;.

Natunil History Museums~·

NEWSLETTER .No 1/1978

· Published on beha.lf of the International Co111mittee of Natural History M-useums-of the ICOM by the Museum of ~atural History of the Wroclaw University · Edited by Prof. Dr. W. Rydzewski Address: Museum of Natural History. Sienkiewicza 21. 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland ..

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I N T R 0 DU C T I o· N

. I am delighted to be able to gr~et my friends and coll­eagues again through· the med;itim of .the first Newsletter of our .:t:nteJ.:.national Comm~ttee of ·Natural History Museums. ·This

·is' pa.r-~icularly so because . I waf;J unable .to attend our meet.:.. ings · . in Len;ingrad and Moscow last May~.·· I have 1earned:t though, that our program was a fUll and interesting one,·and

··.that our Committee is certa1nly ·considered to be one of the· .active :and live ones of ICOM. ·

I was honqured to.le~rn that you had re-EHected me, ·absentia~· as your. Chairman. I thank-you-for doing.fjo pledge my continued effort13 6ri behalf ·.· o our.- Committee ·of ICQM.

in-. and·· and

Good_· co~munication ii::: difficult t-o. :fully accomplish at a:ny time_ •. On .the international level it· is .doubly difficult because ·of our differe!lces 'iri 'language and· interests, ·and··· a .tendency to be parochial in our corttacts .. One of the gr·eat features of ICOM and our _Committee l.s that we try to bre.ak dowrJ. the. barriers to communication t . U11derstand:;Lng ·. and pro- _ · fessionalisin. I therefore commend to you the fine effort be­ing. made ·to produce a viable. Newsletter. ·Dr. Rydzewski has. · volunteered to-give it.the ·organization-and vitality_ that.it .needs,. and T thank h_im most sincerely for, doing so.

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: It is important --~ it is 'vi tal --- that we all actively . contribute in a mea:n,ingful· way if tb,e NewslEt~ter is to sue-. ceed.;- Please take. a ·1i ttle ·time to support Dr .. Rydzewsld a,nd his efforts to promote better communication· . amongst· a fine. group of fri\311ds ·and· colleagues who·. are brought: together. by.· ICOM and .its Commi t·tees ..

-My very best wi.shes to you all. Louis Lemieux, Chairman, .

International Committee.of Natural History Museums,' ICOI\t.

2 NHMs NEWSLETTER No.l/1978.

. LENINGRAD CONFERENCE ICOM 77

The . Conferenc.e · of the International Coinmitte.e . of .. Nat- · .. ural History Museums of the ICOM was held in Leningrad, May 19-22, 1977. . . . . . . . · As. the Chairman of the Committee, Dr.L,.Lemieu:x:, was un,-. · able to atte!l,d,the Conference was chaired by Mr F.H.Schultz,_ the Secretary. . The Gonference was· attended . by 79 persons representing 25 countries ~nd numerous observers and guests. · · . Papers. read at the session~ were as follows: · ·

. . . . . . . ' .

. . May l9. Cb.airinan W.Rydzewski, Wroclaw,. Poland

B.A.SAVELYEV, Moscow, USSR *Some Problems i:ri ·the Develop­. ··. m~nt of Natural History Museums of the Soviet Union• W.KLAUSEWITZ, Frankfurt am Main, Fed.R~p.of_Germany- Museo-

logical .·and Sci,entific Acti vi.ties ·of. the Senckenberg · · ... >Museum.. . · ·. · .. · .S.TSURUTA, Tokyo~ Japan':" The.National Science Museum. N.N.SHCHERBAK ~nd·Ei.'P.BARVOINOVA, Kiev, USSR -Natural Hist':"

· · .. ·_· · .. ory ·Museums· of the Ukr~ine. . ·. . · . ·.. .. . · · .. · H.o SADEK-.KOOROS; Teheran, ·Iran ':" Progress, Plans and P~ogress .

of the·Iran National MuseumofNatural·History. · · E·. GRANQVIST, Helsinki, Finland ...; lVIod~rnization Program of ~he

·. · • Zoological Museum of Helsinki University • · .. · H.H()HlVIANN, Bremen, Fed.Rep.of Germany ':" Integration · of Eco­

. lO.gy • Eth:hology ·· and Economy. Plans for tlle Renovation ' · . . of the Overseas' Museum in Bremen.. . . . ·:£i.P.LADEISHCHIKOV, Irkutsk, USSR- A Systematic.Approach· to.

·.the Condition of .Nature in Natural -sciences Museums;. ·

MaY 20. '.Chairman W.KL~JJSEWITZ, Frankfurt am Main,F.R.oG.

o.E.PAGET,··•Vie.nna, Aus·tria·-~ New Children Hal-l in the Vienna.

H.BR~~~~~mMainz,. Fed.Rep .• of Germariy - The. Mosbach Sands - a · Pleistoce:he Deposit· · of World-wide. ·_Importance · anQ. its

. - .. ·_ . Presentation in. a Museum Se~ting. . - . . . . . . W.RYDZEWSKI, Wroclaw, Poland -.Experience of Uno;rtodox Exhi- ·

·· biti6tis~ _ · . · · · . · · R •. JULIEN, Marseilles, France .. ':Che New _Hail of Prehistory •

. -V.A.APRODOV, Moscow, USSR .... Philosophical and Methodological . Bases. · for E~ibi ts of Natural rvruseums .. in the Soviet

. . . -. Union.· - . . .. . -.· . - . . R;,G~TU.CK,·Jr.,.Teheran, Iran- Effective Temporary Live Ani­

-·- mal Displays. f<?r. Natural History Museums.

~Ma;x· 21. Chairman: H.SADEK-KOOIWS, Teheran~ Iran.

· C.G.S(!REvEN, Milwaukee, USA - Museum Exhibition Evaluation. I.AGGUNDEY;. Nairobi, Kenya - National Museum of Kenya. . ·

· M.ARTH, New .York, USA - The Discovery Room.o . . :H.SADEK KOOROS, Teheran, Iran- Projection of afilm C.SUDRE, T()Ulouse, France- BibliothequeEl_l;fantine.

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NHMs Nl~WSJ~ETTEH. No.l/1978 3

Z.APOSTOLACHE-STOICESCU, Bucharest, Roumania- Natural His-. tory Museums in Public Education.

J.MY1LLER, Troms,S, Noi'W?-Y- Use-of Local Area in the Teaching of Biology and Physical Geography.

