navigating the workplace with invisible disabilitiesflfcic.fmhi.usf.edu/docs/fcic epilepsy and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Navigating the
Workplace with
Invisible Disabilities
Kimberley Spire-Oh, Esq.
and
Jaime Sagona, M.A.
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What are invisible disabilities?
Epilepsy
ADHD
Asperger’s
Autoimmune Diseases
Traumatic Brain Injuries
Some learning disabilities
Depression, anxiety, OCD
Diabetes
HIV/AIDS
Some visual and hearing impairments
Sleep disorders…
Any disability that is not immediately apparent to others.
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Prevalence
10% of the population is estimated to have
invisible disabilities.
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Symptoms of Invisible Disabilities
Debilitating pain
Difficulty concentrating
Dizziness
Fatigue
Cognitive dysfunction
Learning differences
Emotional dysregulation
Brain injury
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What is a Disability?
Not all medical conditions are considered
disabilities.
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act
and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, a
disability is a physical or mental impairment
that substantially limits a major life
activity.
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Having a disability does not
mean a person is unable to
achieve a full and meaningful
life.
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Invisible Disabilities and
Employment
Most people with invisible disabilities are able to work in a variety of types of jobs and careers.
Neither the symptoms nor the treatments for them prevent most people from being productive employees.
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Invisible Disabilities and Employment
Some people with invisible disabilities
may need accommodations on the job to
assist them in working to their full
potential.
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Invisible Disabilities, Employment,
and Discrimination
Stigma
Lack of Understanding
Fear
Perception of additional costs
Liability concerns
Belief that the person is not actually disabled
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Invisible Disabilities and Unemployment
Because Invisible Disabilities comprise such a large and loosely-defined group, there are no statistics covering the whole range of invisible disabilities.
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Statistics
Generally, individuals with disabilities had a 34% employment rate in 2013.
In 2008 it was documented that the unemployment rate for people with epilepsy was between 13% to 25%, and could be as high as 34%.
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Causes of
Unemployment
Discrimination
Too sick/unwell to work
Lack of supports
Loss of morale/motivation
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Barriers You May Encounter
Fear
Concern about safety risks
Lack of knowledge about condition
Expectation of greater costs (accommodation, insurance)
Lack of necessary accommodation if condition not disclosed
Resentment from managers or coworkers
Lowered expectations for person with disability
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Possible Resentment
From supervisors that they have to provide accommodations for you.
From coworkers who have to rotate shifts while you don’t.
From other employees if you receive more breaks or time off.
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Risks of Nondisclosure
May overload yourself and worsen your
condition if you do not request necessary
accommodations
May be discounted or poorly evaluated if
there are any areas where your
performance is impacted by your
disability
Won’t have legal protections against
discrimination
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Protections
The Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA) and its amendments, as well as
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation
Act, protect workers with invisible
disabilities.
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Americans with Disabilities Act
Protects qualified individuals
Prohibits discrimination
Requires employers to provide
reasonable accommodations to otherwise
qualified employees/candidates.
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Section 504 of the
Rehabilitation Act
Works in coordination with the ADA, but applies to programs and activities that receive federal funding.
The same requirements exist under both laws in terms of who is protected and what protections are offered.
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Legal Protections
Key Terms:
Otherwise qualified
Major job functions
Reasonable accommodations
Undue burden
Limitation: Does not apply to employers with less than 10 employees (but related municipal ordinances may extend protection)
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Otherwise Qualified
Employees must be able to perform the
major job duties and have the required
qualifications for the position.
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Reasonable Accommodations
Modifications to application process
to allow individuals with invisible
disabilities to be considered for jobs
Job accommodations made to allow
individuals with invisible disabilities to enjoy
equal benefits and privileges of
employment
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Interactive Accommodation Process
Both employee and employer involved.
