navigation strategy for ecac · ecac ministers’ decisions the two ecac strategies for the...
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EUROCONTROL
NAVIGATION STRATEGY NAVIGATION STRATEGY for ECACfor ECAC
Presented by Presented by
EUROCONTROL EUROCONTROL
EUROCONTROL
ECAC MINISTERS’ DECISIONSECAC MINISTERS’ DECISIONSThe two ECAC Strategies for the 1990’s, adopted in April 1990 and March 1992 respectively, required that
– “… the carriage of RNAV equipment will become mandatorymandatory in all en-route airspace by 1 January 1998.“
– “States are to make available RNAV based procedures for IFR operations in Terminal areas.”
EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY
Why a Navigation Strategy ? Why a Navigation Strategy ?
��to ensure that Future Navigation and Navigation to ensure that Future Navigation and Navigation Infrastructure are designed around and based on Infrastructure are designed around and based on Operational Requirements, and Operational Requirements, and NOTNOT on random on random choice based on technologychoice based on technology --driven initiatives driven initiatives
��to enable compatibility with other EATMP to enable compatibility with other EATMP Strategies Strategies
��to allow an adequate decisionto allow an adequate decision --making processmaking process
EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY
Objective Objective �� to provide a harmonised and integrated common to provide a harmonised and integrated common work frame which will allow a cost effective, work frame which will allow a cost effective, customer oriented evolution of the European air customer oriented evolution of the European air navigation systems during the period 2000navigation systems during the period 2000 --2015; 2015;
�� to provide the basis for : to provide the basis for :
�� the development of ECAC air navigation applications the development of ECAC air navigation applications and supporting infrastructure; andand supporting infrastructure; and
�� the rationalisation, integration and harmonisation of the rationalisation, integration and harmonisation of existing and new air navigation systems; existing and new air navigation systems;
�� to identify general principles, functions and futur e to identify general principles, functions and futur e work. work.
EUROCONTROL
NAV StrategyNAV StrategyCOM COM StrategyStrategy
SUR SUR StrategyStrategy
ATM 2000+ StrategyATM 2000+ Strategy
ICAO Global Plan ICAO Global Plan for CNS/ATMfor CNS/ATM
EC Strategy for EC Strategy for GNSSGNSS
Satellite Navigation Satellite Navigation StrategyStrategy
NAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGYRelationships Relationships
EUROCONTROL
EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY
Developed by Developed by EurocontrolEurocontrol Airspace and Navigation Airspace and Navigation Team (ANT) through a specialised Drafting GroupTeam (ANT) through a specialised Drafting Group
PARTICIPANTS: PARTICIPANTS:
ECAC StatesECAC Statesnonnon --ECAC StatesECAC States USA, UKRAINEUSA, UKRAINE
International OrganisationsInternational OrganisationsIATAIATA IAOPA AEA ICAOIAOPA AEA ICAO --AWOG AWOG IFATCA IFATCA
European Commission European Commission -- DG VIIDG VIIMilitary RepresentativesMilitary Representatives
State Military Liaison Officers, SHAPE State Military Liaison Officers, SHAPE European Air Traffic Management Programme (EATMP) Domai ns European Air Traffic Management Programme (EATMP) Domai ns
EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY
The main strategic streams are aimed at: The main strategic streams are aimed at:
��achieving a total RNAV environment with defined achieving a total RNAV environment with defined RNP values for all operations ECAC wide; RNP values for all operations ECAC wide;
��facilitating the implementation of the ‘free routes ’ facilitating the implementation of the ‘free routes ’ concept; concept;
��implementing 4D RNAV operations, to support the implementing 4D RNAV operations, to support the transition to a full gate to gate management of fli ght transition to a full gate to gate management of fli ght by 2015; by 2015;
��supporting the continued operations of aircraft supporting the continued operations of aircraft with lower capabilities as long as operationally with lower capabilities as long as operationally feasible; feasible;
EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY
The main strategic streams are aimed at: The main strategic streams are aimed at:
�� supporting the continued operations of State supporting the continued operations of State aircraft, in line with the principles of the overal l aircraft, in line with the principles of the overal l ATM 2000+ Strategy;ATM 2000+ Strategy;
�� providing positioning and navigation data at the providing positioning and navigation data at the required performance levels to support the various required performance levels to support the various applications in the ATM/CNS environment;applications in the ATM/CNS environment;
�� a judicious deployment of spacea judicious deployment of space --based based infrastructure and a rationalisation of the infrastructure and a rationalisation of the supporting ground infrastructure for all phases of supporting ground infrastructure for all phases of flight, ensuring the transition to GNSS, in line wi th flight, ensuring the transition to GNSS, in line wi th ICAO recommendations.ICAO recommendations.
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AIRPORT OPERATORAIRPORT OPERATOR
ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL
AIRCRAFT OPERATORAIRCRAFT OPERATOR
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERAIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER
€
WHY RNAV? WHY RNAV?