K. HAGLUliJD, Denver, USA - A Collection Policy Manual.

May 22, .. Chairman ~.H.SCHULTZ, Ottawa, Canada.

D •. JENSEN, Vancouver, Ca~ada - A Standa.rized System for Mu-seum Exhibits. '

W.RYDZEWSKI, Wroclaw, Poland. - A Directory . of •. Natural His­.tory·Museums.

W.RYDZEWSKI; Wroclaw, :Poland_..:. A.Newsletter for Natural His-tory· Museums.·· .· . . . . · .. . . The Commit·tee . decided unanimously: 1.· to work out and to publisJ:t a riew edi_tion of the Int·erri.a1;:i,.onal Directory. of the Natural History Muse1,1ms. under .the editorshfp.o:f Dr.W.Rydzewski and 2. ·to start· publication .of Natural History Museums 1 Newsletter under the .. ed:ltorship of Dr •

. W.Rydzewski of Wroclaw, Poland. , . · · · · · Discussion of previously distributed S.oviet_papers.;

·. S. FUKUDA, Tokyo, Japan ~ Mobile Team ·of Experts for Asian . . ·Museums. . . · · .

S. TSURUTA, Toky'o, ·Japan - Subcommittee of · Natural· History Museums in Asia. ·

Discussion on Asia museums.· · Election of Executive. ·

The Nominating Coinmit:tee, K.Engstrom: and· w.Rydzewski proposed the followingnames·. for .. election: Louis LEMIEUX, present Chairman·; to be re.;..elected, Boris ·A.SAVELYEV, ·to be

. elected Vice.;.:chairman and F.Hugh· SCHULTZ, to be :re..;..ele.cted Secretary.; All three candidates. were ·elected unanimouslY. · Close of Conference. ../ · · ·· ·· · · · · ·

·An additional meeting of. the Committee: was. ·held in Mos..;, · cow on Saturday, May 28, with D.Jensen•.s presentation of the. Standardized S:ystem ·for Museum E:Xhibi ts~ · · · ·

EVALUATING THE IMPACT.OF MUSEtnvr EXHIBITION

Natural history museums are-educational tools with po:.. tential for providing useful factual knowledge; broad over­views,. stimulating n,ew inteJ:>ests and ne\\f. ways of yiewing the_· world and its environments ... Howeyerf evidence·suggeststhat

·museums are educationally effective only ·. · for a minority of scholars and broadly educated persons · .and ·are not effective

. for the majority of "off-the-street" visitors~ Many of· thes.e vi si tors appear to "enjoy'' exploring museum · environments, but they learn or- understand little that is. new of the sub­stantive·exhibit contents. If exhibits are to become educa­tionally effective for the average visitor, · sqme ·system for evaluating the actual impact which exhibits are having on this visitor is required. The question is: ·how can this be done? ·

4 NHMs NEWSLETTER No .. l/1978

Flow chart of rnain steps and decision pobtts of goal-referenced evaluati(>ri~ . ' ' . . "" . . . . . ' . . . ' ., ~ . .

)

NHM:s NEWSLETTER No,.l/1978 5

One approach i~pref;Jented ·by Dr •. C,.G. Sc]:'even in his paper: "Exhipit Evaluation .... A . Goal~Refereilced. Approachu, published in vol.l9 (No. 4),1979t.of "Curator", a Sournal of the ·American Museum of Natural· History (Centr£11 Park West at 79th Street•. New York 10024). In Screven•s· "goal"':"re.ferenced" approach; exhibits are evaluated in term~·. of their educa­ti<;>nal goals.The focus.ison measuring ehanges inknowledge, interests ,att:i,. tudes; etc. b~fore 'and after exhib.i.t exposure. In h:i,.s approach~ see Figur$~; (a) an exhibit's educational goal and desired· audienc~ ·are first care;fuEl.Y defin~d; (b) tests or other objective met1sure.t2J of .visitor knowledge, .a:tt~

·. i tup;es, etc.,· are developed based on, the specific educa..:. tional goals; (c). the exhibit (or tempora:cy forms of it). is dev~loped; ... (d). vi si tor reactions are measured with teets de­vel<;>ped in b'; · and (e)' data are evaluated . in t.erms .. of. how well they match. th~e original e~ibit goa;ts.;If this.:niatch is· poo:p, tbe exhibit (o:r tested components) are modified or ad­justed accordingly. . Screveri. suggests . the use ··. o:f pretests_; ~po,sttests · given, to .separate groups .. of', vis.:l tors before or .after .·exhibit · exposure,. J;retests provide··· baseline ·· data ,against which postt:est changes in knowle'dge, .interests, .. etc. can· be assessed. . . ·· · · · · . .. .. . .· .··.·· · Screven . disti:q.guished ·between · formative evaluation (t(?sting · during exhibit deve;topment) and summative eval;.. uation (after exhibit.·i:s.built) •. ·Information from formative testing can be used to modify the e:x:h:i,bi t in planning stages be:fo:re l:abels, artifacts, . -etc. · ar~ perrnanently installed.

·]'or example' depending on results of.tb.e formative·testi~g of ·a text pa~el, wording or format can ·be chari.g~d, .added to or·. deleted and. then re tested until the text effectively cOm~ inunicatel;J. to small samples. of vis;i. tors randomly··· selected for. such. te.sting~ ' ~he .sazne can. be done with art,i:facts, layouts, inaJ>s., ·- lighting,:· photcua, etc •. · Results .from . the summat!ve evaluation of.tpe:co:m.pleted .eJ{;hi'Pit,. on the other hand,.:pr.o­vides data. on its overall .. eff'~ctivenes.s . in t~rms · of' its original· goals. Res:ultshelp.in a.ssessing.basic ·strategy.and in making <;lecisions concerning f'~ture .planning,. . . ; . .

... · ·Eduqation via museum exhibitions is. based on voluntary visitor.partic:ipation. Therefore, Screveri suggests that it may be necessary to .add motivational components. to .exhibits that encourage ·more careful attention: ·_and ·.ef:fo.:rt -e.g.·, ·by tht? .use of< p.articipatory · "games", cl:J.allenging . question,_ labels,. or hand...;carrie.d audio· cassettes ·which f.l.Sk questions and· direct attention to relevant relationships, ·etc. · .

