natural insecticide by group 2 - iv seraphin
DESCRIPTION
Natural InsecticideTitleTable of ContentsCurriculum Vitae/Personal ProfileRationaleStatement of the ProblemStatement of the HypothesisTheoretical/Conceptual FrameworkDefinition Of TermsRelated Literature/StudiesMethodologyMaterialsProcedureBibliographyTRANSCRIPT
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St. Joseph’s School – MactanMactan, Lapu-Lapu City
A.Y 2012-2013
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT PROPSAL:
NATURAL INSECTICIDES
Submitted to :
Mrs. Maila Juanita ValderamaSubject Teacher
Submitted by :
Babe Jay Senerpida
Mark Bryan Suralta
Allyssa Loi Dungog
Rogelynn Aying
Louie Jay Durano
Mary Joyce Sabanal
Dave Christian Arellano
Carlo Labayan
Marle Tatud
Gellan Abraham Reusora
Yr. IV – St. Seraphin
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Table of Contents
Title 1
Chapter I.
Curriculum Vitae 3
Rationale 13
Statement Of the Problem 14
Statement of the Hypothesis 16
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 16
Definition of Terms 18
Chapter II
Related Literature and Studies 19
Chapter III
Materials 24
Procedure 24
Bibliography 27
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Carlo Jay Labayan
AGE: 16 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: August 24, 1996
PLACE OF BIRTH: Mactan Doctor’s Hospital
HOBBIES: Playing Computer, Listening to Music
MOTTO: “Time is Gold”
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: Regent Pacific College
ELEMENTARY: Regent Pacific College
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Allyssa Loi Dungog
AGE: 16 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: August 30, 1996
PLACE OF BIRTH: Opon Maternity House, Lapu-Lapu City
LANDLINE: 505-3299
MOBILE NO: 09324043070
HOBBIES: Playing Volleyball, Watching TV, Reading Books, Sleeping
MOTTO: “It’s not Luck that brings me here, it’s Hard work”
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: Lapu-Lapu City Central Elementary School
ELEMENTARY: Lapu-Lapu City Central Elementary School
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT:
7th Honor
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Louie Jay Durano
AGE: 18 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: July 16, 1994
PLACE OF BIRTH: Mactan Doctor’s Hospital
MOBILE NO: 09424725158
HOBBIES: Playing Basketball, Watching TV, Listening to Music
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: Mactan Elementary School
ELEMENTARY: Mactan Elementary School & Carmelite School
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Gellan Abrham Reusora
AGE: 17 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: February 5, 1995
PLACE OF BIRTH: Mactan Doctor’s Hospital
LANDLINE: 266-2661
MOBILE NO: 09282653897
HOBBIES: Playing Computer Games, Listening to Music, Jogging
MOTTO: “Watch your Thoughts for they become Words, Choose your Words for they become Actions, Understand your Actions for they become Habits, Study your Habits
for they will become your Character, Develop your Character for it become your Destiny.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
ELEMENTARY: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Rogelynn Aying
AGE: 15 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: March 20, 1997
MOBILE NO: 09335139460
HOBBIES: Watching TV, Jamming with my Family and Friends
MOTTO: “Love me and I will love you more”.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: Mactan Elementary School
ELEMENTARY: Mactan Elementary School
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Mark Bryan Suralta
AGE: 16 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: October 24, 1996
PLACE OF BIRTH: Maternity Hospital, Cebu
LANDLINE: 495-7945
HOBBIES: Gaming, Reading Books, Hanging out with Friends
MOTTO: “Take Hard Challenges Fun”
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
ELEMENTARY: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT:
5th Honor
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Marle Tatud
AGE: 15 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: August 12, 1997
PLACE OF BIRTH: Manila Doctor’s Hospital
LANDLINE: 266-7901
MOBILE NO: 09435613091
HOBBIES: Surfing the net, texting
MOTTO: “Grades doesn’t matter our intelligence”.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
ELEMENTARY: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Merrie Joyce Sabanal
AGE: 16 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: December 6, 1996
PLACE OF BIRTH: Mactan Doctor’s Hospital
LANDLINE: 493-4672
MOBILE NO: 09326097870
HOBBIES: Watching TV, Eating, Surfing the net and Jamming with Friends
MOTTO: “Live while we’re young”
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
ELEMENTARY: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Dave Christian A. Arellano
