natural language processing frank bergman mike gallagher jason firestone barcelona, october 19th,...
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Natural Language ProcessingFrank BergmanMike GallagherJason Firestone
Barcelona, October 19th, 2001
Stacked Layers of Language
Pragmatics
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
Pragmatics
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
Person A Person B
Infrastructure
VoiceRecognition
SyntaxParsing
SemanticAnalysis
Translation/Processing
VoiceGeneration
Generation
Philips Genie
IBM Via Voice
SAM,AT&T Synthesizer
BabelFish, Systran, other translators
Verbmobil, Train Information Systems
Ramona
Verbmobil: Speech2Speech Translation
Speech: Audio signals
Person A Person B
Pragmatics
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
Pragmatics
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
“I am hungry”
„I am hungry“
Audio Signals
Syntax: Sentence structure
Pragmatics
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Speech
Pragmatics
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Speech
Person A Person Btext=„I am hungry“type=noun_phrase;
verb=
text=„am“ type=verb;time=pres;pers=1st;infinitive=„be“;
subject =
adverb =
text=„hungry“type=adjective;case=nom;pers=1st;
text=„I“ type=pronoun;case=nom;pers=1st;
Syntax Syntax
Grammar Formalisms: DCG, HPSG, …
Semantics: „Meaning“ and Logics
Pragmatics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
Pragmatics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
Person A Person B
x.self(x) hungry(x)
Semantics Semantics
Logic Formalisms: FOL, Lambda Calculus, …
Pragmatics: The „world“ around us
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
Person A Person BI
State
FoodBody
Body
Person
empty
desire
has_value
has_property
State
has_valuehas_property
instance
instance
has_part
eatfullPragmatics Pragmatics
Frames, Semantic Networks, Description Logics, …
„Thoughts“: What we „feel“
Pragmatics
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
Pragmatics
Semantics
„Thoughts“
Syntax
Speech
Person A Person B
„I am hungry“
Markets
AutomaticTranslation
SpeechInput
DialogSystems
Players• Philips• IBM• Lernout & Hauspie• AT&T
Market Conditions• High entrance
barriers• Low margin products
Commercial Impact
The generated value is very lowThe technology doesn‘t work yet
The Future
Current:Low margin add-on to operating systemsAutomatic translations have bad quality
Next 5 Years:Low margin add-on for mobile devicesTranslation quality will slightly enhanceDialog systems becoming more common
Next 20 Years:Speech processing will become ubiquous in public life, but no „real intelligence“Translation quality will slightly enhance
Links
Verbmobil: http://verbmobil.dfki.de/AT&T Demo: http://www.naturalvoices.att.com/demos/Philips Speech Processing: http://www.philipsspeechprocessing.com/ Babelfish http://www.babelfish.com/ Lernout & Hauspie http://www.lhsl.com/ Ray Kurzweil AI Net: http://www.kurzweilai.net/ ALICE: http://www.alicebot.org