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Review• What kind of schooling did Napoleon support? • How did Napoleon come to power? • Who was his wife? • What was the uniform system of laws in France? • Why did Napoleon sell land in the Americas?
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“Napoleon in His
Study”1812
by David
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The Continental Systema GOAL to isolate Britain
and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.
a Three edicts eventually led to the United States declaring war on Britain WAR OF 1812.
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THREE EDICTS1. Berlin Decrees 1806-British ships
were not allowed in European ports.2. “Order in Council” 1806 -Britain
proclaimed any ship French or allied ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent.
3. Milan Decree 1807-Napoleon proclaimed no European country will trade with Britain.
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The Continental System
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British Cartoon
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“Napoleon on His Imperial
Throne”1806
By Jean AugusteDominique
Ingres
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The Empress Josephine
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Josephine’s Bedroom
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Napoleon’s Bed Chamber
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Marie Louise(of Austria)
married Napoleon on
March 12, 1810
in Vienna
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Marie Louise(of Austria)
withNapoleon’s
Son
(Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles:
1811-1832)
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Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810
e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System
e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal
e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain
Spain Portugal
France 1806: ContinentalSystem
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“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
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Napoleon’s Empire in 1810
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The “Big Blunder” -- Russia The Russians
avoided a directconfrontation with Napoleon.
• July (1812) Napoleon led his Army of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia.
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The “Big Blunder” -- Russia They retreated to Moscow, drawing
the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause].
The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.
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Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscowa September 14, 1812
a Napoleon reached Moscow
a The city had largely been abandoned.
a The Russians had set fire to the city.
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Moscow Is On Fire!
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Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
100,000 French troops retreat—10,000 survive!
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Napoleon defeated without a shot
Video Gallery - Famous Speeches - The History Channel
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Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
“Battle of the Nations” Memorial
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e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
FALL OF NAPOLEON
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Napoleon in Exile on Elba
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Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
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“NAPOLEON’S ESCAPEe Napoléon escaped Elba and
landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.
e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.
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Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo
(June 18, 1815)
Dukeof
Wellington
Prussian General Blücher
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Napoleon on His Way
to HisFinal Exile
onSt. Helena
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Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena
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Napoleon’s Tomb
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Hitler Visits Napoleon’s Tomb
June 28, 1940
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Nostradamus predicts Napoleon
Video Gallery - Famous Speeches - The History Channel
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Review• What was the Hundred Days?• What events lead to Napoleon’s downfall? • Why did he divorce Josephine? • What is the significance of Cinco de Mayo?