AGE: 15 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: February 15, 1997
PLACE OF BIRTH: Mactan Doctor’s Hospital
LANDLINE: 495-8797
HOBBIES: Playing Basketball, Watching TV, Surfing net
MOTTO: “Don’t judge a book under the mango tree”
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
ELEMENTARY: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan & EMD Carmelite School
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
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CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Babe Jay Senerpida
AGE: 15 yrs old
DATE OF BIRTH: April 5, 1997
PLACE OF BIRTH: Cebu Maternity House
LANDLINE: 494-1130
MOBILE NO: 09194056253
HOBBIES: Watching TV, Playing, Surfing the Internet, Eating, Sleeping
MOTTO: “Pray, Try and Enjoy”
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: Elementary
SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
ELEMENTARY: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
HIGH SCHOOL: St. Joseph’s School-Mactan
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT:
2nd Honors, 3rd Honorable Mention, 1st Honors, 4th Honors
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CHAPTER I
RATIONALE
Today, we can clearly see the slow killing of Mother nature. Destructions are
everywhere. Air, water and even land pollution. We have no escape. As students,
we should be aware of what is happening in our environment and society and do
something, in our smallest little ways, to help preserve our only home. We are
given an Investigatory Project or an IP in our Physics class to somehow lessen our
environmental problem. Our assigned project to be investigated is the Homemade
or Natural Insecticide. We all know, that our Ozone layer is getting thinner and
thinner every time because of the chemicals we use daily. Now, to lessen the
problem in our Ozone layer, we are going to study about the use of natural
insecticides that are CFC-free. We can not only protect and help preserve our
environment, we can also be sure that our plants and crops are healthy too. Here,
we will give you an overview of what a Natural Insecticide really is.
A Natural Insecticide is a Chemical or biological substance designed to kill or
retard the growth of pests that damage or interfere with the growth of crops,
shrubs, trees, timber and other vegetation desired by humans. This is the best
substitute to synthetic insecticides that can harm our planet. A synthetic insecticide
can contain poisons and toxins that are not found in a natural insecticide. These can
be harmful to living things other than the insects they were intended for. Synthetic
chemical insecticides often contain ingredients that kill beneficial insects. These
insects may be bees that pollinate fruits and vegetables. They may be ladybugs or
butterflies, which are also helpful to have in a garden. A natural insecticide will
probably leave beneficial insects safe. Organic gardening is accomplished by
avoiding the use of laboratory-made fertilizers, growth substances, antibiotics, or
pesticides. This means using nature's tools to grow your plants, fruits, and
vegetables. It's a way of being kinder to the earth. Using natural insecticides is a
part of that process and has grown in popularity. If done properly, it costs less. If
you learn to grown or produce your own insecticides, you're also aiding the eco-
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system by not putting man-made chemicals into the dirt and air. You can help
reduce the negative effect on the ozone layer by doing your part to help nature. In
our modern technology today, you can look on the internet for the most trusted and
safest ways of making a Natural Insecticide.
There are many alternatives in making a natural insecticide, in our group, we have
decided to use a Liquid soap recipe way of creating a natural and organic
insecticide. Soap sounds harmless enough. We wash our bodies with it, wash our
dishes with it, and blow bubbles with it. What you need are Spray bottles,
Biodegradable liquid dish soap, Lemon or orange essential oil, Cooking oil,
Baking soda, Garlic, Chili powder, Water. It is as easy as that! And it is cheaper than the synthetic ones.
Statement Of The Problem
The environmental impact of pesticides is often greater than what is intended by
those who use them. Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides
reach a destination other than their target species, including nontarget species, air,
water, bottom sediments, and food. Though there can be benefits using pesticides,
inappropriate use can counterproductively increase pest resistance and kill the
natural enemies of pests. Pesticides can contaminate unintended land and water
when they are sprayed aerially or allowed to run off fields, or when they escape
from production sites and storage tanks or are inappropriately discarded.