. Although exhibit evaluation · is best. done . as a·. team effort between mu,;3eum. staff .. ·· ·and professional. evaluators., it still can be·productive for museum staf'f.to carry,qut evall.l­

. ·at ions on their own (with interpretive care).. Local uni.ver.;.. sity students .in educational . or psychological measurement sometimes. can provide ne.eded help with. statistips and.· inter-pretive matters. · ·. · .. · · · .· . : ·. · . · · · · ·· .·· ·. . . . . . . Screven suggests , that, in time, evaluation (both forina.­tive and summative) will :t>e . a regular part· .. of'. inhouse ex­hibit planning and. design. In the·meantime, it is important that. museum. professionals begin getting. practigal ··experience

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6 NHMs NEWSLETTER No.l/1978

in the evaluation process. See Screven • s "Curator" paper fo~ more· details. Professor e.G. SCREVEN addresa·is: The Univer~

·si ty of Wisconsin, Dept. of Psychology, P.O. Box 413, IY1il .... wauke.e, Wisconsin 532pl, u.s.A. · ·

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. THE TAXIDERMIST PROBLE)M . •.

. Dtfring the. :tcoM congress in the · s6viet· union . ;la'st .spring the. proble:m of gett;tng .a good taxidermis.t for the natural hi.sto~ry museums · was discuss~d ma.in;ty. unofficially but w.e could also he a~ ab<;mt it during the· sessi<:ms. It· seems to. be.otie.ofthe·most difficult proble-ms for the museums. As a tax;td·ermist myself I knovV very much about that problem .... let us then. look a'little closer. at it and maybe that such a shoit' analysis can: help to' find a solution. . '•' . . T~~idermy is an art··. and the· taxidermist • is an artist•. However,:h,ie work is, much 'more di:ffic"U:it·-.than that of a usual painter or)wulptor.Ohe of my greatest teacheirs,Carl Bartels in Bremen; .. : used to say: "A .taxidermist ;ts

1

always an artist~ .but few: ar:t~sts are.· taxidermists'' •. V/hy?· The answer is :that a

' ' f;ree.:..;lance artist can develop his talents alO::rig his OWil ima-' ginl;:tti:6n, but· the ·taxidermist may not. He must always; endeav­·our ·to make exact' portraits of ·the animals according to their ' exact. measuremEmts~This is much more difficult. An. imaginary sculpture ;·is ·for me ·and· for most · of my· colleagues .much . \ea$ier to .make. : . . . · . ·. ·.·. . . · . , .. · . The .. taxidermist · must ·be ·a master .in . many different 'fields~:· He mu$t know the· te.chnique of· tnany different 'manual professions.· He. must b~ very good zoologist and have· a good ~riowledge of botany, · geology and usually. geography~ }i:aving . . to· follow ··.the development .-of the :profession , most· taxider-mists also speak several languages. And oncel!l()re ~he· taxi ...

. dei"!nist is·~· before all, a· skilled art/ist f ... · . . . . . .... ·. i .

. . A man With ·su.ch a knowledge should> have -ari adequate sal~ ary ~ . but in ·most countri~s the taxideri:nis't is considered ;as a kirid ·Of stUffe·r who does i,lot need to be paid more than any street~worker.- :· In· many museums the. taxidermist has· to .work .

d.n a· wOrkS:hoii. down in the cellar •... Owing to suc:h circumstan..:. ces and· disappointment sometaxidei'niists'beconie a.trabilious, ma+J.Y others ··give tip .the :professi.on completely. The· businet:;~s-

. minded ones start private-workshops· for. i;ilaking ·hunting trophies. ·. · . ·. . · · .. · · •. · · : . · . . ·. . . .· .· · .. : .

· .The first thing to.do.for·gainingagood taxidermis:t is to offer him·a good salary.· It. should be at least as high·as the 1$alary of :a curator. Now, . many museum directors· will answer ·that.the taxidermist does not·ha.ve· a university de-·

·. gree in n~turall1.istory._ Tha:t is usut;illy true,· but. jus·t ?-ere the discriminat·ion has to .. a,top. The taxidermist must be con-. sidered equally to any other scientist in the museum. His

:work, if w~ll·done, is priceless for his.museum •. Moreover,­. the present.· train:i,ng of a taxidermist is long· and must start · ea.rly.· . It is also quite .different. from the ·ed~cati<:>n of' scientist. JNe must definitely accept that the· tax~dermJ.st is·

Ni:IMs ·NEWSLETTER No·~l/1978 . 7. >.

not· and ·shoUld not be a scientist but as ~n:a;tist i~ the scientist• s equal~· Even in ·salary.... . . . . . . . . .

·The second :reason why it is -so difficult to find a. go.od. taxidertnist is that most. countr:i.e~ do not offer any propel:'

. education for taxidermists. : The you,ng boy that a·sk$. how to. ·· 1Jecome tax.idermist .. cannot get : any other answer ·. than .·. that ·.

·. there are no a-ppropriate schools. "Start to learn at the mu- . • ·· · seum''• ·- "For how long a time?" ~"We do not kriowr" :Only the · ·greatest taxidermy-fans c.an r:Jtart: learning :t:g,. sucl;i con,di.ii:L<?.A.I:I·~· . , .. · .. The qu·estion of proper '~duca.tion:. and trainitig .·must get·. · · .. a solv:tion •. In Western (}e;trru~.ny t Switzerland, .Denntark> and

mayb.e a coupl.e of other couittries · the problem. ·of. ·eduoation is. about po get· a solutio,n~ · In Finland we have .propose·d the .. ·. following. education ·progra,~me that ·will· probably. soon·:. be. · · accepted on the government l.evel •. ~ . .. . ·. . · . · · . _:: After the :so· called· middle,...schodl the pupil.shouid start training in. a ill:J.iversi ty museum for :a period of·~three years •..

. During that time , hEl also has to hear. lE3ssons at . the univer­sity in taxonomy; zoogeography, · . and. anatomy.· One year . of

. ·· (lrawing. and scu),pture · in an art-school . :ts. also·. to be ma(le~· •. .After these. three yea:t:>s the pupil s}louid r:e~ eive. ':a diploma ·of .· .a secortd~clas~ taxidermist.t If l}:e~ wishes :to continue, ,h19 h~s- .

. J:lOW to··choose his specd.al~ty., ·:For ~:x;arriple birds*··. greater .. · mammals' fishes ete.Aftel\ a :minimum' of 'tW() yee.rs Of spec.ial-:- .

. ·izatiQ_I;I: he coul'd ask ·. to pass ... b,is ;f.irst class taxidermist. degree. · .. The exatn should be. •based oh the~ resU:lts of his wo:rk

' and .among :the. examiners there should 'be' specialists ,in taxi­dermy and in general: :zoology" This ; exam. should b.e · sqmewpat . similar to higher academic exams. . .. . . . .. . . . .· ....

