Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & Ecology

Earthquake engineering and engineering-seismological research:• Seismic hazard and risk; • Seismic zoning and microzoning; • Definition of seismic design parameters; • Planning, design and construction in seismically active regions;Geophysical surveys:

• Refraction & Reflection seismic investigations; • Down hole and cross hole seismic investigations; • Seismic tomography; • Microtremors -  active and passive measurements of seismic surface waves; • Explosions – measurements, control, interpretation and design of seismic

effects from mining performed for different purposes;Ecology:

• Protection against natural and technological catastrophes – preparation of technical-technological reports, solutions and preliminary projects;

• Communication with governmental institutions, domestic and foreign associations and foundations in the field of protection of environment;

Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & EcologyMap of Epicenter of Earthquake M 4.0 to M<8.0 Period:1900-2000

Pehcevo-KresnaPehcevo-Kresna M = 7.8;I=X MCS 04-04-1904

Valandovo; Valandovo; M = 6.7; I=X MCS 08-03-1931

Debar; Debar; M = 6.5; I=IX MCS30-11-1967

Bitola; Bitola; M = 5.2; I=VII MSC-6401-09-1994

Podgradec-Ohrid; Podgradec-Ohrid; M =6.7; I=IX MCS18-02-1911

Skopje; Skopje; M = 6.1; I=IX MCS26-07-1963

GEOLOGIC & SEISMOGIC BASE FOR LAND USE PLAN FOR SKOPJE

d-r. Gavril Mirakovski-dipl.ing.geoph.; Prof. d-r. Snezana Stamatovska-dipl.civ.eng.; Slobodan Micajkov-dip.elec.eng.

1. GEOLOGICAL BASE : Seismotectonic map Engineering-geologic map Hydrogeology map Ground Bearing capacity according to litology Land use planning2. SEISMIC ZONING Return Periods 100, 200, 500, 1000 & 2500 years.3. DBMS & GIS applications

SEISMIC ZONATION: Ground Acceleration Distribution

amax for RP 1000 years

Measuring points distribution in the mine filed MP-1

SEIZMIC HAZARD from “MAN MADE” Sources- mining explosions -

d-r. Gavril Mirakovski-dipl.eng.geoph.

Natural and Technological Hazards & Ecology Natural and Technological Hazards & Ecology Strong Motion Laboratory

• In order to provide permanent maintenance of the installed network and processing of the obtained strong motion records, the IZIIS Strong Motion Laboratory was established

• The instruments are located in all the regions of Macedonia characterized by pronounced seismic activity and are installed on various types of structures – dams, bridges, tall buildings, industrial plants, administrative and educational buildings providing continuous monitoring of the seismic activity

• In almost 40 years of operation, SMN recorded earthquakes with magnitudes 3<M<7.2 resulting in a database with more than 1200 strong motion records obtained from near and distant seismic sources on different soil conditions (bedrock and soil deposit), and different types of structures

Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & EcologyMonitoring and recording Strong Motions Monitoring and recording Strong Motions

Distribution of instruments

Soil conditions Accele-rographs

On bedrock 9

On characteristic soil 19

On structure 102

Total 130

Structures Accele-rographs

High-rise buildings 33

Dams 49

Bridges 20

Total 102 Seismic monitoring on Strezevo DamSeismic monitoring on Strezevo Dam

Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & EcologyStrong Motion NetworksStrong Motion Networks

Thessaloniki

S L A V I A

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Prespa Lake

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SM A -1 accelerographs insta lled on:

L E G E N D :

Tetovo

Gostivar

M .Brod

DemirHisar

SvetiNikole

KrivaPalanka

NovDo jran

PrilepKrusevo

Bitola

Kavadarci

Gevgelija

Negotino

Valandovo

Strum ica

StipVeles

Radovis

Delcevo

Vinica

Kumanovo

Kratovo

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ResenOhrid

Struga

KicevoDebar

SKOPJE

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Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & EcologyStrong Motion NetworksStrong Motion Networks

Instruments are installed in seismic active regions in Republic of Macedonia thus providing data necessary for:

• Improvment of ingeneering practice, especially for aseismic design of new and reconstruction of existing buildings;

• Improvement of Tecnical Regulation and Biuilding Codes for design and construction in seismic active regions

• Seismic hazard assessment, physical and urban planning;

• Design and construction of essential structures (schools, hospitals)

Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & EcologyReal Time Strong Motion NetworkReal Time Strong Motion Network

Real Time Strong Motion Network (2010)13 GURALP Instruments covering territory of RM

3D Real Time Strong Motion Network in Ohrid (1976) 9 in Boreholes 4 on Free Field 6 on Structure

Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & Ecology3D Real Time Strong Motion Network

Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & EcologyReal Time Strong Motion Network

UKIM-IZIIS in colaboration with CMC (Crisis Management Centre) started an iniative to implement the Shake Map system in Republic of Macedonia

CMC provides location for the instruments (GURALP) with necessary infrastructure (electric power, internet connection) in its premises throughout Republic of Macedonia

UKIM-IZIIS chose 13 locations and installed GURALP instruments, as part of the ShakeMap System Network

Definition and realization of two centers (one in UKIM-IZIIS, one in CMC Headquaters) for data acquisition and presentation

Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & EcologyReal Time Strong Motion NetworkReal Time Strong Motion Network

Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & EcologyReal Time Strong Motion NetworkReal Time Strong Motion Network

Responsible authorities for search and rescue operations wants rapid information on areas affected;

Government and Emergency Management need to know the likely financial impacts;

Consulting Engineers need to know the effects on structures and how close to design limits the structure has endured;

Earthquake Engineers want to know the parameters of the shaking;

Seismologists want to know the details of the fault system that caused the event;

Media want to know how the Public will be affected; Business Leaders need to know the likely affect on their

multiple locations and campuses and the safety of their structures

Natural and Technological Hazards & EcologyNatural and Technological Hazards & Ecology

THANK YOU