Identify “effective” accommodations
Medical documentation and
recommendations
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Effects of Invisible Disabilities
on Workers
Memory/Cognitive Abilities
Time Management
Stress Management
Driving
Balance/Climbing
Fatigue
Photosensitivity/Sensory Issues
Absenteeism
Personal care after seizures
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Examples of Accommodations for
Cognitive Impairments
Cognitive Impairments: memory, time
management, stress management
Provide the employee directory with pictures
Divide large assignments into several small tasks
Provide written/oral instructions
Modify work schedule
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Examples of Accommodations
for Motor Impairments
Motor Impairments: driving, balancing/climbing, fatigue, safety
Allow telework from home
Use rolling safety ladders
Use anti-fatiguing matting on floor
Adjust work week
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Accommodations for Attendance
and Personal Care
Flexible Schedule
Work a straight shift
instead of rotating
shifts
Provide a private
space to regain
composure and
perform self-care
tasks
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Examples Accommodations
for Sensory Impairments
Sensory Impairments:
photosensitivity,
difficulty
seeing/hearing/comm
unicating
Use a monitor glare
guard
Provide alternate
light sources
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Additional Accommodations
Training refreshers, memory aids
Breaks
Executive functioning supports
Work schedule adjustment/Telework
Removal of non-essential functions, such as climbing ladders
Special guardrails, safety equipment
Assistance animals
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Undue Burden
Financial or administrative burden that
could threaten the business
But potential sources of outside funding
are considered
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Hardship
Considerations
Nature and cost of the accommodation;
Overall financial resources of the facility;
Overall financial resources of the
employer (if the facility involved is part of
a larger entity);
The type of operation of the employer
The impact of the accommodation on the
operation of the facility.
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Invisible Disabilities
in the Workplace
There are limits to the questions employers
are allowed to ask during the interview
process, and all must be related in some
way to the ability of the candidate to
perform the job.
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Invisible Disabilities
in the Workplace
Employees with invisible disabilities do not have to disclose their diagnosis unless they are using it as the basis to request an accommodation. There are pros and cons to disclosing and to keeping your condition secret.
Employers must keep employee health information that is disclosed confidential and only make it available to staff who need to know.
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Pros to Disclosure
Gives you protection against
discrimination.
Gives you the ability to ask for
accommodations if you need them.
Gives you protection in case your
disability affects your job performance.
In case your disability becomes apparent,
it does not look like you were
withholding information.
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Cons to Disclosure
Potential for
discrimination
Could change
interaction with peers
and supervisors.
It could be used against
you.
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When to Disclose
Unless you need accommodation during the hiring process, withhold it until a job offer is made because you don’t want it to be part of the hiring decision.
Disclose before a drug test if you think any medications you may be taking may affect the results.
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How to Disclose
Request a private meeting with a manager
or someone in human resources.
The more confident, well-informed, and
relaxed you are, the more reassured your
employer will be.
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How to Disclose
Prepare what you are going to say ahead
of time.
Practice the disclosure discussion with
someone you trust.
Always keep it positive!
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What to Disclose
Make sure to explain the condition that
you have and how it affects (and doesn’t
affect) you.
Explain what your condition looks like
and what you might need.
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What to Disclose
General information about your condition
Why you are disclosing your conditon
How your condition affects your ability to
perform key job tasks
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What to Disclose
Types of accommodations that have
worked for you in the past
Types of accommodations you anticipate
needing
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Invisible Disabilities
and Working
Dealing with lack of public
knowledge/stigma
Educating people that you work with
Establishing routines and learning to avoid
triggers that exacerbate your condition
Dealing with the side effects of
treatments
Adaptations and coping mechanisms for
some of the limitations
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Missing Work and Your Rights
Some people with invisible disabilities are
able to work without interruption.
Other people may miss work because of
doctor’s appointments, changes in
medications, or illness.
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Missing Work and Your Rights
Some people with invisible disabilities are
afraid that they will lose their jobs if they
take time off.
It just may take some advanced planning
to insure you are protected when you are
absent.
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Family and Medical
Leave Act (FMLA)
Certain individuals with disabilities who
work for employers who have 50 or
more employees within a 75-mile radius
may be entitled to up to 12 weeks of
unpaid medical leave per 12 months.
Must have worked for employer for at
least 1250 hours in past 12 months.
Must provide medical documentation.