· ....... ·· •· Finally, . I should· say that I am not speaking: for myf3elf. because in Helsinki>· there.· is no discrimination : of. taxider~

.Diists. · The s~lary is not of the .same level as· t.hat of. a cti~ rat or, .· but <J: pelieve ··,,th1;1.t it is a questiQn . .- of a short time ·

"·b-~~for.~- it·· i_s ·ar;range_(i·. ··: - .. - . ·. ·· · . .. · ·-· __ -· :_ . _ . . :.'~_-_ _.. _ .-.· . Iri Helsinki .. we can give a first cla'Ss taid.dermist.· edl,l .... ·

·cation to a couple of pupils, . but ~'We do. not:.ha.ve any mone.y . for .that purpose,.. ' so the pupil must have a schola.r.shi-p from .·• ··his o·wn ·country. Eirik GRANQVIST. Zoological· Museum. of the .· . University.; P.R?-utatiekatu 13, · SJil-00100 ·Helsinki lO,Finland •.. . . . . ' ·. . . ·.- . -: .. - _.- . --.

··'I

··.How. They.Work

. . VIENNA;. Austria... .. When ~1annfrtg_ .the new ... ':'Ohildre:q•·s Hall" at the.NaturalHistory Museum, the'following·poi:nts of

. view wer:e essentiai: ·· · ·. · . · · · · · · ;. · · · .· 1~ [ihe field of ·natural. history. should· be presented ··.· ... to the

children . ~d juveniles in such a wa:y . that:. they .become stimulated and animated to ·cooperate. · .. • · .. ·.··. · · .· .. · · ..•.

2~ A "Children's Oo:rne:r-" ·invites parents. to ·leave . their children (4 to 6 years of a,ge) wit.h nurses in a sor~ · of ''·kindergarten'' ·· where . they are tak;eri care ()f .. as long ~s the parents visit the exh;tbi tioris of the museum. . . ... ··. · .. ·· · . ·

~ 3. Tne. contact: ·with the ·obje·cts: · by touching or :by fondling . some animals, working at microscopes, using the library

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NHMs NEWSLET~ER No.l/l97B. . .

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etc.,.· are the most important points of our :programme. : . · · · ·. ·. · In the"Children•s Hall" (ea. 15·x 9m)_ •• the eight·, .. _de-·.

· .partments of t.ne museum are represented .in indivi'dual shbw. · ·.cases. •- (invE)rtebrates., in~ec .. ts, irt=Jrtebra~es~····botany,.· geoiog;y~ __ .•.. pal.eontology, ··. mine:r'alogyL. anthropology and prehistory·). Short, ·but . instructive· inscriptions give important .. · -informa~ ·· tion to. children,. juven:i;Les and, adul ts-:as well. ·. · .

A special show-casf:l. ·presents 150 illuminated . diapos~~ · .· t:rves (30 J.t 40) front all ;fi·elP.s. o.n 16: glass-plates. . .. · .·. . .. ~/ > ·On· S.!l intermediatE~ platform· there-~:;.s· space,~for.worki:Q.g:.

· with micrpscopes ·and- ~:; log•houS.~. ·with _·.a.· number _ · of technical ·. · .. equipment~ \ ... ·:_. ___ -._ . •··· .. · .· · ·. · · _ · . . · . · .. · ·• ... . · .. <:rj.[ain·attractiqri of iihe ch.i~dren•s Hall is an ope'n"walk- . ing~in"-,;diorama of a ;farm;;..yard ; and a forest .. >wi t:P. about 150: .· · animals .(i!l poisonless .. prepar@.~ipriY . some. of them · .. ma~r .be·--. .fondled.: Numerous, bird~:? are represemt·ed. bY a triu.l time.dia ar--rangern_ent (w:Lth voices,. · i;Llumination and , a sho~t .. exph;n:a~ -tion} • .::·. ~/ . . ·· .• · .: .. · .... · _. . ... . , ... ·· .· , . . . . ': .The log..;.house (foJ:. chi;ldren be-:tween 8 and 14) is out::.. ';E'i tted ... -with. ,the _foilc:)wing, equipment. ,whiqh,. is operat_ed .. by

· te;;tc1;1er~:· :miqrosc.opes, .. colour ..... television. set,.· video;..reco:rd- . er, black'""!a.ri.d-white television .with · .came.ra, .an .:over]lead..::.pro~

· jector., a; .. micrqprojec.tor, ·a tap~,.dia_.arrangement as well .. ,as . a library .•. w:i,_i;:h approx. 500 books. · The use of .the. library_ is. ba·aed on confidence. withoui;· co:P,trol. :and •up to now . not • a·

·. single>boo.k ·iJ3 .missing.:· -Nunieroil.s ·in polyester· embedded ob-.·. ·. jeC'ts(insects·,. ~mphibia, .rept:LJ.es, fish) .. are at, the. chi,l~ .

·, dren• e; dispos.al.; In_· ~he log~ho;.tse .·. 30 cJ:lildreri can ·.be .. taken .. care of.. at the same .t~me. . . . . . . . .

. ·, . . Th~ stead:ily :increa~ing nutnber of; gioups of .i'kin~e:rgar_. . tens"· . ·and ~ch.ools. which only come _. to . the Natural Hisi;Qry . Museum in. o·rder. to ·vit?it the· "Ohildre.n'EJ. Ha1ln<shows ,.how . -this. idea_ t·s .:welcomed.·.· As .the phildreri _ pf. today will. be .. the. · :visitors·. of: i;otn.orrow' <.this group has ;to be stimulated '' ip. a ~most effe9tiye .way;..· D;r. _Ol.iver · E~ PAGET;, · .. Natu.rhistorisches .

MusetJ.m, · Zoo).ogische 1\bteilung, · Post·fach .41 T; Burgring .7, · · A-1014 ,Wi.eht · Au~tria. · · · · · :. .. · · .· · · · ·

; .,

. : ~v:RociA.w~ Poland. · · The N'atur~l History ~us~um • ~f ·.the .• _.· ·Wroclaw University, .ar:t>anged reci.ently· ' two .unusual . e:ich:1;bi.;..· . . t;i.ons. The <first of them was the. e.xhibi tions ._·of zoolqgj,cal

. posters. In·· re~ponse t,o ou:r;- request· add:t"esse(l. , to tnusetitn·s, · · ~.oos, and other :i:n.s.titutions we·rec.eived about 400 post~rs,·· .·· ·a large amount of folders-; post-cards a. s.o •. After a· careful _··

·. selection 'we :were. able to show 160. posters; from: 34. countries .· ·o:f :five .continents;. The· exhibition was ·fine~. col.ourful :and···

·.J:iad · a seri·ous: educat:ional value. , It proved to _be- a success. • ··and .very, many people enjoyed it greatly~. We· ~ske.d t:P.e viai.;.. : tors· to choose three< best posters. .· This· voting was· add;iiiio- .