Pesticides can contribute to air pollution. Pesticide drift occurs when pesticides
suspended in the air as particles are carried by wind to other areas, potentially
contaminating them. Weather conditions at the time of application as well as
temperature and relative humidity change the spread of the pesticide in the air. As
wind velocity increases so does the spray drift and exposure. Also, droplets of
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sprayed pesticides or particles from pesticides applied as dusts may travel on the
wind to other areas, or pesticides may adhere to particles that blow in the wind,
such as dust particles. Ground spraying produces less pesticide drift than aerial
spraying does. Pesticides that are sprayed on to fields and used to fumigate soil can
give off chemicals called volatile organic compounds, which can react with other
chemicals and form a pollutant called tropospheric ozone. Tropospheric ozone is
a greenhouse gas and initiates the chemical removal of methane and
other hydrocarbons from the atmosphere. Pesticide residues have also been found
in rain and groundwater. Studies showed that pesticide concentrations exceeded
those allowable for drinking water in some samples of river water and
groundwater. There are four major routes through which pesticides reach the
water: it may drift outside of the intended area when it is sprayed, it may percolate,
or leach, through the soil, it may be carried to the water as runoff, or it may be
spilled, for example accidentally or through neglect. They may also be carried to
water by eroding soil. Factors that affect a pesticide's ability to contaminate water
include its water solubility, the distance from an application site to a body of water,
weather, soil type, presence of a growing crop, and the method used to apply the
chemical. The use of pesticides also decreases the general biodiversity in the soil.
Many of the chemicals used in pesticides are persistent soil contaminants, whose
impact may endure for decades and adversely affect soil conservation. Degradation
and sorption are both factors which influence the persistence of pesticides in soil.
Depending on the chemical nature of the pesticide, such processes control directly
the transportation from soil to water, and in turn to air and our food.
In this project, we aim to help reduce and stop this poisoning to species, organisms
and other elements that are threatened including the risk of human health because
of synthetic insecticides.
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Statement of the Hypothesis
A hypothesis is an educated guess or proposition that attempts to explain a set of
facts or natural phenomenon. It is used mostly in the field of science, where
the scientific method is used to test it.
In this experiment you will examine how biopesticides compare to a synthetic
pesticide. The two natural pesticides are a spray made from chili peppers and one
made from garlic. These are commonly used among gardeners as repellents. With
chili, it is the hot chillies that make the most effective repellent. Garlic's strong
odor can also act as a repellent. With the synthetic insecticides, look for one that
works against general pests, such as aphids, caterpillars, beetles. Evidence of these
pests can be seen in the holes they bore or bits of leaves that they have munched.
Aphids will leave a sticky residue on the leaves. The synthetic pesticide product
will better prevent pests from harming the plants than the biopesticides.
Theoretical Framework/Conceptual
Safety defines much of the home life, and pesticides do an impeccable work of
endangering it. With the influx of insecticides and anti-pest products in the market
today (and the easy access that comes with the trade), exposure has just become a
looming prospect. One fact of life is that apart from your family, you’re sharing
your home with a diverse array of pests: ants in the cupboard, wasps in your
sunroom, termites in the cabinets, or maybe bugs having their own little party in
your garden.
Your first instinct, of course, is to run to the store and get the most effective
pesticide out there.
But little do you know that the dangers of pesticides are much bigger than the ones
you’re trying to solve. These pesticides – 4.5 billion pounds of which are used
annually as reported in 2001 – tend to spread easily, stay suspended in the air, and
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contaminate the areas in and out of your home, adversely affecting your children,
pets, and the lush plant life around you. (Dr. Mercola)
Through the arrangement of documented formulations of over 260 natural
pesticides, we discovered that the traditional knowledge applied in pest control is
diverse and rich. Not only can it be used to prevent various crop pests, it can also
be used to prevent various diseases in livestock, poultry and fish. Apart from
producing the same effects as synthetic pesticides (contact killing, poisoning,
fumigation), it also has other unique effects (antifeedant effect, repellent effect,
ovicidal, infertility, etc.). For example, it interferes the growth of pests, causes
prolonged larval stages, resulting in the increase in adverse natural effects; it can
reduce the ratio of pests; and it reduces the population of insects over winter. (Xu
Rui, Popular Science of Pest Control)
A number of studies conducted in the U.S. and abroad have shown that botanical
pesticides, when used properly, can be as effective as synthetic pesticides at killing
a broad spectrum of pests both in domestic and agricultural settings.