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Filing a Discrimination
Complaint
Complaints regarding disability discrimination in the
workplace can be directed to the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/disability.cfm
Charge may be filed up to 180 days after incident
(Federal employees have 45 days to contact
counselor)
Complaints may also be filed for retaliation against
someone engaged in advocacy on behalf of
someone with a disability or for discrimination
against family members of someone with disability
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Programs to Employ People with
Invisible Disabilities
State Division of Vocational Rehabilitation http://www.rehabworks.org/
Sample services:
Medical and Psychological Assessment
Vocational Evaluation and Planning
Career Counseling and Guidance
Training and Education After High School
Job-Site Assessment and Accommodations
Job Placement and Coaching
On-the-Job Training
Supported Employment
Assistive Technology and Devices
Time-Limited Medical and/or Psychological Treatment
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Programs to Employ
People with Epilepsy
JobTech- Demonstration Project
The Epilepsy Foundation received a $350,000
three-year grant from the U.S. Dept. of Labor in
2002.
The grant was to train people with epilepsy in
high demand technology skills.
The project was conducted in Camden, NJ,
Mobile, AL, Rockford, IL, and Kansas City, MO.
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In Florida
Division of Vocational Rehabilitation,
Florida Department of Education
http://www.rehabworks.org/
Florida Epilepsy Services
http://www.epilepsyservices.com/
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Closing
People with invisible disabilities can have a
productive and fulfilling work life.
They need to be aware of what they need
to be successful.
They need to self-advocate.
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Resource Websites
Job Accommodation Network (JAN) page on Accommodation Ideas for Epilepsy, http://askjan.org/media/epil.htm
Office of Disability Employment Policy, http://www.dol.gov/odep/
Invisible Disabilities Association, http://invisibledisabilities.org/
Epilepsy Foundation of Florida, http://www.efof.org/
Brain Injury Association of America, http://www.biausa.org/
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Resource Websites
Justice for All: Improving Employment Programs for Workers with Disabilities, http://autisticadvocacy.org/2015/07/justice-for-all-improving-employment-programs-for-workers-with-disabilities/
American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, http://www.aarda.org/
The Learning Disabilities Association of America, http://ldaamerica.org/
Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD), http://www.chadd.org/Advocacy/Employment.aspx
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Employment Resources
CareerSource http://www.floridajobs.org/onestop/onestopdir/
Vocational Rehabilitation, http://www.rehabworks.org/
University of Washington, Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology (DO-IT), http://www.washington.edu/doit/resources/popular-resource-collections/invisible-disabilities
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Contact Information
If you would like more information, please feel free to contact us:
Kimberley Spire-Oh, Esq.
2749 Exchange Court
West Palm Beach, FL 33409
(561) 307-9620
Jaime Sagona, M.A.
(407) 319-3049
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Citations
Invisible Disabilities Association: http://invisibledisabilities.org/what-is-an-invisible-disability/
Invisible Disabilities: List & Information: http://www.disabled-world.com/disability/types/invisible/
Disability Statistics: https://www.disabilitystatistics.org/reports/acs.cfm?statistic=2
Youth, Disclosure, and the Workplace Why, When, What, and How http://www.dol.gov/odep/pubs/fact/ydw.htm
http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/livingwithepilepsy/employmenttopics/yourrights.cfm
Family Medical Leave Act: http://www.dol.gov/whd/fmla/
Foundation Gets U.S. Labor Department Grant to Train People with Epilepsy in Technology-Based Job Skills http://www.benderconsult.com/articles/foundation-gets-us-labor-department-grant-train-people-epilepsy-technology-based-job-skills
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Citations, continued
Unemployment Statistics
http://books.google.com/books?id=6Kq4Zt2KOpcC&pg=PA2253&lpg=PA2253&dq=e
pilepsy+employment+statistics&source=bl&ots=qG03sNNNY_&sig=e9Jpim5YCKm
snJ0lr0WazzPxHA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8kfMUtqHEufgsAT5roKwDQ&ved=0CFcQ6AE
wBA#v=onepage&q=epilepsy%20employment%20statistics&f=false
Reasonable Accommodations
Source: The Epilepsy Foundation
http://old.epilepsyfoundation.org/living/wellness/employment/accommodation.cfm#.
U0Cy_SiwVGg
Source: Job Accommodation Network,
http://askjan.org/media/epilepsy.html
Hardship Considerations
Source: EEOC, http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/accommodation.html#undue
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Citations, continued
Cons to Disclosure
http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/livingwithepilepsy/employmenttopics/disclosing.cf
m
How to Disclose
http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/employmenttopics.cfm
http://www.dol.gov/odep/pubs/fact/ydw.htm