. · · nal. attraction.: -to the people. especia_lly because we informed that.many·.pot:lters would· be drawn among voters.- .·· .· . •· ... · .· ··The. second exhibition was still more unorthodo:x;~. It was.·· n_amed : "The Beauty · of Shells j.md Philatelyn. _· HerE!i postage.

·· · stamps • feat.uring shells· and .. specimens of' or-ig;inal _shells·: of·

,. ;

NHMs NEWSLETTER No·.l/1978 . .

.exactly the sanie species · were ·shown·. s~de .hy side.,.· Such an exhiljition. ·.showing stamp.s : and. authentic.animals ··has never been arranged before. · · . ..... .· . .·· ... ·.. . . . ..

. ·. •. . Of about ·280 species ·of• $h;elis shown on stamps·. we<:were

. able . to exhibit .· ~bout 260 :as sonie .·· ve:cy. rare ·species of shell~ are missing il1 our collection;; .: ':l:'h~ . eXhibition proved · to be. a. great success . as we:Ll. : .. and th~ re.cord of :::daily··at­tendance was broken sev~ral times •. The eXhibition: was finely . arranged . ·and owing to. the.· colouJ:' :Plates .illus"l;ra.tin:g . · .the

. history of molluscs, -their ariat·omy•~ and geqgraphicaJ, dis­.. · tribution as·· well as.tomimer9U·f:! exp.licS,tions .or ... interesting .. . phenomena, Offe-red >the spectators ·a ~olid ·a.mo.'Ulit~·_:.of. zoologi~.

· · cal information. ·· We· J;lave · heard: that people · deci.ded.; to. •start . · .. ·.zoological. stamp collecting; and niany plii:ll3,tetists .·reported

to 'the museum.' .·seeking zoological advice· ' refer:riilg .. to i;heir . ·.·. collections. Thus the; exhibition .fJlifilled ..• •: its dual :.task~ · Prof.Dr~ ·W. RYDZEWSKI, Muzeum: Przyrodnicze, .sienkiewicza. 21~.· 50-335 Wroc1aw, ·· Poland• .· :. : · · • · ·~. · · ·· ·

. .. . . : . . . . . . . ' . : . ~' . .,. .

Notes.·and News ,· . ,. , ·· .. ; , '.·' . ·: .. : .... ... : .. ·.-·,_ .. : .. -... . ~ . . . ·-::: . ·:.

tcoM .. :ExEcuTivE ·couN-cii t977::..19so· :.eiec.ted ::,~:~t·· the ·12th ·· · ·· Conference, Mos6ow,._May·28 .. ,· 1977:: ·.. ; ... · · .· ... •. · .· ... · · ·.-: · ..... .

, . President:- Hubert LANDAlp:,: France;.ViCe ... presidents: ·Paul. ·. PERROT,. USA, Vitali ··SOUSLOV:, JJSSR~ Treasl,.lrer :. Paolo' O.!tDORIN, .. Switzerland~ . Members: A~ BOSE, India, .: KrzysztOf DABRQWSJ.{I, . Poland, Herbert GANS1MAYR,~ >.Fep.-~Rep. of.- G~_rrriany_~ \ Josef\ KUBA-; Czecboslova}.cia, Ulla. Keding OLOFSSON, ; Sweden• > qo~opt~d. ·mem-

.• bers: Taveb MOULEFERA,· Alge:d.J:t~ · ··.· Mario. VASQUEZ, ·M13x:ic6 •. ·Ex;.. .. Officio: G •. LEWIS, -United Kirigdqm, · Chairmt:ul.of'·<~he·· Advisor,Y' . Committee of_ICOM. . ... · · · · · ~>·.. · · . ·

.· . •> . .lOOM INTEIDrATIONA:L ,COMMITTEE ·()F NATURAL' HlSTOR_Y: MUSEUMS ; . . ·.·. l977~19ao· elected _at: the_l2th· Cor.if.erence; .Lening:J:'ad~ .. May 22,

... 1977'~. . . . ... ' · .... · . . .·· .· .. · . . • . ·.. . :. . . .. ·. . . . . .· ... . .Chairma-n:··_ Louis LEMIEUX, Can~da• · :Viq.e.-cha~rman: ]oris · · A~ SAVEI!YEV, USSR. S.ec-ret.acy: .Hugh:' S.CHULTZ ,· .Cah~ci~;e .·.·, ..... ·. •··.' ..

. . . The. Commi ttee 1 s address :Jat MUS€!1liD .of ··Natural, Scienc~as,. •· .. :ott~V~a -l<~_A_- QM8 __ , -- _c·anada_~. :--: · : _.:~·::· · -.;•;-. ·· --·:-. - .-:- ____ , , ... : · ~,- · · .....

- .· . ; .. ~---:. :_:_ '• . .-? .. · : . .. . .·· .. · -:· ..... _:: .. ~.:~ .. ·. ~· . . :·:.·_ · .... _:-.

. . ~- .

DRESD:EN, German Democx-a.-t .. :i.c ·Repilbl{c. · ··: . ,OIJ;:Qctohe:J:> 18th · · .. · .· 1978 · the' Museum >·of :Zoology .• -and ·.:the Museum >of .Minera:J_q ... ·. · gy and· G.eology . of Dr~sden, vi.i.ll celebrate . the 25·0t~r anniver­

sary· · of their: · found,ation ·as special: inusetiin~• .. The. mus·eums. .. Were· .. fov.nded .1560 as, nKunstkariurier'1 which was divided in s~y..;;. / . eral speci~l. museums in 1728~:> Pn th~ occasion. ''in• ''ZW:itiger-.· castle" ·a-t Dresden.· .. ·an exhi.bi tiOn will be opened showing -the histor:'(:of both ·ml.ls'euiris., Dr. R~ HERTEL.· ··. ·· · · .· .·,

·, .. .-.