Botanicals use essential oils from plants known to have natural insecticidal
properties, such as chrysanthemum, garlic, sweet flag and clove. Not only do these
natural avengers zap the bad bugs, they are also harmless to humans and the
environment. (FoxNews.com)
Unlike synthetic options, biopesticides are naturally occurring products derived
from materials like plants and microorganisms (think bacteria and fungi). In most
cases, biopesticides are less toxic than conventional pesticides, making the food
safer for people who eat it and those who grow it. Biopesticides generally affect
only the target pests, compared to broad spectrum, conventional pesticides that
may cause harm to birds, insects, mammals, and other organisms. They often
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decompose quickly, and reduce the likelihood that pests and plant pathogens will
develop resistance. ( Pam Marrone)
Definition of Terms
Cfc (Chlorofluorocarbon) - is an organic compound that contains only carbon, chlorine, hydrogen and fluorine, produced as a volatile derivative of methane and ethane.
Synthetic Insecticide - are manufactured at least in part using synthetic chemicals created from other chemicals
Tropospheric ozone- The troposphere extends from the surface of the Earth to between 12 and 20 kilometers above the surface of the Earth and consists of many layers.
Percolate- To cause (liquid, for example) to pass through a porous substance or small holes
Phenomenon- plural phenomena, is any observable occurrence
Hydrocarbon - is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon
Cfc-free - free of chlorofluorocarbons. Harmful chemicals that eat away at the ozone. they were most commonly found in aerosol cans, but have since been linked to the degradation of the atmosphere.
Natural Pesticide - Any chemical produced by a plant to ward off insects, fungi, and other predators.
Herbicides - also commonly known as weedkillers, are pesticides used to kill unwanted plants.
Counterproductive - Tending to hinder rather than serve one's purpose.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - are organic chemicals that have a high vapor pressure at ordinary, room-temperature conditions.
Influx - A mass arrival or incoming
Biopesticide - a contraction of 'biological pesticides', include several types of pest management intervention: through predatory, parasitic, or chemical relationships.
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CHAPTER II
Related Literature and Studies
This research study cited articles which are relevant to the present investigation. It
is composed of related literature and studies both local and foreign, which contain
facts and information on the research problem at hand. It also provides
explanations and logical connections between previous researches and the present
work.
Insecticides have been used for centuries to fight unwanted pests. There are several
natural (plant) insecticides that have been widely used, although compared with
modern synthetics the plant substances are relatively weak. One benefit of a plant
insecticide is that many of them are biodegradable. More than 1500 species of
plants have been reported to have insecticidal value, and many more exist, but two
products, rotenone and pyrethrin, have been economically important.
Rotenone. Before World War I, agricultural nations were ignorant about the plants
that contain rotenone. Rotenone was a mysterious and an unidentified fish poison
(barbasco) of the deep forests of Sounth America were natives collected roots of a
viney shrub, Lonchocarpus nicou, and threw the crushed roots into small streams
and pools. The chemical in the root stunned the fish and caused them to float to the
surface, where the fish were easily collected. Humans were not poisoned by
consuming rotenone, which is only toxic in very large doses. Use of rotenone as a
fish poison became widespread in the 20th century, and it was immortalized in
1954 when a boat captain just happened to have a rotenone on board to stupefy a
“monster” in Creature from the Black Lagoon.
The South American rotenone-bearing, leguminous plant is not known now from
the wild. Nowadays, Lonchocarpus is cultivated by hand labor in tropical regions
of Brazil and Peru. In the Far East, particularly in Java and Sumatra, a closely
related legume, Derris elliptica, which also contains rotenone, was used as an
arrow poison. Derris, which has been grown commercially in Puerto Rico, has
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lower yields of rotenone than does Lonchocarpus. Rotenone also occurs in the
legume genus Tephrosia.
Rotenone is found in resin ducts, which occur in the phloem and xylem. The root is
dried to 20% moisture content and then shipped to buyer countries. Rotenone is a
terpene; it was applied as a spray on fruits and row crops, even several times
before harvest time, because the chemical residue do not linger. It is a potentially
lethal toxin for aphids, cockroaches, houseflies, corn borers, Mexican bean beetles
and mosquitoes.
