nationalism in southeast asia section (19.1). the philippines us colony since philippine- american...
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Nationalism in Southeast AsiaSection (19.1)
The Philippines
• US colony since Philippine-American War• 4 July 1946 – US grants
independence and a stipend in exchange for:• Free trade• Military bases
• Are the bases continued imperialism? Is the money economic imperialism?• Filipinos look for non-US investment• US forced out in 1992
Trouble in the Philippines
• Ferdinand Marcos elected president in 1956• Imposed martial law
and runs the country until 1986• Chief rival B. Aquino
loses his head• Stole millions from
the state
REVENGE!!
• Widow Corazon Aquino runs in 1986 election and wins• Marcos tries to block
her victory• People rebel• Aquino rewrites the
constitution• True democracy
and term limits for the president
But wait…there’s more
• Muslim separatist group, Abu Sayyaf, wants a separate Muslim state in the Southern Islands• Have blown up
ferries, beheaded foreign tourists, assassinated people…usual SOP
Burma/Myanmar
• Britain grants freedom in 1948• Instant chaos between
democrats, military strongmen, communists, and minority groups
• Par for the course really…
Military Dictatorship
• 1962 – General Ne Win creates a military run socialist state
• 1988 – Aung San Suu Kyi tries to start democratic movement• He has been under house arrest,
on and off, since 1988
But its Democracy!
• 1988 multi-party elections allowed• Kyi’s party wins 80%
of the vote• Military refutes the
results
• 2007 – Buddhist monks lead people in uprisings• Gov’t crushes it (not
in a good way)
Indonesia
• Former Dutch colony announced its freedom two days after WWII• Dutch try to take it back
but can’t get support from the US or the UN so they leave
• WWII rebel Sukarno and his army lead the revolt
Division in the Gov’t
• Sukarno tries to govern with parliamentary democracy• Indonesia has: • 13,600 islands• 300 ethnic groups • 250 languages
• Coup against Sukarno violently put down by Suharto (500,000 – 1,000,000 dead)• Police state created with
Suharto in control
A Change in the Air
• Suharto leads state into economic collapse• He’s forced out in 1998
• Sukarno’s daughter, Megawati Sukarnoputri, elected in 2001• Slowly moving to recovery
and democracy
Its never that easy…
• Suharto had taken control in 1976
• Jose Ramos Horta – pushing for freedom – wins Nobel prize in 1996
• 1999 – Elections in East Timor• Indonesia invades• UN steps in, E. Timor freed
in 2002