nato unclassified 1 satellite navigation as seen by nato cgsic, 5 dec. 2002, eurocontrol, brussels...

NATO UNCLASSIFIED 1

Satellite Navigation as seen by NATO

CGSIC, 5 Dec. 2002, EUROCONTROL, Brussels

Prepared by

Jean-Philippe SAULAY

NATO Head Quarters C3 Staff (NHQC3S)

Navigation and Identification Section

(Ext 4309)

[email protected]

NATO UNCLASSIFIED 2

OUTLINE

Introduction / Outline NATO Structure/Missions Navigation in NATO Navigation Evolution Current Issues

• GPS

• PALS

• WRC 2003

• NAVWAR

• GALILEO

Conclusion

NATO UNCLASSIFIED 3

CNAD

NAFAG

ASCC(AU,CA,NZ,UK,US)

WEAG(WEU)

NON NATO

NAVSC

NAC

AG 5

NATO

ALS JWG

AVS WG

NSA

MCNC3B

Air WG

JRCSC

NETMA

NATMC

CNS

NATO Navigation StructureNATO Navigation Structure

Navwar

NATO UNCLASSIFIED 4

NATO Main Mission

Alliance fundamental tasks:

Security, Peace Preservation and Euro-Atlantic Security Reinforcement

3 main Military Missions:• Article 5 collective defense

• Non-article 5 crisis response

• Consultation and co-operation

NATO UNCLASSIFIED 5

Navigation Activities

Support to NAC and Senior Committees (NC3B, CNAD…) for Navigation, Approach and Landing Systems, Time and Frequency standards

Support to MC and Military Structure Missions

• Information exchange (equipment, development, R&D, testing, new technologies…)

• Plans and policies (transition/implementation plans…)

• Standardisation (STANAGs development, maintenance, …)

• Collaborative efforts (international co-operation development and promotion, international test campaigns,…)

NATO UNCLASSIFIED 6

Information Exchange

Nations exchange information through Sub-Committees/Groups:

• on existing systems:

• technical information

• phase in/phase out data

• capabilities of systems and platforms

• on new developments:

• research

• testing

• development and production programs

Cooperation efforts:• Four nation programme (CA, NL,

SP, UK) for the development and production of Low Cost Inertial Navigation System for Ships (SINS)

• Jointly funded studies on NAVSTAR GPS and its adequacy to NATO requirements

• Multinational testing of new GPS equipment (PLGR, DAGR,…)

• Standardization: Integrity, GPS/INS testing, NAVWAR,Differential GPS...

• NIAG Studies (emerging technologies,…)

NATO UNCLASSIFIED 8

Navigation systems

- Doppler Navigator

- GPS/NAVSTAR

- Differential GPS

- Inertial Navigation Systems

- Loran-C ( including Eurofix)

- MLS (including DME-P)

- PAR

- ILS

- MIDS/JTIDS- Non Directional Beacons- Position Location Reporting Systems (PLRS)- SYLEDIS- TACAN- Terrain Reference Navigation- VOR/DME- Celestial Navigation

NAVIGATION PositioningNavigationTimingApproach and Landing Systems

NATO UNCLASSIFIED 9

NATO navigation policy, strategy and requirements:• “ANP-1 NATO Master Navigation Document”

• “NATO Strategic Plan for Air Navigation and Landing Systems”

• National PALS Implementation Strategies (NPIS)

• “Policy on Navigation Services for NATO Military Operations”

• Common Fitting Standards for Air Communication, Navigation, Identification and Landing Systems for Joint NATO/PfP Operations

• ALS NATO Staff Target

• NATO Staff Requirements and Military Operational Requirements

Under development/approval

• “NATO Strategic Plan for Joint Navigation and Landing Systems”

• “Generic Operational Characteristics of Satellite Positioning, Navigation, Timing Services for NATO Military Operations”

• Precision Approach and Landing System Transition Strategy

Navigation Policy

NATO UNCLASSIFIED 10

Navigation Systems Evolution

Emergence of satellite technology Evolution of of the global navigation environment

• Emergence of Satellite Navigation (GNSS, RNSS)

• Traditional ground-based systems/back-up systems

3 Existing or underdevelopment Systems• GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO

NATO uses US GPS System• Only Available System Meeting NATO Military Requirements

• NAVSTAR GPS MOU IV and Addendum

• STANAGs

• Permanent exchange of information among NATO Nations


WHYWHY Satellite Navigation or GPS use

• NATO depends on smaller, more maneuverable forces

(now and for the future)

• GPS on all platforms (Soldiers to AWACS through UAVs

or PGMs…)

• Total Battlespace Awareness

• Huge Capability Multiplier

• Interoperability

• DGPS, SRDGPS, Tactical Landing

• NAVWAR implementation

Navigation Systems Evolution


Current IssuesCurrent Issues

GPS • GPS Modernization program

• GPS implementation, management and improvement (GPS evolutions)

• SAASM, Jamming/Anti-jamming activities

• PPS Certification

Precision Approach and Landing System Transition Strategy

WRC-2003/Spectrum Management Navigation Warfare (NAVWAR) GALILEO


Space Segment• Block II-M• Block IIF• Future Satellites

Space Segment• Block II-M• Block IIF• Future Satellites

System Level• Cryptography• Electronic Keys• Tactical Prevention

•Policy/Plans•Strategies

•GPS III

More PowerMore SignalsMore Flexibility

Signal-in-Space• BOC(10,5)• Ranging Code• Acquisition Codes• Data Modulation

User Segment• Anti-Tamper• A-J Technology• SAASM• INS Coupling• Secure Acquisition• Integrity Monitoring• Digital Signal Processing

User Segment• Anti-Tamper• A-J Technology• SAASM• INS Coupling• Secure Acquisition• Integrity Monitoring• Digital Signal Processing