Pyrethrin. Pyrethrin comes from a perennial daisy of the genus
Chrysanthemum(not the cultivated mum). The biologically active chemicals are
esters, which occur in the flower heads. Action of a Pyrethrin is a contact poison,
which paralyzes the insect victim, usually with 90 seconds. Normally the poison is administered in emulsion or dust form; as a dust it
can be used as a diatomaceous earth. The primary physiological reaction of the
toxin is that ventral vagus ganglion shows vacoulization. Acute toxicity in
mammals is relatively low, because the pyrethrin esters are converted in the
stomach into nontoxic compounds.
Green Pesticdes. Green pesticides, also called ecological pesticides,
are pesticides derived from organic sources which are considered environmentally
friendly and causing less harm to human and animal health, and to habitats and
the ecosystem.
In agroecology, pesticides are evaluated for minimal adverse environmental
effects. Biocides include germicides, antibiotics, antibacterials, antivirals,
antifungals, antiprotozoals and antiparasites. Pesticides typically come in the form
of sprays and dusts.
The use of insecticides is believed to be one of the major factors behind the
increase in agricultural productivity in the 20th century. The classification of
insecticides is done in several different ways. These includes: Systemic
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insecticides, Contact insecticides, Natural insecticides,Plant-Incorporated
Protectants(PIPs), Inorganic insecticides, Organic Insecticides, Mode of action.
Systemic insecticides are incorporated by treated plants. Insects ingest the
insecticide while feeding on the plants. These are absorbed by plants or animals
and move to untreated tissues. Systemic or translocated herbicides move within the
plant to untreated areas of leaves, stems or roots. They may kill weeds with only
partial spray coverage. Systemic insecticides or fungicides move throughout treated plants and kill certain insects or fungi. Some systemic insecticides are
applied to animals and move through the animal to control pests such as warble
grubs, lice, or fleas. Some pesticides only move in one direction within the plant,
either up or down. Knowing what direction the pesticide moves will help guide
your decisions. For example some insecticides only move upwards in plants. If
applied to the root zone, it will travel throughout the plant, but if
applied to the leaves it will not move throughout the plant. Some pesticides are
considered locally systemic. These will only move a short distance in a plant from
the point of contact.
Contact insecticides are toxic to insects brought into direct contact. Efficacy is
often related to the quality of pesticide application, with small droplets (such
as aerosols) often improving performance. Insects are killed when sprayed directly
or when they crawl across surfaces treated with a residual contact insecticide.
Weed foliage is killed when enough surface area is covered with a contact
herbicide. Natural insecticides, such as nicotine, pyrethrum and neem extracts are
made by plants as defenses against insects.
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Nicotine-based insecticides are still being widely used in the US and Canada
though they are barred in the EU. Natural pesticides are pesticides that are made
by other organisms usually for their own defense, or are derived from a natural
source such as a mineral. Most people believe that natural pesticides are safer and
more eco-friendly than man-made pesticides and while this is mostly true it is not
always so. For example, nicotine is a natural pesticide in tobacco
leaves, and the highly addictive component of cigarette smoke, but is in fact much more toxic than most modern synthetic pesticides.
Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) are insecticidal substances produced by
plants after genetic modification.[4] For instance, a gene that codes for a
specific Baccilus thuringiensis biocidal protein is introduced into a crop plant's
genetic material. Then, the plant manufactures the protein. Since the biocide is
incorporated into the plant, additional applications, at least of the same compound,
are not required.
Inorganic insecticides are manufactured with metals and
include arsenates, copper compounds and fluorine compounds, which are now
seldom used, and sulfur, which is commonly used. Inorganic insecticides are of
mineral origin, mainly compounds of antimony, arsenic, barium, boron, copper,
fluorine, mercury, selenium, sulfur, thallium, and zinc, and elemental phosphorus
and sulfur. It is sometimes used as the toxic agent in ant poisons and for the control
of thrips.Organic insecticides are synthetic chemicals which comprise the largest
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numbers of pesticides available for use today. An organic insecticide is a pesticide
that uses only natural components to kill bugs. In many cases, organic materials
used to repel insects are also called organic insecticides. This is not a true
insecticide, but rather a repellent. Organic insecticides can be made from a number
of different materials, but what many people most appreciate about them is that
they are a relatively safe form of pest control in most cases. It is possible to make
an organic insecticide from a number of different substances. It is also possible to
buy them commercially. It should be noted that many organic insecticides are
meant to only target a certain species or a few different species. Therefore, those who have a variety of insect species they wish to treat will likely need more than
one type of organic insecticide. Mode of action—how the pesticide kills or
inactivates a pest—is another way of classifying insecticides. Mode of action is
important in predicting whether an insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species,
such as fish, birds and mammals.