EUROCONTROL
TRAFFIC SPREAD REDUCTION TRAFFIC SPREAD REDUCTION USING RNAVUSING RNAV
CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL
SID
RNAVRNAV
SID
EUROCONTROL
TRAFFIC SPREAD REDUCTION TRAFFIC SPREAD REDUCTION USING RNAVUSING RNAV
STAR
CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL
STAR
RNAVRNAV
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IMPROVED FLIGHT IMPROVED FLIGHT MANAGEMENT USING RNAVMANAGEMENT USING RNAV
CONVENTIONAL RADAR TO ILS
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Track distance [km]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Alti
tude
[ft]
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000C
orre
cted
net
Thr
ust [
lbs,
all e
ngin
es]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Gro
und
spee
d [m
/s]
Altitude profileThrust profileSpeed profile
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IMPROVED FLIGHT IMPROVED FLIGHT MANAGEMENT USING RNAVMANAGEMENT USING RNAV
55 60-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Alti
tude
[ft]
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000N
et c
orre
cted
Thr
ust [
lbs,
all e
ngin
es]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Gro
und
spee
d [m
/s]
RNAV CONTINUOUS DESCENT APPROACHAltitude profileThrust profileSpeed profile
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CONTROLLER WORKLOAD CONTROLLER WORKLOAD --EXAMPLE ISAEXAMPLE ISA
VERY HIGH HIGH NORMAL LOW VERY LOW
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
WFEEEXEC
WTLREXEC
WTUNEXEC
WTUSEXEC
CONVENTIONAL %
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
RNAV
WFEEEXEC
WTLREXEC
WTUNEXEC
WTUSEXEC
EUROCONTROL201020052000 2015
EnEn--routerouteBRNAV at all levels
Free Routes (BRNAV) (8 States Project)
RNP 1 RNAV routes
Extended Free Routes (ECAC States)
RNP 1 RNAV mandatory en-route4D RNAV
Rationalisation of the Ground Infrastructure for al l phases of flight
AWO and AWO and AA--SMGCSSMGCS
Provide runway guidance
Provide Cat I/II/III PA
Provide NPA
TMA OperationsTMA Operations
Conventional SIDs/STARs
RNAV SIDs/STARs P RNAV mandatory in selected TMAs
RNP ≤≤≤≤ 1 RNAV mandatory in all TMAs
NAVIGATION STRATEGYNAVIGATION STRATEGY
EUROCONTROLNAVIGATION INFRASTRUCTURENAVIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE
20002000 20102010 2015201520052005EnEn--Route Route
VOR VOR
DME DME
NDB NDB
GBAS GBAS
GPSGPSSBASSBAS
Approach / Landing /Approach / Landing /Departure / ADeparture / A --SMGCS SMGCS
ILS Cat II/III ILS Cat II/III MLS Cat III MLS Cat III
DME DME VOR VOR NDB NDB
ILS Cat I ILS Cat I GPS GPS
SBAS Cat I SBAS Cat I GBAS Cat I/II/III GBAS Cat I/II/III Cat I
EUROCONTROLRNAV IMPLEMENTATIONRNAV IMPLEMENTATION
RNAV will become standard means of Navigation RNAV will become standard means of Navigation by 2010 for enby 2010 for en --route and terminal area operationsroute and terminal area operations
��Phased introductionPhased introduction
��Mandatory requirements applied only where Mandatory requirements applied only where essential essential ��Develop compatible air and ground applications in Develop compatible air and ground applications in line with: line with:
-- capacity requirements;capacity requirements;-- capability of avionics and ground equipment. capability of avionics and ground equipment.
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JAA RNAV Leaflet StrategyJAA RNAV Leaflet Strategy
TGL Draft
OCEANIC
RNP 10
*INS/IRS
*GPS primary
TGL No. 2 Rev 1
En-routeContinental
B-RNAV
*INS/IRS
*VOR/DME
*DME/DME
*GPS
TGL No. 10
TerminalArea
P-RNAV
*DME/DME
*GPS
TGL Draft
Approach
RNP 0.3
*DME/DME
*GPS
TGL No. 3 Rev 1
*GPS primary *GPS * GPS * GPS
*VOR/DME
EUROCONTROLRelationship of JAA Criteria to Support RNAV and Relationship of JAA Criteria to Support RNAV and Category I, II, III Operations in European AirspaceCategory I, II, III Operations in European Airspace
LOW VIS T.O.RVR <200m
CAT III
TakeoffRNP 0.3
ClimbRNP 1
En-routeRNP 5
DescentRNP 1
FAWPApproach
RNP.5
DH 100DH 200
RNP.3
JAR-AWO and JAR-OPS 1
Category II, III and Takeoff Operations
JAR-AWOSubpart 1 - Automatic Landing
System Subpart 2 - Category II ILS/MLSSubpart 3 - Category III ILS/MLSSubpart 4 - Take-off in Low
VisibilityHUD Information Leaflets
JAR-OPS 1Subpart E - All Weather Operations
TGL No. XY
Category I Operations
TGL No. 10
Precision RNAV (P-RNAV)
En-route (in designated airspace) Standard Instrument Departures (SID)Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STAR)Initial Approach and Intermediate Approach to FAWP
TGL No. 2Rev 1Basic RNAV(B-RNAV)
RNAV LNAV, LNAV-VNAV and RNP-RNAV
Based on DME/DME, B-GNSS & S-BAS
Category I xLS
Note: xLS encompasses ILS, MLS and GLS
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ICAO OCP Road MapICAO OCP Road MapProject 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2010 2012
SBAS
(US WAAS)
(EGNOSEUROPE)
(MSASJAPAN)
APV-I
APV-I/II
Cat. I*
AVP-II
APV-I/II
Cat. I
Cat. I
GBAS
(US LAAS)
CAT-I CAT II/III
OCPMeeting/
Criteria
13
GBAS Cat. I
SBAS Cat. I
Amend. 12
14
GBAS Cat. II/III
APV-II
GBAS CRM
GBAS PVT (?)