. .. .··. liiEtv DIRECTORY ·. ··ln ·October ·l977, . · ·qu.~sti~n~~ires, for .. the new edition of the nnirecto:ry of Natl,lral'H.i~tory Mus~-ums · ·of. the World" were sent to all museums whose .add!'·ess·e.s were .. ·

known to us •. ·.The closing· .q:ate ·fq;r- ret~.:r.riing an;:;wer~ is 1st : ·.

10 NHMs-N'EWSLETTERNo.l/197S -

· March 1976. Up to now many- museums sent in their _entries. but_ m~n:y still did not;. _ We remind the closing date ... March 1st·, 1978 ~·and urgently reque~t: them _ to send _ -their repliE:ls a:a· ·soon as poss:i:ble~ The completeness of. the Directo-rY -Te of· the greatest importa!+ce- to all of us. _ Please do not · del~:f ;,..-·_­

-send your t?ntry- today. Help to publish the. Directory· quickly ... · The Editor.::

Requests for Cooperation . . . ··. ~. '

BUCHJillEST, Ro~ania. The qatastrophic -ea~thqut3,que 9:f.> , -4tt March 197?-, strongly affected the building ·and .thecol­lections of ·the· Natu;r:'al _ History Mus.eurn ·_· "Grigore Antipa''; · -· Bucharest; · the most .importa11t Museum of Natural ·Sciences -in .--R. ·1 . ·.. . . .· ·!. . . . . ·: ... . ·. omsm a. _ _ _ _ _. __ -_· _ -. , - _ , . _ . _ . . __ . _ --- ..

-_- · _. . Over ·1000 big . jars ·.-_with wet specimens .. -(particularly _ Gan6ida) were broken; show-cases overt:b.rown, parts of walls:

fell. down on: the sho1J!1-cases crtisning the exhibits, -the ske~ -· -letoil of Deinotherium · gigantissimv.m (unique, h'olotype) --- col~. , lapsed on the skeleton of Mastodon americanus· and both ·were_ crushed,>etc •. All ·colle.ctions -- in_vertebrates and vertebra~ tea -preserved.in fluid _have been sever(i;)ly damaged, the dry

-collections }1ave also been affected. · Coele:riterata, spongia; , mollusca,-iri.sects, 1 abyssal fish, venomo'lls snakes _have'b~en ·

. particularly destroyedt as vve·ll as specimens belonging to< oth(i;)r groups. . . -_· · _ · - ·

- · In .·this _situation_ any ~help from the ~useums· of natural. sciences, willing to facili tat~ the :restoring· of·:the ,col":" ;

_ le_ctione .of' the Bucharest· museum would be .we.lcome. Specimens. 'Pelonging to the list below are requireq. and ari.y gifts.- ·will be greatly appreciated~ · . · __ · - _ _ _ , · •· -··

. _.- - : Sron~rtai_. EUplectella _owep.~. ; Cnidaria: any >repres:ntat-~ ves o S~phonophora, ·any. spec~eEJ of .. Eud:endrium., spe¥21nens ·· of. Hal()riordyle diaticha; - Antennular:ta. atitennina;· ·. CarniarinEJ. .· has:ta:t;-a~ Ann(i;)lida; Polycheta: E.uthalenessa .dendrolepis,:, Hy~-: · linoecia·-.tubicola, SabeJ.la spectabilis, -•- Branchiomma koeli .... · __ kerif. Spirographis spalanzani. Mollusca:_ Nautilus, ___ Pinna_ no~,-.. -. bilis,. Arg6nauta ·argo. Arthropoda: ,Cheli.cerata and. Mandibu-· · lata ~ny· representatives of': Diplopoda, .Pau:;r-opoda~ Syn1phy'la, -

·Soli fugae, · Opiliones, ·_ Scol.opendromorpha·. .Crusta·cea: Concho""":· _ ·_ · derma aU~i turn;_ Lysios.quilla, eusebifl, . l'enaeus tris.ulcatus,

Pandalus; borealis, Palaetnon.: xiphias, · Ponj;onia -phalusiae, Pontonia_· tyrrh:mat. Jaxea no_ct1:1rn~, CallianEj.~sa,-ste·bb~ng~ (or<:,._­any other spec~es) ,- Galathea· str~gosa, .Drom~a- vulgar~s, _ eo .... · rystes cas si velal,lnus·,_ GecfJ,rc.irius sp~_; :Phro:riima s~dent~ria. ·· ·

_ in,secta: · Indo-Malayan: Coleoptera _· and. diurnal_ Lepidoptera,, -. · ·. Neotropical Coleoptera,. '0donata, Lepidopte_ra~ , _ Si~unculidat- ·

Bonn·el.ifl -viridis •. Bryozoa: Horner~ frond:Lculatus· •. 7cliinoder~ mata; species of Tfiyone,< Paeudocticumis,_ Psolus, as -w~ll as. large si.zeSynaptidae. Crinoidea: all our specitnenswere_de­stroyed, ·, .he:rice ~ any representatives of t'he group __ ,_would be welcoiD;e._ ·-urochordata: Salpa ·m1.1cronata, Salpa max;i.mCJ;, .. ~ .S~;Upa· _ scutigera, Jjorelia· parallt7logramm.a, -IVIolgula ocul ta·, Amaro• ·--­uc:i:um stellatum, Le;Ptoclinum maculo~um. p,fsces: abyssaJ~. fiah.

NH}Ws NEWSLETTER No.l/1978- 11

(IJinophrynet Omosudis, Alepisaurus, Br'osmiculus, Bateygadus,. etc.) ·and from the southern areas marine. and freshwate.r. fish from .so11thern P.ernis.phere. Amphibi!J!: Ce·ciliidae, Ranidae: (Rana ariralis; Rana arvaliSw()llerstorffi), Leptodactylidae, Pipidae,_ H:ylidae {Australian)' Ascaphidae (New Zeeland) .. Reptilia:. Pygopodi~e ~· Dibam,idae .. , . Ch:'-maeleonidae>·. (Chaina~leo. oustalelJ.., BrookesJ..aJ, AustralJ..an· LJ..zards·,. South Am_e:t:~can Teiidae,.Ophidia (the collection of venomous snakes ·was de­·stroyed in 80 per eent), Viperid~e (Bitis peringueyi, · .Lache;;. sis, ·sistourus, Bothrops),·Elapidae (Dehdroa~pis),,Boulange­r.ina; Hemachtus, · Aspidomorphus, Demansia, .Pseudechis, · peni.:... sonia)·· Birds: i(Je kindly ask . for ,speci~s · belonging ·· to :the following t·arnilies, . especially . the· underlined ··ones {skins suii;able · fbr,.#lounting): Spheniscidae (little penffidns},. PrO-. cellariidae, Hydrobat.idae~ Pelecanoidae, Phaeton.tidae, Anhi..;,