Although the pesticides and particularly insecticides used in organic
farming and organic gardening are generally safer than synthetic pesticides, they
are not always more safe or environmentally friendly than synthetic pesticides,
both can cause harm. The main criterion for organic pesticides is that they are
naturally derived, and some naturally derived substances have been controversial.
Controversial natural pesticides include rotenone, copper, nicotine sulfate,
and pyrethrums. However, restrictions on natural pesticides have tightened and as
of 2005 rotenone, a dangerous natural pesticide, was not allowed for US organic
farmers, and rotenone was not allowed under the California Organic Foods Act of
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1990. Phytoalexin elicitor glucohexatose has been called a green pesticide, as has a
new class of insecticides called spinosad which shows "remarkable selectivity" in
destroying harmful pests
and leaving beneficial insects alive.
CHAPTER III
Methodology
Oh those pesky bugs! If you are a gardener, you know how difficult it can be to
deal with the insects that love to eat your plants. And what about the environment?
Most of us know that traditional chemical pesticides (or insecticides) are unhealthy
for us and the planet, but are generally a widely used tool to combat garden pests.
There are some easy and inexpensive natural pesticides you can make at home to
help you win the battle of the bugs and be eco-friendly. Here are a few ideas to use
in your own home and garden.
Materials
Pepper (Hottest of its kind)
Liquid Soap
Water
Others
Blender
Strainer
Empty Container
Procedure
1.) Liquid soap is a great alternative to toxic chemicals for both indoor and
outdoor plants.
2.) Mix 2 tablespoons of liquid soap or dishwashing liquid with 1 quart water,
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and pour into a spray bottle. Most indoor household plants tolerate this
natural pesticide well. Spray leaves, stem and topsoil to deter insects from
coming back. Aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies and mites are all affected by
this soap remedy.
3.) Prepare your blender.
4.) Pour at least two glass of water on the blender.
5.) Add two tablespoons of liquid soap.
6.) Add at least five cut pepper. (Depends on the size of your pepper, but the
spicier, the better.)
7.) Pepper and garlic are both natural insect repellents and will help to repel
Japanese Beetles, borers, leafhoppers and slugs. Garlic also deters larger pest
like deer and rabbit.
8.) Start to blend.
9.) Prepare your container and strainer.
10.) Filter all the solid particles from the liquid.
11.) Put your liquid product on your prepared container.
12.) Seal your product.
How To Test
A.
1.1. Prepare two plants with the same characteristics.
1.2. Spray one plant with a synthetic insecticide and one plant with the
created natural insecticide.
1.3 Observe the two plants for one or two weeks and record your
observations.
1.4 Write down your conclusion.
Week 1/Day 1
Observations
Plant A
Plant B
26B.
2.1 Prepare at least two insects (e.g. spiders, cockroaches) for your
experiment.
2.2 Spray one insecticide on the first insect and one on the second insect.
2.3 Observe what happened to your insects.
2.4 Record what you have observe.
2.5 Come up with a conclusion.
27Bibliography
Dr. Mercola’s Research
Xu Rui’s Study
Pam Marrone Article
http://www.onearth.org/blog/natural-pesticides-large-scale-farmers-turn-to-safer-products-to-keep-their-plants-healthy
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,517766,00.html
http://www.mercola.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_pesticide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecticide
http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Insecticides/index.html
http://www.livestrong.com/article/497135-discovery-of-the-natural-health-benefits-of-black-pepper/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_pesticides
http://science-in-farming.library4farming.org/Insects_2/Insecticides/Inorganic-Insecticides.html
http://www.wisegeek.com
http://www.livingwithbugs.com
http://www.arbico-organics.com
http://www.brighthub.com
Dr. Mercola’s Research
Xu Rui’s Study
Pam Marrone Article