Amend. 13
PublishPANS OPS
Amendment
Amend. 11
APV I
Baro VNAV
Amendment 12 Amendment13
EUROCONTROLRNAV APPLICATIONSRNAV APPLICATIONS
� RNAV in terminal airspace below MSA� RNAV approaches (GNSS and multi DME)
RNAV increasingly needs higher standards of integrity and availability
� Removal of VOR/NDB planned -conventional Nav no longer possible as reversion
Need for appropriate Quality of Service from RNAV and associated data sources
EUROCONTROLAPPLICABLE STANDARDSAPPLICABLE STANDARDS
Target is RNP RNAV Supported by quality controlled co-ordinate data
– MASPS: Required Navigation Performance for Area Navigation (EUROCAE ED75A/RTCA Do236A)
– Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data (EUROCAE ED 76/RTCA Do200A)
– Standards for Aeronautical Information (EUROCAE ED77/RTCA Do201A)
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Pressure for TMA RNAV
BRNAV has limitations� no database required
� lowest level of accuracy not suitable for Terminal airspace operations
� minimum aircraft interface not ideal for high workload environment
SHORTER TERM OBJECTIVESSHORTER TERM OBJECTIVESSHORTER TERM OBJECTIVES
EUROCONTROLPrecision RNAV (PPrecision RNAV (P--RNAV)RNAV)
Maximise advantages of existing RNAV with RNP 1 accuracy - P-RNAV
� Enable RNAV with appropriate capability to be used for Terminal Airspace below MSA (P-RNAV)
Seek to avoid mandating additional ECAC widenav requirements:
� shorter lead time� cost benefit to be proven giving further delays
P-RNAV is interim step only
EUROCONTROLPP--RNAV MaterialRNAV MaterialEarly implementation of P-RNAV procedures where needed
but no ECAC wide mandateStandards available � JAA TGL10 - Airworthiness and Operational Approval for
Precision RNAV Operations in Designated European Airspace (Nov 2000)
� Approach material in preparation (Germany using TGL 3 for present)
� Guidance Material for the Design of Terminal Procedures for DME/DME and GNSS Area Navigation - (March 2000)
� Standard Document for Area Navigation Equipment -Operational Requirements and Functional Requirements EUROCONTROL DOC 003 Ed 2.2 Dec 1998
EUROCONTROL
Proposed extension of RNAV applications affects all stakeholders:
– Operators: Certification of RNAV equipment requirements
– ATS providers: preparation for changes to airspace and operations (eg support tools for ATC)
– Data providers: quality of Nav data base– Airspace planners & procedure
designers: RNAV capability and limitations
IMPLICATIONSIMPLICATIONSIMPLICATIONS
EUROCONTROLIMPACT ON GENERAL IMPACT ON GENERAL AVIATIONAVIATION
En-route - BRNAVEquipment requirements: JAA TGL 2 mandatory
TMAIncreasing use of RNAVRNAV not mandatory but operation will become difficult without itEquipment: TGL 10 (TGL 3 as an interim)
ApproachTGL in development - RNAV not mandatory
EUROCONTROLIMPACT ON GA up to 2010IMPACT ON GA up to 2010
� RNAV in TMA not Mandatory� But operations might become difficult at some major airports
without RNAV
� Data Base Required � approved supplier� until approvals in place operator must validateIntegrity - TGL 10 section 10.6
� System Continuity of Service� some procedures may demand dual RNAV TGL 10 section 4
� Minimum Equipment list� contingency procedures to get to maintenance base
otherwise only to airports where non-RNAV procedures exist
EUROCONTROL
RNP-RNAVMost existing equipment will need upgrading eg
� Integrity alerts� Functionality
Display issues for operation � eg RF legs
Workloadprocedures could be complex for environmental/
capacity reasons� Autopilot/Flight director
Continuity of serviceNo non-RNAV reversion
� Dual systems� multiple Nav sources (will GNSS be sufficient?)
IMPACT ON GA Post 2010 IMPACT ON GA Post 2010 IMPACT ON GA Post 2010
EUROCONTROLCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
RNAV applications developing rapidly – En-route– TMA– Approach
Seek to minimise impact on GA but transfer to RNAV operations and removal of point source navigation aids presents challenges for navigation developments