.midae,. Ti:nam~<rae,:-Eeliornit~iQ.ae,~Rnynochelidae-; ~Niesoenati .... dae ,. Turnicidae,. Psophiidae, ~Tacanida.e, · Rostratulidae, Bur­

. hinidae, ·· Glareolidae, Scolopacidae, Thinocoridae7. -cnionidi...; · d~~'· Aloid~e, ft~rg.clida~,. :podargidae ~ ~Y'£,t_!b'iida~ ,-!e,sotn~­!J..,£ae, Jlem::.I?.r.Q_cnJ..da~,·. ~podJ..dae; . .'r,roc.fp.lJ.._£~~!· .CollJ..<iae, .T?£1..;. 1Iae,-:-,Momot1(fae,~:ropJ..J..dae (Afr~can), IToz;acJ..J..dae, l?h.Q_enJ..£;U­

e, Bucconidat:}·, Capitonidae, · Indicatoridae, Et,try!aim'idae, . -. &!r!i£?e, co~olloi?.hagida~, coti'ngfO::'-e, -E.IErJ:.dae-; £:fe.£1;,er,!-

. nJ.·oaet· Zos1;eropJ.dae:, !c'=CerJ..dae, ArtamJ..dae, TyrannJ..dae,- Ph1-:- · !ejlittfd~e,·vangidae, 1:,rQglo_<!y_ii_2.a~, Sittidae;. CliiD:acteri= 'dae, !Jle]:_i~h.!:l;gidae, Dr~panidi~ae, Gralinid~e .• · Ptilo:r;orhynchi­dt::te, ITurv:~.:dae.· lammalJ..a; AfrJ..can and AmerJ..can specJ.es of. In­sectivore, Rode11tia, Carnivora and Primates· European spe-. cies :of Irtsectivora, Rodentia (only Marniota); Insectivora,' · Lemuridae, Tarsiidae from Madagascar. .· · . · ·

. ·, ·M:us~utn willing to arrange material· exchange :for R6tna- · · nian specimens., are kind) .. y requested to make ·their offers, · addressed to: Muzeul de I)3torie. J.'Taturala "Gr •. Antipan, . Sos •. Kiseleff, 1..,. 71268; Bucharest, Romania. Dr. M.· BACEScu,. P:i~· rector. · . . .

. ·· 'wROCLAvV,. Po.land. · · The.Natura:f History Museum of the Wro.claw Uniyersit;y is .interested in getting po.sters, guides, folders and ·all other·publications.issued by th~ natural· hi~. story· .museums. The .museum's collection of these< iteins··iis · v.eriJ · fine and we would. be yery pleased to enlarge it. . . ' ' ..

We· would be very· glad·· to receive mint · p.ostage stamps featuring all ·kinds· o.f animals to be usecr-I'Or special to pi- .· cal exhibi tiori.s. · If. your couritry issue.d such stamps~' please d6 not·. forget to· send us one mint set -of therri. 'Letters· should be addressed personally .to me •. ·Prof. Dr. w. RY;DZEWSKI, Museum of Natured Hist.ory, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-d35 Wroclaw, .··· Poland•·

TOKYO, Japan. . .• The National Science Museum welcomes exchanges of information and materials,. with.other museums, universities and related. institutions throughout the. world. The Library· of the Nat.iona1 Science Muse.\Ull is at present· en-. . .

I I i

. . 12 NHMs NEWSLETTER No.l/i97a·

larging its International Section named the ·.Mueu~um :Oocumen.,_ · tation Centre •. .Any newslet.ters,:;. bibliographies . and . other . . publications to be ·included in this section .... should be sent· to: TheMuseumPocumeri.tation Centre~. National Science· Mu~ seum, Ueno Parkt Tokyo 110, Japan.

Recent Lite.rature J 0 U' R N f\. L. S M u s e o 1 . o g y

. . I .·

GAZETTE - ·Qurn·teriy of the Canadian M~seums Associa·tion. PubliE;~hed·by. the Canadian Jll[u~eums Association. · · Editor: Gacy J. Sirois.. . ·· · · · · · ·· · Annual subscription: . $ a. 00. . : .. Ed. address: JJ.l Cooper Street,. :.Suite 400t • Ottawa~ ·.Ontario

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NillJis NEWSLETTER No,.l/1978 . 13.

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14 NHMs NEWSLETTER No.l/1978

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UHMs lJJ~\VSLgTTER I'ro.,1/1978 ·. 15

. . . . .

'fhe Official. Museum Directory United States - Canada ·197J .• · n.p., n.d. American Association of Mus.eums and Crowell­

·. Collier Educational Corp. 1022pp. Cloth .. No prige. · .. ·United States &. Canada

B 0 0 K.S . . .

Lewis R-H. 1976 ... Manua1.for~[useums~ Vtashington.D~C.U.;~ .. Dept. · of Hie Interior. xiii+412pp ... 53 f':igs~l .~colour plate • .Cloth. Price $ 4.70. · · · · · · · . Museol.osY

·· ...... rvr'.u··.s· e o l·:·o .g y·

Cfl.llla v.' ·F~d.Montgome~y. '1977. dreati ve Cofup;qinise: Th~ ell-. . rato1~ an<1 the <1esignel;'. Museums J.llewt:3 55 (4) :.~:31~37 •. ·· ·.' · Dunfier w.1,G.Vater.; 1977 .• Das Sta~tli.ch.e.~seum.fu .. r Na.tur.kun~·

. ·· ... ·. · e Gor J. tz .- Jilo;rschungstelle J.n T~adJ. t::on~ 11nd Gegenwar~ •.. · . · .. Neue Museumskunde 20 ·(l} : .18-33. ·· EnglJ.sh ·summarY.~· · ... · .• · Ha&pe · ~.v ~ , · .. C.;Hammond7. 1.977~ ~A Sys.tem for· .. Catalo.· ging. -·•. l.~1useum · .. ·

· • · · erJ.odJ.cals •. Museum News 55 (6) :. 38.-40• · · · •.. > ·. · .. ·.. .

