National 3 Musical Periods and Styles

Concepts

• Musical

Musical

• A musical play which has speaking, singing and dancing and is performed on a stage.

• In recent years the musical has seen a revival and may now deal with very dramatic stories and contain no dialogue. Musicals use a more 'normal' singing voice than opera.

Wicked

The Lion King

Les Miserables

We Will Rock You

Re-cap

• Let’s re-cap on other concepts at National 3 level related to Musical Periods and Styles.

Ascending• Ascending notes rise in pitch. Notes can ascend by

leap or stepwise.

Descending• Descending notes fall in pitch. Notes can descend

by leap or stepwise.

Ostinato

• A short musical pattern repeated many times.

St Paul's SuiteMars JupiterNight on a Bald MountainUnfinished Symphony

Repetition• An exact repeat of a musical idea. See

ostinato, riff.• There is repetition in this piece – compare the

first two lines.

HoedownIn the Hall of the Mountain King

Question & AnswerWhat did you have for dinner last night?

I had pizza for dinner last night.

What did you do when you got home from school?

I went on my computer when I got home from school.

What did you watch on tv last night?

I watched Eastenders on tv last night.

Question & AnswerMusical sentences, or phrases, use the same structure as English sentences. The answering rhythm must balance the ‘questioning’ (the opening) rhythm. Question and answer rhythms are found in all pieces of music. Many samba pieces begin with question and answer patterns between the leader and different people from the group.

Task Your teacher will go round the group clapping a short question. You must try to clap back an answer which balances the question. There are very few ‘wrong’ answers to this.

Question and Answer

• An opening phrase which is often followed by an 'answer'. Question and answer phrases tend to be of equal length and similar style.

Morning MoodMy Generation

Round

• Each part sings or plays the same melody, entering one after the other. When they reach the end they start again, eg Frere Jacques.

Round-ishFrere JacquesFrere Jacques II Frere Jacques Clarinet

Chord• Two or more notes sounding together (play a note,

miss a note, play a note, miss a note, play a note).Axis of Awesome (clean)

A CB

C ED F G

C ED AF G CB

C ED AF G CB D

Listening to chord changes

Related concept – chord change

Follow the pattern of a 12 bar blues on the next slide and identify on what chord your teacher stops the music. Lonely Avenue - Ray CharlesRay Charles- What'd I Say Duffy – MercyThe Clash - Should I Stay or Should I GoChuck Berry - Johnny B. Goode

I/C I/C I/C I/C

I/C I/C

I/C I/C

IV/F IV/F

IV/FV/G

Dischord

• A chord in which certain notes clash.Schoenberg

A chord – pleasant sounding(play a note, miss a note, play a note,miss a note, play a note)

A dischord – unpleasant sounding,clashes

The Blues• Blues started as Black American folk music,

developing from spirituals and work songs.• Blues music is often in 4/4 time and is mostly

patterned on a 12-bar structure (although 8 and 16 bars are also found) and

on a scale where some notes are flattened.Muddy Waters Robert JohnsonBig Maybelle B.B. King

Blues Scale

Jazz

• At first this was music created by black Americans in the early 20th century.

• Features of the music may include syncopation and improvisation.

Benny Goodman Woody Herman2013 Compilation Duke EllingtonGlenn Miller Jools Holland

Improvisation

• The performer makes up music during the actual performance. They don’t have the melody written down to help, although there may be suggested chords as a guide.

• Improvisation is an important feature of jazz and popular music.

Three Blind Mice Isn't She Lovely

Riff

• A repeated phrase usually found in jazz and popular music. Keyboard riffs

• This illustration shows the guitar riff for a song by The Kinks called 'You Really Got Me'. Notice the repeat marks at the start and end of the bar.

You Really Got MeBack in BlackI Believe in a Thing Called LoveIce Ice Baby Another One Bites the DustHall of Fame

Rock ’n’ Roll

• 1950s American music which grew from the combined styles of jazz, blues, gospel and country.

Jailhouse RockRock Around The ClockMedely with Cliff Richard

Pop

• A style of popular music played by a group of musicians.

Dancing QueenBarbie GirlThe One That Got Away

Rock

• A style of popular music with a heavy, driving beat. Usually features electric guitar, bass guitar and drum kit

Use SomebodyHow You Remind MeDream OnSmells Like Teen Spirit

Musical

• A musical play which has speaking, singing and dancing and is performed on a stage.

• In recent years the musical has seen a revival and may now deal with very dramatic stories and contain no dialogue. Musicals use a more 'normal' singing voice than opera.

Wicked The Lion King Les Miserables We Will Rock You

Scottish• Music of Scotland.Capercaillie Instruments

Folk Groups• A group of singers and instrumentalists who

perform traditional music from a particular country, eg Scotland and Ireland. Scottish folk music instruments might include fiddle, whistle, guitar, accordion and pipes (see ‘Scottish’).

Mumford and Sons The Corrs

Latin American Music

• Dance music from South America. Percussion instruments provide lively off-beat dance rhythms.

Gloria EstefanJennifer Lopez Mambo ItalianoShakira