Control Segment• Open Architecture• Tactical Management• Back-Up & Alternate

Facilities

Control Segment• Open Architecture• Tactical Management• Back-Up & Alternate

Facilities

GPS ModernizationGPS Modernization


M-code Technical Characteristics Spectrally separates civil signals from military signals. Critical capability to allow Navwar prevention operations (security management, jamming)

GPS ModernizationGPS Modernization

Block IIR-Ms (Deployment 04-08)• Adds L2C to L2• Adds new military M-Code• Increase signal power

P(Y)P(Y)

C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y)

C/AC/AM-codeM-code M-codeM-code

L2 L1

Block IIFs (Deployment06-10)

• Adds civil L5P(Y)P(Y)

C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y)C/AC/AM-codeM-code M-codeM-code

Signals in Space

L21227.6MHz

L11575.42MHz

L51176.45MHz

Signals in Space


PALS Transition StrategyPALS Transition Strategy

- 2002 2003-2006 2008-2018 2018 -

•PAR Standard • PAR StandardGain Ops Exp w/ Future PALS•Certify Future PALS

•New PALS Standard•PAR Optional

New PALS StandardVirtually Exclusive

New PALS : MLS or D-GNSS

GPS Based Approach and Landing Activities STANAGs 4392 and 4550 upgrades Standardization Activity on SRGPS (Shipboard Relative GPS) Standardization Activity on Tactical Landing Anti-jamming Requirements


WRC-2003/Spectrum ManagementWRC-2003/Spectrum Management

- Development of a NATO Military Position for WRC-03 to be approved by the NAC in March 2003- Co-operation with the European Conference Preparatory Group (CEPG) and the Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL)

- WRC 2003 Navigation Issues are mainly in 4 Agenda Items:•item 1.4: 5091-5150 MHz Band, use of the band by fixed-satellite service, impact on MLS•item 1.15: 960-1215 MHz, 1260-1300 MHz and 5010-5030 MHz Bands, Resolutions 604, 605 and 606 (MLS, PfD limits)•item 1.17: 2900-3400 MHz Band, Radiolocation allocation upgrade (impact on Radars)•item 1.28: 108-117.975 MHz Band (DGPS corrections)


NAVWAR (1)NAVWAR (1)

NATO NAVWAR definition“NAVWAR is defined as preventing the hostile use of Positioning, Navigation and Timing information while protecting the unimpeded use of the information by NATO forces and preserving peaceful use of this information outside the area of operations”

NAVWAR AHWG“NATO must develop and implement a NAVWAR strategy that ensures availability of this information (PNT) to friendly forces and denies access to potential adversaries.”

NAVWAR ANP

“Provide an overall NAVWAR framework and concepts in support of NATO military operations…”


Preventing Hostile use of PNT in an area of operations Supports critical and time sensitive military operations Denial of PNT services through security management

(encryption, user equipment proliferation awareness and control…)

Denial of PNT services through selectable spectrum/modulation techniques

In the case of GPSAchieving spectrally separation of military services from civil

services is a fundamental part of GPS Modernization and facilitates denial of non-military PNT at the scale of the local area of operations.



Spectral separation of civil signals from military signals to allow the jamming of these civil signals while protecting the military signals

New military signal M-Code with capability to deny the hostile use of civil signals

P(Y)P(Y)

C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y)

L2CL2CM-codeM-code M-codeM-code

L21227.6MHz

L11575.42MHz

By jamming the new civil L2C signal By jamming the civil L1 C/A signal

while using military M-code signal on either side of each frequency



GALILEO (1)

European satellite Navigation System (GNSS) “Must be an open, global system fully compatible with

GPS” 4 + 1 services

• Open Service• Commercial Service• Safety of Life Service• “SAR Service”• Public Regulated Service

• robust (interference)• encrypted• resistant to jamming• limited and well-defined number of government-authorized

users

Civil/military ?


GALILEO (2)

GPS/GALILEO Interrelation-ship interoperability compatibility

• GALILEO Users

• GALILEO services/signals definition and security management

• frequency allocation in respect with the Navigation Warfare (NAVWAR) concept

• GPS M-Code Overlay• GALILEO Flexible BOC modulation


M-code: BOC(10,5) modulation on L1 & L2PRS: BOC(n,m) on L1 & E6

partial/full overlay

P(Y)P(Y)C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y)

C/AC/A MM

15751227

L1L2

MM

GPS

1561 1590

28 MHz

1575

20 MHz

1279

12891269

PRSPRS PRSPRS

BOC (10,5) BOC (n,m)

GALILEO

E6

M-code/PRS overlay


GALILEO (3)

NATO is not a “first line player” on GPS/GALILEO• no “NATO position” on GALILEO

• GPS is US controlled/managed

• GALILEO is EU controlled/managed

BUT

- GPS is a crucial capability for NATO

- NATO needs to protect its Military Capabilities

- NATO needs to protect its Forces

- GALILEO impacts NATO


SUMMARY

Navigation Information (or PNT) Dominance crucial for Military Operations

Satellite Navigation importance/predominance Navigation Warfare to maintain military advantage

during operations GALILEO impacts

• can be negative

• can be positive

• highly dependent on US/EU cooperation and EU technical

choices


On NATO• http://www.nato.int

On NAFAG and ALS systems• http://www.nato.int/nafag

On Navigation• [email protected]

More information ?

Jean-Philippe SAULAYtel. +32 22 707 4309fax + 32 2 707 [email protected]

Georges THIBAUTtel. +32 22 707 4288fax + 32 2 707 [email protected]

nato unclassified 1 satellite navigation as seen by nato cgsic, 5 dec. 2002, eurocontrol, brussels...

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