Handtke K. 1971• Eine heue.A''I)i;'eitung nsaurier,;,..Urvogel" .. als. standige Ausstellung des Museums He;i.neanti.m, ·. Halberstadt. ·

· · Neue Museumskunde 20 ,{1) : ·. 34-40. English s'Umma:cy. · :·.···· .... Hertel R. 1977. Ueber die krbei t mit Jugendlichen am ·Staatli- · · . chen Museum fur Tierktinde Dresden• . · Neue Museumskuin:de.· 20 ·. ·· (2)': 120~126. English· sU.mm~ry: .· .. · · .. · .· <. ,. . : :.~ · " ~ ..

. Hill en J. :J-9:77. Modular 'Exhib:i t S;Ystem.Gazett.e 10' (g) :. 6 .... 10. · Jafiri I., K;. Seri~Iauh •. 1977.· Di~ naturhis-t;orische. Muae·en . und

·•· das kulturel1e,. Erbe. Neue Museumskunde .· .. 20. (1). : 4~17. · .. _ ·En_g~j.;-sl:f>surrima:rY·I. -.. __ · ..... _ - _ . : .. ,· .. ·_ · .. .. .· ~ ._ ... _>--:- ; __ , .. _.. .

Joost w., W.Zimmerina.nn. 1977.·Zoolog:j_srihe For.schung am Museen der Natur .Gotfia. lVIoglichkei ten eines. naturwiss~risphaftli­

·.· chen Bezirksmuseums in der DDR. · Neue ·Museumskunde 20 (2) • .. :. 107-119. English summa:rY •. · .. ·· .. • · .. ·. ·· · .. · .. ·. ·.·· · ' . _. ··· .· Konig c.· 1977 • . Naturmuseeh und Natur13chutz~; Museumskunde .11. : · .. ·.· . (2} : 79;...83. . . .· . . . . ' .· ... ·• . ·.· ·. · ... ·. . . . . ·. ·.·· ..

Lamme.rs G. 1,977. Hall of' Animal.'Life I(Manitobcl.Museum:· of. . . . Man ·and·Natu:re •.. Gazette 10 {2) ·: 53;.57;.: . · ·· · ... ·.·· · .. · .· .. · .· Lavin J~C., G.D.T.Wilmore.- l?J7.7. >The development .ofthe J3io...;. · .... logical Data Bank, West Yqrksll.ire Region.· Musell.Dls Journal

'77(1}: 2-7 •. ' ·. ·.· .. ·. ·. . .... ·.. . . Pflauba.um: L. 1977. Die neugestal.tete haturvHs.senschaftliche

Ausstellung in·Museen Bad Frankenhausen. Neue Mus~umskun­. de 20 (2) : 9li...l06. Englishsu.mrriary.

Preacher H. 1977 ... Qeologische Naturdenkm.ale und Muse en. Neue . Museumskunde 20 (1) : 48-56. E:nglfsh summary.·

16 NHMs NEWSLETTER ~io.l/1978 ·.

Puls K.E. t H.'Cj.Ulo. 1977. Zum Raumklima ;in Museen.oMuseumskun­de 42 lJ : 15-23~

Swiecimski J. 197.7.., The problem of direction of exhibition modernization and their .casual basis.; .. Museoiogia 8-7: 3-21. .

Ziegl.er. l3 .. · 1977. Naturkundemuseen und Bodendenkmalpfleg~. Mu­. seumskunde .42 (2) : 63-69. -

· Dear Reader, ' . ·- . -.. . . . . . ··.

You have just read this initial issue. of our News­l~tt~r. ·Now; allow me to explain some details ·of it. First the permanent columns.. "How They Work" - here I intend · to giv~ into·rmation on new· exhibitions, new achievement? . etc;. ... in the museums. ·"Notes (?.nd News 11 - this column i.s,I believe, self'~explanatory. "Requests for Qooperation" - this is a very importan~ ;feature o:f.the Newsletter and should serve ,as a·. medium· of contact . between museums in all matters requiring·· exchange,. gifts, assistance, etc .. Another column .(not yet in· thi.s issue) will be 11 Technical Aids'~ . where information .. on new techniques, new materials, etc. will be 'published~ This

• column. will also. accept .the paid advertisements. "Recent I.i t-. :erature'' ·.will be divided into: museological journals' bull­etins· and newsletters · (issued either by associations ·or by. individual, museums), . general natural history · journals, jour-. nals devoted to·one branch of natura1.history· as botany, ge­o~ogy, . ~.?ology etc·! , dire c. tori es ~ b?ok. s (with short in:fonna .... ·. t·J. ve revJ.ews); artJ.cles • on museologJ.cal problem$. · ... ·: •· : . ' .· · · The above contents of i;he l~ewsletter can,. of course, be. enlarge·a or shortened according to your wishes or suggesti­ons._ In ariy ease~ . however, 'thEdr existance depends entirell' on· you:and the material you will send to. me. ~d do not, ex• pect. that others will do t·his .. :for you .:.. start with' yourself first.· ·. · · · . . , .. . · . · . .

·· I should.like to see also the Newsletter ·as .a .platf~~ ·. for discussions •.. There are various. problems. which .are .·.··of

.vivid interest to all·museums.: For examplejthe typeof. exhi-. bi tion. Should We· follow nature and try to itni tate it in 'the . museum (e.g •. by dioramas, background arrangements, etc.) or,

as· all in the .. museum is. more or ess artificial and conven-tional'. should we :emphasize this ·and arrange.·. our exhibits along this line. ·•· .Another problem. could be:.· What is better ...;. either.. to endeavour to .explain the natural histo.ry pl•oblems

· using various techniques besides. the specimens, . or to show the wealth of animal,· plant or·mineral world arranging mono

· thematic exhibitions limited t·o one topic.· · . I expect your promised help in the. editing of the News- .

lett.er. First I warit your criticism, suggestions, opinio:ns • . The final ·shape and·. fonriat of it must be. workE,1d out ··by al:L of us. · · · · ·. . · ·· · ... · .. · .·· · · .

It would be :fine if the Newsletter ·could appear·quar­terly.This is possible providing my editorial basket is full

· and tb.is depends entirely on your cooperation. I repeate ·once.· more do .not wait for others' .start your cooperation at once.

Kind regards to· all of you, · .. Yours Editor

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. . . . . ... ~·· .... ~ .......... ~ ..

The Editor, . . . . Natural History MuseU.mf1 1· J,liewsletter, Museum of Natural History, Sienkiewicz·a 21, 50-335 'vYROCLAW, Poland.

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